WO2008088936A1

WO2008088936A1 - Quinolynylmethylimidizoles as therapeutic agents

Info

Publication number: WO2008088936A1
Application number: PCT/US2008/050156
Authority: WO
Inventors: Phong X. Nguyen; Todd M. Hidelbaugh; Ken Chow; Michael E. Garst
Original assignee: Allergan, Inc.
Priority date: 2007-01-12
Filing date: 2008-01-04
Publication date: 2008-07-24
Also published as: US7868020B2; US20100113516A1

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a compound of the formula (I):(I).Therapeutic methods, compositions and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Description

QUINOLYNYLMETHYLIMIDIZOLES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

By Inventors Todd M. Heidelbaugh, Phong X. Nguyen, Ken Chow, and Michael E Garst

CROSS-REFERENCE This application claims the benefit of U S, Provisional Application serial number 60/884,718, filed January 12, 2007 and U.S. Provisional Application serial number 60/917,828, filed May 14, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein is a compound of the formula

wherein R is H, Ci 4 alkyl, or CF3; A is tetrahydroquinolinyl having 0, 1 , 2, or 3 stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C₁ N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof. Another embodiment is a method comprising administering a compound disclosed herein to a patient in need thereof for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Definitions. Explanations, and Examples

Unless explicitly and unambiguously indicated otherwise, the definitions, explanations, and examples provided in this section shall be used to determine the meaning of a particular term or expression where there is any ambiguity arising from other parts of this document or from any disclosure incorporated by reference herein. Hydrocarby) is a moiety consisting of carbon and hydrogen, including, but not limited

1 alkyl, which is hydrocarbyl containing no double or triple carbon-carbon bonds; alkyl includes, but is not limited to: • linear alkyl, cyclic alkyl, branched alkyl, and combinations thereof; • CM alkyl, which refers to alkyl having 1 , 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms, including, but no limited to, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n- propyl, n-butyl and the like; • Ci-β alkyl, which refers to alkyl having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, including, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl isomers, cyclopropyl, butyl isomers, cyclobutyl, pentyl isomers, cyclopentyl, hexyl isomers, cyclohexyl, and the like; • combinations of these terms are possible, and their meanings should be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, for example Ci-β linear alkyl would refer to Ci-e alkyl which is also linear; 2 alkenyl, which is hydrocarbyl containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; alkenyl includes, but is not limited to. • linear alkenyl, cyclic alkenyl, branched alkenyl, and combinations thereof; • alkenyl having 1 , 2, 3, or more carbon-carbon double bonds, 3 alkynyl, which is hydrocarbyl containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds; akynyl includes, but is not limited to • linear alkynyl, cyclic alkynyl, branched alkynyl, and combinations thereof, • alkynyl having 1, 2, 3, or more carbon-carbon double bonds, 4. aryl, provided that it contains no heteroatoms either in a ring or as a substituent; 5. combinations of any of the above, 6. Ci 4 hydrocarbyl, which refers to hydrocarbyl having 1 , 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms; and 7. Ci-6 hydrocarbyl, which refers to hydrocarbyl having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms. Alkoxy is O-alkyl, such as OCH₃, 0-ethyl, 0-ιsopropyl, and the like. Mercaptoakyl is S-alkyl, such as SCH3, S-ethyl, S-isopropyl, and the like -Alkyl Acyloxy is V-⁰T O ' A compound, substituent, moiety, or any structural feature is stable if it is sufficiently stable for the compound to be isolated for at least 12 hours at room temperature under normal atmospheric conditions, or if it is sufficiently stable to be useful for at least one use disclosed herein. A heavy atom is an atom which is not hydrogen A heteroatom is an atom which is not carbon or hydrogen. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt is any salt that retains the activity of the parent compound and does not impart any additional deleterious or untoward effects on the subject to which it is administered and in the context in which it is administered compared to the parent compound A pharmaceutically acceptable salt also refers to any salt which may form in vivo as a result of administration of an acid or another salt Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of acidic functional groups may be derived from organic or inorganic bases The salt may comprise a mono or polyvalent ion Of particular interest are the inorganic ions lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium Organic salts may be made with amines, particularly ammonium salts such as mono-, dι- and trialkyl amines or ethanol amines Salts may also be formed with caffeine, tromethamine and similar molecules Hydrochloric acid or some other pharmaceutically acceptable acid may form a salt with a compound that includes a basic group, such as an amine or a pyridine ring Unless otherwise indicated, reference to a compound should be construed broadly to include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and tautomers of the depicted structure For example, the structures herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, the tautomeric forms shown below

Unless stereochemistry is explicitly depicted, a structure is intended to include every possible stereoisomer, both pure or in any possible mixture For the purposes of this disclosure, "treat," "treating," or "treatment" refer to the use of a compound, composition, therapeutically active agent, or drug in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, prevention of disease or other undesirable condition, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals R is H, CM alkyl, or CF₃ Thus, the following compounds are contemplated

In one embodiment R is H A is tetrahydroquinolinyl having 0, 1 , 2, or 3 stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof Tetrahydoquinolinyl is one of the moieties depicted below

which may have substituents according to the parameters set forth herein Thus, for example, A may be any of the structures shown below or the like, wherein R¹, R², and R³ are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof, and n is 0, 1 , 2, or 3

The position of R¹, R², and R³ may be anywhere on the ring system, and are not limited to the particular ring where they are located in the structural depiction While not intending to be limiting, examples of stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms include hydrocarbyl, including alky!, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl isomers, butyl isomers, and the like, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl, alkoxy, mercaptoalkyl, acyloxy, amino, including NH₂, NH-alkyl, N(alkyl)₂ where the alkyl groups are the same or different, halo, including F, Cl, Br, and I, and CH₂CN, CN, NO₂, OH If a substituent is a salt, for example of a carboxylic acid or an amine, the counterion of said salt, i e the ion that is not covalently bonded to the remainder of the molecule is not counted for the purposes of the number of heavy atoms in a substituent Thus, for example, the salt -CO₂ Na⁺ is a stable substituent consisting of 3 heavy atoms, i e sodium is not counted In another example the salt -NH(Me)₂ ⁺CI is a stable substituent consisting of 3 heavy atoms, i e chlorine is not counted In one embodiment, the substituents selected from are methyl, ethyl, propyl isomers F, Cl, Br, I, OCH3, NH₂, N(CH₃^ and combinations thereof In another embodiment substituents are selected from CH3, ethyl, f-butyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, OCH3, NHMe, NMβ2, Br, Cl, F, phenyl, and combinations thereof In another embodiment A is unsubstituted Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

wherein R¹, R², and R³ are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3 Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

wherein R¹, R², and R³ are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

wherein R¹ and R² are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof, and n is 0, 1 , 2, or 3 Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

Another embodiment is a compound having the formula

Biological Data Receptor Selection and Amplification Technology (RSAT) assay The RSAT assay measures a receptor-mediated loss of contact inhibition that results in selective proliferation of receptor-containing cells in a mixed population of confluent cells The increase in cell number is assessed with an appropriate transfected marker gene such as D-galactosidase, the activity of which can be easily measured in a 96-well format Receptors that activate the G protein, Gq, elicit this response Alpha2 receptors, which normally couple to Gi, activate the RSAT response when coexpressed with a hybrid Gq protein that has a Gi receptor recognition domain, called Gq/ι5. NIH-3T3 cells are plated at a density of 2x106 cells in 15 cm dishes and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% calf serum One day later, cells are cotransfected by calcium phosphate precipitation with mammalian expression plasmids encoding p-SV-β-galactosidase (5-10 μg), receptor (1-2 μg) and G protein (1 2 μg) 40 μg salmon sperm DNA may also be included in the transfection mixture Fresh media is added on the following day and 1-2 days later, cells are harvested and frozen in 50 assay aliquots Cells are thawed and 100 μ I added to 100 μ I ahquots of various concentrations of drugs in triplicate in 96-well dishes Incubations continue 72-96 hr at 37 ⁰C After washing with phosphate-buffered saline, β-galactosidase enzyme activity is determined by adding 200 μ I of the chromogenic substrate (consisting of 35 mM o- nrtrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranosιde and 05% nonidet P-40 in phosphate buffered saline), incubating overnight at 30⁰C and measuring optical density at 420 nm The absorbance is a measure of enzyme activity, which depends on cell number and reflects a receptor-mediated cell proliferation The efficacy or intrinsic activity is calculated as a ratio of the maximal effect of the drug to the maximal effect of a standard full agonist for each receptor subtype Bnmonidine, also called UK14304, the chemical structure of which is shown below, is used as the standard agonist for the alphas, alpha2β and alpha2c receptors The EC50 is the concentration at which the drug effect is half of its maximal effect

The results of the RSAT assay with several exemplary compounds of the invention are disclosed in Table 1 above together with the chemical formulas of these exemplary compounds EC50 values are nanomolar NA stands for "not active" at concentrations less than 10 micromolar IA stands for "intrinsic activity "

Table 1

Compounds H5-H22 are hypothetical examples of compounds that are useful as disclosed herein.

Synthetic Methods Scheme I

In these schemes the structural depiction.

is intended to indicate that there is one nitrogen in the aromatic ring, which may be in any position. R¹ is any substituent for quinolinyl described herein The starting material for the aldehydes, formula 1 , can be obtained via methods such as those found in the references listed below Those skilled in the art using an appropriate synthetic approach and method can produce the aldehydes depicted in formula 1. Appropriate methods include use of reductions such as Wolff-Kishner type in conjuction 1 with hydride reduction/elimination methods and subsequent oxidations such as the

2 Swern/Moffat type or use of the Dess-martin periodinane Use of van Leusen's reagent,

3 methylated-TosMIC (see. van Leusen, A. M.; et al Tetrahedron Lett 3487, 1975 and Alpha-

4 tosylbenzyl isocyaπide, Organic Syntheses, Hart, D. J. Ed. by Sisko, J. et al. 198 (77) 1999

5 and Home et al Heterocycles, 139, 39, 1994.) gives the desired methyl imidazole

6 compounds such as those of formula 2.

7

8 For the starting material for general synthetic methods in Scheme I see procedures and

9 references found in the following items.

10

11 Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinolin-7-ylmethyl)-1 ,3-dihydro-

12 imidazole-2-thione as specific alpha2B adrenergic receptor agonist, and methods of

13 using the same. Heidelbaugh, Todd M., Chow, Ken, Nguyen, Phong; Gil, Daniel; Donello,

14 John E. US 2005075366 A1

15 UJ ethyl 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιn-8-yl)acetate

16

17 Bicyclic alpha-amino acids. IV: Synthesis of 3-(1 -tetralinyl)- and 3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-

18 5-quinolinyl)alanine. Reimann, Eberhard; Dammertz, Archiv der Pharmazie (1983), 316(4),

19 297-302.

20 S^ 2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιn-5-yl)acetaldehyde

21

22 A new method for introducing a carbalkoxymethyl group into pyridocycloalkanones.

23 Wu, Edwin S. C; Kover, Alexander Synthetic Communications (1994), 24(2), 273-8.

24 ^«-J^J ^o-v methyl 2-(5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroιsoquιnolιn-6-yl)acetate

25

26 Preparation of novel fused pyridazine compounds as anti-allergic and anti-

27 inflammatory agents. Bantick, John, Hirst, Simon; Perry, Matthew (1997) WO 9745428

28 A1

29 ^KJ <κ methyl 2-(8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroιsoquιnolιn-7-yl)acetate

30

31 7-lsoquinolineacetic acid derivatives. Chorvat, Robert J., Pappo, Raphael. (1976), US

32 3991061 Application: US 75-596509

33 -o-^J^^A^ ^OH 2-(3-methoxy-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroιsoquιnolιn-7-yl)acetιc acid

34

35

36 Preparation of fused pyridines as antidiabetics. Ge, Mm; Yang, Lihu; Zhou, Changyou,

37 Lm, Songnian; Cline, Eric Dean. WO 2006083612 A1 i Ph-^o^^^ ethyl 2-(3-(benzyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιn-8-yl)acetate

2

3 Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 8-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolines.

4 Uenishi, Junichi; Hamada, Masahiro. Synthesis (2002), (5), 625-630.

5 6

7 Preparation of novel fused pyridazine compounds as anti-allergic and anti-

8 inflammatory agents. Bantick, John; Hirst, Simon; Perry, Matthew WO 9745428 A1

9 K₁KJ ^o _v methyl 2-(8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιn-7-yl)acetate

10 11

12 Synthesis of functionalized quinoline derivatives by annulation of pyridines. Ghera, Journal of Organic Chemistry (^981) 46(10),

16

17 i s 7,8-dihydro-5(6H)quinolones. Potential intermediates for the synthesis of

19 Pumiliotoxin C. Bennett, Gregory B.; Minor, Harold Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry0 (1979), 16(4), 633-5. 1 ^Λr^ ethyl 2-(2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιn-5-yl)acetate 2 3 4 Scheme Il

formula 2

5

6 7 8 The aldehydes of formula 3 can be obtained via methods such as those found in9 the references listed below or by the general route outlined above. Addition of 4-ιodo-5-0 methyl-1 -trιtyl-1 H-imidazole is accomplished through metallation-addition chemistry by use of1 ethylmagnesium bromide or a butyllithium such as nBuLi, sBuLi or tBuLi. 4-lodo-5-methyl-1-2 trιtyl-1 H-imidazole metallation may require protection of the 2-posιtιon (eg. the TBS group) 1 The alcohol of formula 4 is converted to the desired compound of formula 2 by appropriate

2 oxidation and R-addition (such as alkyl Grignards) or a deoxygenation protocol such as

3 hydrogenolysis, elimination/reduction protocol (MsCI/NEfe, followed by treatment with TFA

4 and hydrogenation H₂ mediated by R or Pd catalysis) or other direct deoxygenation

5 methods known to those skilled in the art

6

7 For the aldehydes of formula 3 see procedures and references found in the following items

8

9 Preparation of A-form crystals of tetrahydroquinoline derivative and their medical

10 compositions and pharmaceuticals. Sugimoto, Yuichi, Miyazoe, Hiroshi, Tsujita,

11 Tomohiro JP 2006241096 A2

12 OR ethyl 8-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιne-6-carboxylate

13

14 A formal synthesis of (+)-Huperzine A. Haudrechy, Arnaud, Chassaing, Christophe,

15 Riche Claude, Langlois, Yves Tetrahedron 2000, 56 (20), 3181

16

17 Preparation of methyl 2-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-6-Oxo-1 ,6-Dihydropyridiπe-3-

18 Carboxylate. Feng, Song, He, Xuchang, Yu, Gengli, Yu, Xia, Bai, Donglu Organic

19 Preparations and Procedures International (2004), 36(2), 129-133

-°γ°

20 -(A-¹^ methyl 2-methoxy-6-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιne-5-carboxylate

21

22 Syntheses of polycyclic ring systems based on the new generation of o-

23 quinodimethanes. Ito, Yoshihiko, Nakatsuka, Masashi, Saegusa, Takeo Journal of the

24 American Chemical Society 1982, 104(26), 7609-22

25 Ok-^J methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquιnolιne-7-carboxylate

26

27 Nonsteroidal inflammation inhibitor. 3. Substituted azatetralin- and azaindaπ

28 carboxylic acids with antiinflammatory action. Schroeder,

31

32 Synthesis of 1 -azadeazaberbine. Klar, H , Zymalkowski, F Archiv der Pharmazie 1974,

33 307(8), 577-84

34 ¹O¹^J 5,6,7,8 tetrahydroquιnolιne-7-carboxylιc acid

35 36

37 Scheme III

The tetrahydroquinohnes of formula 5, can be obtained commercially or synthesized by various methods including hydrogenation of a quinoline in the presence of TFA or other suitable solvent system Deprotonation is accomplished through use of butyl lithium such as nBuLi followed by addition of 1 -(5-methyl-1 -trιtyl-1 H-ιmιdazol-4-yl)ethanone or 5-methyl-1 - trιtyl-1 H-ιmιdazole-4-carbaldehyde The alcohol of formula 6 is converted to the desired compound of formula 2 by appropriate oxidation and/or R-addition (such as alkyl Grignards) or a deoxygenation protocol such as elimination/reduction protocol (MsCI/NEt3, followed by treatment with TFA and hydrogenation) or other direct deoxygenation methods known to those skilled in the art

Preparation of (+)-7-(5-Methyl-1 H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline (8)

KOH,

trap

1 8-Benzylidene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline (2): A solution of 5,6,7,8-

2 tetrahydroquinoline (182 g, 137 mmol), benzaldehyde (177 g, 166 mmol), and acetic

3 anhydride (245 mL, 254 mmol) was heated at 165⁰C for 16 h The reaction mixture was

4 cooled to room temperature (rt) Crushed ice was added, and the mixture was slowly

5 basified with NaOH (solid and 2 M NaOH) to pH - 7 The aqueous layer was extracted with

6 hexane/ethyl acetate (1 1 solution) 3 times The pooled organic layers were dried over

7 magnesium sulfate The mixture was filtered, and the solvents were removed under vacuum

8 to give 8-benzylιdene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quιnolιne (2) as a brown solid

9 6,7-Dlhydro-5H-quinolin-8-one (3): A solution of (2) in dichoromethane (100 mL)

10 and methanol (500 mL) was cooled to - 78⁰C and charged with ozone/oxygen (3 psi, 1 5

11 ampere) The dark brown solution turned yellow after several hours When (2) was

12 consumed (TLC), ozone/oxygen flow was stopped The reaction mixture was purged with

13 nitrogen for 10 m Methyl sulfide (6 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 m at

14 O ⁰C The solvents were removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in 1 N HCI

15 (500 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (4 x 150 mL) The aqueous layer was basified to pH

16 ~ 7 with NaOH (s), and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL) The pooled ethyl acetate

17 layers were dried over magnesium sulfate The mixture was filtered and the solvent was

18 removed under vacuum The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel with 90%

19 EtOAc 10% hexane to give 67-Dιhydro-5H-quιnolιn-8-one (3) as a solid The aqueous layer

20 was extracted with chloroform/isopropanol (3 1 ) several times The pooled

21 chloroform/isopropanol layers were dried over magnesium sulfate The mixture was filtered

22 and the solvents were removed under vacuum to give (3) The combined weight of (3) was

23 179 g (122 mmol, 89% over 2 steps)

24 (E)-7-((5-Methyl-1 H-ιmidazol-4-yl)methylene)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-one (4):

25 A solution of (3) (0990 g, 673 mmol) and 5-mβthyl-1 H-ιmιdazole-4-carbaldehyde (0890 g,

26 805 mmol) in 40% sulfuric acid (10 mL) was heated at 110⁰C for 16 h The reaction was

27 cooled to rt Crushed ice was added and the mixture was stirred vigorously, while NaOH(s)

28 was added carefully At pH ~ 6 the product precipitated from solution The mixture was

29 stirred for 30 m at room temperature, and filtered to isolate (E)-7-((5-Methyl-1 H-ιmιdazol-4-

30 yl)methylene)-6,7-dιhydroquιnolιn-8(5H)-one (4) as a yellow solid, 1 39 gram (581 mmol,

31 86% yield)

32 7-((5-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-6,7-dihydroquinolin-8(5H)-one (5): A

33 mixture of (4) (1 39 g, 581 mmol) and Pd/BaSO4 (5 wt%, 047 g) in methanol and chloroform

34 was hydrogenated at 50 psi for one hour The reaction mixture was filtered through a bed of 1 Celite, and washed with methanol The solvents were removed under vacuum The crude

2 product was purified by chromatography on silica gel with 2 to 3% ammonia saturated

3 methanol in dichloromethane to give 7-((5-Methyl-1 H-ιmιdazol-4-yl)methyl)-6,7-

4 dιhydroquιnolιn-8(5H)-one (5) as a yellow oil (O 830 g, 344 mmol, 59% yield) s 7-((5-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolιne (6): A

6 mixture of (5) (083 g, 344 mmol), potassium hydroxide (0782 g, 13 9 mmol), and hydrazine

7 hydrate (077 mL, 247 mmol) in ethylene glycol (20 mL) was heated at 120⁰C in an

8 apparatus fitted with a Dean Stark trap for 1 h, and at 180⁰C for 4 hours The reaction was

9 cooled to rt, and diluted with water The aqueous medium was extracted three times with0 chloroform/isopropanol (3 1 , 200 mL) The pooled organic layers were dried over 1 magnesium sulfate The mixture was filtered and the solvents were removed under vacuum2 The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel with 2 to 3% ammonia saturated3 methanol in dichloromethane to give 7-(5 methyl-1 H-ιmιdazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4 quιnolιne (6) as afoam (0544 g, 240 mmol, 70% yield) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃) δs 8 30 (d, J = 3 90 Hz, 1H), 743 (s, 1H), 737 (d, J= 750 Hz, 1H) 703 (dd, J= 750, 480 Hz,6 1H), 299-2 91 (m, 1H), 284-276 (m, 2H), 270-250 (m, 3H), 224-2 14 (m, 1H), 2 15 (s,7 3H), 204-1 96 (m, 1H) 1 54-1 40 (m, 1H) 8 Compound (6) was separated by chiral HPLC CHIRALCEL® OD with 85% hexane9 and 15% ethanol at rt The (+)-7-(5-methyl-1H-ιmιdazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-0 quinoline (8) corresponding to the second eluting peak was active in an in vitro assay The (-1 )-7-(5-methyl-1 H-ιmιdazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quιnolιne (7) was the first eluting2 peak, and was inactive Other alternate routes to a wide variety of compounds are readily apparent to those skilled in the art These compounds will be useful for the treatment of mammals, including humans, with a range of conditions and diseases that include, but are not limited to, ischemic neuropathies, optic neuropathy, neuropathic pain, visceral pain, corneal pain, headache pain, migraine, cancer pain, back pain, irritable bowel syndrome pain, muscle pain and pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, other retinal degenerative conditions, cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatry conditions, drug dependence1 and addiction, withdrawal symptoms, spasticity, autism, Huntington's disease, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorders, Tourette's disorder, Parkinson's ALS, and other motor or movement disorders and diseases Other uses include dilation of the pupil, increase blood pressure, treating nasal congestion, and vasoconstriction in ocular tissue. These compounds may be formulated into solid, liquid, or other types of dosage forms using methods known in the art. Both formulation of dosage forms and determination of a therapeutically effective dose can be readily made by a person of ordinary skill using routine methods. EC50 (IA) The foregoing description details specific methods and compositions that can be employed to practice the present invention, and represents the best mode contemplated However, it is apparent for one of ordinary skill in the art that further compounds with the desired pharmacological properties can be prepared in an analogous manner, and that the disclosed compounds can also be obtained from different starting compounds via different chemical reactions. Similarly, different pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared and used with substantially the same result. Thus, however detailed the foregoing may appear in text, it should not be construed as limiting the overall scope hereof; rather, the ambit of the present invention is to be governed only by the lawful construction of the claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A compound of the formula

wherein R is H, CM alkyl, or CF3; A is tetrahydroquinoiinyl having 0, 1 , 2, or 3 stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, 0, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is H.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein said substituents are selected from CH3, ethyl, f-butyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, OCH3, NHMe, NMβ2, Br, Cl, F, phenyl, and combinations thereof.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is unsubstituted.

5. The compound of claim 1 having the formula

wherein R¹, R², and R³ are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from 1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

6. The compound of claim 5 having the formula

7. The compound of claim 1 having the formula

wherein R¹, R², and R³ are independently hydrogen or stable substituents consisting of from

1 to 8 heavy atoms and any required hydrogen atoms, said heavy atoms being selected from C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and any combination thereof; and n is 0, 1 , 2, or 3.

8. The compound of claim 7 having the formula

8. The compound of claim 7 having the formula

9. The compound of claim 2 selected from:

(+)-7-(5-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline, and (-)-7-(5-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinoline.

10. The compound according to any one of claims 1 , 3, 5, and 7 wherein R is methyl.

11. The compound according to any one of claims 1 , 3, 5, and 7 wherein R is ethyl.

12. The compound according to any one of claims 1 , 3, 5, and 7 wherein R is CF₃.

13. A method comprising administering a compound according to any one of claims 1-12 to a patient in need thereof for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

14. A method comprising administering a compound according to any one of claims 1-12 to a patient in need thereof for the treatment of pain.

15. A method comprising administering a compound according to any one of claims 1 -12 to a patient in need thereof for the treatment of nasal congestion.