WO2008063099A1 - Agent et méthode de prévention et de traitement d'intoxications par des liquides contenant de l'alcool ou des substituts d'alcool - Google Patents
Agent et méthode de prévention et de traitement d'intoxications par des liquides contenant de l'alcool ou des substituts d'alcool Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008063099A1 WO2008063099A1 PCT/RU2007/000640 RU2007000640W WO2008063099A1 WO 2008063099 A1 WO2008063099 A1 WO 2008063099A1 RU 2007000640 W RU2007000640 W RU 2007000640W WO 2008063099 A1 WO2008063099 A1 WO 2008063099A1
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- toxicant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/095—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds, e.g. thiols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/32—Alcohol-abuse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
Definitions
- the invention relates to medicine and relates to medicines used in toxicological practice, as well as for prophylactic use, including in the household use of alcoholic beverages, associated with the risk of intoxication.
- the present invention is directed to the development of means and methods for solving problems in this field.
- Alcohols are derivatives of hydrocarbons formed by the substitution of hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. Alcohols here means any alcohol: monohydric or polyhydric, aliphatic or alicyclic, with any length of the carbon chain, any of the possible isomers. The term alcohol can also be understood as such alcohols that have different functional groups: amino alcohols, halogenated alcohols, thioalcohols, etc.
- esters of a number of alcohols for example, cellosolves
- intoxication according to this invention according to the International classification of diseases of the 10th revision (MKB-10) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) belongs to Class XIX, groups T-51, T-52.
- Typical toxicants, poisoning of which are considered in this invention, in particular, are:
- ethyl alcohol ethanol, ethyl alcohol, wine alcohol
- ethanol is not considered as an independent toxicant, however, in combination with other toxicants, its toxic effect is enhanced and specifically modified, in this case, intoxication caused by it together with other toxicants belongs to the field of the invention; according to MKB-10, the toxic effect is assigned to group T-51.0;
- propyl alcohols in particular, normal propyl alcohols - propanol, isopropyl alcohols - propanol-2, secondary propyl alcohols, petrogol, perspirite
- group T-51.2 the toxic effect is assigned to group T-51.2;
- butyl alcohols (primary n-butyl - butanol-1 or n-propylcarbinol, secondary n-butyl - butanol-2, primary isobutyl, tertiary butyl) C 4 H 9 OH; according to MKB-10, the toxic effect is assigned to group T-51.3;
- amyl alcohols (there are 8 isomers, the most used is normal amyl alcohol - pentanol-1 or n-butylcarbinol) C 5 HnOH; according to MKB-10, the toxic effect is assigned to group T-51.3.
- the toxic effects of other toxicants according to the invention belong to groups T-51.8 and T-51.9, as well as T-52 (according to MKB-10).
- Methanol is used in the paint and varnish industry, as well as for the denaturation of ethyl alcohol.
- Ethanol is used (in the main way that interests us here) for the production of a wide range of alcoholic beverages.
- Isopropyl alcohol is used to make antifreeze. Propyl alcohols are used as solvents for synthetic resins, essential oils, etc.
- Butyl alcohols are used for the manufacture of brake fluid, as solvents in a number of industries, in the processes of organic synthesis, etc.
- n-amyl alcohol is the main component of the so-called fusel oil - it is an oily liquid, an admixture of the final product of the distillation of an alcohol-containing yeast fermentation product.
- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is used as an anti-crystallizer, as well as in organic synthesis processes.
- the process of producing ethanol by yeast fermentation of Sugars during their fermentation by zymase is a catalytic multi-stage decomposition of sugar into alcohols and carbon dioxide.
- sources of bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus are added to the fermented solution (mash), which necessarily leads to the formation of, in addition to ethyl, other primary alcohols: methyl, propyl, isobutyl, isoamyl, optically active amyl (2- methylbutanol-l). All of them, except the first, are collectively called fusel oil or oils.
- the so-called volatile impurities associated with ethyl alcohol contain aldehydes, acids and ethers in the mash. Practically reliable is the fact that in the process of distillation and fractionation of the obtained aqueous-alcoholic solution, it is not possible to completely clear the aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol from other alcohols and some other volatile impurities.
- the quality of the resulting final solution of ethanol in water is determined by the amount of other remaining alcohols (the less they are, the higher the quality) and their composition.
- a certain amount of aldehydes, also formed during fermentation, is necessarily present in the final product.
- Alcohol surrogate is understood to mean defective substitutes for permitted alcoholic beverages.
- this term can mean two groups of drinks: the first group includes drinks based on food ethanol that have not been purified to standard quality, or liquids based on technical ethyl alcohol (the so-called “true” surrogates); the second group includes liquids that do not contain ethyl alcohol, or containing specially prepared mixtures of ethyl alcohol with other hydrocarbons, including alcohols and / or their derivatives.
- the first group includes, in particular:
- denatured alcohol technical alcohol with an admixture of methanol and aldehydes
- raw alcohol a product of the distillation of fermented biomass containing ethanol and fusel oils: propyl, butyl, amyl, and other alcohols and their isomers
- polishes mixtures of technical ethyl alcohol with butyl and amyl alcohols, chloroform, acetone, etc.
- the second group includes, in particular:
- a feature of CA poisoning is that in most cases, the products of biotransformation of the initial poison in the body are more toxic than the original compound.
- Such initially less toxic substances include, in particular, methanol, ethylene glycol and its esters, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, etc.
- Substances with such properties are often called toxicizable, and the process itself is toxic poisoning, which indicates the possibility of formation of more toxic substances in the metabolism than native poison , at amounts that affect the nature and severity of intoxication.
- the toxicant in this invention is called at least one of the substances selected from the group including:
- Intoxication is a pathological condition caused by a violation of chemical homeostasis due to the interaction of various biochemical structures of the body with toxic substances of exogenous or endogenous origin.
- the term intoxication refers to the entire process of development of toxicosis from its very initial symptoms to the full clinical picture of the disease, the content of which depends on the physiological role of the main toxicity receptors, i.e. certain biochemical structures with which this toxicant (poison) selectively interacts.
- Exogenous intoxications are usually called poisoning, in contrast to endogenous intoxications associated with the accumulation of toxic substances of one's own metabolism in the body (auto-intoxication).
- intoxications considered in the present invention include:
- intoxications are characterized by repeated, systematic or intermittent, intake of a toxicant in the body, usually in small, toxic doses, which is naturally accompanied by its prolonged exposure and the persistence of symptoms of a health disorder, its increase with periodic exacerbations;
- - subchronic differ from chronic ones by a shorter duration of the period of receipt of the toxicant, which is usually measured in weeks or months.
- intoxication considered here can be: lungs; moderate severity; heavy or fatal.
- Intoxication in the present invention refers to any of the above possible intoxications caused by any of the above toxicants.
- the etiological factor of the considered poisoning is alcohols and / or their derivatives, or other toxicants that accumulate in the body at a toxic concentration that can cause disturbances in chemical homeostasis, i.e. unbalance the natural system of detoxification, designed to cleanse the body of toxic substances of various origins.
- somatogenic effects arising in the system of the general adaptive reaction of the body to chemical trauma (stimulation of the function of the pituitary-adrenal system, shock reaction of centralization of blood circulation, etc.).
- the concentration factor ie the concentration of molecules of a toxic substance in the biological environment of the body (usually ⁇ g / ml), which is the leading one, since it correlates with the appearance of clinical symptoms with toxic concentration of poisons in the blood and with its further development up to a possible fatal outcome - at a fatal concentration.
- Time factor - determines the residence time of a toxic dose of poison in the body, the rate of its intake and elimination. It reflects the relationship between the duration of the poison and its toxic effect. The determination of the dynamics of concentration and time factors makes it possible to distinguish between the toxicogenic and somatogenic phases of poisoning, as well as the period of resorption and elimination of the poison in the toxicogenic phase.
- Spatial factor - determines the route of entry, elimination and space distribution of the poison, which is largely associated with the blood supply to organs and tissues
- Age factor - reflects the degree of sensitivity of the body to poison in various age periods of a person’s life, which varies significantly from childhood to old age, when resistance to toxic effects decreases by 10 times or more.
- the treatment factor determines the body's response to detoxification therapy, which allows several times to increase the concentration of tion thresholds for the development of leading symptoms of intoxication and significantly reduce the period of the toxicogenic phase.
- affinity is understood the degree of coupling of a substance to a receptor, which is measured by the reciprocal of the dissociation rate of the substance-receptor complex.
- the degree of toxicity of a substance is determined by the minimum number of its molecules, capable of binding and disabling vital target cells. Not only the number of receptors affected by poison matters, but also the degree of their significance for the life of the whole organism. The rate of formation of the poison-receptor complex, their stability, and the ability to reverse dissociation are also important, which may play a more important role than the degree of saturation of the receptors with poison.
- Non-electrolytic action means all effects that are directly determined by the physicochemical properties of a substance: for example, intoxicating, narcotic, which is characteristic of our group of toxicants (alcohols).
- membrane-toxins For most representatives of the group of substances considered here, the presence of a specific membrane-toxic action is characteristic — these are membrane-toxins. They are characterized by the presence of phospholipase activity, which results in disorganization and destruction of the main liquid crystal structure of the membranes with subsequent cell death.
- LPO lipid peroxidation
- Detoxification as one of the most important mechanisms of chemical resistance - is a complex of biochemical and biophysical reactions of the body, aimed at maintaining chemical homeostasis, which is provided by the cooperative function of several systems of natural detoxification (neutralization of toxic substances of exogenous and endogenous origin) including:
- liver detoxification system microsomal - with the participation of P-450 enzymes and non-microsomal - as part of specific enzymes for biotransformation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances.
- enzymes are alcohol dehydrogenase, liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.
- the normal function of the general system of natural detoxification provides a fairly reliable cleansing of the body of exo- and endogenous toxic substances when their concentration in the blood does not exceed a certain threshold level. Otherwise, the accumulation of molecules of toxic substances at toxicity receptors with the development of the picture of poisoning.
- the degree of its severity depends on a combination of various factors, in some cases it may be partially or largely related to the accumulation of metabolites, which are much more toxic than the native substance (methanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), whose biotransformation proceeds along the path of toxicity .
- the intensity of exposure to toxic substances on the body increases with existing premorbid disorders from the main detoxification systems, especially liver, kidney and immune functions (situational toxicity), as well as in elderly and senile patients. In this case, toxic effects develop when the concentration of toxin in the blood is less than the threshold.
- Treatment of poisoning includes the combined conduct of special therapeutic measures in two main directions:
- antidotes allows for certain types of poisoning with severe selective toxicity to directly affect the toxic substance or its receptors and reduce its toxicity.
- Methods of detoxification in the somatogenic stage are also aimed at eliminating endotoxemia, which develops in cases of damage to parenchymal organs (for example, in acute renal or hepatic insufficiency).
- Nonspecific action is associated with the peculiarities of physicochemical properties and is due to the so-called non-electrolyte action (the action of a whole molecule of a substance by the mechanism of presence).
- the non-electrolyte effect is manifested by fluidization of the membranes and, as a consequence, a violation of their functions.
- the osmotic activity inherent in alcohols causes fluid movements between various organs and tissues, suppression of platelet aggregation, sensitization of the myocardium to adrenaline with the development of arrhythmias.
- the clinical picture of poisoning by non-electrolytes which include alcohols and their metabolites, is characterized by a state of intoxication, a decrease in the contractility of the myocardium, and a disorder of intracellular metabolism.
- Ethanol is oxidized by oxide by reductases: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the cytosol of hepatocytes (this is a specific NAD-dependent enzyme), microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) of the liver, as well as by catalase, oxidase and peroxidase in tissues.
- ADH alcohol dehydrogenase
- MEOS microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system
- ethyl alcohol aldehyde is formed - acetaldehyde.
- Acetaldehyde is oxidized with the help of a FAD-containing liver enzyme, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH), to acetic acid, which is gradually metabolized further to CO 2 and H 2 O.
- AcDH acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- the implementation of the toxic effect of ethanol on the central nervous system is caused by disturbances in the functioning of the mediator systems caused by it, and a pronounced membranotropic effect. It specifically affects the GABA and glutamatergic systems, changes the permeability and affinity of the ion channels of membranes, changing the functions of neurotransmitter systems.
- ADH is capable of catalyzing the redox reaction of the conversion of alcohol to aldehyde not only in the case of ethyl alcohol, but also for a number of other alcohols, which include at least those alcohols for which the phenomenon of the so-called toxification is noted.
- Another argument in favor of this consideration is the fact that ethanol is used as a specific antidote for poisoning with a number of alcohols, which is explained by its ability to competitively inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase, i.e., therefore, prevent the oxidation of these toxicants.
- Such alcohols include methanol, aliphatic alcohols with a carbon chain length of up to 5 atoms, dihydric alcohols, as well as their esters having an alcohol group - glycol monoesters, i.e. those alcohols and their derivatives, which are typical toxicants according to this invention.
- the specific action of alcohols is characterized by a violation of the physicochemical properties of cell membranes, damage to membranes by the products of biotransformation of alcohols, increasing cytoplasmic acidosis, impaired energy processes, activation of the processes of autolysis of proteins and lipids of the cell, impaired lipid metabolism, activation of peroxidation processes.
- necrotic and dystrophic (fatty degeneration) changes in the cells of the most important organs develop.
- the toxic effect of methanol is mainly due to its metabolites: formaldehyde and formic acid.
- Formaldehyde itself is the strongest poison, but also its metabolite is able to break the chain of oxidation and phosphorylation, cause metabolic acidosis, modify the normal course of a number of important biochemical processes.
- Ethylene glycol monoesters follow approximately the same metabolic pathway, since ADH “attacks” their alcohol group, as a result of which they turn into the corresponding aldehydes.
- hydroxyacetic acid is formed from the ethylene glycol monoester, the presence of which also leads to metabolic acidosis of the cell.
- these compounds cause hypopotassemia and hypocalcemia, disrupt the normal metabolism of glucose, lactate, ATP synthesis, and disorganize the work of a number of enzyme systems.
- the above processes at the cell level are triggering for the development of a number of pathogenetic disorders: homeostasis disorder (metabolic acidosis, water-electrolyte imbalance, hemocoagulation shift, etc.), as well as the formation of secondary syndromes: depression of consciousness, central and aspiration obstructive breathing disorders, acute cardiovascular failure, lesions of parenchymal organs, etc.
- homeostasis disorder metabolic acidosis, water-electrolyte imbalance, hemocoagulation shift, etc.
- secondary syndromes depression of consciousness, central and aspiration obstructive breathing disorders, acute cardiovascular failure, lesions of parenchymal organs, etc.
- processes develop with the threat of mortality. These include:
- the objective of the present invention is the introduction into circulation of an effective tool to prevent or block or reduce the rate of development of pathological processes caused by both single and repeated, in particular, prolonged, systematic use of alcohol-containing drinks, which, in addition to ethanol itself, also contain toxicants.
- Toxicants appear in drinks as natural impurities that occur in the technological process of alcoholic fermentation. There may be other causes of toxicity in beverages. impurities.
- this invention is aimed at introducing into toxicological practice effective methods and means of preventing and treating intoxications caused by alcohols and their derivatives.
- Ri and R 2 can be independently selected from the following radicals: (- H), (-OM '), (- COOM 1 ), (-SO 3 M '), (—O— CH 2 -SO 3 M'), (- PO 3 M ' 2 ), (- PO 2 SM' 2 ), (- PO 3 M "), (- PO 2 SM"), where M 'denotes hydrogen or an alkali metal ion, M "denotes an alkaline earth metal ion, m and n are independently selected from integers from 0 to 5,
- VD dithioglycols
- Dithioglycerol (Dicaptolum, dimercaprol, dimercaptopropanol, BAL, British Pharmaceutical - BAL), having the formula:
- Vicinal dithioglycols are used as radioprotective drugs, as well as antidotes for poisoning by heavy metals and their compounds, in particular, arsenic, lead, and mercury poisoning [Source MeZ: Mashkovsky MD “Medicines”, M., 1993]. These are low molecular weight compounds with two adjacent mercapto groups, making them a good trap for heavy metals, including radionuclides.
- Dimercaprol (BAL) and unithiol (DMPS) are used as antidotes for poisoning with arsenic, bismuth, mercury, antimony or zinc [Source N ° 4: Sheybak B.M., Panchenko L.F. et al. "Fundamentals of Clinical and Analytical Toxicology” (Reference Guide), ed. prof. Tomilina V.V. // Moscow, 2002, p. 46].
- Unitiol (DMPS), succimer (DMSA) and other VD are used as antidotes for the so-called destructive poisons, which include salts of heavy metals, arsenic and its compounds, some compounds of phosphorus, chlorine.
- VD during enteral administration exhibits an unexpectedly higher effect with the above known indications and, moreover, we unexpectedly found that the introduction, and especially oral administration, of VD gives a new effect, manifested primarily in blocking and / or inhibition of the development of pathological processes resulting from the use of ethanol-containing drinks containing toxic impurities and / or alcohol-containing drinks containing non-ethanol as alcohol, as well as surrogates alcohol.
- This effect is based on the unexpectedly discovered property of the proposed substances (VD) to bind the nearest metabolites of methanol, ethylene glycol, and other monohydric and polyhydric alcohols. This effect is especially pronounced due to the features of this interaction that we have identified that are essential for this invention.
- the first feature is that the products of VD interaction with these toxicants cannot decompose under physiological conditions, i.e. they have chemical resistance. In other words, this reaction in vii body is irreversible.
- the second feature is that for a noticeable, significant manifestation of this pharmacological effect on the body, it is necessary to ensure the entry (as fast and complete as possible) of the substances of the invention (VD) into the liver.
- the enteral route of administration is most suitable or, if it is difficult, and also along with it, such injection that ensures that these substances or substances enter the portal bloodstream. This effect is achieved, in particular, with intraportal administration, or, otherwise, with intraportal or transumbilical infusion of VD.
- the third, additional feature is that if a water-soluble vicinal dithioglycol enters into a reaction with a toxicant such as alcohol aldehyde, then the reaction product also becomes water-soluble and acquires the ability to be excreted through the kidneys with urine.
- a toxicant such as alcohol aldehyde
- the reaction product also becomes water-soluble and acquires the ability to be excreted through the kidneys with urine.
- the proposed agent and method in addition to being an antidote pharmacotherapy agent and method, become an active agent and method of efferent detoxification: they not only accelerate the elimination of the toxicant, but also allow the excretion of poison through the kidneys. The same applies to the removal of ketones.
- the inclusion of kidneys in the excretion of a toxicant affects the concentration factor of pathogenesis in a favorable direction.
- the fourth, also optional, feature is as follows. Owing to their physicochemical properties, alcohols easily overcome histohematological barriers and are fairly evenly distributed over organs and tissues. Further, alcohols undergo biotransformation in them, turning at the first stage into aldehydes. Aldehydes are more toxic than alcohols and have greater reactivity. They interact with the terminal groups of plasma proteins and blood cells, enzymes, etc., modifying their functions (immunity, hemostasis, respiration, central nervous system, myocardium, energy functions and much more). In other words, aldehyde toxicity receptors are much more diverse than alcohol toxicity receptors.
- Aldehydes unlike alcohols, overcome histohematological barriers much worse, which leads to their accumulation in those organs and tissues where the metabolism (first stage of oxidation) of alcohol began.
- the oxidation of aldehyde occurs under the influence of the hepatic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase.
- further oxidation of the aldehyde in organs and tissues outside the liver it is difficult, which enhances its exposure (time factor) and toxic effect.
- This problem is especially acute in individuals belonging to the Mongoloid race, since their activity of aldehyddehydrogenase is genetically predetermined.
- the use of the means and method according to the invention allows to find a new solution to this problem.
- VD active substance of the invention
- the use of substances according to the invention reduces the toxic load on all organs and tissues, since it helps to accelerate the release of the toxicant from vital organs and tissues. From the point of view of the pathogenesis of intoxication, it is critically important to start the implementation of this type of treatment as soon as possible.
- the cycle described here which is realized under conditions of maintaining the intake of the active substances of the invention (VD) into the liver, is called by us the cycle of alcohol-aldehyde detoxification of the body (CSAD).
- VD active substances of the invention
- CSAD alcohol-aldehyde detoxification of the body
- CSAD is also implemented with the prophylactic administration of VD.
- CSAD has a favorable effect on the temporal and spatial factors of the pathogenesis of intoxication.
- vicinal dithioglycols which consists in their ability to detoxify the body from alcohols and their metabolites, which are heavy poisons, such as methanol and formaldehyde, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols and their aldehydes, dihydric alcohols and aldehydes of their monoesters, their dialdehydes, and to use them on this basis as specific antidotes for these poisonings (the first essential sign).
- the second significant sign of the use for this new purpose is the method of administering vicinal dithioglycols, in which they should be provided to the liver as completely and as quickly as possible, since it is in this organ that the poison is metabolized and toxic.
- enteral administration it is optimal to use enteral administration, and if the patient's condition requires this, then, along with this or instead, the introduction into the portal bloodstream or transumbilical administration.
- treatment - toxicokinetic correction chemical binding of the toxicant; preventing the toxicant from binding to the toxicity receptor;
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of at least one vicinal dithioglycol as an agent preventing the occurrence or development of intoxication when taking at least one toxicant according to this invention.
- VD active agents for the preparation of drugs made in the dosage or non-drug form used for the prevention or treatment of intoxication caused by toxicants according to the invention.
- agents may be compositions, including other active ingredients as well. According to the form of execution, they can be liquid or solid means for ingestion or parenteral administration, their action for the new purpose is given.
- Vicinal dithioglycols can stop the process of free-radical destruction of the biomembrane, in particular, they protect the axial myelin sheaths from damage, protect hepatocytes, blood vessels, and brain structures. Based on the above properties of vicinal dithioglycols, their introduction allows you to block or reduce the level of damaging effects on myocardial tissue, pancreas, vascular system, central nervous system and other organs and systems of the body.
- the pharmaceutical form of the proposed funds may include forms suitable for enteral, in particular oral, administration, administration through a tube, nasal, local (including buccal and sublingual) administration through the oral mucosa, or for administration by inhalation, or by injection.
- the proposed funds may be in the form of a solution for injection.
- an infusion solution is prepared by combining the active substances according to the invention with suitable liquid components and dosing using suitable means.
- the pharmaceutical forms can be compositions and can be presented in the form of convenient discrete dosage units and can be prepared by any means well known in the art of pharmacy. All of these pharmaceutical methods include the step of combining the active substance with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers, or both, if necessary, and then, if necessary, molding the product in the desired form.
- compositions suitable for oral administration may be presented in discrete units such as tablets, capsules, cachets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; or in the form of powders or granules; or in the form of a solution, suspension or emulsion.
- the active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus or paste or in pure form, i.e. without carrier.
- Oral tablets and capsules, in addition to additional physiologically active components may also contain conventional additives, such as binders, fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, moisturizers. Tablets may be made by compression or molding in a mold, optionally with one or more additional ingredients.
- Compressed tablets can be made by compressing, in suitable machines, the active ingredient in a free-flowing form, such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, a lubricant, an inert diluent, lubricating, surfactant or dispersing agent.
- Molded tablets may be prepared by mold casting in a suitable machine a mixture of powdered compounds moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Tablets may be coated according to methods well known in the art.
- Liquid oral preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as dry products for constitution with water or another suitable solvent before use.
- Such liquid preparations in addition to additionally introduced physiologically active components, may also contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, non-aqueous solvents (which may include edible oils), flavoring, aromatic, coloring agents or preservatives.
- suspending agents such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, mannitol, sorbitol, mannitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol,
- Forms for topical administration through the oral mucosa include lozenges containing the active ingredient in a flavoring base such as carbohydrate, for example sucrose, acacia or tragacanth, and lozenges containing the active ingredient in such a base as gelatin, glycerin, carbohydrate, acacia, etc.
- a flavoring base such as carbohydrate, for example sucrose, acacia or tragacanth
- lozenges containing the active ingredient in such a base such as gelatin, glycerin, carbohydrate, acacia, etc.
- forms such as aerosol or nebulized powder or drops may be used. Drops can be formulated on an aqueous or non-aqueous basis, also containing one or more dispersing agents, solubilizing agents or suspending agents. Liquid aerosols are conveniently obtained from pressure packs.
- the compounds of the present invention are conveniently formulated from insufflators, pressurized inhaler packs, or other convenient means of preparing aerosol sprays.
- Pressurized packages may contain a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
- the dosage unit can be determined by providing a valve for supplying the measured quantity.
- a dry powder form for administration by inhalation or insufflation of the substances of the invention, a dry powder form may be used, for example, a powder mixture of the active substance and a suitable powder base, such as, for example, lactose, starch, talc.
- the powder composition may be in the form of a single dose, for example, in capsules, cartridges, gelatin or patch packaging from which the powder can be administered by inhaler or insufflator.
- the pharmaceutical agents of the present invention may also contain one or more other active ingredients, the addition of which, as a rule, enhances the action of the substance according to the invention, and can also serve to achieve synergies between the added ingredients and compounds of the present invention.
- the active ingredients to be added may be those selected from the group consisting of vitamin, vitamin precursor, vitamin derivative, organic acid, organic acid derivative, lipid, physiologically active peptide, amino acid, amino acid derivative, enzyme, enzyme derivative, enzyme precursor, coenzyme, coenzyme derivative , coenzyme precursor, carbohydrate, mineral, source of metal ions, protein and mixtures thereof.
- amino acids that are neurotransmitters such as glycine, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid (G AMK).
- composition of the preparations according to the invention can also be sources of lipids, in particular phospholipids, for example, lecithin, glycolipids, other hepatoprotectors, in particular vitamins, for example, ⁇ -tocopherol, their precursors, their derivatives, physiologically active peptides, for example, neuropeptides, as well as many other known physiologically active substances.
- lipids in particular phospholipids, for example, lecithin, glycolipids, other hepatoprotectors, in particular vitamins, for example, ⁇ -tocopherol, their precursors, their derivatives, physiologically active peptides, for example, neuropeptides, as well as many other known physiologically active substances.
- the agents of the present invention may include other ingredients, agents customary for the field of application and used for the form of the agent in question.
- agents for oral administration may contain flavoring or structure-forming agents.
- the means according to the invention, especially aimed at the prevention of intoxication can be performed in pharmaceutical form or in non-pharmaceutical form, for example, in the form of a food product, in particular a drink.
- Preferred fractional dosage forms are those containing an effective dose of the active substance of the invention, as set forth below, or an appropriate fraction of the indicated dose.
- the aforementioned agent containing the active ingredient in an effective amount can be administered orally or in another convenient way at a dose of from 0.1 to 250 mg / kg (per kilogram of host weight) per day.
- the dose level for a normal adult usually ranges from about 5 mg to about 10 g per day, typically even more narrowly from about 50 mg to about 2 g per day, most preferably from 100 to 1000 mg per day.
- Tablets or other forms of manufacture of the agent, presented in discrete units may conveniently contain an amount that is effective at such a dosage, or a multiple amount, for example, units containing from 50 mg to 1000 mg, usually about 200-500 mg.
- the agent according to the invention is preferably administered orally, and the exact amount of agent, respectively, the dose of the substance, should be taken in accordance with the instructions for use or the recommendations of a specialist.
- the actual dose used will depend on many factors, including gender, age, body weight, risk factors, concomitant conditions for taking the toxicant, somatic and neuropsychiatric characteristics of the individual, etc. Factors of the same plan should be taken into account when determining the time of administration and duration (frequency ) the introduction of funds.
- the tool can be recommended for administration in the form of a course, it can be prescribed before the possible use of an alcohol-containing drink, associated with a risk or threat of intoxication, and / or another possible route of entry of a toxicant into the body (aspiration, inhalation), or after a certain period of time after drinking drink (or the implementation of the ingestion of a toxicant into the body in another way), either before and after use, or in other combinations with the use of a drink containing a toxicant.
- both the listed and other possible options governing the relationship in time between the moment (or moments) of the administration of the drug and the moment (moments) of the use of an alcohol-containing drink or CA or other administration of a toxicant can partially be combined with each other.
- specially prepared infusion solutions are usually used.
- the active substances of the invention are combined with a suitable solvent.
- a suitable solvent may be specially prepared water.
- Unithiol substances in powder
- 5 g of lactose 10 g of aerosil
- 30 g of starch 5 g of sodium starch glycolate, 5 g of magnesium stearic acid, 1 g of calcium pantothenate, 7 g of folic acid
- the mixture is moistened, thoroughly mixed, homogenized and tableted, receiving tablets of 0.5 g.
- Example 2 Instant capsules filled with granules containing: Dicaptol 50 mg
- Example 3 The experimental part of the work was performed on male rats of the Wistar-100 line with an initial weight of 150-250 g. The animals were kept under artificial lighting (12 hours a day) and constant access to standard combined feed and water.
- the animals were divided into 4 groups (3 experimental and one control), before each experiment, blood biochemical parameters were determined in each group: triglycerides, liver enzymes: Alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and Aspartate-nototransferase (AcAT), indicators of the intensity of peroxide processes - TBA- positive products (according to the test with thiobarbituric acid), as well as indicators of the antioxidant system of the body: urate, vitamins E, A; SH groups.
- AlAT Alanine aminotransferase
- AcAT Aspartate-nototransferase
- rats were once orally administered methanol at a dose of 1 ml in an aqueous solution.
- the myocardium there is a sharp plethora of endocardial vessels, fragmentation of individual fibers.
- the liver has granular and droplet dystrophy of hepatocytes, sharp plethora of the central vein, there are binuclear cells, and the beam structure is blurred.
- the kidneys are least affected by changes in them, there is some plethora of capillaries, small changes in the cerebral layer.
- animals of the ZOG group similar changes in tissues are observed, however, they are less pronounced: the liver is more preserved, the beam structure is preserved; dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes are less noticeable; there are no areas of emphysema in the lungs.
- Example 4 The experimental part of the work was performed on male rats of the Wistar-100 line with an initial weight of 150-250 g. The animals were kept under artificial lighting (12 hours a day) and constant access to standard combined feed and water.
- the animals were divided into 4 groups (3 experimental and one control), before each experiment, blood biochemical parameters were determined in each group: triglycerides, liver enzymes: Alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and Aspartate-nototransferase (AcAT), indicators of the intensity of peroxide processes - TBA- positive products (according to the test with thiobarbituric acid), alkaline phosphatase, as well as indicators of the antioxidant system of the body: urate, vitamins E, A; SH-groups.
- AlAT Alanine aminotransferase
- AcAT Aspartate-nototransferase
- ethylene glycol was once orally administered to rats at a dose of 1 ml in an aqueous solution.
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN200780049298.3A CN101594856B (zh) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-19 | 预防和治疗含醇的液体和醇替代品引起的中毒的药剂 |
EA200900702A EA018359B1 (ru) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-19 | Средство и способ профилактики и лечения отравлений спиртосодержащими жидкостями и суррогатами алкоголя |
JP2009538362A JP2010510307A (ja) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-19 | アルコール含有液及びアルコール代用品による中毒を予防及び治療する物質及び方法 |
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RU2006140889 | 2006-11-21 | ||
RU2006140889/14A RU2006140889A (ru) | 2006-11-21 | 2006-11-21 | Средство и способ профилактики и лечения отравлений спиртосодержащими жидкостями и суррогатами алкоголя |
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WO2008063099A1 true WO2008063099A1 (fr) | 2008-05-29 |
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PCT/RU2007/000640 WO2008063099A1 (fr) | 2006-11-21 | 2007-11-19 | Agent et méthode de prévention et de traitement d'intoxications par des liquides contenant de l'alcool ou des substituts d'alcool |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP2010510307A (ru) |
KR (1) | KR20090081434A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN101594856B (ru) |
EA (1) | EA018359B1 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2006140889A (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2008063099A1 (ru) |
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RU2627610C2 (ru) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-08-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "РОСБИО" | Композиция аминокислот для профилактики и лечения отравлений метанолом |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2154997C1 (ru) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-08-27 | Чернов Виктор Николаевич | Способ лечения распространенного перитонита |
RU2157647C1 (ru) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-10-20 | Зенович Сергей Михайлович | Пищевая добавка и способ ее получения, биологически активная добавка к пище и способ ее получения, пищевой продукт и способ его получения |
RU2229291C1 (ru) * | 2003-07-02 | 2004-05-27 | Зенович Сергей Михайлович | Средство для снижения скорости течения, предупреждения развития, предупреждения возникновения патологических процессов, вызываемых употреблением этанола и/или веществ, обладающих аддиктивным потенциалом |
-
2006
- 2006-11-21 RU RU2006140889/14A patent/RU2006140889A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2007
- 2007-11-19 WO PCT/RU2007/000640 patent/WO2008063099A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2007-11-19 KR KR1020097012698A patent/KR20090081434A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-11-19 EA EA200900702A patent/EA018359B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-11-19 JP JP2009538362A patent/JP2010510307A/ja active Pending
- 2007-11-19 CN CN200780049298.3A patent/CN101594856B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2154997C1 (ru) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-08-27 | Чернов Виктор Николаевич | Способ лечения распространенного перитонита |
RU2157647C1 (ru) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-10-20 | Зенович Сергей Михайлович | Пищевая добавка и способ ее получения, биологически активная добавка к пище и способ ее получения, пищевой продукт и способ его получения |
RU2229291C1 (ru) * | 2003-07-02 | 2004-05-27 | Зенович Сергей Михайлович | Средство для снижения скорости течения, предупреждения развития, предупреждения возникновения патологических процессов, вызываемых употреблением этанола и/или веществ, обладающих аддиктивным потенциалом |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
FOMICHEV A.V. ET AL.: "5-ti komponentnaya antioxidantnaya reseptura kak sredvtvo rannei reabilitatsii pri otravlenii", ROSSIISKY BIOMEDITSINSKY ZHURNAL MEDLINE.RU, vol. 5, November 2004 (2004-11-01), pages 386 - 390, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.medline.ru/public/art/tom5/artl16.phtml> * |
PISHEL V.Y.: "Sovremennye printsipy diagnostiki i terapii psikhicheskikh i povedencheskikh rasstroistv vsledstvie upotrebleniay alkogolya", ZDOROV'YA UKRAINI, no. 17(78), 2003, pages 4 - 5, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.prionpharma.com.ua/pdfartic/regid/5.pdf> * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101594856B (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
RU2006140889A (ru) | 2008-05-27 |
JP2010510307A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
EA200900702A1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
CN101594856A (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
KR20090081434A (ko) | 2009-07-28 |
EA018359B1 (ru) | 2013-07-30 |
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