WO2008028412A1 - Procédé et appareil de routage, et procédé d'enregistrement d'informations de routage - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de routage, et procédé d'enregistrement d'informations de routage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008028412A1
WO2008028412A1 PCT/CN2007/070057 CN2007070057W WO2008028412A1 WO 2008028412 A1 WO2008028412 A1 WO 2008028412A1 CN 2007070057 W CN2007070057 W CN 2007070057W WO 2008028412 A1 WO2008028412 A1 WO 2008028412A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
routing
index information
compressed
routing entry
entry index
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/070057
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Chao Lv
Xiong Yang
Rongfeng Hong
Minwei Zhang
Zhitao Wang
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008028412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008028412A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/7453—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing

Definitions

  • Routing method Description Routing method, routing device, and routing information storage method
  • the present invention relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a routing method, a routing device, and a routing information storage method.
  • routing devices After the algorithm is compressed into a shorter address, there will always be an address duplication. To avoid address duplication, routing devices generally use multi-level HASH.
  • the forwarding performance of the routing device is poor. At the same time, because the routing device needs to be IP
  • the address is searched by the longest matching field, so that the IP in the HASH process
  • TCAM Triple Content Address Memory
  • TCAM is generally used to implement IP routing lookup.
  • TCAM is a high-speed content-based device. Three-value matching allows an IP routing entry to be configured with an IP address and a domain to be matched.
  • the longest match table is checked, and the result can be obtained in one lookup.
  • high-speed devices can achieve 266M/S, which is the unimaginable speed of HASH search, TCAM IP.
  • the current maximum single-chip capacity is 18 Mbit, and the single-chip capacity is difficult to do. Therefore, the capacity of the routing table is greatly limited.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a routing method, a routing device, and a routing information storage method, so that the CAM can store more routing entry index information and improve the CAM.
  • the performance of the routing table reduces the cost of the routing device.
  • a routing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the one unit in the content-based look-up table device accommodates one or more routing entry index information compressed in the first compression manner.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a routing device, where the routing device is provided with a CAM
  • the compression module is configured to obtain the compressed routing entry index information according to the routing entry index information in the data packet, and compress the compressed routing entry index information and the routing entry in the content lookup table device. The index information is matched to obtain matching index information; [20] The routing module is configured to perform routing and forwarding processing on the data packet according to the matching routing entry index information obtained by the compression module.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a routing information storage method, where the method includes:
  • the number of routing table entry index information that one unit needs to store is two or more.
  • CAM's unit width can accommodate multiple compressed routing entries index information, enabling CAM
  • routing table increases the capacity of the routing table, and overcomes the disadvantages of high cost of the routing device and large capacity limitation of the routing table when the CAM is used in the prior art; thus, the routing device can have the high efficiency of routing table lookup and large routing table capacity. , low cost of routing equipment and other characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a CAM in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of searching for a compressed IP address according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CAM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of searching for routing entry index information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the high forwarding performance and the lower cost routing lookup method can overcome the shortcomings of high routing equipment cost and large routing table capacity limitation while overcoming the poor routing and forwarding performance.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a CAM based
  • the fast routing method of indexing information compression of routing entries achieves high-speed, large-capacity, low-cost route lookup by utilizing the high-speed processing capability of CAM, such as TCAM devices, and the data organization method of combining routing table entry information.
  • a CAM such as a TCAM
  • One unit can store more than one routing table entry index information, that is, a CAM
  • the number of routing table entry index information stored in the unit should be greater than 1, such as a CAM
  • the index information of an integer number of routing entries greater than 1 is stored in the unit.
  • the number of index entries of the routing entries stored in a CAM unit may also be a non-integer greater than one.
  • the routing device should compress the index information of each routing entry so that a CAM unit width can accommodate multiple compressed routing entry index information.
  • the routing table entry index information should be compressed according to the unit width of the CAM.
  • the routing device first compresses the routing entry index information in the data packet, and indexes the routing entry in the compressed data packet with the CAM.
  • the routing table entry index information is matched. Then, the routing device forwards the data packet according to the matched index information.
  • the index information of the routing entries before compression is generally: VPNID and IP.
  • the routing device in the embodiment of the present invention needs to have a VPNID and an IP.
  • the address is compressed.
  • the specific compression process can be: IP
  • the address information of the predetermined section of the address is compressed into address information of a predetermined bit width.
  • the address information of the predetermined interval of the IP address may be: a class A address or a class B address in the IP address, that is, the routing device may preferentially compress the class A address or the class B address in the IP address when performing compression processing. , such as IP address high 16bit IP The address is compressed.
  • the specific compression algorithm can be set according to the specific conditions of the network. For example, the upper 16 bits of the IP address in the system only represents n.
  • the numbers 1 to n are set, and the different numbers correspond to different high 16 bits in the IP address.
  • compression can be performed according to the above compression algorithm.
  • the above predetermined bit width should be determined according to the cell width in the CAM, such as when a CAM
  • the width of the index information of one routing entry is CAM.
  • One-half of the width of the unit so that when determining the predetermined bit width, the width of the routing table item before compression is required to be the width of the CAM.
  • the width of the index information of the routing table item before compression is more than the width of the CAM unit width, and the width of the address information of the predetermined interval is set to K1.
  • the bit position, the index of the routing table item before compression is more than one-half K2 bit wider than the width of the CAM unit.
  • the pre-positioning width is: the difference between K1 and K2.
  • the routing device compresses the routing entries in the data packets by using the same compression method when receiving the data packets that need to be forwarded.
  • the matching process of the index information of the compressed routing entry is performed.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may also pre-set the correspondence between the uncompressed routing entry index information and the compressed routing entry index information, and the corresponding relationship may be stored in the routing device, such as the RAM stored in the routing device.
  • the routing device receives the need for route forwarding processing.
  • the uncompressed routing entry index information is obtained from the data packet, and then the linear matching is performed to match the uncompressed routing entry index information in the data packet. Routing entry index information, after finding the matching compressed routing entry index information , will find the compressed routing table entry index information and CAM
  • the routing table entry index information is matched. Finally, the routing device performs routing and forwarding processing on the data packet by using the matching routing entry index information in the CAM.
  • the routing device may match the lower-order entry in the CAM unit width to the index entry of the compressed routing entry in the CAM.
  • the order of the high-order entries matches the found index information of the compressed routing entries with the routing table entry index information in the CAM, for example, when a CAM
  • the routing device When two routing table entry index information is stored in the cell width, the routing device first performs a matching operation in the lower table entry of the CAM. If the matching succeeds, the matching process ends, and if the matching fails.
  • the matching operation is performed in the high order entry of the CAM.
  • the type identifier information should also be stored.
  • the type identifier information is used to indicate the type of the index information of the routing entry.
  • the type of the index information of the routing entry is the index information of the routing entry of the IPv4, and the index information of the routing entry of the IPv6.
  • type identification information such as IPv4 and IPv6, may be set for each routing entry index information.
  • the routing table entry index information is set with the type identification information. You can also set the type identification information for the partial routing entry index information. For example, only the IPv6 routing entry index information is used to set the type identification information.
  • IPv4 routing entry index information does not set type identification information.
  • the width of the CAM unit and the bit width information occupied by the type identification information should be considered.
  • the routing device When the type identifier information is stored, the routing device needs to obtain the uncompressed routing entry index information from the data packet, and also needs to determine the route. The type of table entry index information, and then, the routing device queries the RAM
  • the table and the like determine the index information of the compressed routing entry corresponding to the index information of the uncompressed routing entry, and the routing device uses the compressed route after determining the compressed routing entry index information corresponding to the data packet. Entry index information and type identification information in CAM
  • the matching entry is found, and the data packet is forwarded and processed according to the matching routing entry index information.
  • IPv4 routing entry index information is generally determined by VPNID and IP.
  • the routing device is based on VPNID and IP
  • the IPv4 IP address information is 32 bits
  • the VPNID is 10 bits
  • the TCAM unit width is as shown in Figure 1.
  • the TCAM unit has a width of 72 bits, and the width of the IP address and VPNID is 42 bits. Thus, the high 30 bits of the TCAM unit are not fully utilized.
  • the routing device can compress the VPNID+IP address information into 36bit, thus a 72bit TCAM
  • Two compressed routing entry index information can be placed in the unit, thereby making the TCAM
  • the routing table entry capacity has doubled.
  • the law of address distribution is that the number of network segments of an 8-bit Class A address and a 16-bit Class B address of a routing node on the network is small, and the change of the IP address is mainly concentrated in the latter 16 bits.
  • a routing entry index information can be 36 bits.
  • Composition including: lObit VPNID, compressed lObit high address index information, and low
  • RAM can be used in routing devices to store uncompressed high 16bit IP
  • routing device can directly use the high 16-bit IP address as the index in the RAM when constructing the routing entry index information.
  • the routing device uses the lObit high-order address index information, the lower 16-bit IP address information, and the VPNID obtained by the above linear lookup table to construct a CAM routing entry, as shown in FIG. 2, because each routing table in the TCAM The item width is reduced to 36 bits. Therefore, each 72-bit unit in the TCAM can store two routing table entry index information.
  • the routing device needs to forward and forward the data packet, first, obtain the IP address information and the VPNID information from the data packet, and then, the high address of the IP address and the RAM.
  • the entries in the match are matched, and the compressed lObit in the matching entry is obtained.
  • High-order address index information using the index information together with low 16-bit IP address information and VPNID to TCAM
  • the matching process of the routing entry index information is performed, and the data packet is forwarded and processed by using the matching index information of the routing entry.
  • the route forwarding process in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as the route forwarding process in the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the routing device uses the RAM and TCAM to route and forward data packets as shown in Figure 4.
  • step 400 the routing device receives the data packet and starts the routing process.
  • step 410 the routing device obtains IP address information from the data packet, and uses the IP
  • the upper 16 bits of the address are matched with the entries in the RAM to obtain the compressed high-order address index information of the lObit in the matching entry.
  • the routing device composes the compressed lObit high-order address index information with the lower 16-bit IP address information and the VPN ID to form the search information.
  • the routing device uses the retrieved information to the lower 36 bits of the TCAM.
  • routing entry index information The matching process of the routing entry index information is performed, and the routing device determines the low 36 bit of the TCAM. Whether there is routing table entry index information matching the retrieval information, if any, to step 440.
  • the routing device determines the low 36 bit of the TCAM.
  • the routing device uses the retrieved information to the TCAM high 36bit
  • the matching process of the routing entry index information is performed, and the routing device determines whether there is a routing entry index information matching the retrieval information in the high 36 bits of the TCAM, and if yes, executing step 440.
  • the routing device performs routing and forwarding processing on the data packet by using the matching routing entry index information, and ends the process.
  • the routing device uploads information such as the IP address of the packet to the CPU.
  • the address analysis is performed by the software, and then the software configures the corresponding compression entry, CAM.
  • Table entries and routing entries ensure that packets with the same address can be forwarded correctly.
  • the routing device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a CAM, a compression module, and a routing module.
  • the CAM stores the compressed index entries of each routing entry, and a CAM
  • More than one routing entry index information is stored in the unit.
  • the CAM here is like TCAM. When a unit of CAM is stored greater than 1
  • the length of the index information of the compressed routing entry should be determined according to the unit width of the CAM.
  • the index information of the routing entry is: The upper 16 bits of the IP address is compressed into the address index information of lObit. , the lower 16bit of the IP address and the VPNID.
  • the storage type identification information is also required, as described in the above method embodiment.
  • the compression module is used to: when the routing device needs to route data packets, compress the routing entry index information in the data packet, and compress the compressed routing entry index information with the CAM.
  • the routing table entry index information is matched, and the matched index information is sent to the routing module.
  • the compression module consists of a lookup submodule, a corresponding relational storage submodule, and a matching submodule.
  • the corresponding relationship storage submodule is mainly used to: store uncompressed routing table entry index information and compressed path
  • the correspondence between the index information of the entry can be RAM.
  • the correspondence stored in the RAM can be: the upper 16 bits of the IP address and the compressed lObit
  • the search sub-module is mainly used to: obtain the uncompressed routing entry index information from the data packet when the routing device needs to forward the data packet, and then the routing entry in the data packet.
  • the index information is matched and searched in the corresponding relationship storage sub-module to obtain the corresponding compressed routing entry index information, and the searched compressed routing entry index information is transmitted to the matching sub-module, such as the search sub-module.
  • the RAM searches for the lObit search information matching the upper 16 bits of the IP address in the data packet, and searches for the lObit search information, the lower 16 bits of the IP address in the data packet, and the VPNID in the data packet.
  • the information is transferred to the matching submodule. Specifically, it is as described in the above method embodiment.
  • the matching submodule is mainly used to: according to the routing table entry index information and CAM received by it
  • the routing table entry index information is matched and searched, and the matched index information is sent to the routing module.
  • the search sub-module can be searched in the order from low to high in the matching search process. For example, when two 72-bit units in the CAM store two routing table index information, the matching search is performed from the lower 36-bit unit. At low 36bit
  • the search sub-module When the type identification information is also stored, the search sub-module also needs to determine the type of the routing table item information in the data packet, and when the matching search is performed, the matching of the type identification information is added, as described in the above method. .
  • the routing module is mainly used to: receive the index information of the routing entry transmitted by the matching sub-module, and perform routing and forwarding processing on the data packet according to the index information of the routing entry.
  • the route forwarding processing operation performed by the routing module may be the same as the routing forwarding processing operation in the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the routing performance of the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the TCAM in the prior art. .
  • IP There are few combinations of high-order addresses in the address, there is a lot of compression space, and the index information of the routing entries is
  • the storage space of the CAM is fully utilized by adjusting the width of the index information of the routing entry. Moreover, adjusting the width of the index information of the routing entry does not cause the degradation of the routing forwarding performance.
  • the data organization method of the address is combined to realize a high-speed, large-capacity, low-cost route forwarding process.
  • Embodiments of the present invention have been verified by hardware and are indeed feasible.
  • the unit width of one CAM can accommodate multiple compressed routing entry index information, so that CAM
  • the correspondence between the index information of the uncompressed routing entry and the index information of the compressed routing entry is set, such as in RAM.
  • CAM can enable CAM to Routing and forwarding of multiple types of data packets, such as Ipv4 and Ipv6
  • the data packet is forwarded by the data packet.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention enables the routing device to have the characteristics of high efficiency of routing table lookup, large routing table capacity, and low cost of the routing device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de routage, ainsi qu'un procédé d'enregistrement d'informations de routage. Le procédé de routage consiste à recevoir les messages de données, acquérir les informations d'index comprimées de la table de routage selon les informations d'index de la table de routage dans le message de données, faire correspondre les informations d'index comprimées de la table de routage avec les informations d'index de la table de routage qui se situe dans la mémoire adressable par le contenu, acheminer le message de données par le biais des informations d'index appariées de la table de routage, une unité de mémoire d'adresse de contenu pouvant contenir au moins une information d'index de la table de routage qui est comprimée sous le premier format comprimé. Selon les informations d'index comprimées de chaque table de routage, une unité de mémoire d'adresse de contenu peut obtenir plusieurs informations d'index comprimées de la table de routage et peut enregistrer plus d'informations d'index de la table de routage, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité au moyen de la mémoire d'adresse de contenu et d'élargir la capacité de la table de routage. Le procédé selon cette invention permet de surmonter la faiblesse de l'état de la technique antérieure, lors l'utilisation de la mémoire d'adresse de contenu, qui se reflétait par le coût élevé de l'appareil de routage et la capacité bien limitée de la table de routage.
PCT/CN2007/070057 2006-08-29 2007-05-28 Procédé et appareil de routage, et procédé d'enregistrement d'informations de routage WO2008028412A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB2006101120862A CN100450100C (zh) 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 一种路由方法和路由设备
CN200610112086.2 2006-08-29

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