WO2008089617A1

WO2008089617A1 - A photothermal heating and heat-collecting device with black body

Info

Publication number: WO2008089617A1
Application number: PCT/CN2007/003157
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fukuo Huang
Original assignee: Fukuo Huang
Priority date: 2007-01-22
Filing date: 2007-11-07
Publication date: 2008-07-31
Also published as: CN101025291A; JP2010516987A

Abstract

A photothermal heating and heat-collecting device with black body includes at least a hyaline electromagnetic radiation tube (1) and black body material (3). The black body material (3) is disposed inside the hyaline tube (1), and the hyaline electromagnetic radiation tube (1) is a flow passage for a heated fluid (2). An inlet and an outlet for the heated fluid (2) are provided on the tube (1), and a restrained mechanism (12) for the black body material (3) is provided in the hyaline tube (1) for separating the black body material (3) from the hyaline tube (1).

Description

Photothermal black body collector heater

Technical field

The invention relates to a photothermal black body heat collecting heater, which relates to a collector and a heater module for light and heat radiation, and particularly relates to a radiation collector applied to a combustion heater and solar energy. Structure with heater module. Background technique

Conventional collectors typically only absorb radiant heat that conducts heat or infrared light. For visible light and ultraviolet light, it cannot be converted into a heat source that can be utilized because it cannot be converted at all. When absorbing photons, because the normally absorptive material is not a rough porous and non-conductive blackbody shield, it also greatly reduces the absorption rate, and the ability to absorb photons is very low. It is a very inefficient heat collection. Tools, which are also inefficient heaters, are generally only used as solar water heaters, and have few other practical applications for agriculture, industry, institutions, schools, public places or homes. Conventional technology The general collector tube can be divided into two methods:

1. Metal collector:

1) Combustion heating collector: Traditional gas heating usually uses a copper tube as a heat collecting device placed above the combustion flame. The inner diameter of the copper tube passes through the water. The heat absorbed by the copper tube conducts heat to the water by conduction, for example: The water heater used in the home is this form.

2) Electric heater heating collector: Usually, a high-impedance resistor (electric heating wire and ceramic electric heating tube) is placed in the liquid, and the current passes through the resistor to generate heat (P=I ² XR), and the generated energy form, except visible light In addition, the rest are infrared and far-infrared (electromagnetic radiation), and the heat generated is conducted to conduct heat to the liquid. This type of heating usually only heats the water, because the heating wire is in direct contact with the liquid, so several serious problems can occur:

i. The heating wire or ceramic electric heating tube itself is in direct contact with acid, alkali or other corrosive liquid, which will chemically react with the liquid or dissolve the mechanism, directly damaging the electric heating device.

i i. The heating wire or ceramic electric heating tube is directly contacted with organic liquid (such as methanol, acetone, etc.), which is easily ignited and fires.

Iii. The heating wire or the ceramic electric heating tube heats the large liquid tank such as the fishing rod or the swimming pool. If there is a crack in the liquid tank, the liquid in the tank leaks out, and the circuit will be short-circuited to the ground. There will be a surprising current loss due to the grounding of the circuit. .

Iv. Electric heating wire (ceramic electric heating pipe) is used in domestic water heaters. Generally, it can only be heated indirectly. If it is directly heated, it may cause grounding problems with the short circuit described in item iii above, which may cause electric shock. V. The form of heat generated by the heating wire and the ceramic electric heating tube is (far) 'infrared electromagnetic radiation wave, the conductor is a reflector for the electromagnetic wave (like the mirror reflects the visible electromagnetic radiation wave is the same, this is the basic theorem of electromagnetics), conductive The better the material, the better the reflection ability. If you use a copper tube heat sink, it is very unwise to do it. Iron products will be much better than aluminum or copper products. If you use non-conductive black material, it is better absorption. Thermal energy.

3), solar heating collector: It is a high-heat collecting metal plate made of electroplating or spray paint, the bottom is the thermal insulation layer of PU foam or glass wool, and the whole collector is covered with tempered glass. . In order to make the heat collecting efficiency of the collector high, the basic form is to absorb the sunlight of the day, and the surface is coated with a black metal plate (heat collecting plate), and the blackened or blackened copper pipe is generally arranged on the heat collecting plate. Next, a simple device for covering glass or the like, the heat collecting plate is for increasing the area in contact with sunlight. There is also a form in which the glass cover is omitted to expose the metal plate directly to the atmosphere.

The traditional burner heating tube uses a burning gas, a quartz tube or a heating wire to directly heat the copper tube, and the water circulates in the copper tube. The copper tube absorbs the heat radiation of the heat source and then transmits the heat energy to the water, and the water absorbs the heat energy, regardless of which one is used. The heat generated by the heating source is derived from (1) (far) infrared, (2) visible light, (3) near-ultraviolet light, (4) heated air and water vapor generated by combustion.

Among them (far) infrared, visible light, and near-ultraviolet light are electromagnetic wave radiation, while copper tube is a good conductor, which is a good reflector for electromagnetic wave radiation, so the reflection loss of this part is extremely large, and the loss part It is also the main source of thermal energy. Among them, the quartz tube and the heating wire (indirect contact type, the direct contact of the heating wire with the risk of electric shock) is based on radiation heating, and the loss is visible. That is to say, the heat source absorbed by the copper pipe is mainly the item (4): the heated air and the water vapor generated by the combustion, and the copper pipe is relatively inefficient with respect to the heat absorbing material of the present invention.

2. Collecting heat pipe:

Figure 1 : 1 is glass or other transparent container, 2 is fluid, 3 is wind body material. The conventional heat collecting tube is formed by plating chromium oxide or aluminum nitride on the wall of the tube to form a black body. Due to the conduction effect, when the sunlight illumination is weak, the hot water in the heat collecting tube will conduct the collected heat in turn to the glass tube. The glass tube then conducts heat to the black body coating. The body coating is an excellent absorber for thermal radiation and is also an excellent emitter for thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is radiated through the black body of the tube wall to cause a huge loss of thermal energy. The black body coating is formed by depositing a chromia or aluminum nitride film as a photon absorption film on the glass tube wall by evaporation or sputtering. It is usually required to operate in a vacuum regardless of evaporation or sputtering, and the process is complicated and inconvenient.

Here is a description of the characteristics and inconvenient use of chromium oxide and aluminum nitride:

Chromium oxide (oxidation grid coating collector):

Because of the toxicity problem, hexavalent chromium is a banned substance, so only chromium trioxide can be used. Chromium trioxide is usually dark red orthorhombic crystal, soluble in water, alcohol, sulfuric acid and ether, but insoluble in acetone, easy to deliquesce. . Since chromium trioxide is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and is easily deliquescent, it cannot be plated on the inner wall of a glass tube. The heat radiation absorbed by chromium trioxide on the outer wall of the glass tube must be achieved by the heat transfer between the glass tube itself and the fluid (water or alcohol), but the glass itself is a good insulating material for heat conduction, and the chromium oxide plays here. The role of "black body", "black body" is a good absorption material for thermal radiation, and is also a relatively good radiation material, because the glass tube can not quickly transfer the heat radiation absorbed by chromium trioxide to the fluid by means of heat conduction mechanism. The heat radiation quickly dissipates into the space. At this time, the heat collecting tube is transformed into a heat pipe, causing heat loss.

The fatal shortcoming of chromium trioxide is its explosive characteristics: Chromic acid anhydride itself is non-flammable, but in the case of organic matter and flammable substances, it can cause the burning of organic matter and combustibles, and mix with sulfur, phosphorus and certain organic substances, after friction and impact. There is a danger of explosion and an explosive mixture with soft powdery combustibles. The chromium trioxide film is plated on the outer wall of the glass tube to absorb moisture. The chromium trioxide film is plated on the inner wall of the glass tube, and the organic fluid reacts and even explodes, which is inconvenient.

Chromium trioxide has a very low melting point of only 196 ° C and is unstable in physical properties. Because of the inconvenient use of chromium trioxide, some people have begun to use aluminum nitride films.

Aluminum nitride (aluminum nitride coating collector tube):

Aluminum nitride (A1N) is an artificial ceramic material. The nitrogen atom and the aluminum atom are mainly covalently bonded, and are hexagonal fiber-type (Wurtzi te) structures, that is, similar to diamonds. The strong covalent bond of the tetrahedral configuration. The extremely strong covalent bond makes the aluminum nitride have a high melting point, and the phonon transfer heat energy is formed by the resonance of the covalent bond, so that the aluminum nitride has high thermal conductivity at the same time. Because it meets: (1) low original quantity; (2) strong interatomic bonding; (3) simple crystal structure; ( ⁴ ) high lattice harmonicity and other four characteristics, becoming a few non-high thermal conductivity Metal solid. The principle of aluminum nitride single crystal The thermal conductivity can reach 320W/m.K. Aluminum nitride has a high hardness, a breaking strength of 5000 kg/cm ² and a Vickers hardness of about 1 ² 00 kg/cm ² . In addition, the aluminum hydride has a direct energy band, and its energy band Gap is 6. 2 eV. Therefore, the high-purity aluminum nitride crystal is colorless and transparent (the absorption wavelength at room temperature is 2000 A), but in aluminum nitride. If oxygen or metal impurities are present, the light transmission will be lost. The physical and chemical properties are as follows:

Therefore, from the above table, there are several problems with the use of aluminum nitride:

> Aluminum nitride has a main absorption wavelength of 2000A, which is a deep ultraviolet wavelength. Sunlight radiates to the surface almost without this band, so aluminum nitride is not a good material for the absorption of solar radiation.

> Aluminum nitride is made of artificial synthesis, not a material already in nature, and the preparation and acquisition of aluminum nitride is very difficult.

Aluminum nitride is used in the 0 ₂ , 0 ₃ and -0H groups and is likely to be oxidized to white alumina. Therefore, aluminum nitride cannot be used at high temperatures, and is generally used below 150 °C.

Since aluminum nitride is likely to be oxidized in the -0H group, it is generally coated on the outer wall of the glass tube. The heat collected by the aluminum nitride must pass through the poorly conducted glass or acryl to reach the water. Or the acrylic itself is a good thermal insulation material for heat conduction. The role of chromium trioxide in this is "black body", "black body" is a good absorption material for heat radiation, and relatively good radiation material. Because the glass tube can not quickly transfer the heat radiation absorbed by the chromium trioxide to the fluid through the heat transfer mechanism, the heat radiation will quickly escape into the space, and the heat collecting tube will be transformed into a heat pipe, causing heat loss. The temperature is the gradient, and the radiation divergence rate is determined by the temperature gradient distribution. Because the black body is in direct contact with the air, the temperature drops extremely fast. The temperature of the water will not only be transmitted to the black body by the glass, but also directly to the black body by the radiation. The substance is then released into the air. Due to the black body radiation effect, when the sunlight radiation intensity is lowered, the heat collecting tube is converted into a heat pipe.

Conventional heaters usually use a burner or an electric heater to directly heat the collector. For example, a water heater for a bath is usually heated with a gas to heat the copper tube, and the fish tank is heated by an electric heating rod, and the pot is heated by a heating wire electric furnace. Summary of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater, which uses a dark non-conductive material as a structure of a heat collector and a heater module, and uses a dark non-conductive substance as its black body radiation collector and heating. Module.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a collector and a heater module using a dark non-conductive substance as a general combustion system or an electrothermal system, which uses a dark non-conductive substance or a carbon polymer as its black body radiation. Collector and heater module.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a structure using a carbon polymer as a collector and a heater module. The porous property of the carbon polymer can purify the water quality, keep the glass tube clean, and increase the service life of the heat collecting tube.

The technical solution of the present invention: the photothermal black body heat collecting heater of the present invention, the main structure thereof comprises: 'at least one electromagnetic radiation transparent tube and a black body material, the black body material is placed inside the transparent tube, and the electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is The fluid flow path tube is heated, the tube is provided with an inlet and outlet of the heated fluid, and the transparent tube has a black body material restraining mechanism for separating the black body material from the transparent tube.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater has a black body material of a rod shape, a block shape or a sheet material and is disposed in the restraining mechanism.

The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater is characterized in that the black body material is selected from the group consisting of carbon polymers prepared by various organic substances under high temperature and anoxic conditions.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater has a black body material which is a non-conductive material dark ceramic or a dark polymer.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater has an electromagnetic radiation transparent tube communicating with the heat sink to form a loop, and a circulation pump of the heated fluid is arranged on the loop.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater whose fluid is any liquid that needs to be directly heated.

The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater has a fluid which is an indirect heat transfer liquid mixed with a salt or an organic solvent which raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater has an electromagnetic radiation transparent tube which is an electromagnetic radiation transparent tube capable of transmitting ultraviolet light-infrared light. Advantages of the invention:

The following comparison is made with the heating of the heater of the present invention using a conventional heater:

Heating method

Combustion gas 1. Direct combustion, simple structure 1. Burner can not be burned in liquid, can not directly heat liquid, can not be used in chemical tank or fish pond

2. Stable quality, etc. in large liquid tanks

3. Low cost 2. Use of flammable liquids may cause fire hazard

3. Can only be heated directly, unable to heat distant objects

Resistance heating 1. Direct combustion, simple structure 1. Direct contact with metal flow tube or insert into liquid to cry. There is a danger of electric shock, and insulation must be installed.

2. Can be used directly 2. Adding insulation heat conduction will be worse, increase energy consumption Liquid 3. Large sink has leakage, current will not pass through the resistor

3. Stable quality Directly connected to the earth, unable to heat

4. Low cost 4 · Fluid will corrode resistance is heater

5. Flammable liquid can not be directly inserted into the use, heating is limited

Quartz heating 1. Direct combustion, simple structure 1. Quartz tube will burst when it changes with cold and heat

Single 2. Inserted directly into the liquid, there is a risk of electric shock.

2. Stable quality 3. Flammable liquid can not be directly inserted into the use, heating is limited

(This hair 1. It can be indirectly heated, the structure is simple, the heater processing process is easy, and the process is clear). The heating method is not low.

Black body (flow limit

Heating) 2. The heater will not be rotted

Etch

3. Heater boiling

Point mechanism can be used as a control

Temperature mechanism

4. Can be used in chemistry

Large liquid such as tank or fish pond

In the body slot

5. Can add to distant objects

Heat, such as solar thermal power

Machine, solar air conditioner BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1: Traditional black body heat collecting tube structure;

Figure 2: The structure of the heating tube of the photothermal black body heat collecting heater of the present invention;

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the heat supply of the photothermal black body heat collecting heater of the present invention to the water tank;

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the heat supply of the photothermal black body heat collecting heater of the present invention to the motor unit;

Figure 5: Electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation.

In the figure: 1 is a transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation (glass or other transparent container), 2 is a fluid, 3 is a black body material, 4. is a black body photothermal absorber module, 5 is a heat source, 6 is heated water or fluid, 7 is Sink or chemical reaction tank, 8 is generator or other heating, refrigeration equipment, 9 is heat sink, 10 is a circulation pump (purap), 11 is a radiator, 12 is a restraint mechanism. The best way to achieve the invention

The black body material referred to in the present invention as light and heat absorption in the heat collector is a black body in the physical sense, since there are few real black body materials in reality, and many materials in the general black non-conductive material are black body materials. Due to cost and simplified structural requirements, the present invention uses a black body material as an alternative to a black body material, which can roughen the surface of the black body material. The rough black body material will be closer to the black body material, which is a definition of the black body material. Black carbon is almost black, and it is an excellent absorber of light. Black carbon is a broken allotrope. Black carbon is different from graphite. The black carbon is mainly carbon crystal. It is discontinuous and scattered microcrystal, so it can't conduct electricity. The electromagnetic radiation is reflected on the black carbon surface. Small, is a black body material with stable physicochemical properties, non-toxic and easy to obtain.

The invention adopts non-crystalline carbon as a black body material. Generally, the carbon forming condition is that the organic solid substance is made at a high temperature in an anaerobic state, and the common ones are charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, charcoal, bamboo charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. The porous property can purify the water at the same time, and keep the glass tube clean and increase the service life of the heat collecting tube.

It should be noted that: Although they are all black carbon, coal is also a charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal or other woody parts of wood, but coal is not a good black body material, because coal is long in high temperature and high pressure environment. Time is slowly generated, and all of the more complete periodic crystal structures are not suitable for black carbon materials, so not all black carbon materials can be used.

Coal and graphite are formed by slowly arranging carbon molecules in an oxygen-free high temperature and high pressure. Graphite molecules are periodic hexagonal close-packed (hep) lattice structures, shiny, good conductors, and have good reflectivity for electromagnetic waves. The shielding ability of a certain ability, the lattice structure layer and the layer can slide, and can be used as a lubricant. However, carbon is rapidly formed under the condition of anaerobic high temperature. It is especially necessary to pay attention to the rapid formation of carbon polymer. The carbon molecules will be scattered and unstable microcrystalline arrangement, often with fibrous impurities, porous, insulator, matt. It is a good absorber for electromagnetic waves.

Among them, charcoal materials such as charcoal, bamboo charcoal and coconut shell charcoal must be paid special attention. Extremely soft, it is a good black body material, but the material is too soft, you must use a black body restraint mechanism. Dark ceramics are also extremely brittle and fragile materials. Black body restraint mechanism must be used when directly heating. Otherwise, it will be broken up after fluid flushing, which will seriously pollute the heated liquid and the unit equipment. Therefore, it must be rod-shaped, block-shaped or flaky black carbon-based material and fixed, or use a restraining mechanism to restrain the soft black carbon-based materials together, so as not to make the soft black carbon materials collide with each other to avoid softness. The black carbon material is pulverized, the material fragments and the powder contaminated liquid are reduced, and the soft black carbon material can be adsorbed to the contaminated microorganisms present in the liquid, the water quality can be purified, and the service life of the heat absorbing tube can be increased.

The following discussion of the problem of radiation being absorbed by blackbody (blackbody) can usually be discussed in three ways:

1. Blackbody radiation and Planck's energy sub:

Light is the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency range. When the object is heated, it emits infrared radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. As the object continues to heat up and become hot, the red wavelength portion begins to become visible. But most of the thermal radiation is still infrared, which can be achieved and can measure some black body light.

The quantum equation of blackbody radiation is the first part of quantum mechanics. Energy E, radiation frequency and temperature T can be written as:

E =

e ^kT - 1

h = 6. 63 X ²⁷ erg. Seconds = X ³⁴ joules. Seconds (Planck constant) k = 1. 3806505 (24) X 1 (Γ" J/ (Boltzmann constant).

2. Interaction of light and matter - Blackbody radiation:

A blackbody is an idealized object that absorbs all of the radiation that strikes it and converts it into thermal radiation. The spectral characteristics of this thermal radiation are only related to the temperature of the blackbody. Planck sees the atoms in the object as the formula for the black body radiation of tiny oscillators. The energy of these atomic oscillators is not continuous, but discrete:

Ε _π = η X h X v , then the equation is corrected to: Ε _η = {η+ 1 / 2) X h X v

3. Radiation heat transfer (Bl ackbody Radia t ion):

Blackbody radiation law: B _b = . _b f

Blackness (grayscale): ε - Ε / E _b , E = ε E _b = ε σ _b f

Radiant heat transfer between two surfaces: the concept of effective radiation: J = e E _b + RG

Where /: effective radiation, ε ^'. self-radiation, R: reflectivity; G projection radiation

_ HV ^s 1 _ 7 1

p _v = ———— ^ or ρ _Λ =______ , where Ρ _ν is the radiant energy dens i ty, ν is the frequency, is the absolute temperature, " and is a constant, c is the speed of light.

Photoelectric effect

By illuminating electrons from the metal, the kinetic energy of these electrons can be measured. Regardless of The intensity of the light is emitted only when the frequency of the light exceeds a threshold. The kinetic energy of the emitted electrons increases linearly with the frequency of the light, and the intensity of the light only determines the amount of electrons emitted. Einstein proposed the quantum theory of light to explain. The quantum energy of light is:

£ = Ji X V

This energy in the photoelectric effect is used to eject electrons from the metal (escape work) and accelerate electrons (kinetic energy):

1 ₂ here » is the quality of the electron, is its speed. If the frequency of the light is too small, then it cannot make the electrons pass through the work, no matter how big the light is.

Bohr model: Electron-emitting electromagnetic waves, not in accordance with Maxwell's electromagnetics, but as "quantum transitions" between the two "steady state""energylevels." This model gives a theoretical principle for atomic structures and optical lines. Bohr believes that electrons can only operate on a certain energy orbit. If an electron jumps from a relatively high energy orbit to a lower energy orbit { E ₀ ), the frequency of the light it emits is ^ ^ - by absorbing the same frequency of photoelectrons, it can jump from low energy orbit to high energy. On the track.

2. Populat ion inversion:

When a black body absorbs a photon of a high-energy state (such as ultraviolet light), "spontaneous emission, and "excitation radiation" occur, and electrons excited by high-energy electrons can be converted into infrared (thermal energy) or mechanical energy by electronic transition. It is mechanical energy. According to the first law of thermodynamics (the principle of energy extinction) is the law of conservation of energy. The disturbance caused by mechanical energy will eventually transform into a hot type, and the heat after the transformation is completely absorbed by the fluid.

The first law of thermodynamics (the principle of energy extinction) is the law of conservation of energy:

Each system has an internal energy U, which can only be changed in the form of energy by work W and heat Q, ie: d ] = i? Q + (5W

The energy of a closed system does not change. Different forms of energy can be transformed with each other, but energy can neither be produced out of thin air nor disappeared from the air, fully demonstrating that the solar radiation photons absorbed by the black body are almost completely converted into heat.

In fact, all the photons absorbed into the high-energy state will radiate infrared rays. Through the explanation of the nonlinear optics of "reverse reversal", it can explain why visible light and ultraviolet light can be converted into heat (infrared, far infrared and mechanical vibration). ).

The black body converts the absorbed photons into heat, which is absorbed by the fluid through heat exchange and becomes an excellent source of heat absorption and exchange. The black body substance is immersed in the fluid, and the radiant energy applied to the black body substance is absorbed by the fluid almost 100%, otherwise the energy will not be removed, and thus the law of energy immutation will be violated, so the high temperature wind body material is immersed in Among the fluids, according to the theory that the temperature is a gradient distribution, the high temperature black body will quickly transfer the temperature to the fluid to achieve a closer fee. The steady state (ground state) of the meter energy level, so the black body does not burn due to high temperature or breaks due to thermal shock. The structure of the present invention and some embodiments are described below:

The present invention makes it possible to use heat collectors and heaters for burners, such as heat exchangers for water heaters, particularly for the combustion of direct collector heaters and indirect collector heaters.

Among them (far) infrared, visible light, and near-ultraviolet light are electromagnetic wave radiation, while copper tube is a good conductor, which is a good reflector for electromagnetic wave radiation, so the reflection loss of this part is extremely large, and the loss part It is also the main source of thermal energy. Among them, the quartz tube and the heating wire (indirect contact type, the direct contact of the heating wire with the risk of electric shock) is based on radiation heating, and the loss is visible. That is to say, the heat source absorbed by the copper pipe is mainly item (4): the heated air and the water vapor generated by the combustion, and the copper pipe is relatively inefficient with respect to the heat absorbing material of the present invention.

Figure 2: The present invention uses a heat-resistant electromagnetic radiation transparent tube 1 as a fluid flow tube, in which a black body material 3 such as black carbon (charcoal or bamboo charcoal) is placed, and the restraining mechanism 12 restrains the black carbon in the axis of the transparent tube 1. Around the center, there is a space between the black body material 3 and the transparent tube 1, and the black body material 3 is prevented from transferring heat to the transparent tube 1. The black body is an excellent absorber for radiation. The black body absorbs the heat radiation and then directly transmits it to the passing fluid (because the temperature is a gradient function, the high energy level is transmitted to the low energy level, making the high energy level object closer to the Fermi level. ), to warm the fluid.

The black body material may also be a non-conductive material dark ceramic or a dark polymer. Dark color refers to any color with a black component.

The electromagnetic radiation transparent tube 1 may be one of a glass tube, a quartz tube, a ceramic tube, a fiber tube or a high molecular polymerization tube, as long as there is no obstruction to the electromagnetic radiation wave.

In this embodiment, the fluid is directly heated, such as a solar water heater, and the fluid is directly heated. That is, the present invention can produce a solar collector tube or even a solar water heater. The solar collector tube has an electromagnetic radiation transparent tube and a black body material, and the black body material is placed in the transparent tube. The electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is a heated fluid flow tube, the tube is provided with a heated fluid inlet and outlet, and the tube can be multi-tube, And even. Other techniques are the same as in the prior art, and the gist of the present invention is that the endothermic black body material is placed in the transparent tube.

Figure 3, Figure 4: The invention can also be used as a heating source to indirectly heat other objects: In Figure 3: 1 is a transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation (glass, ceramic, quartz, plastic or other non-conductive material container transparent to radiation) 2 is a fluid, 3 is a black body material, 4. is, a bulk light heat absorber module, 5 is a heat source, 6 is a heated fluid, 7 is a water tank or a chemical reaction tank, and 10 is a circulation pump.

The electromagnetic radiation transparent tube 1 is in communication with the auxiliary radiator 11 to form a loop, and the loop is added Hot fluid circulation pump 10. The fluid 2 flows in the loop under the action of the circulation pump 10, and heat is transferred to the heated water or fluid 6 in the water tank 7 through the radiator 11. Or the radiator 11 directly dissipates heat to the surroundings as a heating device.

4 is an embodiment of the heat treatment of the motor group by the photothermal black body heat collecting heater of the present invention:

1 is electromagnetic radiation transparent tube (glass or other transparent container), 2 is fluid, 3 is black body material, 4. is black body photothermal absorber module, 8 is power generation device or other heating, refrigeration equipment, 9 is endothermic The device 10 is a circulation pump (p leg p) and 13 is a heat transfer tube.

The electromagnetic radiation transparent tube 1 communicates with a heat transfer tube 13 as a heat sink to form a loop having a circulation pump 10 for heating the fluid. The fluid 2 flows in the loop under the action of the circulation pump 10, and heat is transferred to the heat absorber 9 through the heat transfer tube 13, and the heat absorber 9 transfers the heat energy to the power generating device or other heating and cooling device 8. For example, it is applied to various fields such as solar power generation and solar refrigeration.

The fluid part is illustrated as follows:

1. Usually use non-flammable water.

2. In order to increase the boiling point and lower the freezing point, it is also possible to mix a fluid or substance that is miscible with water to form an indirect heating heater, for example: mixed with a salt or an organic solvent. I salt: If the density of salt water is not fixed (the higher the concentration, the higher the density), and the boiling point is not at a certain temperature when boiling (the temperature will continue to rise). At one atmosphere, the boiling point of pure water is 100 ° C. The melting point and boiling point of the salt must be high. For example, the salt (sodium salt) has a melting point of 80 (TC and a boiling point of 1465 ° C, and the boiling point of lithium bromide (lithium salt) is 1265 ° C. Heating the brine can increase the boiling point of the fluid, increase the range of use of the collector, and greatly reduce the freezing point of the water. The brine is a conductive substance, which can accelerate the heat conduction.

Ii organic solvent: For example, ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet viscous liquid at room temperature. Specific gravity 1. 1132, Boiling point 197. 2 °C, freezing point -12. 6 °C, flash point 116 °C, self-ignition point 412 °C, upper limit of explosion limit 3. 2% 15. 3% by volume. It is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone and can greatly reduce the water point.

Iii. Unfrozen fluids such as ethylene glycol and salt water will increase the refractive index of water and increase the incidence of light. Since the refractive index of water is 1.33, the refractive index of the container glass is 1.5, and the brine can increase the refractive index of water, even exceeding the refractive index of the glass, and can greatly increase the incidence and transmittance of optical radiation. The black body material can absorb more photons and improve the efficiency of solar energy use. Because light enters the light-tight substance (salt water) from the light-diffusing substance (glass wall), it is highly transmissive. Conversely, light from the light-tight substance (glass wall) into the light-draining substance (water) is highly reflective.

Such a combination can obtain excellent light absorption rate and photothermal conversion rate. Mainly to obtain a higher temperature heat exchange heat source fluid.

Electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is a transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation that can transmit ultraviolet light to infrared light.

Infrared and far-infrared rays in sunlight can be directly absorbed by charcoal and exchange heat directly to "salt water + ethylene glycol," because the boiling point of "salt water + ethylene glycol" far exceeds 100 ° C. It can be used not only as a heat exchanger heat source for solar water heaters, but also as a generator for solar power generation.

The black body and the fluid of the invention are used in transparent tubes of electromagnetic radiation (glass, ceramic, quartz, plastic or other non-conductive material containers transparent to radiation), the black body may not directly contact the transparent tube, and the heat energy is directly transparent to the conduction by conduction. The tube is ineffectively heated, the black body is immersed in the fluid, and the black body radiating radiation is also required to be fluid. The invention can reduce the thermal energy loss caused by the black body directly radiating radiation to the air. The traditional heat collecting tube is made of chrome oxide or aluminum nitride to form a black body on the tube wall. Due to the conduction, the hot water in the collecting tube will conduct heat to the glass tube, and the glass tube will conduct heat to the black body, and the black body is heat radiation. It is an excellent absorber and an excellent emitter for thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is radiated through the black body of the tube wall, causing a huge loss of thermal energy.

The solar absorption of the present invention is now described as an example. The amount of solar energy transmitted to the surface of the earth is mainly radiant heat. Now, various rays including sunlight are first explained:

Lum i no sity, luminosity is the total energy radiated by an object, and the solar luminosity is 4x10. However, the energy received in a specific area in one second is called the radiation flux, and the earth receives a solar radiation flow of 1370W per square meter in one second. The energy sought to be received is also called the Solar Constant. This value is 2 cal/cm ² /min, which means the distance in an astronomical unit. The amount of solar energy can heat a cubic meter of water 2K in one minute. It's just a part of the sun's luminosity.

The spectrum of sunlight extends from ultraviolet UV-B to infrared, with a longest wavelength of about 4,000 nm.

However, in terms of energy distribution, see Figure 7:

• Mainly in the narrow visible light band, accounting for 44%, • others are UV 7%.

*Infrared is 37%

* The far infrared part accounts for 11°/. .

Conventional collectors can only absorb 48% of the infrared radiation and the far-infrared part of the heat radiation. For the other 51% of visible light and ultraviolet light, because they cannot be converted at all, they cannot absorb the heat source that can be used, and when the photons are absorbed, Because the light-absorbing material is usually not a rough porous and non-conductive near-black body shield, it also makes the absorption rate greatly reduced, and it is a very inefficient heat collecting tool. Therefore, it is more difficult to accumulate higher energy per unit area.

The present invention can be applied to one of a combustion heat collecting device, an electrothermal heat collecting device, a geothermal heat collecting device, a bioenergy heat collecting device, and a solar heat collecting device.

The invention can also be applied to various types of pots or boiler heat source parts, not only can improve the absorption capacity of heat radiation, but also the heat after the conversion is limited by the boiling point of the fluid, and can ensure the temperature control of the pot or the boiler. Ensure the safety of the use of pots or boilers. Due to the control of the boiling point, it is better to keep the heat source at a constant temperature. Industrial applicability

The invention provides a photothermal black body heat collecting heater, the main structure thereof comprises: at least one electromagnetic radiation transparent tube and a black body material, wherein the black body material is placed in the transparent tube, and the electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is a heated fluid flow path tube The tube is provided with an inlet and outlet for the heated fluid, and the transparent tube has a black body material restraining mechanism for separating the black body material from the transparent tube. The black body material is a rod, block or sheet material placed in the restraining mechanism. The black body material is a carbon polymer selected from various organic substances under high temperature and anoxic conditions or a non-conductive material dark ceramic or dark polymer. Its fluid is any liquid that needs to be heated directly. The electromagnetic radiation transparent tube communicates with the radiator to form a loop, and the circulation pump has a heated fluid on the loop. The fluid is mixed with a salt or organic solvent that raises the boiling point and lowers the water point to make it an indirect heat transfer liquid. The transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation is a transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation that can transmit ultraviolet light to microwave.

Claims

Rights request

A photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater characterized in that: the main structure comprises: at least one electromagnetic radiation transparent tube and a black body material, the black body material is placed in the transparent tube, and the electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is a heated fluid stream The pipe is provided with a heated fluid inlet and outlet, and the transparent pipe has a black body material restraining mechanism for separating the black body material from the transparent pipe.

2. The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 1, wherein the black body material is a rod-shaped, block-shaped or sheet-like material placed in the restraining mechanism.

3. The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the black body material is selected from a non-periodic lattice arrangement of various organic substances under high temperature and anoxic conditions. Carbon polymer.

4. The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the black body material is a non-conductive material dark ceramic or a dark polymer.

The photothermal black body heat collecting heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromagnetic radiation transparent tube communicates with the heat sink to form a loop, and the loop has a circulating pump of heated fluid.

6. A photothermal blackbody heat collector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid is any liquid that requires heating directly.

The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fluid is an indirect heat transfer liquid mixed with a salt or an organic solvent which raises the boiling point and lowers the freezing point.

8. A photothermal blackbody heat collector according to claim 3, wherein the fluid is any liquid that requires heating directly.

9. The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 5, wherein the fluid is an indirect heat transfer liquid mixed with a salt or an organic solvent which raises the boiling point and lowers the water point.

The photothermal blackbody heat collecting heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromagnetic radiation transparent tube is a transparent tube of electromagnetic radiation capable of transmitting ultraviolet light-microwave.