WO2008073251A1 - Constrained spirocyclic compounds as cgrp receptor antagonists - Google Patents
Constrained spirocyclic compounds as cgrp receptor antagonists Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008073251A1 WO2008073251A1 PCT/US2007/024913 US2007024913W WO2008073251A1 WO 2008073251 A1 WO2008073251 A1 WO 2008073251A1 US 2007024913 W US2007024913 W US 2007024913W WO 2008073251 A1 WO2008073251 A1 WO 2008073251A1
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Definitions
- CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- CGRP is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide that is generated by tissue-specific alternate processing of calcitonin messenger RNA and is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system.
- CGRP is localized predominantly in sensory afferent and central neurons and mediates several biological actions, including vasodilation.
- CGRP is expressed in alpha- and beta-forms that vary by one and three amino acids in the rat and human, respectively.
- CGRP-alpha and CGRP-beta display similar biological properties.
- CGRP When released from the cell, CGRP initiates its biological responses by binding to specific cell surface receptors that are predominantly coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase. CGRP receptors have been identified and pharmacologically evaluated in several tissues and cells, including those of brain, cardiovascular, endothelial, and smooth muscle origin.
- CGRP 1 and CGRP 2 Based on pharmacological properties, these receptors are divided into at least two subtypes, denoted CGRP 1 and CGRP 2 .
- CGRP is a potent vasodilator that has been implicated in the pathology of cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine and cluster headache.
- the middle meningeal artery the principle artery in the dura mater, is innervated by sensory fibers from the trigeminal ganglion which contain several neuropeptides, including CGRP.
- Trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the cat resulted in increased levels of CGRP, and in humans, activation of the trigeminal system caused facial flushing and increased levels of CGRP in the external jugular vein (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1988, 23, 193-196).
- CGRP-mediated vasodilation of rat middle meningeal artery was shown to sensitize neurons of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Williamson et al., The CGRP Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Amylin, and Adrenomedullin, Austin Bioscience, 2000, 245-247).
- CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- a CGRP antagonist may be beneficial in attenuating, preventing or reversing the effects of neuronal sensitization.
- CGRP antagonists The ability of the compounds of the present invention to act as CGRP antagonists makes them useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans. Such disorders include migraine and cluster headache
- Urology 2001, 166, 1720-1723
- allergic dermatitis Wallengren, Contact Dermatitis, 2000, 43 (3), 137-143
- encephalitis brain trauma, ischaemia, stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases (Rohrenbeck et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 1999, 6, 15-34); skin diseases (Geppetti and Holzer, Eds., Neurogenic Inflammation, 1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL), neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema.
- the present invention relates to compounds that are useful as ligands for CGRP receptors, in particular antagonists for CGRP receptors, processes for their preparation, their use in therapy, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and methods of therapy using them.
- the present invention is directed to compounds of the formula I:
- the present invention is directed to compounds of the formula I:
- Rl is selected from Ci_6alkyl, C2-6 a lkenyl, Cs. ⁇ cycloalkyl, C5-7cycloalkenyl, Ci_6(C3-7cycloalkyl)alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, Ci-6(Ci-6alkoxy)alkyl, Ci-6(Arl)alkyl, Ci-6(NR 7 R 8 )alkyl, N— (Rl6)-pyrrolidinyl and N— (Rl6)-piperidinyl;
- R2 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, Ci-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, benzyloxy, or NR7R8;
- R4 is hydrogen, halo, Ci-6alkyl, or C2-6 a lkenyl
- R7 is hydrogen or C 1 -6alkyl
- R8 is hydrogen or Ci-6alkyl
- NR7R8 join to form a ring selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, N— (Rl6)-piperazinyl, morpholinyl, and thiomo ⁇ holinyl;
- Rl 6 is hydrogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkylcarbonyl, or Ci-6alkoxycarbonyl;
- ArI is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridinyl, or imidazolyl, where ArI 1S substituted with 0-2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, Ci_6alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl,
- AI , A ⁇ and A3 are each independently selected from:
- J is independently selected from:
- Y is independently selected from:
- R5 is independently selected from:
- R 6a and R 6b are each independently selected from:
- phenyl or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle is selected from: imidazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl and mo ⁇ holinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from: (i) -Ci-6alkyl,
- phenyl or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl and mo ⁇ holinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents where each independently selected from: (a) -Ci-4alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 fluoro, (b) halo,
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b join to form a ring selected from cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, furanyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thienyl, dihydrothienyl and dihydrothiopyranyl, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 - 5 substituents each independently selected from:
- phenyl or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thienyl and mo ⁇ holinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 substituents each independently selected from: (I) -Ci- 6 alkyl,
- phenyl or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thienyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl and mo ⁇ holinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from: (i) -Ci-6alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-6 fluoro,
- R9 is independently selected from:
- RIO and Rl 1 are each independently selected from:
- Ci-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-6 fluoro
- (3) -Cs- ⁇ cycloalkyl
- RlOa and Rl Ia are each independently selected from:
- RlOa and Rl Ia join to form a ring selected from azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl and morpholinyl, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 substituents each independently selected from: -Ci-6alkyl, -O-Ci_6alkyl, halo, hydroxyl, phenyl and benzyl;
- R!2 is independently selected from:
- Rl 3 and Rl 4 are each independently selected from:
- R! 5 is selected frorr i:
- n O or 1;
- n l or 2:
- p 1 or 2;
- a 1 , A 2 , A3, G 1 , G 2 , OB, J, Y, Rl, R2, R3 and R 4 are defined herein; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of the formula
- a 1 , A 2 , A3, G 1 , G 2 , G3, J, Y, Rl, R 2 , R3 and R 4 are defined herein; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.
- a 1 , A 2 , A3, G 1 , G 2 , G3, J, Y, Rl, R 4 , n and p are defined herein; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.
- a 1 , A 2 , G 1 , G 2 , G3, J, Y, Rl, R 2 , R3 and R 4 are defined herein; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.
- J, Y, Rl, R2, R3 and R ⁇ are defined herein; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.
- Al is a bond
- Al is -CH2-.
- Al is -O-.
- Al is -NH-.
- A2 is -CH2-.
- A2 is -O-.
- A2 is -NH-.
- A3 is -CH2-.
- A3 is -O-.
- A3 is -NH-.
- R 6a C(R 6a )-; -N(Me)-; and -CH 2 -; wherein R 6a is defined herein.
- J is -CH 2 -.
- J C(R ⁇ a )-; wherein R ⁇ a is defined herein.
- J is -N(CH 3 )-.
- Y is -CH 2 -.
- Y C(R ⁇ b)-; wherein R ⁇ b is defined herein.
- R ⁇ is independently selected from hydrogen, halo, and methyl.
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b are independently selected from:
- heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, and morpholinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from: -C I _4alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 fluoro, -O-Ci-4alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 fluoro, halo and hydroxyl,
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b are independently selected from: (1) hydrogen;
- heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl and morpholinyl.
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b join to form a ring selected from phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl and thienyl, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from:
- phenyl or heterocycle wherein heterocycle is selected from: pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl and morpholinyl, which phenyl or heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from: -Ci_4alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 fluoro, -O-Ci-4alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 fluoro, halo and hydroxyl,
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b join to form a ring selected from phenyl, pyridyl, and pyrimidinyl, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with 1- 3 substituents each independently selected from: -Ci_4alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 fluoro, halo, hydroxy and -O-Ci_4alkyl.
- R ⁇ a and R ⁇ b and the atom(s) to which they are attached are joined to form a ring selected from pyridyl and pyrimidinyl.
- m is 1. In an embodiment of the present invention n is 1. hi an embodiment of the present invention p is 1.
- p is 2.
- each such variable may be the same or different from each similarly designated variable.
- Rl 6 is recited multiple times in formula I, and each Rl 6 in formula I may independently be any of the substructures defined under Rl 6.
- the invention is not limited to structures and substructures wherein each Rl 6 must be the same for a given structure. The same is true with respect to any variable appearing multiple times in a structure or substructure.
- the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers.
- asymmetric centers may be present depending upon the nature of the various substituents on the molecule. Each such asymmetric center will independently produce two optical isomers and it is intended that all of the possible optical isomers and diastereomers in mixtures and as pure or partially purified compounds are included within the ambit of this invention. The present invention is meant to comprehend all such isomeric forms of these compounds.
- racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so that the individual enantiomers are isolated.
- the separation can be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as the coupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically pure compound to form a diastereomeric mixture, followed by separation of the individual diastereomers by standard methods, such as fractional crystallization or chromatography.
- the coupling reaction is often the formation of salts using an enantiomerically pure acid or base.
- the diasteromeric derivatives may then be converted to the pure enantiomers by cleavage of the added chiral residue.
- the racemic mixture of the compounds can also be separated directly by chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases, which methods are well known in the art.
- any enantiomer of a compound may be obtained by stereoselective synthesis using optically pure starting materials or reagents of known configuration by methods well known in the art.
- R7 and R.8 substituents are capable of forming a ring structure. This is also the case with respect to other potentially ring forming pairs, including but not limited to R 6a and R 6b and R 1Oa and R 1 la . Moreover, even those substituents capable of ring formation may or may not form a ring structure.
- halo or halogen as used herein are intended to include chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo.
- alkyl is intended to mean linear, branched and cyclic structures having no double or triple bonds.
- Ci-6alkyl is defined to identify the group as having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement, such that Ci-6alkyl specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
- Cycloalkyl is an alkyl, part or all of which which forms a ring of three or more atoms.
- Related terms such as “alkoxy”, “haloalkyl” and “alkoxycarbonyl” also include such straight, branched and cyclic moieties.
- Alkenyl means a straight, branched or cyclic group with at least one double bond.
- a term such as Ci_6(R)alkyl means a straight or branched alkyl group of one to six carbons substituted with the substituent R.
- a term such as N — (R)-pyrrolidinyl indicates that the nitrogen is substituted with the substituent R.
- Haloalkyl and haloalkoxy include all halogenated isomers from monohalo substituted alkyl to perhalo substituted alkyl. The same applies to other moieties described with "halo”.
- heterocycle or “heterocyclic”, as used herein except where noted, represents a stable 4- to 7-membered monocyclic- or stable 8- to 11-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring system which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
- the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure.
- heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, azetidine, chroman, dihydrofuran, dihydropyran, dioxane, dioxolane, hexahydroazepine, imidazolidine, imidazolidinone, imidazoline, imidazolinone, indoline, isochroman, isoindoline, isothiazoline, isothiazolidine, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, morpholine, morpholinone, oxazoline, oxazolidine, oxazolidinone, oxetane, 2-oxohexahydroazepin, 2-oxopiperazine, 2-oxopiperidine, 2- oxopyrrolidine, piperazine, piperidine, pyran, pyrazolidine, pyrazoline, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, quinuclidine, tetrahydrofuran, t
- phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like
- organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic,
- salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
- acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p- toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
- the salts are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, fumaric, and tartaric acids. It will be understood that, as used herein, references to the compounds of Formula I are meant to also include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
- Exemplifying the invention is the use of the compounds disclosed in the examples and herein.
- Specific compounds within the present invention include a compound which selected from the group consisting of the compounds disclosed in the following examples and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual diastereomers thereof.
- the subject compounds are useful in a method of antagonism of CGRP receptors in a patient such as a mammal in need of such antagonism comprising the administration of an effective amount of the compound.
- the present invention is directed to the use of the compounds disclosed herein as antagonists of CGRP receptors.
- a variety of other mammals can be treated according to the method of the present invention.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of a disease or disorder in which the CGRP receptor is involved in a patient that comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that is an antagonist of CGRP receptors.
- the present invention is further directed to a method for the manufacture of a medicament for antagonism of CGRP receptors activity in humans and animals comprising combining a compound of formula (I) with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent.
- the invention is also directed to the use of a compound of formula (I) for treating or preventing diseases in which the CGRP receptor is involved, such as migraine.
- the invention is also directed to the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease in which the CGRP receptor is involved.
- the subject treated in the present methods is generally a mammal, for example a human being, male or female, in whom antagonism of CGRP receptor activity is desired.
- therapeutically effective amount means the amount of the subject compound that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
- treatment refers both to the treatment and to the prevention or prophylactic therapy of the mentioned conditions, particularly in a patient who is predisposed to such disease or disorder.
- composition as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
- Such term in relation to pharmaceutical composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the active ingredient(s), and the inert ingredient(s) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
- administering a should be understood to mean providing a compound of the invention or a prodrug of a compound of the invention to the individual in need of treatment.
- the utility of the compounds in accordance with the present invention as antagonists of CGRP receptor activity may be demonstrated by methodology known in the art. Inhibition of the binding of 125 I-CGRP to receptors and functional antagonism of CGRP receptors were determined as follows: NATIVE RECEPTOR BINDING ASSAY: The binding of 125 I-CGRP to receptors in SK-N-MC cell membranes was carried out essentially as described (Edvinsson et al. (2001) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 415, 39-44).
- membranes 25 ⁇ were incubated in 1 ml of binding buffer [10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl 2 and 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA)] containing 10 pM 125 I-CGRP and antagonist. After incubation at room temperature for 3 h, the assay was terminated by filtration through GFB glass fibre filter plates (Millipore) that had been blocked with 0.5% polyethyleneimine for 3 h. The filters were washed three times with ice-cold assay buffer, then the plates were air dried. Scintillation fluid (50 ⁇ l) was added and the radioactivity was counted on a Topcount (Packard Instrument). Data analysis was carried out by using Prism and the K 1 was determined by using the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Cheng & Prusoff (1973) Biochem. Pharmacol. 22, 3099-3108).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- SK-N-MC cells were grown in minimal essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L- glutamine, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 units/ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin at 37 °C, 95% humidity, and 5% CO 2 .
- MEM minimal essential medium
- cAMP assays cells were plated at 5 x 10 5 cells/well in 96-well poly-D-lysine-coated plates (Becton-Dickinson) and cultured for ⁇ 18 h before assay.
- RECOMBINANT RECEPTOR Human CRLR (Genbank accession number L76380) was subcloned into the expression vector pIREShyg2 (BD Biosciences Clontech) as a 5'NheI and 3' Pmel fragment. Human RAMPl (Genbank accession number AJ001014) was subcloned into the expression vector pIRESpuro2 (BD Biosciences Clontech) as a 5'NheI and 3'NotI fragment.
- 293 cells human embryonic kidney cells; ATCC #CRL-1573
- DMEM fetal bovine serum
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- penicillin 100 ug/ml streptomycin
- Stable cell line generation was accomplished by co-transfecting 10 ug of DNA with 30 ug Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) in 75 cm 2 flasks.
- CRLR and RAMPl expression constructs were co-transfected in equal amounts.
- the cell suspension was disrupted with a laboratory homogenizer and centrifuged at 48,000 g to isolate membranes. The pellets were resuspended in harvest buffer plus 250 mM sucrose and stored at - 7O 0 C.
- 10 ug of membranes were incubated in 1 ml binding buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl 2 , and 0.2% BSA) for 3 hours at room temperature containing 10 pM 125 I-hCGRP (Amersham Biosciences) and antagonist. The assay was terminated by filtration through 96-well GFB glass fiber filter plates (Millipore) that had been blocked with 0.05% polyethyleneimine.
- Cells were washed with PBS and then incubated with inhibitor for 30 min at 37 0 C and 95% humidity in Cellgro Complete Serum-Free/Low-Protein medium (Mediatech, Inc.) with L-glutamine and 1 g/L BSA. Isobutyl-methylxanthine was added to the cells at a concentration of 300 ⁇ M and incubated for 30 min at 37 0 C. Human ⁇ -CGRP was added to the cells at a concentration of 0.3 nM and allowed to incubate at 37 0 C for 5 min.
- Cellgro Complete Serum-Free/Low-Protein medium Mediatech, Inc.
- Isobutyl-methylxanthine was added to the cells at a concentration of 300 ⁇ M and incubated for 30 min at 37 0 C.
- Human ⁇ -CGRP was added to the cells at a concentration of 0.3 nM and allowed to incubate at 37 0 C for 5 min.
- cAMP SPA direct screening assay system RPA 559; Amersham Biosciences
- the compounds of the following examples had activity as antagonists of the CGRP receptor in the aforementioned assays, generally with a K x or IC 5O value of less than about 50 ⁇ M. Such a result is indicative of the intrinsic activity of the compounds in use as antagonists of CGRP receptors.
- the ability of the compounds of the present invention to act as CGRP antagonists makes them useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans.
- the compounds of the present invention have utility in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of one or more of the following conditions or diseases: headache; migraine; cluster headache; chronic tension type headache; pain; chronic pain; neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain; neuropathic pain; eye pain; tooth pain; diabetes; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; vascular disorders; inflammation; arthritis; bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma; shock; sepsis; opiate withdrawal syndrome; morphine tolerance; hot flashes in men and women; allergic dermatitis; psoriasis; encephalitis; brain trauma; epilepsy; neurodegenerative diseases; skin diseases; neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis; and other conditions that may be treated or prevented by
- the compounds of the present invention also have utility in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of one or more of the following conditions: thermal injury, circulatory shock, tumor growth, immune regulation in gut mucosa, modulation of bone resorption in bone disorders, airway inflammatory diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including asthma, and flushing associated with menopause.
- the subject compounds are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the diseases, disorders and conditions noted herein.
- the subject compounds are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the aforementioned diseases, disorders and conditions in combination with other agents.
- the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with one or more other drugs in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula I or the other drugs may have utility, where the combination of the drugs together are safer or more effective than either drug alone.
- Such other drug(s) may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of Formula I.
- a pharmaceutical composition in unit dosage form containing such other drugs and the compound of Formula I is preferred.
- the combination therapy may also include therapies in which the compound of Formula I and one or more other drugs are administered on different overlapping schedules.
- compositions of the present invention include those that contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of Formula I.
- the present compounds may be used in conjunction with an an anti- migraine agent, such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, or other serotonin agonists, especially a 5-HT IB/ID agonist, for example sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan, and rizatriptan, a 5-HT ID agonist such as PNU-142633 and a 5-HTi F agonist such as LY334370; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, for example rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, valdecoxib or paracoxib; a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or a cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory agent, for example with a compound such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprof
- the instant compounds may be administered with an analgesic such as aspirin, acetaminophen, phenacetin, fentanyl, sufentanil, methadone, acetyl methadol, buprenorphine or morphine.
- an analgesic such as aspirin, acetaminophen, phenacetin, fentanyl, sufentanil, methadone, acetyl methadol, buprenorphine or morphine.
- an interleukin inhibitor such as an interleukin-1 inhibitor; an NK-I receptor antagonist, for example aprepitant; an NMDA antagonist; an NR2B antagonist; a bradykinin-1 receptor antagonist; an adenosine Al receptor agonist; a sodium channel blocker, for example lamotrigine; an opiate agonist such as levomethadyl acetate or methadyl acetate; a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase; an alpha receptor antagonist, for example indoramin; an alpha receptor agonist; a vanilloid receptor antagonist; a renin inhibitor; a granzyme B inhibitor; a substance P antagonist; an endothelin antagonist; a norepinephrin precursor; anti-anxiety agents such as diazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and chlorazepate; serotonin 5HT 2
- an interleukin inhibitor such as an
- the present compounds may be used in conjunction with gap junction inhibitors; neuronal calcium channel blockers such as civamide; AMPA/KA antagonists such as LY293558; sigma receptor agonists; and vitamin B2.
- the present compounds may be used in conjunction with ergot alkaloids other than ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, for example ergonovine, ergonovine, methylergonovine, metergoline, ergoloid mesylates, dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocryptine, dihydro- ⁇ -ergocryptine, dihydro- ⁇ -ergocryptine, ergotoxine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, ⁇ -ergocryptine, ⁇ -ergocryptine, ergosine, ergostane, bromocriptine, or methysergide.
- ergonovine ergonovine, methylergonovine, metergoline, ergoloid mesylates
- dihydroergocornine dihydroergocristine
- dihydroergocryptine dihydro- ⁇ -ergocryptine
- the present compounds may be used in conjunction with a beta- adrenergic antagonist such as timolol, propanolol, atenolol, metoprolol or nadolol, and the like; a MAO inhibitor, for example phenelzine; a calcium channel blocker, for example flunarizine, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine, nisolipine, isradipine, nimodipine, lomerizine, verapamil, nifedipine, or prochlorperazine; neuroleptics such as olanzapine, droperidol, prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine and quetiapine; an anticonvulsant such as topiramate, zonisamide, tonabersat, carabersat, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, tiagabine, gabapentin, pregabalin or
- the present compounds may be used in conjunction with a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2-antagonist, simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide; a decongestant such as oxymetazoline, epinephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, propylhexedrine, or levo- desoxy-ephedrine; an antitussive such as caramiphen, carbetapentane, or dextromethorphan; a diuretic; a prokinetic agent such as metoclopramide or domperidone; a sedating or non-sedating antihistamine such as acrivastine, azatadine, bromodiphenhydramine, brompheniramine, carbinoxamine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, dexbrompheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, loratadine, phenindamine, pheniramine
- the present compounds are used in conjunction with an anti-migraine agent, such as: ergotamine or dihydroergotamine; a 5-HT 1 agonist, especially a 5-HT JB/ID agonist, in particular, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan, avitriptan and rizatriptan, and other serotonin agonists; and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in particular, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, valdecoxib or paracoxib.
- an anti-migraine agent such as: ergotamine or dihydroergotamine; a 5-HT 1 agonist, especially a 5-HT JB/ID agonist, in particular, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, ele
- the above combinations include combinations of a compound of the present invention not only with one other active compound, but also with two or more other active compounds.
- compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with other drugs that are used in the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the diseases or conditions for which compounds of the present invention are useful.
- Such other drugs may be admim ' stered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefore, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of the present invention.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound of the present invention is preferred.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of the present invention.
- the weight ratio of the compound of the compound of the present invention to the other active ingredient(s) may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the present invention is combined with another agent, the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the other agent will generally range from about 1000: 1 to about 1:1000, or from about 200:1 to about 1 :200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention and other active ingredients will generally also be within the aforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredient should be used. hi such combinations the compound of the present invention and other active agents may be administered separately or in conjunction, hi addition, the administration of one element may be prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s), and via the same or different routes of administration.
- the compounds of the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration, hi addition to the treatment of warmblooded animals the compounds of the invention are effective for use in humans.
- the pharmaceutical compositions for the administration of the compounds of this invention may conveniently be presented in dosage unit form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
- compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
- the active compound is included in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.
- composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
- compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, solutions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
- Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
- excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
- the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
- a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
- Oral tablets may also be coated by the techniques described in the U.S. Patents 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.
- Oral tablets may also be formulated for immediate release, such as fast melt tablets or wafers, rapid dissolve tablets or fast dissolve films.
- Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
- an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
- water or an oil medium for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
- Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
- excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monoole
- the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
- Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
- the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation.
- compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
- Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil- in-water emulsions.
- the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
- Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally- occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally- occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
- the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
- Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents.
- sweetening agents for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
- Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents.
- the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension.
- This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
- the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol.
- the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
- sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
- any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
- fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
- the compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
- These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
- suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
- Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
- compositions and method of the present invention may further comprise other therapeutically active compounds as noted herein which are usually applied in the treatment of the above mentioned pathological conditions.
- an appropriate dosage level will generally be about 0.01 to 500 mg per kg patient body weight per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses.
- a suitable dosage level may be about 0.01 to 250 mg/kg per day, about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg per day, or about 0.1 to 50 mg/kg per day. Within this range the dosage may be 0.05 to 0.5, 0.5 to 5 or 5 to 50 mg/kg per day.
- the compositions may be provided in the form of tablets containing 1.0 to 1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0.
- the compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, or may be administered once or twice per day.
- the compounds of the present invention are administered at a daily dosage of from about 0.1 milligram to about 100 milligram per kilogram of animal body weight, given as a single daily dose or in divided doses two to six times a day, or in sustained release form.
- the total daily dosage is from about 1.0 milligrams to about 1000 milligrams, or from about 1 milligrams to about 50 milligrams. In the case of a 70 kg adult human, the total daily dose will generally be from about 10 milligrams to about 1000 milligrams. This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response.
- the compounds of the present invention can be prepared readily according to the following Schemes and specific examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents and conventional synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in this art but are not mentioned in greater detail.
- the general procedures for making the compounds claimed in this invention can be readily understood and appreciated by one skilled in the art from viewing the following Schemes.
- treatment of 5 with pyridine hydrobromide perbromide provides the dibromoazaoxindole 6, which may be reduced to the corresponding azaoxindole 7 by reaction with zinc.
- the key alkylation of 7 with dibromide 3 is carried out using cesium carbonate in DMF to afford the spiroazaoxindole 8.
- a variety of other bases and solvents may be employed in this alkylation reaction, and use of a different alkylating agent than the dibromide shown here can lead to other products.
- Treatment of compound 8 with aqueous HCl at reflux effects simultaneous hydrolysis of the nitrile and deprotection of the azaoxindole, affording the key acid intermediate 9.
- This carboxylic acid may be subjected to known Curtius rearrangement conditions to provide, after deprotection, aminopyridine 10.
- the methodology shown in Scheme 1 is not limited to azaoxindoles such as 7, but may be applied to a variety of suitably protected heterocyclic systems to give the corresponding spiro compounds.
- Scheme 2 illustrates a route to an isomer of compound 10, the 3-aminopyridine 15.
- Bis-alkylation of the spiroazaoxindole 7 with 1 ,4-dibromobutan-2-one [de Meijere et al. (2001) Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3789] provides the cyclopentanone 11.
- Catalytic hydrogenation may be used to provide the corresponding aniline 14.
- Standard deprotection of 14 using sequential acid and base treatments affords the 3-aminopyridine intermediate 15.
- SCHEME 2 Standard deprotection of 14 using sequential acid and base treatments affords the 3-aminopyridine intermediate 15.
- Spiroazaoxindole intermediates such as those illustrated in Schemes 1 and 2 may be resolved to give pure enantiomers using techniques familiar to those skilled in the art. For example, chromatography of the suitable intermediates on a chiral column can be used to provide the individual stereoisomers. Resolution may also be effected by other methodologies, such as fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts, and it may be carried out on other synthetic intermediates or on the final products. Alternatively, an asymmetric synthesis of a key intermediate could be used to provide an enantiomerically enriched final product.
- a or E may be used to provide compounds of the present invention such as structures C and F.
- Such coupling reactions may be performed using a variety of known reagents and conditions. Examples include the use of EDC and HOBT in DMF, PyBOP in CH 2 Cl 2 , or HATU in DMF.
- the carboxylic acid may be activated, for example as the corresponding acid chloride or anhydride, to provide efficient reaction with amines of interest.
- two amines, such as B and D may be reacted with phosgene to give the urea G.
- phosgene for example 1,1'- carbonyldiimidazole or 4-nitrophenylchloroformate
- Scheme 3 the methodology illustrated in Scheme 3, as well as a wide variety of other transformations known to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis, may be used to synthesize compounds of the present invention.
- the final product may be further modified, for example, by manipulation of substituents. These manipulations may include, but are not limited to, reduction, oxidation, alkylation, acylation, and hydrolysis reactions which are commonly known to those skilled in the art.
- the order of carrying out the foregoing reaction schemes may be varied to facilitate the reaction or to avoid unwanted reaction products.
- various protecting group strategies may be employed to facilitate the reaction or to avoid unwanted reaction products.
- the following examples are provided so that the invention might be more fully understood. These examples are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
- Step A l-([2-(Trimethylsilyl ' )ethoxy]methyU-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-blpyridine
- Step B 3.3 -Dibromo- 1 - ( r2-( " trimethylsilvnethoxylmethyl I - 1.3 -dihvdro-2H-pyrrolo F2.3 - b]pyridin-2-one
- Step C l- ⁇ [2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyU-l,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one
- Step B 1 ,2-2?/s(bromomethyl)-4-nitrobenzene
- Step A r ⁇ V5-Nitro-l'- ⁇ r2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxylmethyli-1.3-dihvdrospirorindene-2.3'- pyrrolor2.3-b1pyridinl-2' ⁇ 'H)-one
- Step C fert-Butyl rJ?V(2'-oxo-l'- ⁇ r2-qrimethylsilyl)ethoxylmethvU-l.l'.2'.3- tetrahvdrospirorindene-2,3'-pyrrolo[23-b]pyridin]-5-yl)carbamate
- the enantiomers were resolved by HPLC, utilizing a ChiralPak AD column and eluting with EtOH.
- the first major peak to elute was /ert-butyl (S)-(2'-oxo-r- ⁇ [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ - l,r,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-&]pyridin]-5-yl)carbamate
- the second major peak to elute was tert-buty ⁇ (i?)-(2 1 -oxo-l'- ⁇ [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ -l,l',2 1 ,3- tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolo[2,3- ⁇ ]pyridin]-5-yl)carbamate, the title compound.
- MS: mlz 482 (M + 1).
- Step D (i?V5-Amino-1.3-dihvdrospirorindene-2.3'-pyrrolo[2.3-b1pyridinl-2 ⁇ l'H)-one
- a solution of tert-butyl (i?)-(2'-oxo-r- ⁇ [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ - l,r,2 l ,3-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolo[2,3- ⁇ ]pyridin]-5-yl)carbamate from Step C (13.4 g, 27.8 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) was saturated with HCl (g).
- Step B 4.5-i?/sfbromomethvOpyridine-2-carbonitrile
- THF 15 mL
- phosphorus tribromide 1.61 g, 5.94 mmol
- the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h, and then cooled to 0 °C.
- Saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 5 mL was added slowly and the quenched mixture was extracted with CHCl 3 (2 x 30 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
- Step C (-fcV2'-Oxo-l'-(f2-(trimethylsilvnethoxylmethyl>-l'.2'.5.7- tetrahvdrospiro ⁇ yclopentafcjpyridine- ⁇ .B'-pyrroloP.S- ⁇ ipyridineJ-S-carbonitrile
- Step D ( ⁇ )-2'-Oxo-r,2',5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cvclopenta
- To a solution of ( ⁇ )-2'-oxo-l'- ⁇ [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl ⁇ -l',2',5,7- tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[c]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyridine]-3-carbonitrile from Step C (6.10 g, 15.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added 3 N aqueous HCl (360 mL).
- Step B (-fcV3-Amino-5,7-dihydrospiro[ ' cvclopenta
- Step A r ⁇ Vl'-([2-(Trimethylsilvnethoxy1niethvU-3H-spirorcvclopentane-1.3'-pyrrolor2.3- %yridine
- Step B ( ⁇ V3-Nitro-r-([2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy1methvU-5.7- dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[6]pyridine-6.3'-pyrrolo
- Step C r ⁇ V3-Amino-l'- ⁇ r2-(trimethylsilvnethoxylmethyl
- Step D ( ⁇ V3-Amino-5 J-dihvdrospiro[cyclopenta[61pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2.3-6]pyridin]-2' ⁇ 'H)- one trifluoroacetate
- reaction mixture was purified directly by ⁇ PLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of ⁇ 2 O:C ⁇ 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ - 90:10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- reaction mixture is purified directly by HPLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of H 2 O:CH 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 H - 90:10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- the pure, product-containing fractions are combined and made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 .
- the resulting mixture is extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL), and the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound.
- WO 2004/082605 HOBT (43 mg, 0.28 mmol), and EDC (54 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) is stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h.
- the reaction mixture is purified directly by HPLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of H 2 O:CH 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 H - 90:10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- the pure, product- containing fractions are combined and made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 .
- the resulting mixture is extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL), and the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound.
- ⁇ OBT 43 mg, 0.28 mmol
- EDC 54 mg, 0.28 mmol
- DMF 2 mL
- the reaction mixture is purified directly by ⁇ PLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of ⁇ 2 O:C ⁇ 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ - 90: 10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- the pure, product-containing fractions are combined and made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 .
- the resulting mixture is extracted with EtOAc (2 * 20 mL), and the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound.
- ⁇ OBT 43 mg, 0.28 mmol
- EDC 54 mg, 0.28 mmol
- DMF 2 mL
- the reaction mixture is purified directly by ⁇ PLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of ⁇ 2 O:C ⁇ 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ - 90:10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- the pure, product-containing fractions are combined and made basic with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 .
- the resulting mixture is extracted with EtOAc (2 * 20 mL), and the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound.
- Step B (7i?)-7-Amino-4-chloro-9-(2.2.2-trifluoroethvn-6.7.9.10-tetrahvdroazepino[3.4- e "
- Step C N-[(7i?V4-Chloro-8-oxo-9-(2.2.2-trifluoroethylV3.6.7.8.9.10-hexahvdroazepinor3.4- g]indazol-7-yl]-2'-oxo-l.r,2'.3-tetrahydrospiro
- reaction mixture was purified directly by ⁇ PLC using a reversed phase Cl 8 column and eluting with a gradient of ⁇ 2 O:C ⁇ 3 CN:CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ - 90:10:0.1 to 5:95:0.1.
- the pure, product-containing fractions were concentrated in vacuo to provide the title compound.
- MS: mlz 596.
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CA002673108A CA2673108A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-05 | Constrained spirocyclic compounds as cgrp receptor antagonists |
US12/517,674 US7951795B2 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-05 | Constrained spirocyclic compounds as CGRP receptor antagonists |
JP2009540279A JP2010511714A (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-05 | Constrained spirocyclic compounds as CGRP receptor antagonists |
AU2007332898A AU2007332898A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-05 | Constrained spirocyclic compounds as CGRP receptor antagonists |
EP07862550A EP2091533B1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-05 | Constrained spirocyclic compounds as cgrp receptor antagonists |
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- 2007-12-05 JP JP2009540279A patent/JP2010511714A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-05 EP EP07862550A patent/EP2091533B1/en active Active
- 2007-12-05 AU AU2007332898A patent/AU2007332898A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7951795B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
EP2091533A4 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
JP2010511714A (en) | 2010-04-15 |
CA2673108A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
EP2091533A1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
AU2007332898A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
EP2091533B1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
US20100069359A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
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