WO2008049835A1 - System for determining sealing in a wellbore - Google Patents
System for determining sealing in a wellbore Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008049835A1 WO2008049835A1 PCT/EP2007/061338 EP2007061338W WO2008049835A1 WO 2008049835 A1 WO2008049835 A1 WO 2008049835A1 EP 2007061338 W EP2007061338 W EP 2007061338W WO 2008049835 A1 WO2008049835 A1 WO 2008049835A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wellbore
- fluid
- stream
- sealing
- sealing system
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 8
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 Chloro-substituted decanoic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/124—Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/11—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using tracers; using radioactivity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealing system for use in a wellbore formed in an earth formation whereby a stream of fluid produced from the earth formation flows through the wellbore to surface.
- Wellbores for the production of hydrocarbon fluid generally are provided with one or more sealing systems such as, for example, a packer arranged to seal the annular space between a casing and a production tubing or between a production liner and the wellbore wall, and one or more cement layers between a casing and the wellbore wall or between casing sections of different diameter.
- cement does not always provide the desired degree of sealing in view of shrinkage of the cement during curing.
- annular sealing device in the form of a packer made of an elastomer material that swells upon contact with formation water or hydrocarbon fluid produced from the earth formation.
- the packer is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tubular element before lowering into the wellbore, whereafter the tubular element, with the packer connected thereto, is lowered into the wellbore.
- the elastomer material swells so that the packer expands and thereby seals the annular space.
- a problem is that the sealing device may not adequately seal after swelling of the elastomer material, that swelling of the elastomer has not yet completed, or the elastomer material may not be sufficiently exposed to water and/or hydrocarbon fluid to ensure adequate swelling of the elastomer material. Also, adequate sealing can be difficult if the space to be sealed has an irregular shape. For example, if the sealing device is to seal against the wellbore wall, adequate sealing can be hampered if the wellbore has washed-out sections which occurred during drilling of the wellbore.
- EP 0816631 Bl discloses a wellbore system whereby a production conduit is provided with a coating including tracer material to be absorbed by produced fluid flowing entering the production conduit in a section of the wellbore between a pair of packer elements.
- a sealing system for use in a wellbore formed in an earth formation whereby a stream of fluid produced from the earth formation flows through the wellbore to surface, the sealing system comprising a sealing device arranged to seal a selected portion of the wellbore from the stream of produced fluid, a compound arranged to be absorbed by fluid from the earth formation entering the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion, and detection means operable to detect said compound in the stream of produced fluid.
- the system of the invention it is achieved that adequate sealing of the sealing device can be determined by determining whether or not said compound is present in the stream of produced fluid.
- the detection means indicates that said compound is present in the stream of produced fluid, it can be concluded that fluid from the earth formation enters the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion, and that the sealing device is not properly sealing.
- the detection means indicates that said compound is not present in the stream of produced fluid, it can be concluded that the sealing device is properly sealing.
- said compound is included in the sealing device, and the sealing device is arranged to be in contact with said fluid from the earth formation entering the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion .
- the sealing device is movable between an active mode whereby the sealing device prevents fluid from the earth formation entering the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion, and an inactive mode whereby the sealing device allows fluid from the earth formation entering the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion.
- the sealing device preferably includes a swellable material which swells upon contact with a selected fluid, and wherein the sealing device moves from the inactive mode to the active mode by swelling of the swellable material.
- a swellable material includes an elastomer
- the selected fluid comprises, for example, fluid produced from the earth formation.
- the system of the invention can include a plurality of said sealing devices, a plurality of said selected wellbore portions, and a plurality of said compounds, wherein for each said selected wellbore portion a respective one of the sealing devices is arranged to seal the selected wellbore portion from the stream of produced fluid, and a respective one of said compounds is arranged to be absorbed by fluid from the earth formation entering the stream of produced fluid via the selected wellbore portion, and wherein the detection means is operable to detect each said compound in the stream of produced fluid.
- the detection means is capable of determining which sealing device is leaking.
- said compound is selected from a Halogen substituted carboxylic acid and a Halogen substituted alcohol, for example a Halogen substituted decanoic acid or a Halogen substituted decanol.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the system of the invention whereby swellable packers are arranged in a wellbore;
- Fig. 2 schematically shows the system of Fig. 1 after swelling of some of the swellable packers.
- a wellbore 1 having an upper section 2 extending from surface 3 substantially vertically downward, and a lower section 4 extending substantially horizontally into a reservoir zone 6 of earth formation containing hydrocarbon fluid.
- the lower section 4 may alternatively extend inclined or even vertically.
- the lower wellbore section 4 intersects a number of natural fractures 8 present in the earth formation 6, which are in fluid communication with a formation zone (not shown) containing water.
- the wellbore 1 is provided with a casing 10 extending from surface 3 to near the lower end of the upper (vertical) wellbore section 2, and a tubular element in the form of a production conduit 12 extending from surface through the casing 10 and into the lower (horizontal) wellbore section 4.
- a production packer 13 is arranged at the lower end of casing 10 to seal the annular space between the production conduit 12 and the casing 10.
- the production conduit 12 has a plurality of fluid inlet openings 14 located in the lower wellbore section 4. Furthermore, the production conduit 12 is at its upper end connected to a production facility 16 at surface 3 for receiving and further transporting hydrocarbon fluid produced from the earth formation 6.
- the production conduit 12 is provided with a series of annular packers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f spaced at selected intervals along the portion of the production conduit 12 extending in the lower wellbore section 4, whereby each packer comprises an elastomer material susceptible of swelling upon contact with water from the earth formation.
- the packer 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f Upon swelling of the elastomer material, the packer 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f radially expands against the wellbore wall 22 so that the annular clearance 20 that was originally present between the packer and the wellbore wall 22, thereby vanishes.
- Each packer 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f is at its outer circumference provided with bands 24 of a tracer material in the form of a compound adapted to be absorbed by fluid flowing along the packer, the fluid being either produced hydrocarbon fluid or water.
- Preferred tracer materials are, for example, Chloro-substituted decanoic acid or Chloro-substituted decanol.
- the tracer materials of the various packers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f have mutually different characteristic parameters, so that the characteristic parameter of the tracer material of a respective pack
- the production facility 16 at surface is provided with a detection device (not shown) for detecting tracer material from the bands 24 in the stream of fluid produced from the earth formation.
- the detection device is adapted to recognize the different characteristic parameters of the tracer materials of the various packers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, 18f, and thereby to determine whether or not tracer material pertaining to a specific packer is present in the stream of produced fluid.
- the detection device is selected from a gas chromatography mass spectrometer, a gas chromatography electron capture detector, a high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer, a high performance liquid chromatography - fluorescence detector, an atomic adsorption spectrometer, an atomic emission spectrometer, an inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer, an immunological detection device, an electron microscope, and a light microscope.
- Fig. 2 is shown the wellbore 1 of Fig. 1 after swelling of the elastomer material of packers 18a, 18c whereby these packers 18a, 18c seal against the wellbore wall 22.
- hydrocarbon fluid flows from the earth formation 6 into the lower wellbore section 4, and thence via the inlet openings 14 into the production conduit 12 through which the stream of produced fluid flows to the production facility 16 at surface.
- the annular packers 18 are in their unexpanded state so that the produced hydrocarbon fluid freely flows through the annular clearances 20 around the respective packers 18.
- the hydrocarbon fluid thereby comes into contact with the bands 24 of tracer material so that, as a result, tracer material from the bands 24 enters into the stream of produced hydrocarbon fluid and flows with the stream to the production facility 16 at surface.
- the detection device at the production facility 16 detects the presence of tracer material in the stream of produced hydrocarbon fluid, and recognizes the different characteristic parameters of the tracer materials of the various packers 18. The detection device then generates a signal indicating the respective packer (s) 18 from which the detected tracer material originates.
- formation water may enter the wellbore 1, for example via the natural formation fractures 8, which are in communication with the water-bearing zone. Also, formation water may enter the wellbore 1 due to 'water- coning' as a result of depletion of the reservoir zone 6.
- Such produced formation water flows along one or more of the respective packers 18 and thereby induces swelling of the elastomer material of such packers 18.
- tracer material from the bands 24 of the respective packer 18 continues to be absorbed by the stream of fluid produced from the wellbore 1.
- the respective packer 18 Upon swelling of the elastomer material, gradually expands towards the wellbore wall 22 so that, ultimately, the packer 18 becomes pressed against the wellbore wall 22 and the annular clearance 20 around the packers 18 vanishes.
- each expanded packer 18 seals against the wellbore wall 22 and thereby prevents further flow of produced fluid along the respective bands 24 of tracer material of the expanded packer 18. Consequently, for each expanded packer 18, tracer material from the expanded packer 18 is then no longer present in the stream of produced fluid, and hence the detection device no longer generates a signal indicating the respective packer 18 from which the detected tracer material originates. The presence and/or absence of such signals from the detection device enables the operator to determine which packers 18 are sealing against the wellbore wall 22, and which are not.
- the inlet openings 14 of such section of the production conduit 12 can be closed. For example, if formation water enters into the stream of produced fluid through the inlet openings 14 of a section of the production conduit 12 located between the expanded packers 18a and 18c, an expandable tubular element (not shown) can be lowered into such section of the production conduit 12, and subsequently be expanded against the inner surface of the production conduit 12 so as to close the inlet openings 14 of said conduit section. Formation water entering the portion of the wellbore 1 between expanded packers 18a and 18c, then no longer can flow into the production conduit 12.
- a production conduit can be applied that has inlet openings in only one, or some, conduit sections between adjacent packers.
- the production conduit then has one or more sections without inlet openings between adjacent packers, and consequently formation fluid cannot enter the production conduit after full expansion of such adjacent packers.
- the packers can be made of any other suitable material that swells upon contact with formation water.
- the packers can include elastomer material, or any other suitable material, that swells upon contact with hydrocarbon fluid.
- the packers expand against the wellbore wall upon contact with hydrocarbon fluid, and thereby provide zonal isolation between formation layers at various depths along the wellbore .
Landscapes
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2007310868A AU2007310868B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | System for determining sealing in a wellbore |
GB0904575A GB2456433B (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | System for determining sealing in a wellbore |
BRPI0718275-9A BRPI0718275A2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | SEALING SYSTEM FOR USE IN A WELL HOLE FORMED IN A GEOLOGICAL FORMATION. |
US12/446,666 US20090266533A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | System for determining sealing in a wellbore |
CA002667461A CA2667461A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | System for determining sealing in a wellbore |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06122838.3 | 2006-10-24 | ||
EP06122838 | 2006-10-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008049835A1 true WO2008049835A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
Family
ID=37873179
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/061338 WO2008049835A1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-10-23 | System for determining sealing in a wellbore |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090266533A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101529047A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007310868B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0718275A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2667461A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2456433B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008049835A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010096417A3 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-12-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Swellable material activation and monitoring in a subterranean well |
EP2576980A2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-04-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Surface detection of failed open-hole packers using tubing with external tracer coatings |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8770299B2 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2014-07-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Tubular actuating system and method |
US20150041121A1 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-02-12 | Chevron U.S. A. Inc | Outward venting of inflow tracer in production wells |
WO2015142803A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-24 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Flow monitoring using distributed strain measurement |
US10365136B2 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2019-07-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Opto-acoustic flowmeter for use in subterranean wells |
CA2954736C (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2020-01-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Flow sensing in subterranean wells |
US10392935B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2019-08-27 | Expro North Sea Limited | Monitoring systems and methods |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0816631A2 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-07 | Norsk Hydro ASA | Method for the determination of inflow of oil and/or gas into a well |
WO2000063531A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Subsurface Technology As | Oil well interzone leak detection |
WO2001081914A1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-01 | Sinvent As | Reservoir monitoring |
WO2003008756A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-01-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Wellbore system with annular seal member |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2618340A (en) * | 1947-05-23 | 1952-11-18 | Lane Wells Co | Well packer |
US3848124A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1974-11-12 | R Vann | Method and apparatus for determining communication of a perforated zone with a second zone |
US5432288A (en) * | 1991-04-18 | 1995-07-11 | Indiana University Foundation | Derivatives of ryanodine and dehydroryanodine |
NO20002137A (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-04-09 | Sinvent As | Reservoir monitoring using chemically intelligent tracer release |
US7322410B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2008-01-29 | Shell Oil Company | Controllable production well packer |
US9091133B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2015-07-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Swellable material activation and monitoring in a subterranean well |
-
2007
- 2007-10-23 GB GB0904575A patent/GB2456433B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-23 AU AU2007310868A patent/AU2007310868B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-23 CN CNA2007800395733A patent/CN101529047A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-23 US US12/446,666 patent/US20090266533A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-23 WO PCT/EP2007/061338 patent/WO2008049835A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-23 CA CA002667461A patent/CA2667461A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-23 BR BRPI0718275-9A patent/BRPI0718275A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0816631A2 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-07 | Norsk Hydro ASA | Method for the determination of inflow of oil and/or gas into a well |
WO2000063531A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Subsurface Technology As | Oil well interzone leak detection |
WO2001081914A1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-01 | Sinvent As | Reservoir monitoring |
WO2003008756A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-01-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Wellbore system with annular seal member |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010096417A3 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-12-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Swellable material activation and monitoring in a subterranean well |
US9091133B2 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2015-07-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Swellable material activation and monitoring in a subterranean well |
EP2576980A2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-04-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Surface detection of failed open-hole packers using tubing with external tracer coatings |
EP2576980A4 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-12-04 | Saudi Arabian Oil Co | Surface detection of failed open-hole packers using tubing with external tracer coatings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2456433B (en) | 2011-01-05 |
CN101529047A (en) | 2009-09-09 |
AU2007310868A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
US20090266533A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
CA2667461A1 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
BRPI0718275A2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
AU2007310868B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
GB2456433A (en) | 2009-07-22 |
GB0904575D0 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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