WO2008028734A1 - Filtre - Google Patents

Filtre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008028734A1
WO2008028734A1 PCT/EP2007/058084 EP2007058084W WO2008028734A1 WO 2008028734 A1 WO2008028734 A1 WO 2008028734A1 EP 2007058084 W EP2007058084 W EP 2007058084W WO 2008028734 A1 WO2008028734 A1 WO 2008028734A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
pleated
water
filtration
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/058084
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jaideep Chatterjee
Manoj Vilas Dagaonkar
Udayan Majumdar
Original Assignee
Unilever N.V.
Unilever Plc
Hindustan Unilever Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever N.V., Unilever Plc, Hindustan Unilever Limited filed Critical Unilever N.V.
Publication of WO2008028734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008028734A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B01D29/216—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets with wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
    • B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/006—Cartridges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to filters, particularly for filtration of water under gravity and to a process for making such filters.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a filter for filtration of water free of particulate solids especially cysts and suspended solids which is effective for extended periods of time as compared to similar filters of the prior art.
  • the first step usually employed in the purification of water before it is consumed is to make it free of particulate solids. Once the water is free of suspended solids, it is treated by a variety of methods to make it free of noxious impurities like colour and smell and dissolved impurities like salts, chemicals, pesticides and its residues and harmful microorganisms like cysts, protozoa, bacteria and virus.
  • the municipalities In urban areas, the municipalities usually provide piped potable water to every household through a network of pipes, after purifying the water in municipal water treatment plants.
  • the methods employed in municipal water treatment plants include filtration of coarse suspended solids by using sand beds, use of flocculants and coagulants to precipitate out finer suspended impurities, use of ion-exchange resins to soften the water and use of halogens e.g. iodine and chlorine to kill the microorganisms.
  • Common filtration media include coarse muslin cloth, micro porous woven or non-woven polymeric cloth, clay, sand or carbon blocks.
  • One of the most common problems with filtration in the past, especially when used to filter raw water under gravity is the choking of the filter.
  • the filter When choked, the filter is usually rejuvenated by either back flushing using a jet of air or washed under agitation in water.
  • the filtration media gets irreversibly choked and there is no further flow or the flow rate of filtered water obtained is abysmally slow and the filtration media has to be replaced.
  • the problem that has always eluded a satisfactory solution for filtration is to obtain sufficiently high flow rates of water during a filtration operation while ensuring that the desired filtration efficiency in removal of suspended solids is obtained.
  • Both of the above are desired attributes in a good filter while a third requirement is that the life of the filtration media is long enough such that the media is required to be rejuvenated/ replaced fewer number of times by the consumer.
  • US 5,232,595 discloses a combination of pleated layers which may be PP, PE or polyester and a non-pleated layer which is a membrane filter which may underlay the pleated layer or overlay the pleated layer (column 5 lines 50 to 55).
  • US 3,520,417 discloses pleated layer superimposed by non-pleated layer both of which are filter paper.
  • US 3,552,553 has pleated layer of paper (12) superimposed by non-pleated layer (16) of foam like material.
  • US 2004/0,222,140 has pleated media (44, made of filtration material e.g. glass) surrounded by non-pleated first and second layer (38, 40) made of filtration material which may be glass, cellulose, spun-bound nylon or polyester.
  • the present inventors have experimented with the above disclosed designs and several other possible combinations and found that none of the above disclosed and other known filtration configuration are capable of providing an improved solution to the three divergent requirements described above. Further many of the prior art configurations are difficult to manufacture. The present inventors during the course of this work have developed a unique selective combination of configurations of filtration media that is able to solve most of the problems of the prior art filters while ensuring that the filter can be manufactured using a simple manufacturing process.
  • a filter comprising layers of filtration media comprising a non-pleated layer and a pleated layer, wherein the filtration media is a woven or non-woven fabric and wherein the inner layer is non-pleated and outer layer is pleated
  • a process to prepare an embodiment of the filter of the invention comprising the steps of (i) winding a filtration media spirally around a mandrel to a desired number of non-pleated layers; (ii) forming layers of the filtration media into pleats of desired numbers; and (iii) winding the pleated filtration media around said non-pleated layers.
  • the invention further provides a process for filtering suspended solids from water.
  • the invention provides for an improved filtration configuration that is capable of effectively removing particulate solids.
  • the types of particulate solids effectively removed by the filter of the invention are coarse particulate solids generally above 3 micrometers in size, microorganisms like cysts, and total suspended solids (TSS) while ensuring a high flow rate of water filtered under gravity head conditions.
  • Chlorine resistant cysts such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia Lamblia which are in the size range of 2 to 8 microns, mostly 3 to 6, microns are effectively filtered by the filter of the invention.
  • gravity head conditions flow of water in the absence of any pressurization.
  • the head of water is usually a few centimeters on the order of 10 to 100 cm, preferably 15 to 50 cm.
  • the invention is for a filter comprising layers of filtration media comprising at least one layer which is non-pleated and at least one layer which is pleated.
  • the filtration media may be a woven or non-woven fabric. Of these, non-woven fabrics are more preferred.
  • the fabric used to make the filtration media could be any natural or synthetic material, preferably a synthetic material, more preferably a polymer and optimally a thermoplastic polymer.
  • Suitable synthetic polymeric material are polyester, polypropylene or nylon, more preferably polyester.
  • the filter of the invention is useful to filter suspended solids having a particle size cut-off of 0.01 micrometers, preferably 0.05 micrometer, more preferably 0.1 micrometer. To further increase filtration reliability, it is preferred that the suspended solids have a size of less than 500 micrometers, more preferably less than 50 micrometers.
  • the number of non-pleated layers is in the range of 1 to 10 and the number of pleated layers is in the range of 1 to 10.
  • Optimal performance is obtained when the number of non-pleated layers is in the range of 1 to 5 and the number of pleated layers is in the range of 1 to 5.
  • the invention works well when the total thickness of the filtration media comprising pleated layers is from 0.5 to 50 mm, preferably the thickness of the pleated layer is at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, but preferably not more than 10 mm, or even not more than 6 mm.
  • the total thickness of filtration media comprising non-pleated layers is from 0.5 to 50 mm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm, most preferably in the range of 2 to 6 mm.
  • the layers of filtration media are preferably concentric layers, or spirally wound layers.
  • Cylindrical shape of the filter of the invention is preferred.
  • the height of the cylinder is preferably between 1 cm to 100 cm and the diameter of the cylinder is between preferably 1 cm to 50 cm.
  • a gravity filtration device comprising a top chamber and a bottom chamber; the filter according to the present invention detachably attachable to the base of said top chamber; such that liquid fed to the top chamber is filtered through said filter before collecting in said bottom chamber.
  • a gravity filtration device comprising (a) a top chamber and a bottom chamber;
  • the filter of the invention can be placed in any orientation preferably in the horizontal or vertical orientation in the said top chamber. It has been observed that the filter of the invention can be rejuvenated easily and the filter has a long life spanning several such use and rejuvenation cycles. The flow rate of filtered water after each such rejuvenation is consistently high.
  • Figure-1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the filter as per the invention comprising spirally wound layers of filtration media having one inner non-pleated layer and one outer pleated layer.
  • Figure-2 is a top view of the embodiment of Figure-1.
  • Figures 3 to 5 are graphs supporting the examples as explained herein below. Detailed Description of the Figures
  • FIG -1 depicts an embodiment of a filter (F) according to the invention having filter media wound around a perforated rigid cylinder (C).
  • the filter media comprises one layer of non-pleated filter cloth (N) made of non-woven polyester material. Spirally wound around the non-pleated filter cloth is one layer of pleated filter cloth (P) made of non-woven polyester material.
  • Figure-2 depicts the top view of the filter as per Figure-1 with the parts labeled using the same legends.
  • a filter of the prior art comprising only a single layer of pleated filter cloth made of polyester material of about 2 mm thickness was prepared into a cylindrical shape of 8.2 cm inner diameter and 11.5 cm height. The total surface area of the filter was about 1800 cm 2 .
  • Feed water having a TURBIDITY of about 20 to 30 NTU was filtered through this filter using a head of about 15 cm.
  • the experiment was carried out for a large volume of water of about 1500 litres of feed water which normally constitutes about 6 months of drinking water usage for an average household.
  • the flow rate of filtered water was measured using a measuring cylinder and a stop watch. When the flow rate of filtered water reduced below 100 ml/minute, the filter was rejuvenated by agitation in water and the filter was reused to continue the experiment.
  • the turbidity of the feed water and the filtered water was measured as described below.
  • the data in Figure-3 summarizes the behaviour of the flow rate of filtered water over a period of time of usage of the filter and turbid
  • the turbidity of the water was measured using a Merck Turbiquant 1500T turbidity meter. About 20 ml of a representative sample of the water was used for the measurement.
  • a filter of the prior art comprising only a single layer of non-pleated filter cloth made of polyester material of about 2 mm thickness was prepared into a cylindrical shape of 8.2 cm inner diameter and 11.5 cm height. The total surface area of the filter was about 296 cm 2 .
  • An experiment using similar feed water under similar conditions as described for Comparative Example-A was carried out using this filter. The turbidity of the feed water and the filtered water was measured.
  • the data in Figure-4 summarizes the flow rate of filtered water and the turbidity of the feed and filtered water.
  • a filter as per the invention as shown in Figure-1 and 2 comprising an inner layer of non-pleated filter cloth and an outer layer of pleated filter cloth, made of polyester material and having a combined total layer thickness of about 2 mm (about 1 mm thick layer of non-pleated filter cloth and 1 mm thick layer of pleated cloth) was prepared into a cylindrical shape of about 8.2 cm inner diameter and 11.5 cm height. The total surface area of the filter was about 1900 cm 2 .
  • An experiment using similar feed water under similar conditions as described for Comparative Example-A and Comparative Example - B was carried out using this filter. The turbidity of the feed water and the filtered water was measured.
  • the data in Figure-5 summarizes the flow rate of filtered water and the turbidity of the feed and filtered water.
  • Comparative Example-A (with single pleated layer) requires one rejuvenation after about 800 litres of water are fed and there is unsatisfactory levels of turbidity in the filtered water (greater than 0.1 NTU) till almost 250 liters of water are filtered.
  • Comparative Example - B having single non-pleated layer is highly unsatisfactory both in terms of turbidity in filtered water and requires as many as three rejuvenations within the first 500 litres itself.
  • Example -1 of a filter as per the invention shows synergistic behaviour in that there is a rejuvenation required only after more than 1300 L of water are filtered and the desired low level of turbidity is obtained after only a few litres of water are passed through the filter.
  • a filter as per the invention as shown in Figure-1 and 2 comprising an inner layer of non-pleated filter cloth and an outer layer of pleated filter cloth, made of polyester material and having a combined total layer thickness of about 2.6 mm
  • a model feed water (as per NSF 53 protocol) was prepared as shown below:
  • Turbidity less than 1 NTU Additionally the test water was loaded with cyst (Cryptosporidium oocyst) at a concentration of 8000/liter.
  • This test water was filtered through the filter of Example - 2 at a peak flow rate of 300 ml/minute.
  • a filter as per the invention as shown in Figure-1 and 2 comprising inner layers of non-pleated filter cloth and an outer layer of pleated filter cloth, made of polyester material and having a combined total layer thickness of about 7.3 mm (three layers of 2 mm thick layer of non-pleated filter cloth and one layer of 1.3 mm thick layer of pleated cloth) was prepared into a cylindrical shape to provide a total surface area of the filter of about 1300 cm 2 .
  • a model feed water as per Example-2 was prepared except that the test water was loaded with cyst (Cryptosporidium oocyst) at a concentration of 7000/liter.
  • This test water was filtered through the filter of Example - 3 at a peak flow rate of 300 ml/minute.
  • the average cyst level in the filtered water was found to be about 4 per litre indicating a log removal of 3.6.
  • the invention thus provides for a filter, a process for preparing the same and water filters which can be prepared using such filters which gives for the desired filtration efficiency of water under gravity flow conditions while providing the desired high flow rate over long periods of usage.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des filtres, notamment des filtres pour filtrer l'eau sous gravité et un procédé de fabrication de tels filtres. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne la filtration fiable de particules solides en particulier des kystes et des solides suspendus dans l'eau, procurant un taux élevé d'écoulement de filtration, et qui est efficace pour des périodes de temps prolongées par rapport aux filtres analogues de l'art antérieur. Selon l'invention, il est prévu un filtre comportant des couches de milieux filtrants comportant une couche non plissée et une couche plissée.
PCT/EP2007/058084 2006-09-07 2007-08-03 Filtre WO2008028734A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN1436MU2006 2006-09-07
IN1436/MUM/2006 2006-09-07
EP06123662 2006-11-08
EP06123662.6 2006-11-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008028734A1 true WO2008028734A1 (fr) 2008-03-13

Family

ID=38783430

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/058084 WO2008028734A1 (fr) 2006-09-07 2007-08-03 Filtre

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008028734A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010034687A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif d’épuration d’eau
WO2010086079A2 (fr) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Unilever Nv Filtre
WO2011147656A1 (fr) 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif de purification de l'eau
WO2012025343A1 (fr) 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif de purification d'eau comprenant un dispositif par gravitation
WO2012107260A1 (fr) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Ensemble filtre et procédé de filtration

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3520417A (en) * 1969-07-02 1970-07-14 Carborundum Co Pleated paper filter and method of making same
US3552553A (en) * 1967-10-06 1971-01-05 Torite Enterprises Inc Dual media filtration cartridge
EP0465424A1 (fr) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Filtrox-Werk AG Filtre à lit épais, procédé de fabrication d'une couche de filtration et module de filtration
US5980759A (en) * 1993-10-19 1999-11-09 Millipore Corporation Dual media filter cartridge construction
US6000558A (en) * 1995-11-03 1999-12-14 Millipore Corporation Filter cartridge construction and process for filtering particle-containing paint composition
US20040222140A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-11-11 Schroeder Industries, Llc Filter assembly

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552553A (en) * 1967-10-06 1971-01-05 Torite Enterprises Inc Dual media filtration cartridge
US3520417A (en) * 1969-07-02 1970-07-14 Carborundum Co Pleated paper filter and method of making same
EP0465424A1 (fr) * 1990-07-05 1992-01-08 Filtrox-Werk AG Filtre à lit épais, procédé de fabrication d'une couche de filtration et module de filtration
US5980759A (en) * 1993-10-19 1999-11-09 Millipore Corporation Dual media filter cartridge construction
US6000558A (en) * 1995-11-03 1999-12-14 Millipore Corporation Filter cartridge construction and process for filtering particle-containing paint composition
US20040222140A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-11-11 Schroeder Industries, Llc Filter assembly

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010034687A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif d’épuration d’eau
EA018941B1 (ru) * 2008-09-23 2013-11-29 Юнилевер Нв Устройство для очистки воды
WO2010086079A2 (fr) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Unilever Nv Filtre
EP2226108A1 (fr) 2009-01-30 2010-09-08 Unilever N.V. filtre
CN102300615A (zh) * 2009-01-30 2011-12-28 荷兰联合利华有限公司 过滤器
WO2011147656A1 (fr) 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif de purification de l'eau
WO2012025343A1 (fr) 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Unilever Nv Dispositif de purification d'eau comprenant un dispositif par gravitation
WO2012107260A1 (fr) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-16 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Ensemble filtre et procédé de filtration

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA200606790B (en) Water purification system
US20180050926A1 (en) Multi-stage filter assembly
AU2009355271B2 (en) A method for the treatment of water and wastewater
WO2008028734A1 (fr) Filtre
CN201581020U (zh) 一种带有折叠保护层的净水器活性炭滤芯
CN107555660A (zh) 一种饮用水净化方法
CN103052597B (zh) 包括重力给料过滤器的水净化装置
KR100847909B1 (ko) 유해물질 및 염분을 제거하는 원심분리식 담수화장치
JP2008055282A (ja) ろ過システム
EP1900411A1 (fr) Filtre
WO2007130053A1 (fr) Système et procédé de conditionnement de l'eau
EP2384234B1 (fr) Filtre
US20190099704A1 (en) Systems and processes for filtering water with ultrafine granular media
JP2014094337A (ja) 浄水器
CN205653279U (zh) 一种家用地下水净化的净水器
US20050263459A1 (en) Flow-through fluidized filter for water treatment
CN112876004A (zh) 水厂运行系统及其工艺方法
CN201962103U (zh) 一种具有非亲水性滤膜及超滤膜的逆冲洗制水机
CN201384876Y (zh) 一种焊接式折叠净水滤芯
CN213950616U (zh) 一种纳米阻垢复合滤芯
KR20090013556A (ko) 고탁도 필터
WO2006037420A1 (fr) Dispositif de purification d'eau
US20220288514A1 (en) Systems and processes for filtering water with ultrafine granular media
CN202398220U (zh) 一种具有多功能复合滤胆的超滤膜净水器
CN105668876A (zh) 一种全屋kdf55超滤膜净水器的制作方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07802492

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07802492

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1