WO2008067716A1

WO2008067716A1 - A tittle obliquity measurer

Info

Publication number: WO2008067716A1
Application number: PCT/CN2007/003282
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhengcai Li
Original assignee: Zhengcai Li
Priority date: 2006-12-04
Filing date: 2007-11-20
Publication date: 2008-06-12
Also published as: CN101196395A

Abstract

A tittle obliquity measurer, comprises a housing(1), a gravity pendulum(3), a set of gears(2), and a indication device(4). The power shaft(210) of the gears is fixed on the housing, and is parallel to the bottom surface of the housing. The gravity pendulum and the power gear are integrated. When the tittle obliquity measurer is tilted, the gravity pendulum rotates all the gears, and the bottom surface of the housing may be normal to the central line of a vertical shaft which is to be measured, the bottom surface of the housing may be normal to and be crossed with the approximate plumb surface at the horizontal line which is parallel to the power shaft, the indication device can indicate the obliquity. The tittle obliquity measurer may have the two sets of gears with power shafts be normal with each other and be parallel to the bottom surface of the housing.

Description

Small inclination measuring instrument

Technical field

The invention relates to a measuring instrument, in particular to a measuring instrument for measuring the inclination angle of a vertical axis center line with respect to a vertical line, an approximate horizontal plane with respect to a horizontal plane, an inclination direction thereof and an inclination angle of an approximately vertical plane with respect to a vertical line. .

Background technique

During the mechanical installation process, it is necessary to accurately measure the inclination angle of the center line of the vertical rotating shaft with respect to the vertical line and the inclination direction thereof, the inclination angle of the upper surface of some components with respect to the horizontal plane, and the inclination direction or the side surface thereof with respect to The inclination angle of the plumb line, these inclination angles are generally within one thousandth of a radians. Obviously, it is only necessary to measure the angle between the two planes and the vertical line separately, and the intersection line of the two planes can be obtained with respect to the vertical line. The inclination angle and the inclination direction thereof are respectively measured, and the angles between the two intersecting straight lines in the plane and the horizontal plane are respectively measured, and the inclination angle of the plane with respect to the horizontal plane and the inclination direction thereof can be obtained. Hereinafter, the angle between the plane and the vertical line is the vertical inclination angle of the plane, and the angle formed by the straight line and the horizontal plane is the horizontal inclination angle of the straight line. At present, conventional measuring instruments that are not simple in structure and convenient to use are suitable for accurately measuring the vertical tilt angle and for accurately measuring the horizontal tilt angle.

At present, the measurement of the inclination angle of the center line of the large vertical rotating shaft with respect to the vertical line and the inclination direction thereof is generally obtained by measuring the swing of the different height positions on the shaft in various directions by the turning method, and it is necessary to use mechanical or The electric turning tool rotates the shaft, and the shaft cannot be uniformly loaded in all directions, and the shaft cannot be stopped at the designated position every time, so that the measurement error is large, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low. The inventor applied for the CN1455237A. The patent specification No. 02116985.3, "Method and Apparatus for Measuring Large Vertical Shaft", proposes a method and a device for measuring the inclination angle of the vertical axis center line with respect to the vertical line and the inclination direction thereof without using a disk. However, the dial indicator needs to be improved, and the elevation of several preset points needs to be measured. Finally, the measurement results need to be calculated more complicatedly.

The box level introduced in the sixth edition of the Practical Hardware Handbook, page 23.17, is currently measuring flat water. The flat instrument with higher precision is to measure the level according to the thickness of the pad and the bubble offset by adding a thin gauge on the bottom surface of the side of the level to make the bubble substantially in the middle position. From a microscopic point of view, the bottom surface of the level gauge is only in line contact with the inner edge of the pad feeler. When considering the angle at which the level is padded, it is usually assumed that the end position of the bottom surface of the level is padded with the thickness of the feeler gauge, which will cause a calculation error; When the level is compacted and the bubbles are observed from different directions, the measurement error will be generated. In addition, when the level is placed on the horizontal surface, the bubble should be in the middle position, for example, the bubble is biased to one side, and the ordinary user cannot adjust it. .

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small inclination measuring instrument capable of accurately measuring a small vertical inclination angle and a horizontal inclination angle, by which the two or more axial center lines can be accurately measured without rotating the vertical shaft. The cutting plane is the vertical inclination angle of the axial section to calculate the inclination angle of the center line with respect to the vertical line and the inclination direction thereof, and can also accurately measure the horizontal inclination angle of the two intersecting straight lines in the upper surface of the approximate horizontal level on the object to calculate the measured angle. The angle of inclination of the surface relative to the horizontal plane and its oblique direction.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the micro-tilt measuring instrument of the present invention comprises a casing, a gravity pendulum, a wheel train, a reading device, and the gear ratio of the wheel train conforms to the measurement accuracy requirement, and the absolute value of the gear ratio reciprocal is the angle of the gear train. The magnification is generally several thousand times; the wheel drive shaft is assembled on the housing or the part that does not move relative to the housing, and the drive shaft is parallel to the bottom surface of the housing; the gravity swing is integrated with the drive wheel of the wheel train, due to The gravity direction of the object always points to the center of the earth. When the small inclination measuring instrument is tilted by a small angle around the direction of rotation of the driving shaft within its range, the gravity pendulum will drive the entire wheel train to rotate, when the center plane of the center line of the driving shaft and the bottom surface of the casing When the intersection line is a horizontal line, the wheel train is said to be at a zero tilt position, and the drive shaft of the train wheel at a zero tilt position can be rotated in both directions; the bottom surface of the housing can be perpendicular to the bottom by using the structure of the housing itself or special equipment. Measuring the center line of the vertical shaft, and also making the bottom surface of the housing perpendicular to the measured vertical plane and intersecting the horizontal line parallel to the driving shaft; a reading device comprising at least a pointer attached to the end of the driven shaft exposing the surface of the housing and a dial indicating the angle of rotation of the pointer, the dial preferably being rotatable over the entire circumference if the pointer is Small inclination measuring instrument Within the range of the range, the entire circumference can be rotated. A pointer is connected to the end of a certain intermediate shaft, and a fixed dial is arranged on the surface of the casing to indicate the rotation angle of the intermediate shaft. .

As a preferred construction of the present invention, the retaining block is provided on the housing such that the angle of rotation of the drive shaft of the train at zero tilt position in both directions is not large and equal.

As a further improvement of the present invention, two sets of devices having the above functions consisting of a train wheel, a gravity pendulum, and a reading device are disposed inside the casing of the small inclination measuring instrument, wherein the driving axes of the two wheel trains are perpendicular to each other and both The bottom surface of the housing is parallel.

The micro-tilt measuring instrument has a simple structure, and can accurately measure the vertical tilt angle and the horizontal tilting fish. When measuring the vertical tilt angle of the large vertical shaft axis, the shaft is not rotated, which is greatly improved compared with the conventional turning method. Measuring efficiency, reducing measurement cost, and measuring accuracy are also high; compared with the frame level meter, the horizontal tilt angle can be measured without padding, so the calculation process is omitted and the error caused by the padding position and the like is avoided.

DRAWINGS

The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a micro-tilt measuring instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a portion of the A-A view showing a schematic structure of the drive wheel of the present invention and the positional relationship of the limit block and the gravity pendulum. .

3 is a front elevational view of a dial of a micro-tilt measuring instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 shows a special device for placing the housing when measuring the vertical tilt angle.

detailed description

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the micro-tilt measuring instrument of the present invention. The housing 1 is actually composed of a plurality of components. The structure of the rotating device 43 embedded in the housing 1 is exactly the same as that of the dial indicator movable dial device. The disk, the elastic expansion ring, the transparent glass cover, the fixing ring of the glass cover, etc., the structural features and the combination manner are not the technical features of the present invention. For the sake of simplicity, the housing 1 and the rotating device 43 are schematically illustrated in FIG. Draw as a whole. The housing 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape; the overall number 2 is a fixed axle wheel The system is composed of a driving wheel 21, an intermediate wheel and a driven wheel 23. The gears are integrally formed with the rotating shaft thereof, and the intermediate wheel is a double gear. The driving shaft 210 and the intermediate shaft 220 and the driven shaft 230 are parallel to each other. The driving wheel 21 The outer wheel 221 of the intermediate wheel is externally engaged, the large wheel 222 of the intermediate wheel is externally meshed with the driven wheel 23, the driving shaft 210 and the intermediate shaft 220 are assembled on the casing 1, and the driven shaft 230-end is assembled on the casing 1. The other end is mounted on a support plate 232 fixed by three support columns 231. The reading device 4 includes a pointer 41 and a pointer 44 respectively connected to the driven shaft 230 of the extended housing 1, the end of the intermediate shaft 220, and the pointer 44. A circular dial 42 and a rotating device 43 and a dial 45 which can rotate around the entire circumference are arranged on the surface of the casing, and the diameter of the dial 45 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the dial 42, wherein the intermediate wheel and the active The ratio of the rotational speed of the wheel 21 is -1000 Θ, and the negative sign indicates that the rotation directions of the two gears are opposite. The reciprocal of the gear ratio of the wheel train is the ratio of the rotational speed of the driven wheel 23 to the driving wheel 21 is 6283. It is easy to know that when the driving wheel 21 is wound Shun (reverse) clock direction rotation When one of the sub-arc, about the reverse pointer 44. (cis) clockwise direction of rotation Θ radians, the pointer 41 about the forward (reverse) rotation clockwise direction i.e. 2 π radians. Referring to FIG. 2, it is only for explaining a schematic structure of the driving wheel 21 of the present invention and the positional relationship between the limiting block 5 and the gravity pendulum 3, and the portion irrelevant in the Α-Α view is not shown, due to the inclination required to be measured. It is not large, so two limiting blocks 5 are arranged on the casing 1 for limiting the rotatable range of the gravity pendulum 3, so that the driving shaft 210 of the wheel train 2 at the zero inclination position can be rotated in two directions. Equally, both are about 0.0035 radians; the driving wheel 21 retains only a part of the teeth, which ensures that the driving wheel 21 and the intermediate wheel small wheel 221 remain engaged regardless of the inclination of the housing 1, and the gravity pendulum 3 is coupled to the engagement of the driving wheel 21. The area is opposite the other end of the drive shaft 210. As shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that the base color of the dial 42 and the dial 45 are both white, and there are seven scale lines on a circular arc area on the dial 45 centering on the intermediate shaft 220, and these scale lines can be extended to intersect at At the end of the intermediate shaft 220, the angle between the adjacent two scale lines is Θ 度, in the counterclockwise direction, the black font is used to mark 3, 2, 1, and 0 next to the first four tick marks, and the red font is used next to the last three tick marks. Mark 1, 2, 3 in turn, when the wheel train 2 is in the zero tilt position, the pointer 44 points to the 0 scale line; uniformly draw 100 scale lines on the circumference of the dial 42 and press the counterclockwise direction based on a certain scale line. Mark the black numbers 0, 10, ..., 90 next to the corresponding tick marks, and clockwise direction based on the 0 tick marks. Marked with the red numbers 0, 10, ..., 90 next to the corresponding tick marks, 0 and 50 can no longer be marked, read the measurement results read only the same color number, which can reduce the probability of error. The micro-tilt measuring instrument having the above structure can accurately measure the horizontal inclination of the intersection of the normal plane of the driving shaft 210 and the measured surface on which the micro-tilt measuring instrument is placed, and the measuring accuracy is one-hundredth of a hundredth of a degree. Figure 4 shows a special device for placing a small inclination measuring instrument when measuring the vertical tilt angle, which comprises a vertical plate 61, a bottom plate 62, and a knob 63, wherein the vertical plate 61 is made of a magnetic material, and the outer surface of the vertical plate 61 64 is perpendicular to the upper surface 6 of the bottom plate 62. An isosceles trapezoidal groove is machined in the direction perpendicular to the upper surface 66 of the bottom plate 62 on the outer surface 64 of the riser 61, and a non-conductive layer is attached to the inner surface 65 of the riser 61. The magnetic material can make the gravity pendulum of the small inclination measuring instrument placed on the bottom plate 62 not affected by the magnetic field of the vertical plate 61, and the magnetic plate 61 can be magnetized by the knob 63 to be adsorbed on the magnetic conductive surface or the cylindrical surface. When the knob W is used, the vertical plate 61 is demagnetized. Theoretically, when measuring the inclination angle of the vertical axis center line with respect to the vertical line and the inclination direction thereof, the center line should be perpendicular to the bottom surface of the casing 1 and measured as the vertical inclination angle parallel to the axial section of the driving shaft 210, and the actual measurement is performed. When the direction of the swing of the gravity pendulum 3 is as close as possible to the center line, the measurement error can be neglected. When measuring the vertical inclination angle of the side plane of the object, the plate 61 is attracted to the surface to be measured, and the upper surface 66 of the bottom plate 62 is The intersection of the measured surface is as horizontal as possible, and the drive shaft 210 is as parallel as possible to the surface to be measured. When measuring the horizontal inclination, after measuring at a certain position, the small inclination meter is turned 180° and measured at the original position. One-half of the difference between the two readings is the measured horizontal inclination. The average of the two readings is the train. 2 When the pointer 41 is in the position of zero tilt position, the rotating device 43 is rotated to the corresponding scale, so that the pointer 41 is aligned to the zero position when the micro-tilt measuring instrument is placed on the horizontal surface, and is measured by the adjusted micro-tilt measuring instrument. The inclination can be read directly at the angle of inclination without having to adjust the head. .

The above embodiments may be further improved in the following aspects: The bottom of the casing 1 may be three or more coplanar support points not on the same straight line; the above-mentioned vertical plate 61 with the knob 63 is used as the casing 1 The drive shaft 210 is parallel and perpendicular to one side of the bottom surface of the casing 1; the wheel train 2 can be suitably modified, such as adding an intermediate wheel, and other gear trains such as planetary gear trains can also be used; by setting a pair of axle angles in the train wheel train a 90° bevel gear, or a rack with teeth on both sides perpendicular to each other and two The spur gears mesh so that the driven shaft and the drive shaft are perpendicular to each other, thereby arranging the reading device 4 on the top of the casing 1.

Another embodiment of the present invention is: In the above embodiment and its modification, the inside of the casing 1 of the micro-tilt measuring instrument is further provided with a set of the wheel train 2, the gravity pendulum 3, and the reading device 4. The device, wherein the drive shafts 210 of the two trains 2 are perpendicular to each other and are parallel to the bottom surface of the housing 1. With this small inclination measuring instrument, the horizontal inclination of two straight lines perpendicular to each other in the measured surface can be measured at one time. When measuring the vertical inclination angle, the vertical inclination angle is measured by one set of wheels, and the other wheel train is placed at zero inclination position as much as possible.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and an apparatus for measuring a pitch angle or a horizontal inclination by driving a wheel having an angular amplification action by gravity pendulum is within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A micro-tilt measuring instrument, characterized in that it comprises a casing (1), a wheel train (2), a gravity pendulum (3), a reading device (4), and the gear ratio of the wheel train (2) is matched. Requirements for measurement accuracy; the drive shaft (210) of the wheel "" (2) is mounted on the housing (1) or on a component that does not move relative to the housing (1) and is parallel to the housing U) a bottom surface, the wheel train (2) is rotatable in two directions when at a zero tilt position; the gravity pendulum (3) is integrated with the driving wheel (21) of the wheel train (2); The structure of the casing (1) itself or a special device may make the bottom surface of the casing U) perpendicular to the centerline of the vertical axis to be measured, and may also make the bottom surface of the casing (1) perpendicular and intersect with the measured vertical plane. Active axis

(210) parallel horizontal lines; the reading device (4) disposed on the surface of the casing (1) at least includes a pointer (41) attached to an end of the driven shaft exposing the surface of the casing (1) and A dial (42) indicating the angle of rotation of the pointer (41).

2. The inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein: the special device comprises a vertical plate (61), a bottom plate (62), a knob (63), wherein the vertical plate (61) is made of a magnetic material. The outer surface (64) of the vertical plate (61) is perpendicular to the upper surface (66) of the bottom plate (62), and the direction perpendicular to the upper surface (66) on the outer surface (64) There is an isosceles trapezoidal groove in the riser

A non-magnetic material is attached to the inner surface (65) of (61), and the knob (63) can magnetically or demagnetize the vertical plate (61). .

3. The inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein: the housing (1) has a side made of a magnetic material parallel to the driving shaft (210) and perpendicular to the bottom surface, on the side There is an isosceles trapezoidal groove in the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface, and a non-magnetic material is attached to the inner wall of the side, and a knob for magnetizing or demagnetizing the side is provided beside the side.

4. The inclinometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the housing (1) has two limiting blocks (5) for the wheel train (2) to be in a zero tilt position The angle at which the drive shaft (210) is rotatable in both directions is not large and equal. 5. The inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein: the driving wheel (21) retains only a part of the teeth, and the gravity pendulum (3) is opposite to the driving shaft (210) ^: On the side, it is ensured that the driving wheel (21) and its driven wheel are both engaged regardless of the inclination of the casing (1).

6. The inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein: said reading device (4) comprises a rotation embedded in said housing (1) and capable of rotating said dial (42) about the entire circumference Device (43).

7. The inclinometer according to claim 1, wherein: said reading means (4) comprises a pointer (44) attached to the end of the intermediate shaft ' (220) and a dial indicating the angle of rotation of the pointer (45) ).

8. The inclinometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the reading means (4) can be arranged on a side surface or an upper surface of the casing (1).

The inclination measuring instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that two sets of the wheel train (2), the gravity pendulum (3), and the inside of the casing (1) are provided. A device constructed by the reading device (4), wherein the drive shafts (210) of the two trains (2) are perpendicular to each other and are parallel to the bottom surface of the housing (1). -