WO2008087493A1 - Positively charged water-soluble prodrugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds with very high skin penetration rates - Google Patents

Positively charged water-soluble prodrugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds with very high skin penetration rates Download PDF

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WO2008087493A1
WO2008087493A1 PCT/IB2007/050122 IB2007050122W WO2008087493A1 WO 2008087493 A1 WO2008087493 A1 WO 2008087493A1 IB 2007050122 W IB2007050122 W IB 2007050122W WO 2008087493 A1 WO2008087493 A1 WO 2008087493A1
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cor
alkyl
alkyloxy
alkeny
alkyny
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PCT/IB2007/050122
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French (fr)
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Chongxi Yu
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Chongxi Yu
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Priority to CN201811258640.7A priority Critical patent/CN109503446B/en
Priority to CA2972344A priority patent/CA2972344C/en
Application filed by Chongxi Yu filed Critical Chongxi Yu
Priority to DK07700593.2T priority patent/DK2125697T3/en
Priority to HUE07700593A priority patent/HUE031712T2/en
Priority to EP16190916.3A priority patent/EP3181132A1/en
Priority to PT77005932T priority patent/PT2125697T/en
Priority to CA2674822A priority patent/CA2674822C/en
Priority to ES07700593.2T priority patent/ES2596857T3/en
Priority to CN201710903106.6A priority patent/CN107652212B/en
Priority to CN202110941855.4A priority patent/CN113636966B/en
Priority to CN200780049882.9A priority patent/CN101605754B/en
Priority to EP07700593.2A priority patent/EP2125697B1/en
Priority to JP2009545245A priority patent/JP5826459B2/en
Priority to PL07700593T priority patent/PL2125697T3/en
Priority to CN202311850135.2A priority patent/CN117986173A/en
Priority to PCT/IB2007/050122 priority patent/WO2008087493A1/en
Publication of WO2008087493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008087493A1/en
Priority to US12/503,739 priority patent/US9193672B2/en
Priority to HK10100926.7A priority patent/HK1137413A1/en
Priority to US14/877,788 priority patent/US20160184253A1/en
Priority to HK16111137.3A priority patent/HK1222842A1/en
Priority to US15/356,988 priority patent/US20170072060A1/en
Priority to US16/299,560 priority patent/US11786497B2/en
Priority to US18/488,616 priority patent/US20240156770A1/en

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    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
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    • C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C219/10—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the hydroxy groups esterified by a carboxylic acid having the esterifying carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a carbon skeleton containing rings
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    • C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C219/14—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the hydroxy groups esterified by a carboxylic acid having the esterifying carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/10—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparations of positively charged and water- soluble pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds and their medicinal use in treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. More specifically, the present invention is to enable quick skin penetration of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds
  • Retinoids are a class of compounds consisting of four isoprenoid units joined in a head to tail manner.
  • the retinoids include all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin), cis- isomeric retinoic acids, e.g., 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) , 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin), vitamin A (retinol), 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamet hyl- 2-naphthalenyl) ethenyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene, Targretin ®), retinal, retiferol, (E,E,E)-7-(2-n-propoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-3-yl)-6-fluo ro-3-methylocta-2,4,6
  • the retinoids are essential for many of life's processes including vision, reproduction, metabolism, differentiation, bone development, and pattern formation during embryogenesis.
  • Vitamin A (retinol) and retinal are in chemical equilibrium in the body and have equivalent antixe- rophthalmic acitivity.
  • Retinol combines with opsin, the rod pigment in the retina, to form rhodopsin, which is necessary for visual adaptation to darkness.
  • Vitamin A deficiency is characterized by nyctalopia, keratomalacia, keratinization and drying of skin, lowered resistance to infection, retardation of growth, thickening of bone, d iminished production of cortical steroids, and fetal malformations (PDR Generics, 1996, second edition, Medical Economics, Montvale, New Jersey, pg 3094).
  • Topical tretinoin all-trans-retinoic acid
  • Tretinoin is indicated for topical application in the treatment of acne vulgaris, photoaging, hyper- pigmented macules (liver spot) and premature wrinkles, drug-induced photosensitivity, psoriasis, epidermal wound healing, xerophthalmia, keloids, hyperkeratotic skin disease (PDR Generics, 1996, second edition, Medical Economics, Montvale, New Jersey, pg 2981). Isotretinoin inhibits sebaceous gland function and keratinization.
  • Isotretinoin is indicated for the treatment of severe recalcitrant cystic acne, basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Darier's disease, lamellar ichthyosis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, herpes simplex infections, Grover's disease, lichen planus, refractory rosacea, keratosis palmaris et plantaris, leukoplakia, squamous cell skin cancer, and xeroderma pigmentosum.
  • mycosis fungoides cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  • Darier's disease lamellar ichthyosis
  • pityriasis rubra pilaris herpes simplex infections
  • Grover's disease lichen planus
  • refractory rosacea keratosis palmaris et plantaris
  • leukoplakia
  • Alitretinoin (9-cw-retinoic acid) is a naturally-occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RAR, RAR, RAR, RXR, RXR , and RXR). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells.
  • Alitretinoin inhibits the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells in vitro. Alitretinoin is used for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma and myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Retiferol derivatives are used for the treatment of hy- perproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinomas, disorders of keratinization and keratosis, neoplastic diseases, disorders of the sebaceous glands such as acne and seborrhoic dermatitis, the conditions associated with photodamage, the skin damaged through sun exposure, the effects of wrinkling, elastosis and premature ageing (Hilpert , et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6437142 ).
  • Adapalene is used for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
  • Acyclic retiniods are used for prevention of second primary tumors (Yasutoshi Muto, et al., the New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 1046 (1999)).
  • (E,E,E)-7-(2-n-propoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-3-yl )-6-fluoro-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid may be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders (Deng T, et al., Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28(7), 1192, 2005).
  • Targretin® oral formulation is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), head and neck carcinoma, systemic Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell cancer.
  • CTCL cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  • Topical Targretin is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • Topical drug delivery has several advantages. This method helps to avoid inactivation of a drug caused by first pass metabolism in the liver and gastro-intestinal tract. It can provide local delivery of appropriate concentrations of a drug to the intended site of action without systemic exposure.
  • Fishman (Fishman; Robert, U.S. Pat. No. 7,052,715) indicated that an additional problem associated with oral medications, is that the concentration levels which must be achieved in the bloodstream must be significant in order to effectively treat distal areas of pain or inflammation. These levels are often much higher than would be necessary if it were possible to accurately target the particular site of pain or injury. Yeager tried to use penetration enhancer to deliver PGE for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (Yeager, James L.
  • Retinoids and retinoid-like compounds are used to treat a variety of health conditions including acne, photoaging, psoriasis, ichthyosis, hair loss, and various cancers.
  • retinoids and retinoid-like compounds are too lipophilic and practically insoluble in water.
  • the membranes are bilayers, with the hydrophilic head groups facing outward into the aqueous regions on either side.
  • Retinoids can enter the lipophilic membrane, but they will stay in the lipophilic layer as part of the membrane due to their similarities and cannot efficiently enter the cytosol on the inside of cell.
  • retinoids are extremely sensitive to UV light, air, and oxidizing agents. After topical application of retinoids, they enter the membrane, but do not go into the inside of a cell.
  • the sunlight, air, or oxidizing agent will induce retinoids' chemical reactions and cause skin redness, burning sensation, peeling, cracking, blistering, or itching.
  • the first pass metabolism which refers to the chemical breakdown of compounds in the liver and gastro-intestinal tract, can destroy and inactivate them in a few minutes. Oral administration of retinoids creates unnecessary systemic exposure and causes many side effects.
  • This invention relates to the design and preparation of novel positively charged pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds and their medicinal use.
  • the prodrugs of 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) , all- trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) , vitamin A (retinol), retiferol, adapalene, acyclic retiniod, and retinoid-like compounds have the general formula (1 to 27) 'Structure 1 to 27':
  • X represents O, S, or NH;
  • X 1 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 4 COR
  • X 2 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R , COR , COOR , NR 4 COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
  • X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C
  • X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C per-
  • X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C
  • X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ',
  • R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR 6, 5 NR 6 COR 4, 5 SOR 6, 5 SR 6, 5 PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', 5 SOR 6 5 5 SR 6 5 5 C 1-6 alky " 7 l, 5 CI-O alky J loxy J ,' C 1-6 p ⁇ er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5
  • R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ',
  • R 9 and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy,
  • 6 6 10 10 taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
  • (CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
  • the goal of this invention is to make retinoinds and related compounds ad- ministrable transdermally (topical application) by increasing their solubility in the moisture available on the skin surface and their penetration rate through the membrane and skin barrier.
  • These novel pro-drugs of retinoids and related compounds have two structural features in common: they have a lipophilic portion and a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group that exists in the protonated form (hydrophilic part) at physiological pH. Such a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is required for efficient passage through the membrane barrier [Susan Milosovich, et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 227(1993)].
  • the positively charged amino groups largely increase the solubility of the drugs in water.
  • the lowest or rate-limiting step in the sequence is the dissolution of the drug.
  • Retinoids and related compounds have a very low solubility in the moisture available on the skin surface, and they will not pass across the barrier of skin in a molecular form efficiently. When they enter the membranes of the skin, they will stay there as part of the membrane due to their similarities and cannot efficiently enter the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension on the inside of the cell.
  • a dosage form such as a solution, spray, lotion, ointment, emulsion or gel, they will dissolve in the moisture available on the skin surface immediately.
  • the positive charge on the amino groups of these pro-drugs will bond to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of a membrane.
  • the local concentration of the outside of the membrane will be very high and will facilitate the passage of these pro-drugs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
  • the hydrophilic part will push the pro-drug into the cytosol. Due to the short stay outside the membranes of the skin, the pro-drugs will not cause burning, pain, itching, or swelling of the skin and the skin will be not sensitive to sun light.
  • the penetration rates of these prodrugs through human skin were measured in vitro by using modified Franz cells, which were isolated from human skin tissue (360-400 ⁇ m thick) of the anterior and posterior thigh areas.
  • the receiving fluid consisted of 2 ml of 2% bovine serum albumin in normal saline and was stirred at 600 rpm.
  • the cumulative amounts of these prodrugs and their parent drugs penetrating the skin versus time were determined by a specific high-performance liquid chromatography method.
  • the results using a donor consisting of either a 5% solution of some of the prodrugs of retinoids or a 5% suspension of retinoids in 0.2mL of the mixture of ethanol and pH 7.4-phosphate buffer (0.2M) (v/v, 70/30) are shown in Figure 1.
  • N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr, N,N-diethylaminoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr, retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl, N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl.
  • a good prodrug should change back to the parent drug easily.
  • In vitro plasma hydrolysis studies were carried out as the following. 10 mg of the prodrug was dissolved in 0.1 ml of 0.2M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. 1 ml of human plasma, preheated to 37°C, was added into the mixture. The mixture was kept in a water bath at 37°C. At every 2 min intervals, 0.2 ml of samples were withdrawn and added to 0.4 ml of methanol to precipitate the plasma protein. The samples were centrifuged for 5 min and analyzed by HPLC. The half lives of hydrolysis are 10 min+/-l min.
  • N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr 8 min+/-2 min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr, 9 min+/-l min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl all- trans-retinoate.HBr, 13 min+/-2 min. for retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl, and 11 min.+/-2 min.
  • Targretin® (bexarotene) selectively activates a subclass of retinoid receptors called
  • Targretin® is being developed by Ligand in both topical and oral formulations.
  • Topical Targretin is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • CTCL cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  • Targretin oral formulation is used for the treatment of CTCL , head and neck carcinoma, systemic Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell cancer.
  • Alitretinoin (9-cw-retinoic acid) is a naturally-occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARa , RARb , RARg , RXRa , RXRb and RXRg ). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells.
  • Al- itretinoid is used for treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma, AI DS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma , other skin cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers.
  • mice that were given the drug did not show any discomfort or irritative effect.
  • the average weight of the treated group is 25+2 grams and that of the control group is 23+3 grams. The results show that these prodrugs have very mild side effects.
  • the retinoids are all commercially available.
  • the compounds of the general formula (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27 ) 'Structure 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27' indicated above can be prepared from retinoic acids or related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula ( 28 ) 'Structure 28 ' by using coupling reagents, such as N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O- (Benzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (Benzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol-
  • X represents O, S, or NH.
  • R 1 and R2 taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
  • Z represents F, Cl, Br,
  • a " represents Cl “ , Br “ , F “ , I “ , AcO “ , citrate, or any negative ions.
  • 'Structure 1 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27' indicated above can be prepared from metal salts, organic base salts , or immobilized base salts of retinoic acids or related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (30) 'Structure 30'.
  • 6 6 1 2 are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
  • Z represents F, Cl, Br,
  • a " represents Cl “ , Br “ , F “ , I “ , AcO , citrate, or any negative ions.
  • pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds in the present invention have a lipophilic portion and a hydrophilic portion (the amine groups that exist in the protonated form at physiological pH.
  • the positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs have two major advantages. First, it largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water; when these new pro-drugs are administered transdermally in a dosage form such as a solution, spray, lotion, ointment, emulsion or gel , they will mix with moisture on the skin, eye, genital area, mouth, nose, or other part of the body immediately. Second, the positive charge on the amino group of these pro-drugs will bond to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of the membrane.
  • the local concentration outside of the membrane will be very high and will facilitate the passage of these pro-drugs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
  • the hydrophilic part will push the pro-drugs into the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension. Due to the short stay on the skin, eye, genital area, mouth, nose, or other part of the body, the pro-drugs will not cause itching, burning or pain .
  • Experiment results show that more than 90% of the pro-drugs were changed back to the parent drugs in a few minutes.
  • the pro-drugs have a much better absorption rate and as transdermal administration avoids the first pass metabolism , the pro-drugs will be stronger than retinoids and retinoid-like compounds at the same dosage. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
  • Figure 1 Cumulative amounts of N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, A), N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, B), N,N-diethylarninoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, C), retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-arninoacetate.HCl (5% solution, D), N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl (5% solution, E), 9-cis-retinoic acid (5% suspention, F), 13-cis-retinoic acid (5% suspention, G ), all-trans-retinoic acid (5% suspention, H ),
  • R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
  • R 3 represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or aryl and heteroaryl residues;
  • R 4 represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or aryl and heteroaryl residues;
  • X represents O,
  • All R, R , R , R 3 , or -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains and may include C, H, O, S, or N atoms and may have single, double, and triple bonds.
  • 2-naphthalenyl) ethenyl] benzoic acid (bexarotene, Targretin ®) was dissolved in 300 ml of chloroform. 20.6 g of N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was added into the reaction mixture. 11.6 g of dimethylaminoethanol was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at RT. The solid was removed by filtration. The chloroform solution was washed with 5% NaHCO (2 x 100 ml) and water (3 x 100 ml). The organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Sodium sulfate was removed by filtration.
  • the pro-drugs of the general formula (1-27) 'Structure 1-27' are superior to retinoids and retinoid-like compounds. They can be used medicinally in treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. They may be used for the treatment of acne, acne scarring, psoriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratinization disorders, precancerous lesions, chemoprophylaxis, warts, sarcoidosis, treating photoaged skin, preventing photoaged skin, treating chronologically aged skin, hair loss, and various cancers.

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Abstract

The novel positively charged pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds in the general formula (31) 'Structure 31' were designed and synthesized. The compounds of the general formula (31) 'Structure 31' indicated above can be prepared from retinoic acids and related compounds, by reaction with suitable alcohols, thiols, or amines and coupling reagents, such as N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O- (Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol- 1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs not only largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water, but also bonds to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of membranes. This bonding will disturb the membrane a little bit and may make some room for the lipophilic portion of the prodrug. When the molecules of membrane move, the membrane may 'crack' a little bit due to the bonding of the prodrug. This will let the prodrug insert into the membrane. At pH 7.4, only about 99% of amino group is protonated. When the amino group is not protonated, the bonding between the amino group of the prodrug and the phosphate head group of membrane will disassociate, and the prodrug will enter the membrane completely. When the amino group of the prodrug flips to the other side of the membrane and thus become protonated, then the prodrug is pulled into the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension. The results suggest that the pro-drugs diffuse through human skin -350 times faster than do retinoids and retinoid-like compounds. In plasma, more than 90% of these pro-drugs can change back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The prodrugs can be used medicinally in treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. The prodrugs can be administered transdermally for any kind of medical treatments and avoid most of the side effects of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds. Controlled transdermal administration systems of the prodrug enables retinoids and retinoid-like compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.

Description

Description
POSITIVELY CHARGED WATER-SOLUBLE PRODRUGS OF RETINOIDS AND RETINOID-LIKE COMPOUNDS WITH VERY
HIGH SKIN PENETRATION RATES
Technical Field
[1] The present invention relates to the preparations of positively charged and water- soluble pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds and their medicinal use in treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. More specifically, the present invention is to enable quick skin penetration of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds
Background Art
[2] Retinoids are a class of compounds consisting of four isoprenoid units joined in a head to tail manner. The retinoids include all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin), cis- isomeric retinoic acids, e.g., 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) , 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin), vitamin A (retinol), 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamet hyl- 2-naphthalenyl) ethenyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene, Targretin ®), retinal, retiferol, (E,E,E)-7-(2-n-propoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-3-yl)-6-fluo ro-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid, adapalene (6-[3-(l-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl] - 2-naphthoic acid), acyclic retiniod [(2E, 4E, 6E, 10E)-3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethy-2,4,6, 10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid] , ethyl(E,E,E)-7-(2-n-propoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen- 3-yl)-6-fluoro-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoate, and their derivatives, both natural and synthetic. Various synthetic retinoids and retinoid-like compounds having retinoid activity are described in various patents ( U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,648,563; 5,648,385; 5,618,839; 5,559,248; 5,616,712; 5,616,597; 5,602,135; 5,599,819; 5,556,996; 5,534,516; 5,516,904; 5,498,755; 5,470,999; 5,468,879; 5,455,265; 5,451,605; 5,426,118; 5,407,937; 5,399,586; 5,399,561; 5,391,753 ). The retinoids are essential for many of life's processes including vision, reproduction, metabolism, differentiation, bone development, and pattern formation during embryogenesis. Vitamin A (retinol) and retinal are in chemical equilibrium in the body and have equivalent antixe- rophthalmic acitivity. Retinol combines with opsin, the rod pigment in the retina, to form rhodopsin, which is necessary for visual adaptation to darkness. Vitamin A deficiency is characterized by nyctalopia, keratomalacia, keratinization and drying of skin, lowered resistance to infection, retardation of growth, thickening of bone, d iminished production of cortical steroids, and fetal malformations (PDR Generics, 1996, second edition, Medical Economics, Montvale, New Jersey, pg 3094). Topical tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells with decreased microcomedo formation and stimulates mitotic activity increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells causing extrusion of the comedones. Tretinoin is indicated for topical application in the treatment of acne vulgaris, photoaging, hyper- pigmented macules (liver spot) and premature wrinkles, drug-induced photosensitivity, psoriasis, epidermal wound healing, xerophthalmia, keloids, hyperkeratotic skin disease (PDR Generics, 1996, second edition, Medical Economics, Montvale, New Jersey, pg 2981). Isotretinoin inhibits sebaceous gland function and keratinization. Isotretinoin is indicated for the treatment of severe recalcitrant cystic acne, basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Darier's disease, lamellar ichthyosis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, herpes simplex infections, Grover's disease, lichen planus, refractory rosacea, keratosis palmaris et plantaris, leukoplakia, squamous cell skin cancer, and xeroderma pigmentosum. Alitretinoin (9-cw-retinoic acid) is a naturally-occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RAR, RAR, RAR, RXR, RXR , and RXR). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells. Alitretinoin inhibits the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells in vitro. Alitretinoin is used for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Retiferol derivatives are used for the treatment of hy- perproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinomas, disorders of keratinization and keratosis, neoplastic diseases, disorders of the sebaceous glands such as acne and seborrhoic dermatitis, the conditions associated with photodamage, the skin damaged through sun exposure, the effects of wrinkling, elastosis and premature ageing (Hilpert , et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6437142 ). Adapalene is used for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Acyclic retiniods are used for prevention of second primary tumors (Yasutoshi Muto, et al., the New England Journal of Medicine, 340, 1046 (1999)).(E,E,E)-7-(2-n-propoxy-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-3-yl )-6-fluoro-3-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoic acid may be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders (Deng T, et al., Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28(7), 1192, 2005). Targretin® oral formulation is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), head and neck carcinoma, systemic Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell cancer. Topical Targretin is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
[3] One alternative method of administering drugs is topical delivery. Topical drug delivery has several advantages. This method helps to avoid inactivation of a drug caused by first pass metabolism in the liver and gastro-intestinal tract. It can provide local delivery of appropriate concentrations of a drug to the intended site of action without systemic exposure. Fishman (Fishman; Robert, U.S. Pat. No. 7,052,715) indicated that an additional problem associated with oral medications, is that the concentration levels which must be achieved in the bloodstream must be significant in order to effectively treat distal areas of pain or inflammation. These levels are often much higher than would be necessary if it were possible to accurately target the particular site of pain or injury. Yeager tried to use penetration enhancer to deliver PGE for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (Yeager, James L. U.S. Pat. No. 6,693,135) . Susan Milosovich, et al designed and prepared testosteronyl- 4-dimethylaminobutyrate.HCl (TSBH), which has a lipophilic portion and a tertiary amine group that exists in the protonated form at physiological pH. They found that the prodrug (TSBH) diffuses through human skin -60 times faster than does the drug (TS) itself [Susan Milosovich, et al., J. Pharm. ScL, 82, 227(1993)]. Disclosure of Invention
Technical Problem
[4] Retinoids and retinoid-like compounds are used to treat a variety of health conditions including acne, photoaging, psoriasis, ichthyosis, hair loss, and various cancers.
[5] Unfortunately, retinoids and retinoid-like compounds are too lipophilic and practically insoluble in water. The membranes are bilayers, with the hydrophilic head groups facing outward into the aqueous regions on either side. Retinoids can enter the lipophilic membrane, but they will stay in the lipophilic layer as part of the membrane due to their similarities and cannot efficiently enter the cytosol on the inside of cell. Owing to their high degree of unsaturation, retinoids are extremely sensitive to UV light, air, and oxidizing agents. After topical application of retinoids, they enter the membrane, but do not go into the inside of a cell. The sunlight, air, or oxidizing agent will induce retinoids' chemical reactions and cause skin redness, burning sensation, peeling, cracking, blistering, or itching. When they are taken orally, the first pass metabolism, which refers to the chemical breakdown of compounds in the liver and gastro-intestinal tract, can destroy and inactivate them in a few minutes. Oral administration of retinoids creates unnecessary systemic exposure and causes many side effects.
Technical Solution
[6] This invention relates to the design and preparation of novel positively charged pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds and their medicinal use. The prodrugs of 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) , all- trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) , vitamin A (retinol), retiferol, adapalene, acyclic retiniod, and retinoid-like compounds have the general formula (1 to 27) 'Structure 1 to 27':
Figure imgf000005_0001
Structure 1
Figure imgf000005_0002
Structure 2
Figure imgf000005_0003
Structure 3
Figure imgf000006_0001
Structure 4
Figure imgf000006_0002
Structure 5
Figure imgf000006_0003
Structure 6
Figure imgf000007_0001
Structure 7
Figure imgf000007_0002
Structure 8
Figure imgf000007_0003
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0002
Figure imgf000008_0003
Figure imgf000009_0001
Structure 15
Figure imgf000010_0001
Structure 16
Figure imgf000010_0002
Structure 17
Figure imgf000010_0003
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000012_0001
Structure 22
Figure imgf000012_0002
Structure 24
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
In structure 1-27, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 1 and R2 taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 3 represents
H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X 1 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 4 COR
, SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 r 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X2 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R , COR , COOR , NR4COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 J 1-6 e fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ',
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6
SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R5 , COR5 , COOR5 , NR6 COR5 , SOR5 , SR5 ,
PO 3R 6R 6',' SOR 5,' SR 5,' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky "7l,5 CI-O alkeny J,' C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR 6,5 NR 6 COR 4,5 SOR 6,5 SR 6,5 PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',5 SOR 65 5 SR 65 5 C 1-6 alky "7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R5, COR5, COOR5, NR6COR5, SOR5, SR5, PO3R6R6', SOR5, SR5, C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR ,
12 2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5
SR 5 PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ',
2 2 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7
SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken
5 5 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any
2 n
CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring
6 6 systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN,5 SO 2 R 5 ,5 COR 5 ,5 COOR 5 ,5 NR 4 COR 5 ,5 SOR 5 ,5 SR 5 ,5 PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',5 SOR 5 ,5 SR 5 ,5 C 1-6 alky Jl,5 C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with
O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 9 and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy,
5 5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -,
1-6 1-6 2 n wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R '
6 6 10 10 taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 4 5 5 5 3 6 6 5 5 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -,
1-6 2 n wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; T represents, CH =C, CH=CH, C(CH )=CH, C≡C, C=O, C=S, CONH, CSNH, COO, OCO, COS,
2 3
COCH , or CH CO; A represents Cl", Br ", F ", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -
1 2 3 4
(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[7] Drug absorption, whether from the gastrointestinal tract or other sites, requires the passage of the drug in a molecular form across the barrier membrane. The drug must first dissolve, and if the drug possesses the desirable biopharmaceutical properties, it will pass from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration across the membrane into the blood or general circulation. All biological membranes contain lipids as major constituents. The molecules that play the dominant roles in membrane formation all have phosphate-containing highly polar head groups, and, in most cases, two highly hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. The membranes are bilayers, with the hy- drophilic head groups facing outward into the aqueous regions on either side. Very hy- drophilic drugs cannot pass the hydrophobic layer of a membrane and very hydrophobic drugs will stay in the hydrophobic layer as part of the membrane due to their similarities and cannot efficiently enter the cytosol on the inside.
[8] The goal of this invention is to make retinoinds and related compounds ad- ministrable transdermally (topical application) by increasing their solubility in the moisture available on the skin surface and their penetration rate through the membrane and skin barrier. These novel pro-drugs of retinoids and related compounds have two structural features in common: they have a lipophilic portion and a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group that exists in the protonated form (hydrophilic part) at physiological pH. Such a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance is required for efficient passage through the membrane barrier [Susan Milosovich, et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 227(1993)]. The positively charged amino groups largely increase the solubility of the drugs in water. In many instances, the lowest or rate-limiting step in the sequence is the dissolution of the drug. Retinoids and related compounds have a very low solubility in the moisture available on the skin surface, and they will not pass across the barrier of skin in a molecular form efficiently. When they enter the membranes of the skin, they will stay there as part of the membrane due to their similarities and cannot efficiently enter the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension on the inside of the cell. When these new pro-drugs are administered transdermally in a dosage form such as a solution, spray, lotion, ointment, emulsion or gel, they will dissolve in the moisture available on the skin surface immediately. The positive charge on the amino groups of these pro-drugs will bond to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of a membrane. Thus, the local concentration of the outside of the membrane will be very high and will facilitate the passage of these pro-drugs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. When these pro-drugs enter the membrane, the hydrophilic part will push the pro-drug into the cytosol. Due to the short stay outside the membranes of the skin, the pro-drugs will not cause burning, pain, itching, or swelling of the skin and the skin will be not sensitive to sun light. The penetration rates of these prodrugs through human skin were measured in vitro by using modified Franz cells, which were isolated from human skin tissue (360-400 μm thick) of the anterior and posterior thigh areas. The receiving fluid consisted of 2 ml of 2% bovine serum albumin in normal saline and was stirred at 600 rpm. The cumulative amounts of these prodrugs and their parent drugs penetrating the skin versus time were determined by a specific high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results using a donor consisting of either a 5% solution of some of the prodrugs of retinoids or a 5% suspension of retinoids in 0.2mL of the mixture of ethanol and pH 7.4-phosphate buffer (0.2M) (v/v, 70/30) are shown in Figure 1. Apparent flux values of 0.72 mg, 0.85 mg, 1.25 mg, 1.21 mg, 0.35 mg, 0.005 mg, 0.005 mg, 0.005 mg, 0.005 mg, and 0.001 mg/cm2/h were calculated for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr, N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr, N,N-diethylaminoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr, retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl, N,N-diethylaminoethyl
4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl, 9-cis-retinoic acid (alitretinoin), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin), vitamin A (retinol), and bexaroten (Targretin®) respectively diffusing through human skin. The pro-drugs diffuse through human skin more than 350 times faster than do retinoids. The results suggest that the positive charge on the di- alkyaminoethyl group has a very important role in the passage of the drug across the membrane and skin barrier. [9] Irritative effect or discomfort in the skin of mice of the novel prodrugs was evaluated during a period of 1 week after the topical application of 0.1 ml of 1 % of the respective test drug in ethanol to the back of nude mice twice perday. None of any signs of irritative effect or discomfort was observed for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr, N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr, N,N-diethylaminoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr, retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl, N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl.
[10] A good prodrug should change back to the parent drug easily. In vitro plasma hydrolysis studies were carried out as the following. 10 mg of the prodrug was dissolved in 0.1 ml of 0.2M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. 1 ml of human plasma, preheated to 37°C, was added into the mixture. The mixture was kept in a water bath at 37°C. At every 2 min intervals, 0.2 ml of samples were withdrawn and added to 0.4 ml of methanol to precipitate the plasma protein. The samples were centrifuged for 5 min and analyzed by HPLC. The half lives of hydrolysis are 10 min+/-l min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr, 8 min+/-2 min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr, 9 min+/-l min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl all- trans-retinoate.HBr, 13 min+/-2 min. for retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl, and 11 min.+/-2 min. for N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl.
[11] Targretin® (bexarotene) selectively activates a subclass of retinoid receptors called
RXRs, which play an important role in several cellular activities. One of the most important of these activities is called programmed cell death, or 'apoptosis', a natural process by which the body rids itself of unwanted cells. Targretin® is being developed by Ligand in both topical and oral formulations. Topical Targretin is used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In addition, Targretin oral formulation is used for the treatment of CTCL , head and neck carcinoma, systemic Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cell cancer. Alitretinoin (9-cw-retinoic acid) is a naturally-occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARa , RARb , RARg , RXRa , RXRb and RXRg ). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells. Al- itretinoid is used for treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma, AI DS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma , other skin cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers.
[12] For evaluation of anti-tumor activity of these prodrugs, human breast cancer cells
(BCAP-37, 3-4 mm of tumor tissue was used in each mouse) were subcutaneous xenografted into nude mice (BALB). After 1 days, 50 μl of 1 % N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate .HBr and N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl in ethanol/0.2M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (v/v, 70/30) was topically applied to the human breast cancer cells-implanted area (near the front leg) twice perday. After 28 days, the control group (n=7) demonstrated 100% incidence (the average tumor size was 13+2 mm x 12+2 cm), but none of tumor was seen in the test groups (n=7) that treated with N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate .HBr or N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl. The most important thing is that mice that were given the drug did not show any discomfort or irritative effect. The average weight of the treated group is 25+2 grams and that of the control group is 23+3 grams. The results show that these prodrugs have very mild side effects.
[13] In another experiment, human colon cancer cells (LS 174 J, 3-4 mm3 of tumor tissue was used in each mouse) were subcutaneous xenografted into nude mice (BALB). After 1 days, 50 μl of 1 % N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr and N,N-diethylaminoethyl
4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl in ethanol/0.2M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (v/v, 70/30) was topically applied to the human colon cancer cells-implanted area (near the front leg) twice perday. After 28 days, the control group (n=7) demonstrated 100% incidence (the average tumor size was 22+4 mm x 20+3 mm), but none of tumor was seen in the test groups (n=7) that treated with N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate .HBr or N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl.
[14] The retinoids are all commercially available. The compounds of the general formula (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27 ) 'Structure 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 , 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27' indicated above can be prepared from retinoic acids or related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula ( 28 ) 'Structure 28 ' by using coupling reagents, such as N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O- (Benzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (Benzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Benzotriazol- l-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al.
/'
R2
Structure 28
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R
6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 1 and R2 taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH.
6 6
[15] The compounds of the general formula (4, 13, 14, 15, 20, or 21) 'Structure 4, 13,
14, 15, 20, or 21 ' indicated above can be prepared from retinol and related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (29) 'Structure 29'.
Figure imgf000019_0001
Structure 29 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., wherein -(CH2) -, any CH2 can be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 1 and R2 taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
2 n wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents
6 6 3
H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; Z represents F, Cl, Br,
6 6 or I; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions.
[16] When X represents O, the compounds of the general formula (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27) 'Structure 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27' indicated above can be prepared from metal salts, organic base salts , or immobilized base salts of retinoic acids or related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (30) 'Structure 30'.
A0 R1
■z ®/
\R^ N — R2
R3
Structure 30 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., wherein -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone
6 6 1 2 are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
2 n wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents
6 6 3
H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; Z represents F, Cl, Br,
6 6
I, or p-toluenesulphonyl, A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions.
Advantageous Effects
[17] These pro-drugs of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds in the present invention have a lipophilic portion and a hydrophilic portion (the amine groups that exist in the protonated form at physiological pH. The positively charged amino groups of these pro-drugs have two major advantages. First, it largely increases the solubility of the drugs in water; when these new pro-drugs are administered transdermally in a dosage form such as a solution, spray, lotion, ointment, emulsion or gel , they will mix with moisture on the skin, eye, genital area, mouth, nose, or other part of the body immediately. Second, the positive charge on the amino group of these pro-drugs will bond to the negative charge on the phosphate head group of the membrane. Thus, the local concentration outside of the membrane will be very high and will facilitate the passage of these pro-drugs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. When these pro-drugs enter the membrane, the hydrophilic part will push the pro-drugs into the cytosol, a semi-liquid concentrated aqueous solution or suspension. Due to the short stay on the skin, eye, genital area, mouth, nose, or other part of the body, the pro-drugs will not cause itching, burning or pain . Experiment results show that more than 90% of the pro-drugs were changed back to the parent drugs in a few minutes. The pro-drugs have a much better absorption rate and as transdermal administration avoids the first pass metabolism , the pro-drugs will be stronger than retinoids and retinoid-like compounds at the same dosage. Another great benefit of transdermal administration of these pro-drugs is that administering medication, especially to children, will be much easier.
Description of Drawings
[18] Figure 1: Cumulative amounts of N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, A), N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, B), N,N-diethylarninoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr (5% solution, C), retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-arninoacetate.HCl (5% solution, D), N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl (5% solution, E), 9-cis-retinoic acid (5% suspention, F), 13-cis-retinoic acid (5% suspention, G ), all-trans-retinoic acid (5% suspention, H ), vitamin A (5% suspention, I ), and bexaroten (5% suspention, J ), crossing isolated human skin tissue in Franz cells (n=5). In each case, the vehicle was a ethanol/pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (0.2 M) (v/v, 70/30). [19] Figure 2: Structure 31, wherein, Ret represents retinoids and retinoid-like compounds; R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., aryl residues or heteroaryl residues; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -,
2 n wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH can be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 4 R 3 , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R 3 represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or aryl and heteroaryl residues; R 4 represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or aryl and heteroaryl residues; X represents O,
5, or NH; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; All R, R , R , R 3 , or -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains and may include C, H, O, S, or N atoms and may have single, double, and triple bonds.
Best Mode Preparation of N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HBr.
[20] 32.2 g (0.1 mol) of sodium 9-cis-retinoate was dissolved in 100 ml of acetonitrile.
26.1 g (0.1 mol) of 2-Bromo-N,N-diethylethylamine.HBr was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for overnight at RT. The solvents were evaporated off. 200 ml of ethanol is added into the residue. The solid is removed by filtration. The solution is evaporated to dryness. 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added into the reaction mixture. Hexane (100 ml) was added. The solid product was collected by filtration. After drying, it yielded 36 g of the desired product (75%). Hygroscopic product. Elementary analysis: C H42BrNO3; MW: 480.52. Calculated % C: 64.99; H: 8.81; Br: 16.63; N: 2.91; O: 6.66; Found % C: 65.03; H: 8.80; Br: 16.60; N: 2.89; O: 6.68.
Mode for Invention Preparation of N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HBr.
[21] 32.2 g (0.1 mol) of sodium 13-cis-retinoate was dissolved in 100 ml of acetonitrile.
26.1 g (0.1 mol) of 2-Bromo-N,N-diethylethylamine.HBr was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for overnight at RT. The solvents were evaporated off. 200 ml of ethanol is added into the residue. The solid is removed by filtration. The solution is evaporated to dryness. 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added into the reaction mixture. Hexane (100 ml) was added. The solid product was collected by filtration. After drying, it yielded 38 g of the desired product (79.1%). Hygroscopic product. Elementary analysis: C H BrNO ; MW: 480.52. Calculated % C: 64.99; H: 8.81; Br: 16.63; N: 2.91; O: 6.66; Found % C: 65.03; H: 8.80; Br: 16.60; N: 2.89; O: 6.68. Preparation of N,N-diethylaminoethyl all-trans-retinoate.HBr.
[22] 32.2 g (0.1 mol) of sodium all-trans-retinoate was dissolved in 100 ml of ace- tonitrile. 26.1 g (0.1 mol) of 2-Bromo-N,N-diethylethylamine.HBr was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for overnight at RT. The solvents were evaporated off. 200 ml of ethanol is added into the residue. The solid is removed by filtration. The solution is evaporated to dryness. 100 ml of ethyl acetate was added into the reaction mixture. Hexane (100 ml) was added. The solid product was collected by filtration. After drying, it yielded 35 g of the desired product (72.9%). Hygroscopic product. Elementary analysis: C H BrNO ; MW: 480.52. Calculated % C: 64.99; H: 8.81; Br: 16.63; N: 2.91; O: 6.66; Found % C: 65.03; H: 8.80; Br: 16.60; N: 2.89; O: 6.68.
Preparation of retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HCl.
[23] 28.6 g (0.1 mol) of retinol was dissolved in 300 ml of acetonitril. 25 ml of tri- ethylamine was added into the reaction mixture. 16 g of N,N-dimethylaminoacetyl chloride hydrochloride was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for 5 h at RT. The solid was removed by filtration. The solution was evaporated to dryness. 500 ml of ethyl acetate was added into the residue. 200 ml of 5% of sodium c arbonate solution was added into the mixture with stirring. The organic solution is collected and washed with water (After drying, it yielded 31 g of the desired product (75.5%). Hygroscopic product; Elementary analysis: C H ClNO ; MW: 408.02. Calculated % C: 70.65; H: 9.39; Cl: 8.69; N: 3.43; O: 7.84; Found % Q70.60; H: 9.46; Cl: 8.71; N: 3.42; O: 7.81.
Preparation of N,N-diethylaminoethyl
4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate.HCl
•
[24] 34.9 g (0.1 mol) of 4-[l-(5,6,7,8 -tetrahydro- 3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl -
2-naphthalenyl) ethenyl] benzoic acid (bexarotene, Targretin ®) was dissolved in 300 ml of chloroform. 20.6 g of N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was added into the reaction mixture. 11.6 g of dimethylaminoethanol was added into the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at RT. The solid was removed by filtration. The chloroform solution was washed with 5% NaHCO (2 x 100 ml) and water (3 x 100 ml). The organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Sodium sulfate was removed by filtration. 3.6 g of HCl gas in ether (100 ml) was added into the reaction mixture with stirring. The solid product was collected by filtration. After drying, it yielded 40 g of the desired product (85.8%). Hygroscopic product; Elementary analysis: C H ClNO ; MW: 484.11. Calculated % C: 74.43; H: 8.74; Cl:
30 42 2
7.32; N: 2.89; O: 6.61; Found % C: 74.39; H: 8.76; Cl: 7.29; N: 2.91, O: 6.65.
Industrial Applicability
[25] The pro-drugs of the general formula (1-27) 'Structure 1-27' are superior to retinoids and retinoid-like compounds. They can be used medicinally in treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. They may be used for the treatment of acne, acne scarring, psoriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratinization disorders, precancerous lesions, chemoprophylaxis, warts, sarcoidosis, treating photoaged skin, preventing photoaged skin, treating chronologically aged skin, hair loss, and various cancers.
Sequence List Text
[26]

Claims

Claims
[1] A compound corresponding to the general formula (1) 'Structure 1',
Figure imgf000024_0001
Structure 1 wherein,R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH can be
2 n 2 replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH can be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Verfluoroalky Jl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Ver- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3
R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO^, COR6, COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl,
6 6 7 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J H r J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or
1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 J 6 6 different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR
2 2 5 5 5 7 5
, SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl
5 5 3 7 7 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 J 1-6 J J J halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5
, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J , C 1-6 alkeny J , C 1-6 alky Jny J, or alky Jl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[2] A compound as in claim 1, which is N,N-diethylaminoethyl 9-cis-retinoate.HA, wherein, A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions. [3] A compound corresponding to the general formula (2) 'Structure 2',
Figure imgf000025_0001
Structure 2 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R5, COR5, COOR5, NR6COR5, SOR
5 , SR 55 PO 3R 6R 6', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l, CI-O alkeny -7, CI-O alky Jny J, or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 55 PO 3R 6R 6', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O p^erfluoroalky ^l, C 1-6 alkeny J , C 1-6 alky Jny J, or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky ^l, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 2 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7 1-6 J alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C,
H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[4] A compound as in claim 3, which is N,N-diethylaminoethyl 13-cis-retinoate.HA, wherein, A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions. [5] A compound corresponding to the general formula (3) 'Structure 3',
Figure imgf000027_0001
Structure 3
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 R5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR6 COR5 , SOR 5 , SR5 , PO3 R6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X
6 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J 1-6 J J 2 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R5, COR5, COOR5, NR6COR5, SOR
5 , SR 55 PO 3R 6R 6', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l, CI-O alkeny -7, CI-O alky Jny J, or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 3
R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
6 6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are
1-6 1-6 1-6 oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R
1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C,
H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[6] A compound as in claim 5, which is N,N-diethylaminoethyl all- trans-retinoate.HA, wherein, A" represents Cl", Br", F, I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions.
[7] A compound corresponding to general formula (4) 'Structure 4',
Figure imgf000028_0001
Structure 4
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 -7 I-O -7 -7 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 3 6 6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 2 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7 1-6 J alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or
6 6 other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3
R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J \-6 e J 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J \-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Ver- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I",
1-6 1-6 1-6
AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; AU R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[8] A compound as in claim 7, which is retinyl N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoacetate.HA, wherein, A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions.
[9] A compound corresponding to the general formula (5) 'Structure 5',
Figure imgf000030_0001
Structure 5 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH can be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 3 6 6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH,
NO 2 ,' CN,' SO 2 R 5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 7 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR 5 ,' PO 3 R 7 R 7 ',' C 1-6 alky Jl,' C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen
1-6 1-6 1-6
(=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or
6 6 other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3
R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J ' 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any
1-6 negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[10] A compound as in claim 9, which is N,N-diethylaminoethyl 4-[l-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl]benzoate. H A, wherein, A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions.
[H] A compound corresponding to general formula (6) 'Structure 6',
Figure imgf000031_0001
Structure 6 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J ' 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO^, COR6, COOR6, NR6COR7, SOR
6 , SR 65 PO 3R 6R 6', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy "7, CI-O p^erfluoroalky "7l, CI-O alkeny "7, CI-O alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR6 COR5 , SOR 5 , SR5 , PO3 R6
R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are
1-6 1-6 1-6 oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; T represents, CH =C, CH=CH, C(CH )=CH, C≡C, C=O, C=S, CONH, CSNH, COO, OCO, COS, COCH , or CH CO; A represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems. [12] A compound corresponding to general formula (7) 'Structure 7',
Figure imgf000033_0001
Structure 7
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 r ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R 5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 R6 , COR6 , COOR6 , NR6
COR 7,' SOR 6,' SR 6,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl,' C 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 R 5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR 5 ,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky Jl,' C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 10 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J \-6 C J 1-6 ^ 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are
J J 1-6 J 6 6
H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2, CN, SO 2R5, COR 5, COOR 5, NR7COR5, SOR 5, SR5, PO3
R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and
2 n any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR ,
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5
PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or
3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or
2 6 6 heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5
, ' SOR 5,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 alkeny ^,' C 1-6 alky Jny J, or alky Jl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[13] A compound corresponding to general formula (8) 'Structure 8',
Figure imgf000034_0001
Structure 8
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Verfluoroalky Jl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Ver- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
5 2 2 6 6 6 6
COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
7 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J W r J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO ,
1-6 1-6 10 2
CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 7 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J, C 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and
6 6 8
R 8 ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and
6 6 9
R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A"
6 6 represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) -
1 2 3 4 2 n groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[14] A compound corresponding to general formula (9) 'Structure 9',
Figure imgf000036_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 r ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R , R , R , R , R , and R
-7 5 I-O J 1-6 J J 1-6 J J 4' 5 7 8 10 11 are same or different and are H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or
1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 J 6 6 different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 9 COR 5
, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 9 R 9 ', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy -7, CI-O alkeny -7, CI-O alky Jny J, or alky Jl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5
, ' SOR 5,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy ^7,' C 1-6 alkeny ^7,' C 1-6 alky Jny J,' or alky Jl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl
2 6 6 or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[15] A compound corresponding to general formula (10) 'Structure 10',
Figure imgf000037_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R5, COR5, COOR5, NR6COR5, SOR
5 , SR 55 PO 3R 6R 6', C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l, CI-O alkeny -7, CI-O alky Jny J, or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Verfluoroalky Jl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R , R , R , R , R , R , and
J \-6 J \-6 J J 1-6 J J A 5 7 8 9 10
R are same or different and are H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR ,
11 2 2 5 5
COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C per-
5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C
5 12 5 5 5 3 12 12 ' 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A"
6 6 represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[16] A compound corresponding to general formula (11) 'Structure 11',
Figure imgf000039_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
5 ,' SR 55' PO 3R 6R 6',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny -", Cl-6 alky Jny J,' or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5,' SOR 5,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny J,' C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R6 ',' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl,'
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 R 5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R6 ',' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
7 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J \-6 C J 1-6 ^ 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R ,
1-6 10 2 2 5
COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 8 5 5 5 3 8 8 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 8 R 8 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are
1-6 1-6 1-6 oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R
1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C,
H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[17] A compound corresponding to general formula (12) 'Structure 12',
Figure imgf000040_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
5 ,' SR 55' PO 3R 6R 6',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny -", Cl-6 alky Jny J,' or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5,' SOR 5,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 6 ',' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny J,' C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R6 ',' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl,'
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 R 5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R6 ',' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
7 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 -7 I-O J J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 ' M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R ,
1-6 10 2 2 5
COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR6 COR5 , SOR 5 , SR5 , PO3 R6
R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 8 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 8 R 8 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or
8 8 other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are
1-6 1-6 1-6 oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or
6 6 other ring systems; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are
1-6 1-6 1-6 oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or
6 6 other ring systems; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R
1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C,
H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[18] A compound corresponding to general formula (13) 'Structure 13',
Figure imgf000042_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 7 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 7 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J ' 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 7 , C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO^, COR6, COOR6, NRg COR 7, SOR 6, SR 6, PO 3 R 6 R 7, C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy "7, CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 7 , C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 7 1-6 ^ 1-6 ' « r ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
10 2 2 5 5 5 6
COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J ' 1-6 J "7 I-O ^ J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
5 , SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 7, C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy "7, CI-O p^erfluoroalky ^l, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C 1-6 alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[19] A compound corresponding to general formula (14) 'Structure 14',
Figure imgf000044_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 7 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 7 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 e J alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C per-
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 e fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 7 , C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R 5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 R6 , COR6 , COOR6 , NR6 COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
7 6 6 3 6 7 1-6 ^ 1-6 J M r J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 7 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
10 2 2 5 5 5 6
COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 5 5 3 6 7 1-6 ^ 1-6 J M r J 1-6 alkeny, C 1-6 alkyny, or C 1-6 alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[20] A compound corresponding to general formula (15) 'Structure 15',
Figure imgf000045_0001
Structure 15 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
, SR 5 PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J M r ^ 1-6 ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 r ^ 1-6 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 6 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p Ver- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R6 , COR 6 , COOR 6 , NR6 COR 6' , SOR 6 , SR6 , PO3
R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or
6 6 ' 1-6 -7 5 I-O J J ' W r -7 5 I-O J ' 1-6 J J ' 1-6 alkyl halide; R rpresents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
6 6' 6 6 3 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J M r J alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; A"
4 5 represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) -
1 2 3 4 2 n groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems. [21] A compound corresponding to general formula (16) 'Structure 16',
Figure imgf000047_0001
Structure 16 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 5 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 5 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl
6 5 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
5 ,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 5,' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny -", Cl-6 alky Jny J,' or C 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
6 COR 5,' SOR 5,' SR5,' PO3 R6 R5,' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny J,' C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R5 ,' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl,' C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 R 5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR 5 ,' PO 3 R 6 R 5 ,' C 1-6 alky Jl,' C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
7 6 6 3 6 4 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO ,
1-6 1-6 6 2 CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C
5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR
10 2 2 5 5 5 6
COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 ^ 1-6 J M r J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate,
1-6 1-6 or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[22] A compound corresponding to general formula (17) 'Structure 17',
Figure imgf000048_0001
structure 17 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 5 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 5 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl
6 5 residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2, NO, CN, SO 2R5, COR 5, COOR 5, NR6COR5, SOR 5, SR5, PO3R6
R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , SOR , SR , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 5 5 5 1-6 "7 I-O ^ J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , SOR , SR , C alkyl, C
2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 5 5 1-6 J alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR
2 2 6 6 6 6 7
, SR , PO R R , SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
6 6 3 6 4 6 6 1-6 ^ 1-6 J \-6 e J 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , SOR , SR , C
2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 5 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R 7 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 R5 , COR5 , COOR5 , NR6
COR 5,' SOR 5,' SR 5,' PO 3 R 6 R 5,' SOR 5,' SR 5,' C 1-6 alky "7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 4 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 4 R 5 , SOR 5
, SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 1-6 -7 I-O J -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J 1-6 alkyl halide; R9 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2R5, COR5, COOR5, NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C per-
6 5 5 5 3 6 5 5 5 1-6 J ' 1-6 J "7 I-O ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R ,
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5
SOR , SR , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny,
5 5 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative
1-6 ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R
1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C,
H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems. [23] A compound corresponding to general formula (18) 'Structure 18',
Figure imgf000050_0001
Structure 18
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X5 , COX 5 , COOX 5 , NX6 COX5 , SOX 5 , SX5 , PO3 X6
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 X5 , COX5 , COOX5 , NX6 COX5 ,
SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X5, COX5, COOX5, NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C per-
2 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 3 6 4 1-6 1-6 fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are
1 2 3 4 2 n branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems. [24] A compound corresponding to general formula (19) 'Structure 19',
Figure imgf000051_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X5 , COX 5 , COOX 5 , NX6 COX5 , SOX 5 , SX5 , PO3 X6
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 X5 , COX5 , COOX5 , NX6 COX5 ,
SOX 5,' SX 5,' PO 3 X 6 X 5,' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky -7l,5 CI-O alkeny -", Cl-6 alky Jny J,' or C alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X5, COX5, COOX5, NX 6 COX 5,' SOX 5,' SX5,' PO3 X6 X5,' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl,' C 1-6 alkeny J,' C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C per-
2 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 3 6 4 1-6 1-6 fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3
R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 1-6 J 1-6 J -7 I-O ^ J 1-6 ^ ' 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COX , SOR , SR , PO R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
4 5 4 4 3 4 5 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate,
1-6 1-6 or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[25] A compound corresponding to general formula (20) 'Structure 20',
Figure imgf000052_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX ,
2 2 5 5 5 6 5
SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X5, COX5, COOX5, NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO ,
1-6 1-6 1-6 5 2 CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C per-
2 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 3 6 4 1-6 1-6 fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5
X X C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C per-
4' 4 5 4' 4' 3 4 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J 1-6 ^ fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F",
1-6 1-6 1-6
I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[26] A compound corresponding to general formula (21) 'Structure 21',
Figure imgf000053_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , NO, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X
5 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J 1-6 J J 2 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 5 , COX 5 , COOX 5 , NX 6 COX 5 , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X5, COX5, COOX5, NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
5 5 6 5 5 5 3 6 5 1-6 J 1-6 e J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C per-
2 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 3 6 4 1-6 1-6 fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 5 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO
2 2 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 3
R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
5 5 1-6 J 1-6 J J ϊ-6 ^ J 1-6 ^ ' 1-6 J J 1-6 alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR 4 COX 1, SOR 4, SR 4, PO 3 R 4 X 1, C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny, C 1-6 alkyny, or C 1-6 alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[27] A compound corresponding to general formula (22) 'Structure 22',
Figure imgf000054_0001
Structure 22 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X 2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX3, SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C l' l' 3 1 3 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX ,
NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
1 1' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X ,
COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
1' 1' 1 2' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX 1 , PO 3 X 1 X 2 , C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , NR 4 COX 1 , SOR
4 , SR 4, PO 3 R 4 X 1, C1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C 1-6 alkeny, C 1-6 alkyny, or C 1-6 alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[28] A compound corresponding to general formula (23) 'Structure 23',
Figure imgf000055_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X 2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX3, SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X1, COX1, COOX1, NX 1 COX 1, SOX l,' SX l,' PO 3 X 1 X2, C 1-6 alky ^l, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny J, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX 1 COX 2 , SOX l ,' SX l ,' PO 3 X 1 X2 , C 1-6 alky ^l, C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX 1 , PO 3 X 1 X 2 , C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , NR 4 COX 1 , SOR
, SR , PO R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
4 4 3 4 1 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any
1-6 negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R 1 , R2 , R 3 , R 4 , -(CH 2 ) n - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems. [29] A compound corresponding to general formula (24) 'Structure 24',
Figure imgf000057_0001
Structure 24 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X 2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX3, SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C l' l' 3 1 3 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX ,
NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
1 1' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X ,
COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
1' 1' 1 2' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 X 4 , COX 4 , COOX 4 , NX 1 COX 4 , SOX 4 , SX 4 , PO 3 X 1 X 4 , C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX1 , PO3 X 1 X2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R 5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 R4 , COR4 , COOR4 , NR4
COX , SOR , SR , PO R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
5 4 4 3 4 5 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate,
1-6 1-6 or any negative ions. The double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[30] A compound corresponding to general formula (25) 'Structure 25',
Figure imgf000058_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX3, SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C l' l' 3 1 3 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 J J alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX ,
NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
1 1' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 J 1-6 ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X ,
COX 1 ,' COOX 1 ,' NX 1 COX 2 ,' SOX 1 ,' SX 1 ,' PO 3 X 1 X 2 ,' C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p^erfluoroalky Jl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 X 4 ,' COX 4 ,' COOX 4 ,' NXl COX 4 ,' SOX 4 ,' SX 4 ,' PO 3 X 1 X 4 ,' C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl,
1-6 1-6 1-6 4 Br, F, I, NO 2, CN, SO 2X 1, COX 1, COOX 1, NX1COX 2, SOX 1, SX1, PO3X 1X2, C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R 5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO2 R4 , COR4 , COOR4 , NR4
COX , SOR , SR , PO R X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C
1 4 4 3 4 1 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 R 4 ,' COR 4 ,' COOR 4 ,' NR 4 COX l ,' SOR 4 ,' SR 4 ,' PO 3 R 4 X l ,' C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) -
1 2 3 4 2 n groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[31] A compound corresponding to general formula (26) 'Structure 26',
Figure imgf000059_0001
Structure 26 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX1 , COOX1 , NX1 COX3 ,
SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C
1-6 alkyloxy; X 3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX1 , COOX1 , NX 1 COX 1, SOX 1, SX 1, PO 3 X 1 X2, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C 1-6 alkeny, C 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX 1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX 1 , PO 3 X 1 X2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl,
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 X 4 , COX 4 , COOX 4 , NX 1 COX 4 , SOX 4 , SX 4 , PO 3 X 1 X 4 , C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 per- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX1 , PO3 X 1 X2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; T represents, CH2=C, CH=CH, C(CH3)=CH, C≡C, C=O, C=S, CONH, CSNH, COO, OCO, COS, COCH 2 , or CH 2 CO; A represents Cl , Bf, F , I , AcO , citrate, or any negative ions; the double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration; All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[32] A compound corresponding to general formula (27) 'Structure 27',
Figure imgf000060_0001
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX X , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CX 1 X 2 , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X represents O, S, or NH; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , NO, CN, SO 2 X2 , COX 2 , COOX 5 , NX2 COX3 , SOX 2 , SX3 , PO3 X2
X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X
3 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J 1-6 J J 2 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX , NX COX3, SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C l ' l' 3 1 3 1-6 -7 I-O ^ -7 I-O -7 I-O J J alkyloxy; X3 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO X , COX , COOX ,
NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C
1 1' 1' 1' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J 1-6 J 1-6 alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO X ,
COX , COOX , NX COX , SOX , SX , PO X X , C alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl,
1 ' 1 ' 1 2' 1 ' 1 ' 3 1 2' 1-6 -7 I-O ^ J
C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, ' SO2 X 4 ,' COX 4 ,' COOX 4 ,' NXl COX 4 ,' SOX 4 ,' SX 4 ,' PO 3 X 1 X 4 ,' C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 p ^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; X represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 4 , COX 4 , COOX 4 , NX 1 COX 4 , SOX 4 , SX 4 , PO 3 X 1 X4 , C 1-6 alkyl, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyloxy; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX2 , SOX 1 , SX1 , PO
X X , C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R5 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X1, COX1, COOX 1, NX 1 COX 2, SOX 1, SX 1, PO 3 X 1 X2, C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy -7, CI-O p^er- fluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX1 , PO3 X 1 X2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R7 represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CN, SO2X1, COX1, COOX1, NX1 COX 2, SOX 1, SX 1, PO 3 X 1 X 2, C 1-6 alky -7l, CI-O alky Jloxy -7, CI-O p^erfluoroalky Jl, C 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 X 1 , COX 1 , COOX 1 , NX1 COX 2 , SOX 1 , SX 1 , PO 3 X 1 X 2 , C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions. The double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration. All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[33] Processes for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27) 'Structure 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27' according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32, wherein the compounds can be prepared from retinoic acids and related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (28) 'Structure 28' by using coupling reagents, such as N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O-
(Benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (Benzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, Ben- zotriazol-l-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, et al.,
Figure imgf000062_0001
Structure 28
wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR 6 COR 5, SOR 5, SR 5, PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky ^l, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J , C 1-6 p ^erfluoroalky Jl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO 2 R 4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , NR 6 COR 4 , SOR 4 , SR 4 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , ' COR5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 4 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR 5 ,' PO 3 R 5 R 4 ,' C 1-6 alky -7l,5 CI-O alky Jloxy J,' C 1-6 alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH ) -
1-6 2 n
, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; X
4 5 represents O, S, or NH. The double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration. All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[34] Processes for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (4 , 13, 14,
15, 20, and 21) 'Structure 4 , 13, 14, 15, 20, or 21' according to Claim 7, 8, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, and 26, wherein the compounds can be prepared from retinol and related compounds, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (29) 'Structure 29',
Figure imgf000063_0001
Structure 29 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
6 6 ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R
5 ,' COR 5 ,' COOR 5 ,' NR 6 COR 5 ,' SOR 5 ,' SR5 ,' PO3 R6 R6 ',' C1-6 alky-7l,5 CI-O alky-7loxy-", C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , NR6 COR 4 , SOR 4 , SR4 , PO3 R6 R6 ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2' ' 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 4' 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
4 5 ring systems; Z represents F, Cl, Br, or I; A" represents Cl", Br", F", I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions. The double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration. All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[35] Processes for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (1, 2, 3, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27) 'Structure 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27' according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32, wherein the compounds can be prepared from metal salts, organic base salts , or immobilized base salts of retinoic acids or related compounds when X represents O, by reaction with compounds of the general formula (30) 'Structure 30',
A0 R1
■z ®/
^ ^R^ N — R2
Structure 30 wherein, R represents a branched or straight chain, -(CH ) -, wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ..., in -(CH 2 ) n -, any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH,
C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R and R taken
6 6 1 2 alone are same or different and are H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxyl, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues or taken together are -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR 6 R 6 ', aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, one of any alkyl, alkyloxy, alkenyl or alkynyl residues having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or heteroaryl residues, wherein, any CH may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R ', aryl or heteroaryl
2 6 6 residues, or other ring systems; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO , CN, SO R
5 , COR 5 , COOR 5 , NR 6 COR 5 , SOR 5 , SR 5 , PO 3 R 6 R 6 ', C 1-6 alky Jl, C 1-6 alky Jloxy J, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl halide; R represents H, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , CN, SO 2 R4 , COR 4 , COOR 4 , NR6 COR 4 , SOR 4 , SR4 , PO3 R6 R6 ', C alkyl, C alkyloxy, C perfluoroalkyl, C alkeny, C alkyny, or C alkyl
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 halide; R and R ' taken alone are same or different and are H, Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NO , CN, SO R , COR , COOR , NR COR , SOR , SR , PO R R , C alkyl, C
2 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 4 1-6 J 1-6 alkyloxy, C alkeny, C alkyny, or alkyl halide or taken together are oxygen (=O) or -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,..., and any CH 2 may be replaced with O, S, CH=CH, C≡C, CR R , aryl or heteroaryl residues, or other
4 5 ring systems; Z represents halogen, or p-toluenesulphonyl; A" represents Cl", Br", F, I", AcO", citrate, or any negative ions. The double bonds on the side chain may have Z or E configuration. All R, R , R , R , R , -(CH ) - groups are branched or
1 2 3 4 2 n straight chains, and may contain C, H, O, S, N, and other atoms and may contain single, double, triple bonds and ring systems.
[36] Compounds of the general formulas (1 to 27) 'Structure 1 to 27' or a composition comprising of at least one compound of the general formulas (1 to 27) ' Structure 1 to 27', as an active ingredient, according to Claims 1 to 32, can be administered orally or transdermally, for treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds- treatable conditions in humans or animals. The retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions include, but are not limited to acne, acne scarring, psoriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratinization disorders, precancerous lesions, chemoprophylaxis, warts, sarcoidosis, treating photoaged skin, preventing photoaged skin, treating chronologically aged skin, hair loss, and various cancers etc..
[37] Methods for treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals by administering transdermally (topically) to any part of body (in the form of a solution, spray, lotion, ointment, emulsion or gel) to deliver therapeutically effective plasma levels of the compounds of the general formulas (1 to 27) ' Structure 1 to 27', as an active ingredient, according to Claims 1 to 32.
[38] Methods for topically treating acne, acne scarring, psoriasis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratinization disorders, precancerous lesions, chemoprophylaxis, warts, sarcoidosis, treating photoaged skin, preventing photoaged skin, treating chronologically aged skin, hair loss, and various cancers etc. in humans or animals by administering to the particular site of disease a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the general formulas (1 to 27) ' Structure 1 to 27', as an active ingredient, according to Claims 1 to 32.
[39] Transdermal therapeutic application systems of compounds of general formulas
(1 to 27) ' Structure 1 to 27', as an active ingredient, according to Claims 1 to 32, for treating any retinoids and retinoid-like compounds-treatable conditions in humans or animals. These systems can be a bandage or a patch comprising of one active substance-containing matrix layer and an impermeable backing layer. The most preferable system is an active substance reservoir, which has a permeable bottom facing the skin. By controlling the rate of release, this system enables the retinoids and retinoid-like compounds to reach constantly optimal therapeutic blood levels to increase effectiveness and reduce the side effects of retinoids and retinoid-like compounds.
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