WO2008073060A1

WO2008073060A1 - Head of internal combustion engine with one or two valve tubes and valve tubes for both types

Info

Publication number: WO2008073060A1
Application number: PCT/SI2007/000041
Authority: WO
Inventors: Miladin Tesic
Original assignee: Miladin Tesic
Priority date: 2006-12-12
Filing date: 2007-12-11
Publication date: 2008-06-19
Also published as: SI22421A

Abstract

The invention describes the internal combustion engine head with the essential element being the valve tube (1). The engine head consists of an engine head housing (3a) in which the valve tube socket (4) is located with a round cross-section and the opening (4a) with inserted rotating round valve tube (1), which contains pairs of suction chambers (2a) and exhaust chambers (2b) with the number of the abovementioned pairs of chambers being the same as the number of actuating cylinders of the engine and the valve tube (1) consists of the shaft (11) on which it is supported by the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (13); cylinders are placed on the abovementioned shaft (11) with existing openings which constitute the chambers (2a, 2b) and which cannot be separated from each other and are welded to the abovementioned shaft (11) with a long stub on the front side on which the gear (5) a is installed that runs the valve shaft and a thread central opening (16) for extracting the valve tube (1) from the socket (4).

Description

Head of internal combustion engine with one or two valve tubes and valve tubes for both types

Subject of the invention

The subject of the invention is the head of internal combustion engine with one or two valve tubes and valve tubes for both types, where the exhaust chambers of the valve tube may have an integrated catalyser.

State of the art

Internal combustion engines have been known for a long time. They are composed of two essential elements, namely the engine block and the engine head with valves, plugs, hoses for the supply of fuel or fuel/air mixture into the cylinder and collectors for the removal of exhaust gases into the engine exhaust system.

When the engine runs, the valves open and close by means of a cam shaft with eccentric cams positioned on the rim, which periodically open the exhaust and suction valves.

In the older types of internal combustion engines, the cams of the cam shaft which is positioned in the engine block push the tappets which control the pivoted levers by the push rods so that they periodically push the valves.

The actuating cylinders of the engine can be installed in series, i.e. one cylinder in a row or in pairs and slightly inclined outwards, such as the well-known V form of engine.

In modern types, the cam shaft (one or more) is located in the engine head where the cams of the cam shaft push the valves directly (the engines marked OHC "overhead cam shaft" or

DOHC "double overhead cam shaft", which are the most common in personal vehicles nowadays).

Each cylinder has at least two valves (suction and exhaust), while certain types contain cylinders with several suction and exhaust valves. In the case of two cam shafts, one of them takes care of the opening and closing of the' suction valves while the other one opens and closes the exhaust valves.

The order of the opening and closing sequence of the valves is optional (e.g. 1, 3, 4, 2), whereby the sequence of the operation of the actuating cylinders is determined.

The cam shaft is driven by the main shaft by means of a chain, belt or gear transmission. The gear ratio between the main shaft and the arm or cam shaft is 2:1. Technical problem

In both described types, the main problem is large number of movable parts in the engine head and consequently more potential problems and defects, more parts of the engine and greater loss of energy.

In the event of defect, or rather the delay, of the cam shaft (e.g. if the cogged belt jumps or is broken), the piston and the valve that move along the same axis may crash which may result in the breaking of parts and a serious defect of the engine.

The next technical problem solved by this invention is the position of the catalyser which is, in the existing types of the engines, installed in the exhaust system and thus 1 m or even further away from the exhaust valves. The functioning of the catalyser shall only be appropriate if the exhaust gasses that pass through it are heated to sufficiently high temperature. Upon the starting of a cold engine it takes some time before the exhaust system is heated to such temperature that the exhaust gases which reach the catalyser are sufficiently heated to bring the catalyser to the working temperature of 600° to 800⁰C.

The next problem solved by this invention is the position of the lambda probe whose task is to check the quality of exhaust gases. In the existing types of the engines, the lambda probe is installed between the exhaust valves and the catalyser and thus measures the quality of exhaust gases at the outlet from the actuating cylinders and not at the outlet from the catalyser.

The next problem solved by this invention is the maintenance of the catalyser which is, in the existing types, located in the first section of the exhaust silencer and can therefore not be maintained, e.g. cleaned, etc.

Definition of terms

As mentioned above, the order of the opening and closing sequence of the valves is optional (e.g. 1, 3, 4, 2), whereby the sequence of the operation of the actuating cylinders is determined. The term "next in stroke" or "subsequent in stroke", as used in the present patent application, means the next actuating cylinder determined on the basis of an optional sequence and the related valves or chambers, as explained below. Thus, the sequence of the cylinders in the engine is 1, 2, 3, 4 and the stroke sequence: 1, 3, 4, 2.

Short description of the invention

The present invention resolves the identified technical problems with the engine head 3 with the valve tube 1, consisting of a pair of chambers, where the pair of chambers contains a suction chamber 2a and an exhaust chamber 2b in which the catalyser 2c can be installed.

The abovementioned valve tube 1 is inserted in the hollow socket of the valve tube 4 in the housing of the engine head 3. The housing of the engine head 3 is provided with water cooling, lubrication of the valve tube and contains thread openings 6 for fixing the plugs, the openings 7 for fixing the engine head to the engine block 110, the openings 8 for connecting the cooling system of the engine head with the cooling system of the engine block 110 the opening 9 for the supply of the lubricating oil from the oil pump through the engine block 110 to the valve tube and 9a for the discharge of the lubricating oil back through the engine block 110 to the oil vessel at the bottom of the engine block (not shown) and the opening 10 for the connection of the actuating cylinders and the related pairs of chambers 2a, 2b of the valve tube 1. The drive of the valve tube is provided by the gear transmission 5 from the working or arm shaft with the gear ratio of 4: 1.

In the second embodiment, the engine head 83 has two parallel valve tubes 91a and 91b, where the valve tube 91a only contains suction chambers and the valve tube 91b only contains the exhaust chambers in which the catalysers are installed. Both valve tubes 91a and 91b are inserted in the housing 83a of the engine head 83 in the hollow sockets 131 and 132 which are actually the same as those of engine head 3 with one valve tube.

Similarly to the engine head 3 with one valve tube, the engine head 83 with two valve tubes is provided with water cooling, lubrication of both valve tubes and contains thread openings 84 for fixing the plugs, the openings 87 for fixing the engine head to the engine block (not shown), the openings 108 for connecting the cooling system of the engine head 83 with the cooling system of the engine block, the opening 109 for the supply of the lubricating oil from the oil pump through the engine block to each valve tube and 107 for the discharge of the lubricating oil back through the engine block to the oil vessel at the bottom of the engine block (not shown), and the opening 101 for the connection of the actuating cylinders and the related chambers of the valve tubes 91a, 91b. In both embodiments, looking from the front side of the engine (where the gear transmission 5, 5a, 95a, b, c is located), the main shaft rotates rightwards and the valve tube(s) in the opposite direction.

Brief description of the figures

Below we present a more detailed description of the invention by means of the attached figures which show the following:

Figure 1 Engine with valve shaft in accordance with this invention in vertical section, first embodiment Figure 2 First embodiment of engine head, viewing from upfront,

Figure 3 First embodimentof valve tube with shown chambers and chamber openings and the drive of the valve tube,

Figure 4 First embodiment of engine without the valve shaft in vertical section,

Figure 5 First embodiment of engine head, viewing from the bottom side,

Figure 6 Vertical section of first embodiment of engine head, through the suction chamber, Figure 7 Vertical section of first embodiment of engine head, through the exhaustion chamber, catalyser shown,

Figure 8 Second embodiment of engine head, viewing from upfront,

Figure 9 Second embodiment of valve tubes with shown chambers and chamber openings and the drive of the valve tubes,

Figure 10 Second embodiment of the engine head, view from the bottom side, Figure 11 Second embodiment of engine head with valve shaft, in vertical section through the exhaust valve tube, Figure 12 Second embodiment of engine head with valve shaft, in vertical section through the suction valve tube, Figure 13 Vertical section of the second embodiment of engine head.

Detailed description of the invention First embodiment

The subject of the present invention is an engine head 3 with the valve tube 1, consisting of a pair of chambers, where the pair of chambers contains a suction chamber 2a and an exhaust chamber 2b in which optionally catalyser 2c can be installed.

As shown in figure 1 , the chambers 2a and 2b are airtight and separated from each other by means of interior walls 2d of the valve tube 1.

Each chamber 2a, 2b has two openings on the rim of the valve tube 1, positioned at 180° to each other. The openings of individual next in stroke suction chambers 2a, are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber.

The openings of individual next in stroke exhaust chambers 2b, are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber.

Each opening of the suction chamber 2a and each opening of the exhaust chamber 2b comprises between 24° and 32° and preferably between 27° and 29° of the valve tube rim.

Consequently, the angle between the end of the opening of one exhaust or suction chamber 2a, 2b and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke exhaust or suction chamber 2a, 2b is between 16° and 18°. The angle between the end of the opening of the suction chamber 2a and the beginning of the opening of the exhaust chamber 2b on the same cylinder is less than 28°. In the case of a valve tube for the engine with four actuating cylinders, there are eight chambers, namely four suction chambers 2a and four exhaust chambers 2b. The pairs of chambers 2a, 2b follow each other along the valve tube in any sequence, whereby the sequence of the operation of the actuating cylinders is determined (e.g. 1 , 3 , 4, 2) The valve tube 1 is rotating and inserted in the socket of the valve tube 4 with the openings 4a, 4b on the rim, in pairs, all 4a openings being in the same line parallel to the axis of the socket 4 and the opposite 4b openings being turned around by 180° and of the same size and form than the openings on the valve tube 1, so that in the moment when the suction chamber 2a is open, the opening of this chamber is completely covered with the corresponding 4a opening on the valve tube so that the gas mixture can flow freely from the suction duct 4c through the opening 4b in the socket of the valve tube, through the suction chamber 2a and onwards through the opening 4a and the opening 10 for the connection of actuating cylinders and the related pairs of chambers in the corresponding actuating cylinder. The same applies also in case the exhaust chamber 2b is open; however, in this case the exhaust gases travel from the actuating valve through the opening 10, through the opening 4a, through the exhaust chamber 2b and the opening 4b in the exhaust duct 4d.

The valve tube 1 and its socket 4 are made of material resistant to high temperatures and chemical impacts, with good sliding characteristics, good welding characteristics and high strength. Such material is for example austenite stainless steel with the designation NAR-AH- 4, produced by Sumitomo Metal Industries, JP.

The valve tube 1 consists of the shaft 11 on which it is supported by the front bearing 12 and the rear bearing 13, with the front bearing located in the front cover 14 of the engine head 3 and the rear bearing in the rear cover of the engine head 3. The engine head covers 14 and 15 are attached to the housing of the engine head by screws 21 and 22 (Figures 2 and 5). Cylinders are arranged on the said shaft 11 of the valve tube 1 with the openings that constitute chambers 2a and 2b and are joined (welded) together so that they cannot be taken apart; they are also welded on the said shaft 11.

Catalysers 2c are inserted in the exhaust chambers and protected against rotation around the axis of the shaft 11 by means of known technique (e.g. external treenails 71 (figure 7)), before adding the next cylinder. Such valve tube 1 has a long stump on the front side on which the gear 5a is installed that runs the valve shaft (Figure 3) and has a smaller external diameter than the external diameter of the valve tube 1 and the central opening 16 with thread M6 or similar on the rear side, used for extracting the valve tube 1 from the socket 4, which enables simple maintenance and cleaning of the valve tube.

As shown on figure 3, the valve tube 1 has radial washers 2e on the outer rim, in pairs between the adjacent chambers 2a, 2b and the axial washers 2f, placed along the axial rim of each opening of the suction chamber and each opening of the exhaust chamber 2b. Radial hoop washers have rectangular cross section and are made of ceramic or high-alloyed steel with phosphate film which improves the sliding characteristics, while the axial washers are made of elastomeric sealants with round cross section.

The washers 2e and 2f prevent the mixing of gas mixtures of two adjacent chambers and leaking of the gas mixture into the space between the valve shaft and the socket of the valve shaft 4 (Figure 1).

The catalyser 2c (Figure 7) consists of the support body made of ceramics (aluminium silicate), coated with intermediate supporting layer (e.g. aluminium oxide) and the upper catalytic layer which consists of platinum crystals.

As shown in figure 7, the catalyser is made of full material (one piece) with an opening in the middle for inserting the shaft 11 ; there are several openings running through the body of the catalyser which considerably increase the area of the catalyser. The external form of the catalyser is adjusted so that it can be inserted in the round exhaust chamber. The valve tube is inserted in the socket of the valve tube 4 in the engine head 3. The engine head 3 for the valve tube 1 contains the housing of the engine head 3a which is hollow and in which the socket of the valve tube 4 is located. The space between the exterior walls of the engine head housing 3a and the socket of the valve tube 4 is intended for the flow of the cooling agent which enters into the engine head 3 through the opening 3b and flows through the opening 8 into the cooling system of the engine block.

The lubrication of the valve tube is provided by means of oil pump (not shown) which pushes the lubricating oil from the oil tub on the bottom of the engine upwards through the engine block and through the opening 9 (Figure 6) to the manifold 61 (Figure 6) which is located in the socket of the valve tube, is parallel and ramified in such a manner that it leads to all pairs of radial washers to which it brings the oil. The residual oil flows upward through the tubes, back to the oil channel 3c which is placed on the top of the engine head in the presented embodiment and from there through the ttibe 72 and further on through the opening 9a through the engine block down to the oil tub at the bottom of the engine block. On one side, the engine head has openings 6 for attaching the plugs and vertical openings 7 for inserting the stub bolts for attaching the engine head 3. On the engine block 110. On the bottom side, the engine head 3 has openings 10 for the connection of the actuating cylinders and the corresponding pairs of chambers 2a, 2b of valve tube 1. The openings 10 represent the entrance or the bottom side of the combustion chamber in the engine head 3. The combustion chamber has four openings, namely, the opening 10 on the bottom side and two series openings 4a on the top side, one of them connecting the combustion chamber with the suction chamber 2a and the other one the exhaust chamber 2b. The fourth opening is a thread opening 6 for attaching the plugs (not shown).

In the typical construction with actuating cylinders in a row (e.g. four), the valve tube 1 is inserted in the engine head so it runs over all the cylinders.

The valve tube is installed in such a way that there is one pair of chambers 2a, 2b installed above each actuating cylinder which are periodically connected through the opening 10 with the corresponding actuating cylinder.

Second embodiment

In the second embodiment of the engine head with a valve tube and optional catalyser, the engine head 83 has two parallel valve tubes 91a and 91b, where the valve tube 91a only contains suction chambers 92a and the valve tube 91b only contains the exhaust chambers 92b in which the catalysers are installed (Figures 11 and 12).

Each chamber 92a, 92b has two openings on the rim of the valve tube 91a, 91b, positioned at

180° to each other. The openings of individual next in stroke suction chambers 92a on the suction valve tube 91a are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber.

Consequently, the angle between the end of the opening of one suction chamber 92a and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke suction chamber 92a is between 16° and 18°.

The openings of individual next in stroke exhaust chambers 92b on the exhaust valve tube 91b are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber.

Consequently, the angle between the end of the opening of one exhaust chamber 92b and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke exhaust chamber 92b is between 16° and 18°.

Each opening of the suction chamber 92a and each opening of the exhaust chamber 92b comprises between 24° and 32° and preferably between 27° and 29° of the valve tube rim 91a,

91b.

In the case of the engine with four actuating cylinders, there are four suction chambers 92a in the suction valve tube 91a and four exhaust chambers 2a and four exhaust chambers 92b in the suction valve tube 91b. The first suction chamber 92a in the suction valve tube 91a and the first exhaust chamber 92b in the suction chamber 91b belong to the first actuating cylinder and constitute a pair of chambers.

The pairs of chambers 92a, 92b follow each other along the valve tubes in any sequence, whereby the sequence of the operation of the actuating cylinders is determined (e.g. 1 , 3 , 4,

2).

Both valve tubes 91a and 91b are inserted in the housing 83a of the engine head 83 in the sockets of the valve tubes 131 and 132 (Figure 13) which are he same as those of engine head

3 with one valve tube.

The suction valve tube 91a consists of the shaft 121 on which it is supported by the front bearing 122 and the rear bearing 123, with the front bearing located in the front cover 124 of the engine head 83 and the rear bearing in the rear cover of the engine head 83. The engine head covers 124 and 125 are attached to the housing of the engine head 83a by screws 126 and 127 (Figures 12 and 10).

There are cylinders on the said shaft 121 of the suction valve tube 91a with the openings that constitute chambers 92a and are joined (welded) together so that they cannot be taken apart; they are also welded on the said shaft 121.

Such valve tube 91a has a long stub on the front side on which the gear 95a is installed and makes up for a gear pair together with the gear 95 c that runs the valve shaft (Figure 9) and has a smaller external diameter than the external diameter of the valve tube 91a and the central opening 128 with the thread M6 or similar on the rear side, used for extracting the valve tube

91a from the socket 131, which enables simple maintenance and cleaning of the valve tube

91a.

The exhaust valve tube 91b consists of the shaft 111 on which it is supported by the front bearing 112 and the rear bearing 113, with the front bearing 112 located in the front cover 124 of the engine head 83 and the rear bearing in the rear cover of the engine head 83. The engine head covers 124 and 125 are attached to the housing of the engine head 83a by screws 126 and 127 (Figures 11 and 10).

Cylinders are arranged on the said shaft 111 of the exhaust valve tube 91b with the openings that constitute chambers 92b in which the catalyser is inserted and which are joined (welded) together so that they cannot be taken apart; they are also welded on the said shaft 111. Such valve tube 91b has a long stub on the front side on which the gear 95b is installed and makes up for a gear pair together with the gear 95c that runs the valve shaft (Figure 9) and has a smaller external diameter than the external diameter of the valve tube 91b and the central opening 118 with the thread M6 or similar on the rear side, used for extracting the valve tube 91b from the socket 132, which enables simple maintenance and cleaning of the exhaust valve tube 91b, including the catalysers 92c.

As shown on figure 9, the valve tubes 91a, 91b have radial washers 91 e on the outer rim, in pairs between the adjacent suction chambers 92a on the valve tube 91a or between the adjacent exhaust chambers 92b on the valve tube 91b and the axial washers 9 If, placed along the axial rim of each opening of the suction chamber 92a on the suction valve tube 91a and each opening of the exhaust chamber 92b on the exhaust valve tube 91b. Catalysers 92c are inserted in the exhaust chambers and protected against rotation around the axis of the shaft 111 by means of known technique (e.g. external keys 141 (figure 7)), before adding the next cylinder. The washers and the catalyser are the same as those in the first embodiment of the engine head described above. The washers 91 e and 9 If prevent the mixing of gas mixtures of two adjacent chambers and leaking of the gas mixture into the space between the valve shaft and the corresponding socket of the valve shaft 131, 132.

The materials of the components of the second embodiment are the same as with equal components described for the first embodiment.

The drive of the valve tube is provided by the gear transmission pairs 95a, 95c and 95b, 95c from the working or arm shaft with the gear ratio of 4:1.

The suction valve tube 91a is revolving and inserted in the socket 131. The exhaust valve tube 91b is revolving and inserted in the socket 132 (Figure 13).

The socket 131 has openings 101a, 101c on the rim, in pairs, all 101a openings being in the same line parallel to the axis of the socket 131 and the opposite 101c openings being turned around by 180° and of the same size and form than the openings on the valve tube 91a, so that in the moment when the suction chamber 92a is open, the opening of this chamber is completely covered with the corresponding 101a opening on the valve tube 91a so that the gas mixture can flow freely from the suction duct 4c through the opening 4b in the socket of the valve tube, through the suction chamber (not shown) and onwards through the opening 101c on the valve tube socket 91a, through the suction chamber 92a and through the openinge 101a and 101 for the connection of actuating cylinders and the related pairs of chambers in the corresponding actuating cylinder. The same applies also in case the exhaust chamber 92b of the exhaust valve tube 91b is open; however, in this case the exhaust gases travel from the actuating valve through the openings 101 and 101b, through the exhaust chamber 92b and the opening 1 Old in the exhaust duct (not shown).

The engine head 83 contains the housing of the engine head 85 which is hollow and in which the sockets of the valve tubes 131, 132 are located. The space between the exterior walls of the engine head housing 85 and the sockets of the valve tubes 131, 132 is intended for the flow of the cooling agent which enters into the engine head 83 through the opening 86 and flows through the opening 108 into the cooling system of the engine block.

The lubrication of the valve tubes 91a, 91b is similar to that of the first embodimenr with one valve tube provided by means of oil pump (not shown) which pushes the lubricating oil from the oil tub on the bottom of the engine upwards through the engine block and through the opening 109 (Figure 10) to the manifolds 133, 134 (Figure 13) which are located in the sockets of the valve tube, are parallel and ramified in such a manner that they lead to all pairs, of radial washers to which it brings the oil. The residual oil flows upward through the tubes ^■■ 135, 136 to the oil channels 137, 138 which are placed on the top of the engine head in the presented embodiment and from there through the tubes 139, 140 and further on through the opening 107 through the engine block down to the oil tub at the bottom of the engine block. On one side, the engine head has the openings 84 for attaching the plugs and vertical openings 87 for inserting the stub bolts for attaching the engine head 83, on the engine block 110. On the bottom side, the engine head 83 has the openings 101 for the connection of the actuating cylinders and the corresponding suction and exhaust chambers 92a, 92b of the valve tubes 91a, 91b. The openings 101 represent the entrance or the bottom side of the combustion chamber in the engine head 83. The combustion chamber has four openings, namely, the opening 101 on the bottom side and two parallel openings 101a and 101b on the top side, of which the opening 101a connects the combustion chamber with the suction chamber 92a and the opening 101b the exhaust chamber 92b. The fourth opening is a thread opening 84 for attaching the plugs (not shown). In the typical construction with the actuating cylinders (e.g. four) in a row, the valve tubes 91a, 91b are inserted in the engine head 83 so that they run through all the cylinders. The valve tubes 91a, 91b are installed in such a way that there is one pair of chambers 92a, 2b installed on the opposite sides above each actuating cylinder which are periodically connected through the openings in the sockets of the valve tubes 101a and 101b with the corresponding actuating cylinder. In both cases, the "lambda" probe is installed on the collector of exhaust gases which is not shown in the figures but which is known, namely, for the point where the exhaust ducts which lead the exhaust gases from individual valves merge into a single duct. It is also possible to integrate more "lambda" probes on each individual duct or even a combination of the two types.

Similarly to the engine heads with a cam shaft, both above embodiments require that the valve tubes be set appropriately, depending on the cylinder position, before the first starting of the engine; this is done in the same way as with other well-known engine heads which is why the patent application provides no specific description of such setup. The described embodiments of the internal combustion engine head resolve all the specified technical problems, namely:

The engine head has fewer movable parts and components in general, which reduces the possibility of errors and defects.

The valve shaft and the piston do not move in the same direction and cannot come close to- each other or ran into each other, which eliminates the possibility of machinery breakdown in the case of a displacement of the valve shaft.

The catalyser is installed close to the combustion point, which eliminates the problem of- delayed heating of the catalyser, as the catalyser is heated practically immediately. The position of the "lambda" probe is behind the catalyser and thereby examines the quality! of exhaust gases on the exit from the catalyser.

During the maintenance of the engine head, the valve tube 1, 91a, 91b, together with the gear 5 a, 95 a, 95b can be pulled out from the engine head and cleaned, which is particularly important for the catalyser, and than put back into the socket 4, 131, 132. The combustion chamber is extremely small and its volume can be adjusted to the requirements of a specific engine by means of appropriate designing of the head. The invention concerned is described on the basis of two concrete examples with primarily illustrating purpose, but is in no case limited to these two examples.

Dusan Djukic Mark-Inventa

Claims

1. Valve tube (1), characterized in that is consists of shaft (11) on which it is supported by the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (13), with the front bearing (12) located in the front cover (14) of the engine head (3) and the rear bearing (13) in the rear cover (15) of the engine head (3), where cylinders are arranged on the abovementioned shaft (1) of the valve tube (1) with prefabricated openings which constitute the chambers (2a, 2b) and which cannot be separated from each other and are welded to the abovementioned shaft (11) with a long stump on the front side on which the gear (5a) is installed that runs the valve shaft and a thread central opening (16) for extracting the valve tube (1) from the socket (4).

2. Valve tube according to claim 1, characterized in that it has radial washers (2e) on the outer rim, in pairs between the two adjacent chambers (2a, 2b) and the axial washers (2f), placed along the axial rim of each opening of the suction chamber (2a) and each opening of the exhaust chamber (2b) which prevent the mixing of gas mixtures of two adjacent chambers and leaking of the gas mixture into the space between the valve shaft (1) and the socket of the valve shaft (4).

3. Valve tube according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that, the valve tube has a catalyser (2c) integrated in the exhaust chamber (2b).

4. Valve tube according to claim 1 and 2 or 3, characterized in that, each chamber (2a, 2b) has two openings on the rim of the valve tube (1), positioned at 180° to each other, where the openings of individual next in stroke suction chambers (2a) are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber (2b) and where the openings of individual next in stroke exhaust chambers (2b) are also 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chambers and where each opening of the suction chamber (2a) and each opening of the exhaust chamber (2b) comprises between 24° and 32° and preferably between 27° and 29° of the valve tube rim (1) while the . angle between the end of the opening of one exhaust or suction chamber (2a, 2b) and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke exhaust or suction chamber (2a, 2b) is between 16° and 18°.

5. Internal combustion engine head (3), characterized in that it contains a housing of the engine head (3 a) in which the valve tube socket (4) is located with a round cross-section and an opening (4a) with inserted rotating round valve tube (1), according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, which contains pairs of suction chambers (2a) and exhaust chambers (2b) with the number of the abovementioned pairs of chambers being the same as the number of actuating cylinders of the engine.

6. Internal combustion engine head according to claim 5, characterized in that, the engine head contains thread openings (6) for fixing the plugs, the openings (7) for fixing the engine head to the engine block (110), the opening (3b) for the inflow of the cooling agent in the engine head, the opening (8) for connecting the cooling system of the engine head with the cooling system of the engine block (110) the opening (9) for the supply of the lubricating oil from the oil pump through the engine block to the valve tube and (9a) for the discharge of the lubricating oil back through the engine block to the oil vessel at the bottom of the engine block and the opening (10) for the connection of the cylinders and the related pairs of chambers (2a, 2b) of the valve tube (1).

7. Internal combustion engine head according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the ratio of the revolutions of the valve tube (1) and the working shaft of the engine 4:1.

8. Suction valve tube (91a), characterized in that, it consists of shaft (121) on which it is supported by the front bearing (122) and the rear bearing (123), with the front bearing (122) located in the front cover (124) of the engine head (83) and the rear bearing (123) in the rear cover (125) of the engine head (83), where cylinders are arranged on the abovementioned shaft (121) of the suction valve tube (91a) with prefabricated openings which constitute the chambers (92a) and which cannot be separated from each other and are welded to the abovementioned shaft (121) with a long stub on the front side on which the gear (95a) is installed, which makes up a pair together with the gear (95c), that runs the valve shaft (91a) and a thread central opening (128) for extracting the valve tube (91a) from the socket (131).

9. Exhaust valve tube (91b), characterized in that, it consists of shaft (111) on which it is supported by the front bearing (112) and the rear bearing (113), with the front bearing (112) located in the front cover (124) of the engine head (83) and the rear bearing (112) in the rear cover (115) of the engine head (83), where cylinders are arranged on the abovementioned shaft (111) of the exhaust valve tube (91b) with prefabricated openings which constitute the exhaust chambers (92b) with integrated catalyser (92c) and which cannot be separated from each other and are welded to the abovementioned shaft (111) with a long stub on the front side on which the gear (95b) is installed, which makes up a pair together with the gear (95c), that runs the valve shaft (91b) and a thread central opening (118) for extracting the valve tube (91b) from the socket (132).

10. Suction valve tube (91a) according to claim 8, characterized in that, it has radial washers (9Ie) on the outer rim, in pairs between the two adjacent suction chambers (92a) and the axial washers (9If), placed along the axial rim of each opening of the suction chamber (92a) which prevent the mixing of gas mixtures of two adjacent chambers and leaking of the gas mixture into the space between the suction valve shaft (1) and the socket of the suction valve shaft (131).

11. Exhaust valve tube (91b) according to claim 9, characterized in that, it has radial washers (9Ie) on the outer rim, in pairs between the two adjacent suction chambers (92b) on the exhaust valve tube (91b) and the axial washers (9If), placed along the axial rim of each opening of the exhaust chamber (92b) on the exhaust valve tube (91b) which prevent the mixing of gas mixtures of two adjacent chambers and leaking of the gas mixture into the space between the exhaust valve shaft and the socket of the exhaust valve shaft (132).

12. Suction valve tube (91a) according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that, that each chamber (92a) has two openings on the rim of the suction valve tube (91a), positioned at 180° to each other, where the openings of individual next in stroke suction chambers (92a) are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber (92a) as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chambers and where each opening of the suction chamber (92a) comprises between 24° and 32° and preferably between 27° and 29° of the valve tube rim (91a) while the angle between the end of the opening of one suction chamber (92a) and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke suction chamber (92a) is between 16° and 18°.

13. Exhaust valve tube (91b) according to claim 9 or 11, characterized in that, that each chamber (92b) has two openings on the rim of the exhaust valve tube (91b), positioned at 180° to each other, where the openings of individual next in stroke exhaust chambers (92b) are 45° apart from each other, as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chamber (92b) as well as the openings lying on the opposite side of the same chambers and where each opening of the exhaust chamber (92b) comprises between 24° and 32° and preferably between 27° and 29° of the valve tube rim (91a) while the angle between the end of the opening of one exhaust chamber (92b) and the beginning of the opening of the next in stroke exhaust chamber (92b) is between 16° and 18°.

14. Internal combustion engine head (83), characterized in that, it contains the housing of the engine head (83a) in which the hollow sockets (131, 132) are located with a round cross- section and the openings (101a, 101c and 101b, 10Id) with inserted rotating round valve tubes, namely, in the socket (131) the suction valve tube (91a), pursuant to the application 8, 10 or 12 which contains only suction chambers (92a) and in the socket (132) the exhaust valve tube (91b), pursuant to the application 9, 11 or 13 which contains only exhaust chambers (92b) with the number of the suction chambers (92a), the number of the exhaust chambers (92b) and the number of the actuating cylinders of the engine being the same.

15. Internal combustion engine head according to claim 14, characterized in that, the engine head contains thread openings (84) for fixing the plugs, the openings (87) for fixing the engine head to the engine block, the opening (108) for connecting the cooling system of the engine head (83) with the cooling system of the engine block the opening (109) for the supply of the lubricating oil from the oil pump through the engine block to each individual valve tube and opening (107) for the discharge of the lubricating oil back through the engine block to the oil vessel at the bottom of the engine block and the opening (101) for the connection of the cylinders and the related pairs of chambers (92a, 92b) of the valve tubes (91a and 91b).

16. Internal combustion engine head according to claims 14 or 15, characterized in that, the ratio of the revolutions of the suction valve tube (91a) and the working shaft of the engine is 4:1 and that the ratio of the revolutions of the exhaust valve tube (91b) and the working shaft of the engine is 4:1.