WO2008023239A1 - Pyrimidone compounds as gsk-3 inhibitors - Google Patents

Pyrimidone compounds as gsk-3 inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008023239A1
WO2008023239A1 PCT/IB2007/002390 IB2007002390W WO2008023239A1 WO 2008023239 A1 WO2008023239 A1 WO 2008023239A1 IB 2007002390 W IB2007002390 W IB 2007002390W WO 2008023239 A1 WO2008023239 A1 WO 2008023239A1
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Prior art keywords
membered
alkyl
heterocycloalkyl
alkylene
compound
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PCT/IB2007/002390
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French (fr)
Inventor
Bruce Allen Lefker
Michael Aaron Brodney
Subas Man Sakya
Bruce Allan Hay
Matthew David Wessel
Edward Lee Conn
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Pfizer Products Inc.
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Priority to AT07789659T priority Critical patent/ATE530540T1/en
Priority to CA2661334A priority patent/CA2661334C/en
Priority to AU2007287319A priority patent/AU2007287319A1/en
Priority to US12/438,198 priority patent/US20100292205A1/en
Priority to ES07789659T priority patent/ES2373587T3/en
Priority to JP2009525121A priority patent/JP2010501540A/en
Priority to MX2009001913A priority patent/MX2009001913A/en
Priority to EP07789659A priority patent/EP2057141B1/en
Publication of WO2008023239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008023239A1/en
Priority to IL197080A priority patent/IL197080A0/en
Priority to NO20090783A priority patent/NO20090783L/en

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    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to pyrimidone derivatives having activity as GSK-3 inhibitors.
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, and uses thereof in treating certain disorders.
  • Protein kinases regulate the signaling of extracellular events in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and take part in practically many events relating to the life and death of cells, including mitosis, differentiation and apoptosis. Inhibitors of certain kinases may have utility in the treatment of diseases when the kinase is not misregulated, but is nonetheless essential for maintenance of a disease. In this case, inhibition of the kinase activity would act either as a cure or palliative for these diseases and as such, inhibitors of protein kinases have long been favorable drug targets.
  • Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a proline-directed, serine/threonine kinase for which two isoforms, GSK-3 ⁇ and GSK-3 ⁇ , have been identified, phosphorylates the rate- limiting enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase (GS).
  • GSK-3 ⁇ and GSK-3 ⁇ are highly expressed. See, for example, Woodgett, et al., EMBO, 9, 2431-2438 (1990) and Loy, ef al., J. Peptide Res., 54, 85-91 (1999).
  • GSK-3 substrates Besides GS, a number of other GSK-3 substrates have been identified, including metabolic, signaling, and structural proteins. Notable among the signaling proteins regulated by GSK-3 are many transcription factors, including activator protein-1; cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB); the nuclear factor (NF) of activated T-cells; heat shock factor-1 ; beta.-catenin; c-Jun; c-Myc; c-Myb; and NF-.sub.KB. See, for example, C. A. Grimes, et al., Prog. Neurobiol., 65, 391-426 (2001), H. Eldar-Finkelman, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 8, 126-132 (2002), and P. Cohen, ef al., Nature, 2, 1-8, (2001).
  • CREB cyclic AMP response element binding protein
  • NF nuclear factor
  • Targeting GSK-3 activity has significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions including Alzheimer's Disease (A. Castro, et al., Exp. Opin. Ther. Pat., 10, 1519- 1527 (2000)); asthma (P. J. Barnes, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 42, 81-98 (2002)); cancer (Beals, ef al., Science, 275, 1930-1933 (1997), L. Kim, ef al., Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 10, 508-514 (2000), and Q. Eastman, et ah, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 11, 233 (1999)); diabetes and its related sequelae, for example, Syndrome X and obesity (S. E.
  • GSK-3 acts as a negative mediator in multiple cellular pathways, including insulin,
  • IGF-I and Wnt signaling cascades controlling muscle cell proliferation and differentiation (Glass, Int. J. Biochem. and Cell Biol., 37, 1974 (2005); McManus, ef al., EMBO J., 24, 1571 (2005); and Rochat, ef al., MoI. Biol. Cell., 15, 4544 (2004)).
  • the protein level and activity of GSK-3 are increased in muscle atrophic conditions, such as aging and immobilization of in both rats and human (Cosgrove, et al., Frontiers in Myogenesis, p. 71 (2006); and Funai, ef al. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp.
  • GSK-3 inhibition has therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions or dysfunctions arising from, or associated with, decreases in muscle mass and function.
  • Such conditions or dysfunctions comprise, for example, genetic or traumatic neurological muscle conditions in the young (e.g., muscular dystrophies); conditions arising from chronic illnesses (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the like); acute illnesses resulting from extended periods of bed rest; conditions related to decreased physical activity in elderly patients; and/or conditions in those experiencing acute injury/illness resulting in extended periods of immobilization and/or bed rest (e.g., hip replacement, major surgery, etc.).
  • chronic illnesses e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the like
  • acute illnesses resulting from extended periods of bed rest e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the like
  • acute illnesses resulting from extended periods of bed rest e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the like
  • acute illnesses resulting from extended periods of bed rest e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the
  • This invention relates to GSK-3 inhibitors of Formulae I and II, or the pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof,
  • R 1 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, wherein said alkyl is substituted by a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, and wherein said heterocycloalkyls and heteroaryls of R 2 are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R 7 ; or -NR 1 R 2 together may form a (8-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, both optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R 7 ; wherein R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; wherein R 4 is halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy or C 1 -C 6 haloal
  • the present invention provides compounds of Formula or Il shown above, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof.
  • R 2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
  • R 2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl.
  • R 2 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group substituted by a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
  • -NR 1 R 2 together form an 8, 9 or 10 membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • the 8, 9 or 10 membered heterocycloalkyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from -OH, halogen, -(C zero -C 4 alkylene)-C 6 -C 15 aryl, -(C zero -C 4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, or -(C zero -C 4 alky!ene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl.
  • -NR 1 R 2 taken together is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, a bridged azabicyclic group, a bridged diazabicyclic group and a group selected from:
  • X 1 is NR 13 or S and X 2 is O or NR 13 , wherein R 13 is absent, hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the compounds of Formula I or Il may have optical centers and therefore may occur in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric configurations.
  • the present invention includes all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers of such compounds of the Formula I or II, as well as racemic compounds, mixtures, and other mixtures of stereoisomers thereof.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula I or Il include the acid addition and base salts thereof.
  • Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include, but are not limited to, the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulphate/sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelates mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2- napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate,
  • Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include, but are not limited to, the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc salts.
  • Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulphate and hemicalcium salts.
  • Salt forming reactions are typically carried out in solution.
  • the resulting salt may precipitate or be recovered by evaporation of the solvent.
  • the degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
  • the compounds of the invention may exist in a continuum of solid states ranging from fully amorphous to fully crystalline.
  • the term 'amorphous' refers to a state in which the material lacks long range order at the molecular level and, depending upon temperature, may exhibit the physical properties of a solid or a liquid. Typically, such materials do not give distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns and, while exhibiting the properties of a solid, are more formally described as a liquid.
  • a change from solid to liquid properties occurs which is characterized by a change of state, typically second order ('glass transition').
  • 'crystalline' refers to a solid phase in which the material has a regular ordered internal structure at the molecular level and gives a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern with defined peaks.
  • Such materials when heated sufficiently will also exhibit the properties of a liquid, but the change from solid to liquid is characterized by a phase change, typically first order ('melting point').
  • the compounds of the invention may also exist in unsolvated and solvated forms.
  • 'solvate' is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol.
  • solvent molecules for example, ethanol.
  • 'hydrate' is employed when said solvent is water.
  • Isolated site hydrates are ones in which the water molecules are isolated from direct contact with each other by intervening organic molecules.
  • channel hydrates the water molecules lie in lattice channels where they are next to other water molecules.
  • metal-ion coordinated hydrates the water molecules are bonded to the metal ion.
  • the compounds of the invention may also exist in a mesomorphic state (mesophase or liquid crystal) when subjected to suitable conditions.
  • the mesomorphic state is intermediate between the true crystalline state and the true liquid state (either melt or solution).
  • Mesomorphism arising as the result of a change in temperature is described as 'thermotropic' and that resulting from the addition of a second component, such as water or another solvent, is described as 'lyotropic'.
  • the compounds of the invention include compounds of Formula I or II, as hereinbefore defined, including all polymorphs and crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers) as hereinafter defined and isotopically-labeled compounds of Formulas I or II.
  • prodrugs and isomers thereof including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers
  • isotopically-labeled compounds of Formulas I or II so-called 'prodrugs' of the compounds of Formula I or Il are also within the scope of the invention and may be prepared by replacing appropriate functionalities present in the compounds of Formula I or Il with certain moieties known to those skilled in the art as 'pro-moieties.' See, for example, Design of Prodrugs by H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985).
  • prodrugs in accordance with the invention include:
  • Compounds of Formula I or Il containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms can exist as two or more stereoisomers. Where a compound of Formula I or Il contains an alkenyl or alkenylene group, geometric cisltrans (or Z/E) isomers are possible. Where structural isomers are interconvertible via a low energy barrier, tautomeric isomerism ('tautomerism') can occur. This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of Formula I or Il containing, for example, an imino, keto, or oxime group, or so-called valence tautomerism in compounds that contain an aromatic moiety. It follows that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism.
  • Cisltrans isomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization.
  • enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • the racemate (or a racemic precursor) may be reacted with a suitable optically active compound, for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of Formula I or Il contains an acidic or basic moiety, a base or acid such as 1-phenylethylamine or tartaric acid.
  • a suitable optically active compound for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of Formula I or Il contains an acidic or basic moiety, a base or acid such as 1-phenylethylamine or tartaric acid.
  • the resulting diastereomeric mixture may be separated by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization and one or both of the diastereoisomers converted to the corresponding pure enantiomer(s) by means
  • Chiral compounds of the invention may be obtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography, typically HPLC, on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine. Concentration of the eluate affords the enriched mixture.
  • chromatography typically HPLC
  • a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine.
  • the first type is the racemic compound (true racemate) referred to above wherein one homogeneous form of crystal is produced containing both enantiomers in equimolar amounts.
  • the second type is the racemic mixture or conglomerate wherein two forms of crystal are produced in equimolar amounts each comprising a single enantiomer.
  • Racemic mixtures may be separated by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds; E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen
  • the present invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula I or Il wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature.
  • isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2 H and 3 H, carbon, such as 11 C, 13 C and
  • chlorine such as 36 CI
  • fluorine such as 18 F
  • iodine such as 123 I and 125 I
  • nitrogen such as 13 N and 15 N
  • oxygen such as 15 O 1 17 O and 18 O
  • phosphorus such as 32 P
  • sulfur such as
  • isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula I or II for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
  • Isotopically-labeled compounds of Formula I or Il can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate isotopically- labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
  • solvates in accordance with the invention include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D 2 O, d 6 -acetone, d 6 - DMSO.
  • Specific embodiments of the present invention include the compounds exemplified in the Examples below and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, complexes, solvates, polymorphs, stereoisomers, metabolites, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof,
  • This invention also pertains to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or condition.
  • This invention also pertains to a method of treating a disorder selected from
  • This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder or mood episode in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or episode.
  • This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder or mood episode in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in inhibiting PDE10.
  • mood disorders and mood episodes that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, major depressive episode of the mild, moderate or severe type, a manic or mixed mood episode, a hypomanic mood episode; a depressive episode with atypical features; a depressive episode with melancholic features; a depressive episode with catatonic features; a mood episode with postpartum onset; post- stroke depression; major depressive disorder; dysthymic disorder; minor depressive disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-psychotic depressive disorder of schizophrenia; a major depressive disorder superimposed on a psychotic disorder such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia; a bipolar disorder, for example bipolar I disorder, bipolar Il disorder, and cyclothymic disorder.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating a neurodegenerative disorder or condition in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or condition.
  • This invention further provides a method of treating a neurodegenerative disorder or condition in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in inhibiting PDE10.
  • a “neurodegenerative disorder or condition” refers to a disorder or condition that is caused by the dysfunction and/or death of neurons in the central nervous system. Treatment of these disorders and conditions can be facilitated by administration of an agent which prevents the dysfunction or death of neurons at risk in these disorders or conditions and/or enhances the function of damaged or healthy neurons in such a way as to compensate for the loss of function caused by the dysfunction or death of at-risk neurons.
  • the term "neurotrophic agent” as used herein refers to a substance or agent that has some or all of these properties.
  • neurodegenerative disorders and conditions examples include Parkinson's disease; Huntington's disease; dementia, for example Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, AIDS-related dementia, and Fronto temperal Dementia; neurodegeneration associated with cerebral trauma; neurodegeneration associated with stroke, neurodegeneration associated with cerebral infarct; hypoglycemia-induced neurodegeneration; neurodegeneration associated with epileptic seizure; neurodegeneration associated with neurotoxin poisoning; and multi-system atrophy.
  • the neurodegenerative disorder or condition comprises neurodegeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons in a mammal, including a human.
  • the neurodegenerative disorder or condition is Huntington's disease.
  • alkyl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight or branched moieties. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl.
  • alkenyl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon double bond wherein alkyl is as defined above. Examples of alkenyl include ethenyl and propenyl.
  • alkynyl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond wherein alkyl is as defined above.
  • alkynyl groups include ethynyl and 2-propynyl.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl, groups linked to an oxygen atom.
  • alkylthio as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl groups linked through a sulfur atom.
  • halogen or "halo” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or iodine.
  • haloalkyl refers to at least one halogen atom linked to an alkyl group.
  • haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl groups.
  • cycloalkyl includes non- aromatic saturated cyclic alkyl moieties wherein alkyl is as defined above.
  • examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
  • aryl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom, such as phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, and fluorenyl. "Aryl” encompasses fused ring groups wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
  • heterocyclic refers to non-aromatic cyclic groups containing one or more heteroatoms, preferably from one to four heteroatoms, each preferably selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
  • the heterocyclic groups of this invention can also include ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties.
  • non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepinyl, piperazinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyi, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3- dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex
  • heteroaryl refers to aromatic groups containing one or more heteroatoms (preferably oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen), preferably from one to four heteroatoms.
  • a multicyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms wherein at least one ring of the group is aromatic is a "heteroaryl” group.
  • the heteroaryl groups of this invention can also include ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties.
  • heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl,
  • all the foregoing groups derived from hydrocarbons may have up to about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms (e.g., C 1 -C 2 O alky!, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 3 -C 20 cycloalkyl, 3-20 membered heterocycloalkyl; C 6 -C 2 o aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl, etc.) or 1 to about 15 carbon atoms (e.g., CrC 15 alkyl, C 2 -Ci 5 alkenyl, C 3 -C 15 cycloalkyl, 3-15 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 15 aryl, 5-15 membered heteroaryl, etc.), or 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • carbon atoms e.g., C 1 -C 2 O alky!, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 3 -C 20
  • GSK-3 inhibitors of the instant invention have Ki values of less than, or about, 10 ⁇ M, more preferably less than or about 0.1 ⁇ M.
  • treating refers to reversing, alleviating, or inhibiting the progress of the disorder to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of the disorder.
  • the term also encompasses, depending on the condition of the patient, preventing the disorder, including preventing onset of the disorder or of any symptoms associated therewith, as well as reducing the severity of the disorder or any of its symptoms prior to onset.
  • Treating refers also to preventing a recurrence of a disorder.
  • the term "mammal”, as used herein, refers to any member of the class "Mammalia”, including humans, dogs, and cats.
  • the compound of the invention may be administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, in either single or multiple doses.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions formed thereby can then be readily administered in a variety of dosage forms such as tablets, powders, lozenges, liquid preparations, syrups, injectable solutions and the like.
  • These pharmaceutical compositions can optionally contain additional ingredients such as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like.
  • the compound of the invention may be formulated for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), transdermal (e.g., patch) or rectal administration, or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • parenteral e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous
  • transdermal e.g., patch
  • rectal administration e.g., in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • binding agents e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • fillers e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate
  • lubricants e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica
  • disintegrants e.g., potato starch or sodium
  • Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl p- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
  • suspending agents e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats
  • emulsifying agents e.g., lecithin or acacia
  • non-aqueous vehicles e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol
  • the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
  • the compounds of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion.
  • Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. They may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
  • a product solution When a product solution is required, it can be made by dissolving the isolated inclusion complex in water (or other aqueous medium) in an amount sufficient to generate a solution of the required strength for oral or parenteral administration to patients.
  • the compounds may be formulated for fast dispersing dosage forms, which are designed to release the active ingredient in the oral cavity. These have often been formulated using rapidly soluble gelatin-based matrices. These dosage forms are well known and can be used to deliver a wide range of drugs. Most fast dispersing dosage forms utilize gelatin as a carrier or structure-forming agent. Typically, gelatin is used to give sufficient strength to the dosage form to prevent breakage during removal from packaging, but once placed in the mouth, the gelatin allows immediate dissolution of the dosage form. Alternatively, various starches are used to the same effect.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the compound of the invention is conveniently delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, or other suitable gas.
  • a suitable propellant e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • the pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a solution or suspension of the active compound.
  • Capsules and cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound of the invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
  • Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above (e.g. migraine) in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose of aerosol contains about 20 mg to about 1 ,000 mg of the compound of the invention.
  • the overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range of about 100 mg to about 10 mg.
  • Administration may be several times daily, e.g. 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
  • a proposed daily dose of the compound of the invention for oral, parenteral, rectal, or buccal administration to the average adult human may be from about 0.01 mg to about 2,000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of Formula I or Il per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
  • a proposed daily dose of the compound of the invention for oral, parenteral, rectal or buccal administration to the average adult human may be from about 0.01 mg to about 2,000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of Formula I or H per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
  • Tet-Off cell line Tet-Off cell line.
  • GSK-3 ⁇ activity was measured using an immunoassay that detects specific phosphorylation of tau at serine 202 and threonine 205 using cellular lysates of the induced cell line.
  • Cells were grown in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% tetracycline approved FBS (BD Biosciences Clontech) and 400 pg/ml doxycycline (Sigma). Expression of tau and GSK-3 ⁇ was induced by growth in medium without doxycycline for 72 hours.
  • the cells were incubated with test agent for 90 minutes and then the medium was removed and the cells lysed with a buffer containing 25OmM NaCI, 5OmM Tris pH 7.5, 5mM EDTA, 0.1% NP40, 5mM DTT, 1mM sodium orthovanadate, 1uM okadaic acid, and 1X Protease Inhibitor (Roche - Complete tablet).
  • Recombinant human GSK3 ⁇ was expressed in SF9/Baculo virus cells. His-tag protein was purified by affinity chromatography to a Ni-NTA Superflow column. Enzyme activity was assayed as the incorporation of [33P] from the gamma phosphate of [33P]ATP (PerkinEImer) into biotinylated peptide substrate bio-LC-S-R-H-S-S-P-H-Q-pS-E-D-E-E-E-OH (Anaspec).
  • Reactions were carried out in a buffer containing 8 mM MOPS (pH 7.0), 10 mM Magnesium Acetate, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1mM DTT and 2 uM cold ATP.
  • the 33P-ATP was added for 0.025uCi/well (120 uL) and the final concentration of substrate was 1.0 uM.
  • Enzyme was preincubated with test agent for 30 minutes at room temperature followed by initiation of the reaction by the addition of substrate mix. Incubations were carried out at RT for 60 min.
  • intermediate compounds in Scheme 1 wherein A is a carbon or nitrogen, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are as described above may be prepared from compounds of Formula 1 and Formula 4, which may be commercially available, or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as oxidation with selenium dioxide in a solvent such as pyridine.
  • compounds of Formula 3 may be prepared by esterification of compounds of Formula 2 with an acid, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, in a solvent such as methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), or isopropanol.
  • a solvent such as methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), or isopropanol.
  • the preferred solvent is ethanol, with sulfuric acid as the acid, at a temperature between O 0 C and 67 0 C, preferably 2O 0 C to 67 0 C.
  • compounds of Formula 4 may be prepared by condensation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) using a base such as sodium hydride, potassium terf-butoxide or metallated hexamethyldisilazine in a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), or EtOAc.
  • a base such as sodium hydride, potassium terf-butoxide or metallated hexamethyldisilazine
  • a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), or EtOAc.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • EtOAc ethyl acetate
  • the preferred base is potassium terf-butoxide
  • the preferred solvent is EtOAc/THF at a temperature between O 0 C and 67 0 C, preferably 20°C to
  • compounds of Formula 4 may be prepared by treating compounds of
  • compounds of Formula 5 may be prepared by condensation of 1-methyl-2-thiourea in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, potassium tert- butoxide or DBU in a solvent such as MeOH, or EtOH.
  • a base such as sodium hydride, potassium tert- butoxide or DBU
  • a solvent such as MeOH, or EtOH.
  • the preferred solvent is ethanol with
  • compounds of Formula 6 may be prepared by chlorination of compounds of Formula 5 using a chlorinating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride or phosphorous pentachloride in a solvent such as DMF or DCE.
  • a chlorinating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride or phosphorous pentachloride in a solvent such as DMF or DCE.
  • the preferred solvent is DMF with phosphorous oxychloride as the preferred chlorinating agent at a temperature between
  • compounds of Formula 7 may be prepared by nucleophilic amine displacement with an amine of Formula 6 or Formula 9 in the presence of a base such as triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), or DBU in a solvent such as DMF,
  • a base such as triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), or DBU in a solvent such as DMF
  • the preferred solvent is DMF, with DBU as the preferred base, at a temperature between O 0 C and 11O 0 C, preferably 4O 0 C to 8O 0 C.
  • compounds of Formula 8 may be prepared by displacement of methyl iodide with a compound of Formula 5 in the presence of a base such sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium-terf-butoxide or DBU in a solvent such as THF, water,
  • the preferred solvent is a mixture of water and THF with sodium hydroxide as the preferred base at a temperature between O 0 C and 8O 0 C, preferably O 0 C to
  • compounds of Formula 9 may be prepared by oxidation of the sulfide in the presence of mCPBA or hydrogen peroxide, in a solvent such as THF or dichloromethane.
  • a solvent such as THF or dichloromethane.
  • the preferred solvent is dichloromethane with mCPBA at a temperature between O 0 C and 80 0 C, preferably O 0 C to 4O 0 C.
  • the compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 refer to compounds of Formula 7, as prepared in Scheme 1, where the -NR 1 R 2 group of Formula 7 contains an amine group which is protected with a protecting group (e.g., compounds of Formula 10, 11 and 12 where P represents a protecting group such as Boc, Fmoc or CBZ).
  • a protecting group e.g., compounds of Formula 10, 11 and 12 where P represents a protecting group such as Boc, Fmoc or CBZ.
  • P represents a protecting group such as Boc, Fmoc or CBZ
  • Scheme 2 compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 can be deprotected and then capped to give compounds of Formula 16, 17 or 18.
  • protection/deprotection methods is known to those skilled in the art. See T.W. Greene; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.
  • deprotection of compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 is carried out by known methods to afford compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15.
  • the preferred protecting group is BOG, which can be removed by known methods, preferably trifluoroacetic acid in DCE at a temperature of -78 0 C and 67 0 C preferably 0 to 50°.
  • desired compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein CAP refers to an amide group with side chain R 9 may be prepared by acylation of compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15 with acid chlorides in the presence of an amine base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • the preferred solvent is DMSO with TEA as the preferred base at a temperature between 2O 0 C and 12O 0 C preferably between 2O 0 C and 6O 0 C.
  • compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP group is an amide group R 9 as a side chain may be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 with the carboxylic acid using a suitable coupling reagent such as DCC, or HATU and a base such as TEA, DIPEA, potassium carbonate, or sodium carbonate.
  • a suitable coupling reagent such as DCC, or HATU
  • a base such as TEA, DIPEA, potassium carbonate, or sodium carbonate.
  • the preferred base is DlPEA in a suitable inert solvent such as DMF, THF, methylene chloride, or dioxane.
  • the preferred coupling agent is HATU.
  • the preferred solvent is DMF at a temperature between -4O 0 C and 4O 0 C, preferably 20 to 4O 0 C.
  • desired compounds of Formulae 16, 17, and 18, wherein CAP group is a carbamate with R 9 as a side chain may be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15 with the chloroformate in the presence of an amine base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • an amine base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine
  • a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • the preferred solvent is DCE, with TEA as the preferred amine base, at a temperature between O 0 C and 12O 0 C preferably between O 0 C and 3O 0 C.
  • desired compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP is a sulfonamide group with side chain NR 8 R 9 may be prepared from compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 with the sulfonychloride in the presence of a base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • a base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine
  • a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile.
  • the preferred solvent is DCE, with TEA as the preferred amine base, at a temperature between O 0 C and 12O 0 C preferably between O 0 C and 3O 0 C.
  • compounds of Formulae 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP is described as R 9 may be prepared by reductive amination of compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 by treatment with an aldehyde or ketone, in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, or sodium cyanoborohydride, and optional additives such as acetic acid or sodium acetate.
  • a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, or sodium cyanoborohydride
  • optional additives such as acetic acid or sodium acetate.
  • the preferred reducing agent is sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as EtOH, THF, methylene chloride, dioxan, or toluene.
  • the preferred solvent is EtOH at a temperature of -78 0 C and 67 0 C, preferably 0 to 5O 0 C.
  • Step A Z-Mercapto-S-methyl-e-pyridin ⁇ -yl-SH-pyrimidin ⁇ -one: A mixture of ethyl isonicotinoylacetate (Acros) (40.6 g, 210 mmol), 1-methyl-2-thiourea (56.8 g, 630 mmol), DBU (31.4 ml, 31.9 g, 210 mmol) and EtOH (400 ml) was heated at reflux for 4 hr. After cooling in an ice-water bath, a solution of methanesulfonic acid (13.6 ml, 20.2 g, 210 mmol) in water (70 ml) was added slowly and the thick precipitate collected by filtration and washed with water.
  • Acros ethyl isonicotinoylacetate
  • 1-methyl-2-thiourea 56.8 g, 630 mmol
  • DBU 31.4 ml, 31.9 g, 210 mmol
  • EtOH 400
  • Step B 2-Chloro-3-methyl-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one:
  • Step A Preparation of Pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid: To a solution of 4-methyl pyrimidine (Aldrich) (10 g, 0.10 mmol) in pyridine (100 ml) was added SeO 2 (17.8 g, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was heated to 55°C for 2 hr., then 85 0 C for 3.5 hr. The reaction was allowed to cool to RT and stirred for 36 hr. The solids were filtered through diatomaceous earth. The solvent was evaporated and the residue diluted in 100 ml MeOH. The precipitate was collected to give the title compound as a brown solid (9.7 g, 78%).
  • Step B Preparation of Pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester: A solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step A (6.17 g, 49.7 mmol), in MeOH (60 ml) was added to sulfuric acid (0.3 ml) and heated to refluxed for 16 hr. Excess solvent was removed under vacuum to obtain a residue, which was dissolved in 10% MeOH/CHCI 3 (100 ml) and adsorbed onto silica gel. The crude material was purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting with CHCl 3 then 10% MeOH/CHCI 3 to obtain the title compound as a yellow solid (5.8 g, 85%).
  • Step C S-Oxo-S-pyrimidin ⁇ -yl-propionic acid ethyl ester : To a solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step B (5.8 g, 42 mmol), in EtOAc (180 ml) was added 1M potassium ferf-butoxide in THF (85 ml, 85 mmol) in four portions, with mechanical stirring. The reaction was refluxed for 40 hr. Water (200 ml) was added and layers separated. The aqueous was washed with EtOAc (2 X 100 ml). The aqueous was acidified with cone. HCI to pH 2-3 then extracted with CHCI 3 (3 X 100 ml).
  • Step D 2-Mercapto-1-methyl-1H-r4,4'lbipyrimidinyl-6-one : To a solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step C (8 g, 41.2371 mmol), in EtOH (70 ml) were added N-methyl thiourea (7.43 g, 82.47 mmol) and DBU (6.27 g, 41.29 mmol) at RT. The mixture was heated to 7O 0 C and stirred for 4 hr. The mixture was concentrated and the crude residue purified by column chromatography over 60-120 mesh silica gel column using 40% EtOAc in DCM as eluting solvent to give the title compound as yellow crystalline solid (6 g, 66%).
  • Step E 2-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-r4.4'lbipyrimidinyl-6-one : To DMF (50 ml) cooled in an ice bath was added POCI 3 (11 ml). The mixture was stirred for 30 min., and then the product of Preparation 2, Step C (5 g, 22.7 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was heated in a 5O 0 C oil bath and stirred for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and poured onto ice water (-200 ml) and stirred until mixture warmed to RT. The solution was neutralized to pH ⁇ 7 with solid sodium bicarbonate. The formed solid was collected to yield (3.42g) of brown solid.
  • Step A 3-Methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one: To a suspension of the product of Preparation 2, Step D (250 mg, 1.1 mmol), in THF (3 ml) was added MeI (0.08 ml, 1.2 mmol) then 1N NaOH (1.4 ml, 1.4 mmol). The suspension was stirred for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with water then extracted with CHCI 3 (3X). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the title compound as a yellow crystalline solid (277 mg, 100%). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): ⁇ ppm 9.30
  • Step B 3-Methyl-2-(tnethylsulfonyl)-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 3, Step A (550 mg, 2.3 mmol), in THF (55 ml) was added mCPBA (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol) and stirred for 16 hr. The solvent was removed and the residue redissolved in CHCI 3 and adsorbed onto silica gel. The residue was purified by column chromatography over 60-120 mesh silica gel column eluting with 50% EtOAc in hexane to give a white solid (625 mg, 54%).
  • mCPBA 1.0 g, 5.8 mmol
  • Step A Ethyl 3-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-oxopropanoate: To a suspension of 3- fluoroisonicotinic acid (3 g, 21.3 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added CDI (3.6 g, 22.4 mmol).
  • Step B 6-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-yl)-2-mercapto-3-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a suspension of the product of Preparation 4, Step A (3.9 g, 18.4 mmol), in toluene (40 ml) was added N-methylthiourea (5.6 g, 62.6 mmol) and DBU (3.0 ml, 20.3 mmol) and the mixture heated at 100°C for 48 hr. 30 ml of EtOH was added and the reaction heated at 100 0 C for -18 hr. The reaction was cooled to RT and water (18 ml) and methanesulfonic acid (2 ml) was added and stirred for 1 hr.
  • Example 36 fert-butyl (2S)-2-frEthyl(1-methyl-6-oxo-4-pyrimidin-4-yl-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin-2-yl)amino1methyl>pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate: To a solution of the product of Preparation 2 (67 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added (S)-fe/t-butyl-2- ((ethylamino)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (82 mg, 0.36 mmol), then TEA (0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol). The reaction was heated to 8O 0 C for 16 hr.
  • Example 37 2-r(4S,4aS,8aR)-4-Hvdroxy-4-phenyloctahvdroquinolin-1(2H)-yll-3-methyl- 6-pyrimidin-4-ylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 2 (67 mg, 0.30 mmols) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added (4S,4aS,8aR)-4-phenyl-decahydroquinolin-4-ol (8 2mg, 0.36 mmol), then TEA ( 0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol). The reaction was heated to 80 0 C for 16 hr.
  • Example 38 fert-butyl (1R,5S,6s)-6-r(1-Methyl-6-oxo-4- pyrimidin -4-yl-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin- ⁇ -vOaminol-S-azabicvclors.i.Oihexane-S-carboxylate: To a solution of the product of Preparation 3 (20 mg, 0.07mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) was added (1 R,5S,6s)-terf- butyl ⁇ -amino-S-aza-bicycIofS.I.Olhexane-S-carboxylate (20 mg, 0.10 mmol), followed by the addition of TEA (0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol).
  • Example 39 ferf-butyl 4-r(1-Methyl-6-oxo-4-pyrimidin-4-yl-1,6-dihvdropyrimidin-2- yhaminolazepane-i-carboxylate: To a solution of product of Preparation 3 (80 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (1.0ml) was added ferf-butyl 4-aminoazepane-1-carboxylate (75 mg, 0.35 mmol), followed by the addition of TEA ( 0.15 ml, 1.1 mmol). The reaction was then heated to 80°C for 16 hr., and cooled to RT. The reaction was diluted with DMSO (1.5 ml) and purified on prep.
  • DMSO 1.5 ml
  • Example 40 2-(6-Amino 3-aza-bicvclor3.1.01hexane-3-tert-butyl carboxylate)-6-(3- fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 4, Step C (50 mg, 0.21 mmol), TEA (58 mg, 0.42 mol), and (1 R,5S,6s)-terf-butyl ⁇ -amino-S-aza-bicyclo ⁇ .i .Olhexane-S-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) was heated in a microwave (Biotage) at 150 0 C for 5 min.
  • Step C 50 mg, 0.21 mmol
  • TEA 58 mg, 0.42 mol
  • Example 41 2-(1-Acetylazepan-4-ylamino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin-4-v0pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 8 (80 ⁇ mol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml). The reaction was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated to give a crude residue, which was dissolved in DMF (500 ⁇ l). TEA (160 ⁇ mol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added followed by 1- hydroxybenzotrazole/dimethylsulfoxide-N-methylpyrrolidinone (HBTU) (80 ⁇ mol) in DMF (0.2 ml).
  • HBTU 1- hydroxybenzotrazole/dimethylsulfoxide-N-methylpyrrolidinone
  • Example 61 (R)-2-(((1-Benzoylpyrrolidin-2-yl)metr ⁇ yl)(ethyl)amino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin- 4-yl)pyrimidi ⁇ -4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 4 (80 ⁇ mol) was added TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in DMF (500 ⁇ l). TEA (160 ⁇ mol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added followed by benzoylchloride (80 ⁇ mol) in DMF (0.2 ml). The reaction was shaken at RT for 16 hr.
  • Example 156 (R)-2-(Ethyl((1-(methylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methv ⁇ amino)-3-methyl-6- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 32 (80 ⁇ mol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a residue, which was dissolved in DCE (500 ⁇ l). TEA (160 ⁇ mol) in DCE (0.2 ml) was added followed by methanesulfonylchloride (80 ⁇ mol) in DCE (0.2 ml).
  • Examples 157 to 199 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 156 substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate sulfonyl chloride.
  • Example 200 (R)-2-(Ehyl((1-(methylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-3-methyl-6- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 8 (80 ⁇ mol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a crude residue, which was dissolved in DCE (500 ml). TEA (160 ⁇ mol) in DCE (0.2 ml) was added followed by methylchloroformate (80 ⁇ mol) in DCE (0.2 ml).
  • Examples 201 to 221 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 200, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate chloroformate.
  • Examples 222 to 234 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 200, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate chloroform ate.
  • Example 235 (R)-2-(Ethyl((1 -methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methv0amino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin-4- yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 4 (80 ⁇ mol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a residue, which was dissolved in MeOH (0.5 ml). TEA (160 ⁇ mol) in MeOH (0.2 ml) was added, followed by formaldehyde (80 ⁇ mol) in MeOH (0.2 ml).
  • Examples 236 to 262 may be prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 235, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate aldehyde.
  • Example 263 (1S,5R,6s)-fert-butyl 6-((4-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-vn-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-3-aza-bicvclor3.1.0lhexane-3-carboxylate: To a solution of (1S,5R,6s)-terf-butyl-6-(4-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-1-methyl-6-oxo-1 ,6- dihydropyrimidin ⁇ -ylarninoJ-S-aza-bicyclofS.I .Olhexane-S-carboxylate (1.2 g, 3 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) was added 60% NaH ( 956 mg, 6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min.
  • Example 264 6-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methyl-2-(methyl((1S.5R.6s)-3-(pyrimidin-2-v0- 3-aza-bicyclor3.1.01hexan-6-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 274 was added a solution of TFA (5 ml) in DCM (5 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 1 hr. The solvents were evaporated to give a crude residue (35 mg, 85 ⁇ mol), which was dissolved in DMF (1 ml) followed by addition of TEA (90 ⁇ l, 510 ⁇ mol), then 2-chloropyrimidine (19 mg, 166 ⁇ mol).
  • Examples 265 to 291 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Examples 263 and 264, substituting the appropriate starting material and coupling with the appropriate reagent.

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Abstract

The invention relates to pyrimidone derivatives I having activity as GSK-3 inhibitors. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives and uses thereof in treating certain disorders. Formula (I):

Description

PYRIMIDONE COMPOUNDS AS GSK-3 INHIBITORS
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/823,267, filed August 23, 2006.
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to pyrimidone derivatives having activity as GSK-3 inhibitors. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, and uses thereof in treating certain disorders.
Background of Invention
Protein kinases regulate the signaling of extracellular events in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and take part in practically many events relating to the life and death of cells, including mitosis, differentiation and apoptosis. Inhibitors of certain kinases may have utility in the treatment of diseases when the kinase is not misregulated, but is nonetheless essential for maintenance of a disease. In this case, inhibition of the kinase activity would act either as a cure or palliative for these diseases and as such, inhibitors of protein kinases have long been favorable drug targets.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a proline-directed, serine/threonine kinase for which two isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, have been identified, phosphorylates the rate- limiting enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase (GS). See, for example, Embi, ef al., Eur. J. Biochem., 107, 519-527 (1980). GSK-3α and GSK-3β are highly expressed. See, for example, Woodgett, et al., EMBO, 9, 2431-2438 (1990) and Loy, ef al., J. Peptide Res., 54, 85-91 (1999). Besides GS, a number of other GSK-3 substrates have been identified, including metabolic, signaling, and structural proteins. Notable among the signaling proteins regulated by GSK-3 are many transcription factors, including activator protein-1; cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB); the nuclear factor (NF) of activated T-cells; heat shock factor-1 ; beta.-catenin; c-Jun; c-Myc; c-Myb; and NF-.sub.KB. See, for example, C. A. Grimes, et al., Prog. Neurobiol., 65, 391-426 (2001), H. Eldar-Finkelman, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 8, 126-132 (2002), and P. Cohen, ef al., Nature, 2, 1-8, (2001).
Targeting GSK-3 activity has significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions including Alzheimer's Disease (A. Castro, et al., Exp. Opin. Ther. Pat., 10, 1519- 1527 (2000)); asthma (P. J. Barnes, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 42, 81-98 (2002)); cancer (Beals, ef al., Science, 275, 1930-1933 (1997), L. Kim, ef al., Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 10, 508-514 (2000), and Q. Eastman, et ah, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 11, 233 (1999)); diabetes and its related sequelae, for example, Syndrome X and obesity (S. E. Nikoulina, ef al., Diabetes, 51 , 2190-2198 (2002), Orena, ef al., JBC, 15765-15772 (2000), and Summers, ef al., J. Biol. Chem., 274 17934-17940 (1999)); hair loss (S. E. Millar, ef al., Dev. Biol., 207, 133-149 (1999) and E. Fuchs, ef al., Dev. Cell, 1 , 13-25 (2001)); inflammation (P. Cohen, Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 5001-5010 (2001)); mood disorders, such as depression (A. Adnan, ef al., Chem. Rev., 101, 2527-2540 (2001) and R. S. B. Williams, ef al., Trends Phamacol. Sd., 21 , 61-64 (2000)); neuronal cell death and stroke (D. A. E. Cross, et al., J. Neurochem., 77, 94- 102 (2001) and C. Sasaki, ef al., Neurol. Res., 23, 588-592 (2001)); bipolar disorder (Klein, et al., PNAS, 93, 8455-8459 (1996)); and in cardio-protection (C. Badorff, ef al., J. Clin. Invest., 109, 373-381 (2002), S. Haq, ef al., J. Cell Biol., 151, 117-129 (2000), and H. Tong, et al., Circulation Res., 90, 377-379 (2002)). GSK-3 acts as a negative mediator in multiple cellular pathways, including insulin,
IGF-I and Wnt signaling cascades controlling muscle cell proliferation and differentiation (Glass, Int. J. Biochem. and Cell Biol., 37, 1974 (2005); McManus, ef al., EMBO J., 24, 1571 (2005); and Rochat, ef al., MoI. Biol. Cell., 15, 4544 (2004)). The protein level and activity of GSK-3 are increased in muscle atrophic conditions, such as aging and immobilization of in both rats and human (Cosgrove, et al., Frontiers in Myogenesis, p. 71 (2006); and Funai, ef al. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 290, R1080 (2006); in denervation-induced atrophy, and in Type Il diabetic and obese subjects (Frame, ef al., Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 10, 429 (2006)). GSK-3 inhibition by RNA interference or by small molecules stimulates myotube formation and reduces proteolysis in myocyte cell cultures and in animal models (Van der Velden, et al., Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol., 290, C453-(2006); Li, ef al., Int. J. Biochem. and Cell Biol., 37, 2207 (2005); Fang, ef al., Endocrinology, 146, 3141 (2005); Evenson, ef al., Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 37, 2226 (2005)). Therefore, inhibition of GSK-3 activity has therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions or dysfunctions arising from, or associated with, decreases in muscle mass and function. Such conditions or dysfunctions comprise, for example, genetic or traumatic neurological muscle conditions in the young (e.g., muscular dystrophies); conditions arising from chronic illnesses (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, cancer, stroke, and the like); acute illnesses resulting from extended periods of bed rest; conditions related to decreased physical activity in elderly patients; and/or conditions in those experiencing acute injury/illness resulting in extended periods of immobilization and/or bed rest (e.g., hip replacement, major surgery, etc.).
Summary of the Invention
This invention relates to GSK-3 inhibitors of Formulae I and II, or the pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof,
Figure imgf000004_0001
wherein R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl group;
R2 is a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl or a C1-C6 alkyl group, wherein said alkyl is substituted by a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, and wherein said heterocycloalkyls and heteroaryls of R2 are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7; or -NR1R2 together may form a (8-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, both optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7; wherein R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; wherein R4 is halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or C1-C6 haloalkoxy; wherein each R7 is independently selected from -OH, halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2-C6 alkynoxy, -C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -NR°Ra, -C(=O)NϋRa, -C(=O)RB, -C(=O)ORH, -S(O)2NRsRa, -S(O)nR", -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8, -(C2βro-C6 alkylene)-C6-C15 aryl, -(C2ero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-C6-Ci5 aryloxy and -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryloxy, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl and heteroaryloxy of R7 are each optionally independently substituted with one or more subsitutents selected from halogens, -C1-C12 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkoxy, -NR8R9, -C(=O)N8R9, -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8, -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8,-S(O)2NR8R9, -S(O)nR8 or -OH; each R8 and R9 are independently selected from -H, -C1-C15 alkyl, -C2-C15 alkenyl, - C2-C15 alkynyl, -(C2ero-C4 alkylene)-(C3-C15 cycloalkyl), -(C2Sr0-C4 alkylene)-(C4-C8 cycloalkenyl), (CzeiO-C4 alkylene)-((5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl), -(Czero-C4 a!kylene)-(C6- Ci5 aryl) and -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-((5-15 membered) heteroaryl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl of R8 and R9 are each -A-
optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from -OH, -C1-C12 alkyl, -C2-C12 alkenyl, -C2-C12 alkynyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2- C6 alkynoxy, -C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -CF3, -NH2, -NH(C1-C6 alkyl), -N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, -C(=O)NH2,
Figure imgf000005_0001
alkyl), -C(=O)N(Ci-Cβ alkyl)2, -SO2NH2, -SO2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), -SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, -C(=O)H, -C(=O)OH and -Cf=O)O(C1-C6 alkyl); n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4, and p is 0, 1 , 2 or 3.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides compounds of Formula or Il shown above, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention for Formulas I or II, R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
In another embodiment of the present invention for Formulas I or II, R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl.
In another embodiment of the present invention for Formulas I or II, R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group substituted by a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
In another embodiment of the present invention for Formulas I or II, -NR1R2 together form an 8, 9 or 10 membered heterocycloalkyl. In another embodiment, the 8, 9 or 10 membered heterocycloalkyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from -OH, halogen, -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-C6-C15 aryl, -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, or -(Czero-C4 alky!ene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl.
In another embodiment of the present invention for Formulas I or II, -NR1R2 taken together is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, a bridged azabicyclic group, a bridged diazabicyclic group and a group selected from:
Figure imgf000005_0002
Figure imgf000005_0003
Figure imgf000005_0004
wherein X1 is NR13 or S and X2 is O or NR13, wherein R13 is absent, hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl. In another embodiment, R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl substituted by R7; wherein R7 is -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8 Or-S(O)nR8, and R8 is (CWC6 aikylene)-C6-C15 aryl.
The compounds of Formula I or Il may have optical centers and therefore may occur in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric configurations. The present invention includes all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers of such compounds of the Formula I or II, as well as racemic compounds, mixtures, and other mixtures of stereoisomers thereof.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula I or Il include the acid addition and base salts thereof.
Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Examples include, but are not limited to, the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulphate/sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelates mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2- napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, salicylate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, sulfonate, stannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate, and xinofoate salts.
Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Examples include, but are not limited to, the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc salts.
Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulphate and hemicalcium salts.
For a review on these and other suitable salts, see Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, 2002).
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formulas I or Il may be prepared by:
(i) reacting the compound of Formula I or Il with the desired acid or base;
(ii) removing an acid- or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of Formula I or Il or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid or base; or
(iii) converting one salt of the compound of Formula I or Il to another by reaction with an appropriate acid or base or by means of a suitable ion exchange column.
Salt forming reactions are typically carried out in solution. The resulting salt may precipitate or be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized. The compounds of the invention may exist in a continuum of solid states ranging from fully amorphous to fully crystalline. The term 'amorphous' refers to a state in which the material lacks long range order at the molecular level and, depending upon temperature, may exhibit the physical properties of a solid or a liquid. Typically, such materials do not give distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns and, while exhibiting the properties of a solid, are more formally described as a liquid. Upon heating, a change from solid to liquid properties occurs which is characterized by a change of state, typically second order ('glass transition'). The term 'crystalline' refers to a solid phase in which the material has a regular ordered internal structure at the molecular level and gives a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern with defined peaks. Such materials when heated sufficiently will also exhibit the properties of a liquid, but the change from solid to liquid is characterized by a phase change, typically first order ('melting point').
The compounds of the invention may also exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. The term 'solvate' is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol. The term 'hydrate' is employed when said solvent is water.
A currently accepted classification system for organic hydrates is one that defines isolated site, channel, or metal-ion coordinated hydrates. See, for example, Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids; K. R. Morris (Ed. H. G. Brittain, Marcel Dekker, 1995). Isolated site hydrates are ones in which the water molecules are isolated from direct contact with each other by intervening organic molecules. In channel hydrates, the water molecules lie in lattice channels where they are next to other water molecules. In metal-ion coordinated hydrates, the water molecules are bonded to the metal ion.
The compounds of the invention may also exist in a mesomorphic state (mesophase or liquid crystal) when subjected to suitable conditions. The mesomorphic state is intermediate between the true crystalline state and the true liquid state (either melt or solution). Mesomorphism arising as the result of a change in temperature is described as 'thermotropic' and that resulting from the addition of a second component, such as water or another solvent, is described as 'lyotropic'. Compounds that have the potential to form lyotropic mesophases are described as 'amphiphilic' and consist of molecules which possess an ionic (such as -COO"Na+, -COO'K+, or -SO3 "Na+) or non-ionic (such as -N"N+(CH3)3) polar head group. For more information, see Crystals and the Polarizing Microscope; N. H. Hartshorne and A. Stuart, 4th Edition (Edward Arnold, 1970).
The compounds of the invention include compounds of Formula I or II, as hereinbefore defined, including all polymorphs and crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers) as hereinafter defined and isotopically-labeled compounds of Formulas I or II. As indicated, so-called 'prodrugs' of the compounds of Formula I or Il are also within the scope of the invention and may be prepared by replacing appropriate functionalities present in the compounds of Formula I or Il with certain moieties known to those skilled in the art as 'pro-moieties.' See, for example, Design of Prodrugs by H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985). Some examples of prodrugs in accordance with the invention include:
(i) compounds of Formula I or Il containing a carboxylic acid functionality (-COOH), an ester thereof, for example, a compound wherein the hydrogen of the carboxylic acid functionality of the compound of Formula (I) is replaced by (C1-C8)alkyl;
(ii) compounds of Formula I or Il containing an alcohol functionality (-OH), an ether thereof, for example, a compound wherein the hydrogen of the alcohol functionality of the compound of Formula I or Il is replaced by (C1-C6)alkanoyloxymethyl; and
(iii) compounds of Formula I or Il containing a primary or secondary amino functionality (-NH2 or -NHR where R ≠ H), an amide thereof, for example, a compound wherein, as the case may be, one or both hydrogens of the amino functionality of the compound of Formulas I or Il is/are replaced by (Ci-C10)alkanoyl.
Further examples of replacement groups in accordance with the foregoing examples and examples of other prodrug types may be found in the aforementioned references.
Compounds of Formula I or Il containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms can exist as two or more stereoisomers. Where a compound of Formula I or Il contains an alkenyl or alkenylene group, geometric cisltrans (or Z/E) isomers are possible. Where structural isomers are interconvertible via a low energy barrier, tautomeric isomerism ('tautomerism') can occur. This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of Formula I or Il containing, for example, an imino, keto, or oxime group, or so-called valence tautomerism in compounds that contain an aromatic moiety. It follows that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism.
Included within the scope of the present invention are all stereoisomers, geometric isomers and tautomeric forms of the compounds of Formula I or II, including compounds exhibiting more than one type of isomerism, and mixtures of one or more thereof. Also included are acid addition or base salts wherein the counterion is optically active, for example, d-lactate or /-lysine, or racemic, for example, cf/-tartrate or cfλ-arginine.
Cisltrans isomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization.
Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, the racemate (or a racemic precursor) may be reacted with a suitable optically active compound, for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of Formula I or Il contains an acidic or basic moiety, a base or acid such as 1-phenylethylamine or tartaric acid. The resulting diastereomeric mixture may be separated by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization and one or both of the diastereoisomers converted to the corresponding pure enantiomer(s) by means well known to a skilled person.
Chiral compounds of the invention (and chiral precursors thereof) may be obtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography, typically HPLC, on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine. Concentration of the eluate affords the enriched mixture.
When any racemate crystallizes, crystals of two different types are possible. The first type is the racemic compound (true racemate) referred to above wherein one homogeneous form of crystal is produced containing both enantiomers in equimolar amounts. The second type is the racemic mixture or conglomerate wherein two forms of crystal are produced in equimolar amounts each comprising a single enantiomer.
While both of the crystal forms present in a racemic mixture have identical physical properties, they may have different physical properties compared to the true racemate. Racemic mixtures may be separated by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds; E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen
(Wiley, 1994).
The present invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula I or Il wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature.
Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H and 3H, carbon, such as 11C, 13C and
14C, chlorine, such as 36CI, fluorine, such as 18F, iodine, such as 123I and 125I, nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N, oxygen, such as 15O1 17O and 18O, phosphorus, such as 32P, and sulfur, such as
35S.
Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of Formula I or II, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
Isotopically-labeled compounds of Formula I or Il can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate isotopically- labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the invention include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D2O, d6-acetone, d6- DMSO.
Specific embodiments of the present invention include the compounds exemplified in the Examples below and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, complexes, solvates, polymorphs, stereoisomers, metabolites, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof,
This invention also pertains to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or condition.
This invention also pertains to a method of treating a disorder selected from
Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, diabetes, Syndrome X, obesity, hair loss, inflammation, mood disorders, neuronal cell death, stroke, bipolar disorder, conditions arising from loss of muscle mass and function, decreased sperm motility and cardio-protection, which method comprises administering an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder.
This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder or mood episode in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or episode.
This invention also provides a method of treating a mood disorder or mood episode in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in inhibiting PDE10.
Examples of mood disorders and mood episodes that can be treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, major depressive episode of the mild, moderate or severe type, a manic or mixed mood episode, a hypomanic mood episode; a depressive episode with atypical features; a depressive episode with melancholic features; a depressive episode with catatonic features; a mood episode with postpartum onset; post- stroke depression; major depressive disorder; dysthymic disorder; minor depressive disorder; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; post-psychotic depressive disorder of schizophrenia; a major depressive disorder superimposed on a psychotic disorder such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia; a bipolar disorder, for example bipolar I disorder, bipolar Il disorder, and cyclothymic disorder.
This invention further provides a method of treating a neurodegenerative disorder or condition in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in treating said disorder or condition. This invention further provides a method of treating a neurodegenerative disorder or condition in a mammal, including a human, which method comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I or Il effective in inhibiting PDE10.
As used herein, and unless otherwise indicated, a "neurodegenerative disorder or condition" refers to a disorder or condition that is caused by the dysfunction and/or death of neurons in the central nervous system. Treatment of these disorders and conditions can be facilitated by administration of an agent which prevents the dysfunction or death of neurons at risk in these disorders or conditions and/or enhances the function of damaged or healthy neurons in such a way as to compensate for the loss of function caused by the dysfunction or death of at-risk neurons. The term "neurotrophic agent" as used herein refers to a substance or agent that has some or all of these properties.
Examples of neurodegenerative disorders and conditions that can be treated according to the present invention include Parkinson's disease; Huntington's disease; dementia, for example Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, AIDS-related dementia, and Fronto temperal Dementia; neurodegeneration associated with cerebral trauma; neurodegeneration associated with stroke, neurodegeneration associated with cerebral infarct; hypoglycemia-induced neurodegeneration; neurodegeneration associated with epileptic seizure; neurodegeneration associated with neurotoxin poisoning; and multi-system atrophy. In one embodiment of the present invention, the neurodegenerative disorder or condition comprises neurodegeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons in a mammal, including a human.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the neurodegenerative disorder or condition is Huntington's disease. The term "alkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight or branched moieties. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl.
The term "alkenyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon double bond wherein alkyl is as defined above. Examples of alkenyl include ethenyl and propenyl.
The term "alkynyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes alkyl moieties having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond wherein alkyl is as defined above. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl and 2-propynyl.
The term "alkoxy", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, as employed herein alone or as part of another group refers to an alkyl, groups linked to an oxygen atom. The term "alkylthio" as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl groups linked through a sulfur atom.
The term "halogen" or "halo" as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or iodine.
The term "haloalkyl" as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, refers to at least one halogen atom linked to an alkyl group. Examples of haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, and fluoromethyl groups.
The term "cycloalkyl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes non- aromatic saturated cyclic alkyl moieties wherein alkyl is as defined above. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
The term "aryl", as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom, such as phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, and fluorenyl. "Aryl" encompasses fused ring groups wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
The terms "heterocyclic", "heterocycloalkyl", and like terms, as used herein, refer to non-aromatic cyclic groups containing one or more heteroatoms, preferably from one to four heteroatoms, each preferably selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. The heterocyclic groups of this invention can also include ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepinyl, piperazinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyi, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3- dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyI, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, quinolizinyl, quinuclidinyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonyl, 1 ,4- dioxaspiro[4.3]octyl, and 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.2]heptyl.
The term "heteroaryl", as used herein, refers to aromatic groups containing one or more heteroatoms (preferably oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen), preferably from one to four heteroatoms. A multicyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms wherein at least one ring of the group is aromatic is a "heteroaryl" group. The heteroaryl groups of this invention can also include ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, dihydroquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, dihydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, benzofuryl, furopyridinyl, pyrolopyrimidinyl, and azaindolyl.
Unless otherwise indicated, all the foregoing groups derived from hydrocarbons may have up to about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C2O alky!, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, 3-20 membered heterocycloalkyl; C6-C2o aryl, 5-20 membered heteroaryl, etc.) or 1 to about 15 carbon atoms (e.g., CrC15 alkyl, C2-Ci5 alkenyl, C3-C15 cycloalkyl, 3-15 membered heterocycloalkyl, C6-C15 aryl, 5-15 membered heteroaryl, etc.), or 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
Generally preferred GSK-3 inhibitors of the instant invention have Ki values of less than, or about, 10 μM, more preferably less than or about 0.1 μM.
The term "treating", as in "a method of treating a disorder", refers to reversing, alleviating, or inhibiting the progress of the disorder to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of the disorder. As used herein, the term also encompasses, depending on the condition of the patient, preventing the disorder, including preventing onset of the disorder or of any symptoms associated therewith, as well as reducing the severity of the disorder or any of its symptoms prior to onset. "Treating" as used herein refers also to preventing a recurrence of a disorder.
The term "mammal", as used herein, refers to any member of the class "Mammalia", including humans, dogs, and cats. The compound of the invention may be administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, in either single or multiple doses. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents. The pharmaceutical compositions formed thereby can then be readily administered in a variety of dosage forms such as tablets, powders, lozenges, liquid preparations, syrups, injectable solutions and the like. These pharmaceutical compositions can optionally contain additional ingredients such as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like. Thus, the compound of the invention may be formulated for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), transdermal (e.g., patch) or rectal administration, or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation. For oral administration, the pharmaceutical compositions may take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate). The tablets may be coated by known methods. Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl p- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
For buccal administration, the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
The compounds of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion. Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. They may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
When a product solution is required, it can be made by dissolving the isolated inclusion complex in water (or other aqueous medium) in an amount sufficient to generate a solution of the required strength for oral or parenteral administration to patients. The compounds may be formulated for fast dispersing dosage forms, which are designed to release the active ingredient in the oral cavity. These have often been formulated using rapidly soluble gelatin-based matrices. These dosage forms are well known and can be used to deliver a wide range of drugs. Most fast dispersing dosage forms utilize gelatin as a carrier or structure-forming agent. Typically, gelatin is used to give sufficient strength to the dosage form to prevent breakage during removal from packaging, but once placed in the mouth, the gelatin allows immediate dissolution of the dosage form. Alternatively, various starches are used to the same effect.
The compounds of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
For intranasal administration or administration by inhalation, the compound of the invention is conveniently delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. The pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a solution or suspension of the active compound. Capsules and cartridges (made e.g., from gelatin) for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound of the invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above (e.g. migraine) in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose of aerosol contains about 20 mg to about 1 ,000 mg of the compound of the invention. The overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range of about 100 mg to about 10 mg. Administration may be several times daily, e.g. 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time. A proposed daily dose of the compound of the invention for oral, parenteral, rectal, or buccal administration to the average adult human may be from about 0.01 mg to about 2,000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of Formula I or Il per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
A proposed daily dose of the compound of the invention for oral, parenteral, rectal or buccal administration to the average adult human may be from about 0.01 mg to about 2,000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of Formula I or H per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
Assay protocol for GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase) whole cell activity in an inducible cell line Human recombinant GSK-3β and human recombinant Tau were expressed in a CHO
Tet-Off cell line. GSK-3β activity was measured using an immunoassay that detects specific phosphorylation of tau at serine 202 and threonine 205 using cellular lysates of the induced cell line. Cells were grown in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% tetracycline approved FBS (BD Biosciences Clontech) and 400 pg/ml doxycycline (Sigma). Expression of tau and GSK-3β was induced by growth in medium without doxycycline for 72 hours. The cells were incubated with test agent for 90 minutes and then the medium was removed and the cells lysed with a buffer containing 25OmM NaCI, 5OmM Tris pH 7.5, 5mM EDTA, 0.1% NP40, 5mM DTT, 1mM sodium orthovanadate, 1uM okadaic acid, and 1X Protease Inhibitor (Roche - Complete tablet). Cell lysates were used in a sandwich immunoassay containing 16ng/well of biotinylated antibody HT7 (Pierce), 20 ng/well of ruthenylated antibody AT8, 10 ug/well of streptavidin magnetic beads M-280 (Bioveris) in a buffer containing 0.5% BSA (Roche), 0.5% Tween 20 (Sigma) in PBS (Sigma). Readout of assay signal was performed on an M-8 Analyzer (Bioveris) after overnight incubation at 40C with shaking. Assay protocol for GSK-3B (glycogen synthase kinase) in a cell free enzyme assay
Recombinant human GSK3β was expressed in SF9/Baculo virus cells. His-tag protein was purified by affinity chromatography to a Ni-NTA Superflow column. Enzyme activity was assayed as the incorporation of [33P] from the gamma phosphate of [33P]ATP (PerkinEImer) into biotinylated peptide substrate bio-LC-S-R-H-S-S-P-H-Q-pS-E-D-E-E-E-OH (Anaspec). Reactions were carried out in a buffer containing 8 mM MOPS (pH 7.0), 10 mM Magnesium Acetate, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1mM DTT and 2 uM cold ATP. The 33P-ATP was added for 0.025uCi/well (120 uL) and the final concentration of substrate was 1.0 uM. Enzyme was preincubated with test agent for 30 minutes at room temperature followed by initiation of the reaction by the addition of substrate mix. Incubations were carried out at RT for 60 min. Reactions were stopped by addition of 0.66 volume of buffer containing: 12.5mM EDTA, 0.25%Triton-X 100, 125uM ATP, and 6.2 mg/ml streptavidin coated SPA beads (Amersham) in PBS without Ca or Mg. Radioactivity associated with the beads was quantified by scintillation counting of CPM in a Trilux counter (PerkinEImer).
The Schemes below depict various methods of preparing the compounds of the present invention. It should be noted that various substitutents illustrated in the schemes (e.g, P, Cap, X1, etc.) are for illustrated purposes only and may be independent of those recited above and in the claims.
The following reaction Schemes are intended to provide an exemplary description of the methodologies employed in the preparation of the Examples. However, it is noted that the compounds prepared according to these Schemes may be modified further to provide new Examples within the scope of this invention. For example, an ester functionality may be reacted further using procedures well known to those skilled in the art to give another ester, an amide, carbinol, or ketone.
Figure imgf000017_0001
Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Formula 4
Figure imgf000017_0002
Formula 5 Formula 6 Formula 7
Figure imgf000017_0003
Formula 8 Formula 9
Scheme 1
According to Scheme 1 , intermediate compounds in Scheme 1 , wherein A is a carbon or nitrogen, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as described above may be prepared from compounds of Formula 1 and Formula 4, which may be commercially available, or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as oxidation with selenium dioxide in a solvent such as pyridine.
As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 3 may be prepared by esterification of compounds of Formula 2 with an acid, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, in a solvent such as methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), or isopropanol. The preferred solvent is ethanol, with sulfuric acid as the acid, at a temperature between O0C and 670C, preferably 2O0C to 670C.
As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 4 may be prepared by condensation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) using a base such as sodium hydride, potassium terf-butoxide or metallated hexamethyldisilazine in a polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), or EtOAc. The preferred base is potassium terf-butoxide, and the preferred solvent is EtOAc/THF at a temperature between O0C and 670C, preferably 20°C to
670C. Alternatively, compounds of Formula 4 may be prepared by treating compounds of
Formula 2 with N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) in a solvent such as THF to form a reactive intermediate, which can be alkylated with the magnesium salt of ethyl malonate, then heated to afford the decarboxylated product.
As shown in Scheme 1, compounds of Formula 5 may be prepared by condensation of 1-methyl-2-thiourea in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, potassium tert- butoxide or DBU in a solvent such as MeOH, or EtOH. The preferred solvent is ethanol with
DBU as the preferred base at a temperature between O0C and 8O0C, preferably 6O0C to 8O0C. As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 6 may be prepared by chlorination of compounds of Formula 5 using a chlorinating agent such as phosphorous oxychloride or phosphorous pentachloride in a solvent such as DMF or DCE. The preferred solvent is DMF with phosphorous oxychloride as the preferred chlorinating agent at a temperature between
O0C and 11O0C, preferably 4O0C to 800C.
As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 7 may be prepared by nucleophilic amine displacement with an amine of Formula 6 or Formula 9 in the presence of a base such as triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), or DBU in a solvent such as DMF,
DMSO or NMP. The preferred solvent is DMF, with DBU as the preferred base, at a temperature between O0C and 11O0C, preferably 4O0C to 8O0C.
As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 8 may be prepared by displacement of methyl iodide with a compound of Formula 5 in the presence of a base such sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium-terf-butoxide or DBU in a solvent such as THF, water,
MeOH, or acetonitrile. The preferred solvent is a mixture of water and THF with sodium hydroxide as the preferred base at a temperature between O0C and 8O0C, preferably O0C to
4O0C.
As shown in Scheme 1 , compounds of Formula 9 may be prepared by oxidation of the sulfide in the presence of mCPBA or hydrogen peroxide, in a solvent such as THF or dichloromethane. The preferred solvent is dichloromethane with mCPBA at a temperature between O0C and 800C, preferably O0C to 4O0C.
Figure imgf000019_0001
Formula 10 Formula 11 Formula 12
Figure imgf000019_0002
Formula 13 Formula 14 Formula 15
Figure imgf000019_0003
Formula 16 Formula 17 Formula 18
O where CAP is X / -Rg -SO2NR3R9
Figure imgf000019_0004
Scheme 2
The compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 refer to compounds of Formula 7, as prepared in Scheme 1, where the -NR1R2 group of Formula 7 contains an amine group which is protected with a protecting group (e.g., compounds of Formula 10, 11 and 12 where P represents a protecting group such as Boc, Fmoc or CBZ). According to Scheme 2, compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 can be deprotected and then capped to give compounds of Formula 16, 17 or 18. The use of protection/deprotection methods is known to those skilled in the art. See T.W. Greene; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.
According to Scheme 2, deprotection of compounds of Formulae 10, 11, and 12 is carried out by known methods to afford compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15. The preferred protecting group is BOG, which can be removed by known methods, preferably trifluoroacetic acid in DCE at a temperature of -780C and 670C preferably 0 to 50°.
According to Scheme 2, desired compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein CAP refers to an amide group with side chain R9, may be prepared by acylation of compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15 with acid chlorides in the presence of an amine base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile. The preferred solvent is DMSO with TEA as the preferred base at a temperature between 2O0C and 12O0C preferably between 2O0C and 6O0C.
Alternatively, compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP group is an amide group R9 as a side chain, may be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 with the carboxylic acid using a suitable coupling reagent such as DCC, or HATU and a base such as TEA, DIPEA, potassium carbonate, or sodium carbonate. The preferred base is DlPEA in a suitable inert solvent such as DMF, THF, methylene chloride, or dioxane. The preferred coupling agent is HATU. The preferred solvent is DMF at a temperature between -4O0C and 4O0C, preferably 20 to 4O0C. According to reaction Scheme 2, desired compounds of Formulae 16, 17, and 18, wherein CAP group is a carbamate with R9 as a side chain, may be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula 13, 14 and 15 with the chloroformate in the presence of an amine base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile. The preferred solvent is DCE, with TEA as the preferred amine base, at a temperature between O0C and 12O0C preferably between O0C and 3O0C.
According to reaction Scheme 2, desired compounds of Formula 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP is a sulfonamide group with side chain NR8R9, may be prepared from compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 with the sulfonychloride in the presence of a base such as TEA, DIPEA, or pyridine in a solvent such as DMSO, DMF, THF, DCE, or acetonitrile. The preferred solvent is DCE, with TEA as the preferred amine base, at a temperature between O0C and 12O0C preferably between O0C and 3O0C.
According to Scheme 2, compounds of Formulae 16, 17, and 18, wherein the CAP is described as R9, may be prepared by reductive amination of compounds of Formulae 13, 14 and 15 by treatment with an aldehyde or ketone, in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, or sodium cyanoborohydride, and optional additives such as acetic acid or sodium acetate. The preferred reducing agent is sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as EtOH, THF, methylene chloride, dioxan, or toluene. The preferred solvent is EtOH at a temperature of -780C and 670C, preferably 0 to 5O0C.
Preparation 1 : 2-Chloro-3-methyl-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one
Figure imgf000021_0001
Step A: Z-Mercapto-S-methyl-e-pyridin^-yl-SH-pyrimidin^-one: A mixture of ethyl isonicotinoylacetate (Acros) (40.6 g, 210 mmol), 1-methyl-2-thiourea (56.8 g, 630 mmol), DBU (31.4 ml, 31.9 g, 210 mmol) and EtOH (400 ml) was heated at reflux for 4 hr. After cooling in an ice-water bath, a solution of methanesulfonic acid (13.6 ml, 20.2 g, 210 mmol) in water (70 ml) was added slowly and the thick precipitate collected by filtration and washed with water. The solid was air-dried overnight to give the title compound (32.6g). Crystals from the mother liquors were collected, washed and dried as above to give more title compound (1.45g). Total yield = 34.03 g (74%) of off-white solid. 1H-NMR(DMSO): δ ppm 12.88 (s, 1 H), 8.69 - 8.72 (m, 2 H), 7.68 - 7.71 (m, 2 H), 6.37 (s, 1 H), 3.55 (s, 3 H).
Figure imgf000021_0002
Step B: 2-Chloro-3-methyl-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one:
Freshly distilled POCI3 (21.8 ml, 35.8 g, 0.23 mol) was added to DMF (245 ml) with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere and the mixture stirred for 20 min. The product of Preparation 1 , Step A (33.2 g, 0.15 mol), was added portionwise and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 5 min., then heated at 7O0C for 4 hr. After cooling (40C) overnight, the mixture was sealed under nitrogen and EtOAc (865 ml) was added with stirring. After stirring for 30 min., the precipitate was collected, washed with EtOAc and dried. The solid was dissolved in water (550 ml) and the pH adjusted to 10 with 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The precipitate was collected and washed with water. The solid was dried at the pump and then in a vacuum oven over phosphorus pentoxide at 45-5O0C for 4 days to give a crude product (27.4 g). This solid was recrystallized (hot filtration) from EtOAc (final volume approx 170 ml) to give the title compound (21.0 g) as a light-beige solid, m.p. = 147.8 - 1480C. Evaporation of the mother liquor afforded more product (5.60 g). Total yield (26.6 g, 79%). 1H- NMR(DMSO): δ ppm 8.65 - 8.72 (m, 18 H), 7.89 - 7.96 (m, 21 H), 7.25 (s, 1 H), 3.56 (s, 3 H). Preparation 2: 2-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-[4,4l]bipyrimidinyl-6-one
Figure imgf000022_0001
Step A: Preparation of Pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid: To a solution of 4-methyl pyrimidine (Aldrich) (10 g, 0.10 mmol) in pyridine (100 ml) was added SeO2 (17.8 g, 0.16 mmol). The mixture was heated to 55°C for 2 hr., then 850C for 3.5 hr. The reaction was allowed to cool to RT and stirred for 36 hr. The solids were filtered through diatomaceous earth. The solvent was evaporated and the residue diluted in 100 ml MeOH. The precipitate was collected to give the title compound as a brown solid (9.7 g, 78%). 1H-NMR(DMSO-Qf6): δ ppm 13.4-14.0(broad, 1 H), 9.34 (s, 1 H), 9.04 (d, J=4.98 Hz, 1 H) and 8.02((d, J=4.98 Hz, 1H). Mass: (M+1) 125 calculated for C5H4N2O2.
Figure imgf000022_0002
Step B: Preparation of Pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester: A solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step A (6.17 g, 49.7 mmol), in MeOH (60 ml) was added to sulfuric acid (0.3 ml) and heated to refluxed for 16 hr. Excess solvent was removed under vacuum to obtain a residue, which was dissolved in 10% MeOH/CHCI3 (100 ml) and adsorbed onto silica gel. The crude material was purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting with CHCl3 then 10% MeOH/CHCI3 to obtain the title compound as a yellow solid (5.8 g, 85%). 1H-NMR(DMSO): δ 9.4(s, 1 H), 9.0(d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 8.0(d, J=4.9 Hz, 1 H) and 4.0(s,
3H). Mass: (M+H) 140 calculated for C6H7N2O2.
Figure imgf000022_0003
Step C: S-Oxo-S-pyrimidin^-yl-propionic acid ethyl ester : To a solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step B (5.8 g, 42 mmol), in EtOAc (180 ml) was added 1M potassium ferf-butoxide in THF (85 ml, 85 mmol) in four portions, with mechanical stirring. The reaction was refluxed for 40 hr. Water (200 ml) was added and layers separated. The aqueous was washed with EtOAc (2 X 100 ml). The aqueous was acidified with cone. HCI to pH 2-3 then extracted with CHCI3 (3 X 100 ml). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the title compound as an orange solid (7.07g 86%). (Mixture of keto and enol form) Keto: 1H-NMR(CDCI3) δ ppm 12.22 (s, 1 H), 9.23(s, 1H), 8.89 (d, J=4.Q8 Hz, 1 H), 7.83 - 7.85 (m, 1 H), 7.26(s, 1H), 6.46(s, 1H), 4.30 (q, J=7.05 Hz, 2 H), 1.34 (t, J=7.26 Hz, 3 H).
Figure imgf000023_0001
Step D: 2-Mercapto-1-methyl-1H-r4,4'lbipyrimidinyl-6-one : To a solution of the product of Preparation 2, Step C (8 g, 41.2371 mmol), in EtOH (70 ml) were added N-methyl thiourea (7.43 g, 82.47 mmol) and DBU (6.27 g, 41.29 mmol) at RT. The mixture was heated to 7O0C and stirred for 4 hr. The mixture was concentrated and the crude residue purified by column chromatography over 60-120 mesh silica gel column using 40% EtOAc in DCM as eluting solvent to give the title compound as yellow crystalline solid (6 g, 66%). 1H-NMR (DMSO): δ ppm10.5-10.8(broad, 1H), 9.4(s, 1 H), 9.0(d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.8(d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 6.6(s, 1 H) and 3.75(s, 3H). Mass: (M+H) 221 calculated for C9H8N4OS.
Figure imgf000023_0002
Step E: 2-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-r4.4'lbipyrimidinyl-6-one : To DMF (50 ml) cooled in an ice bath was added POCI3 (11 ml). The mixture was stirred for 30 min., and then the product of Preparation 2, Step C (5 g, 22.7 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was heated in a 5O0C oil bath and stirred for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and poured onto ice water (-200 ml) and stirred until mixture warmed to RT. The solution was neutralized to pH ~ 7 with solid sodium bicarbonate. The formed solid was collected to yield (3.42g) of brown solid. The crude residue was redissolved in EtOAc and washed with 1N NaOH (2x100ml) then brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the title compound as a tan solid (1.44g). The neutralized aqueous was extracted with EtOAc (3X). The organics were washed with 1 N NaOH (100 ml) then brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the title compound as a tan solid (0.933 g). Total yield was 2.37 g, 47%. 1H-NMR(DMSO): δ ppm 9.32(s, 1 H), 9.01 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.14 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (s, 1 H) and 3.57 (s, 3H). Preparation 3: 3-Wlethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one
Figure imgf000024_0001
Step A: 3-Methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one: To a suspension of the product of Preparation 2, Step D (250 mg, 1.1 mmol), in THF (3 ml) was added MeI (0.08 ml, 1.2 mmol) then 1N NaOH (1.4 ml, 1.4 mmol). The suspension was stirred for 30 min. The mixture was diluted with water then extracted with CHCI3 (3X). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the title compound as a yellow crystalline solid (277 mg, 100%). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): δ ppm 9.30
(s, 1 H), 9.02 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.31 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 3.45 (s, 3 H), 2.70 (s, 3 H).
Figure imgf000024_0002
Step B: 3-Methyl-2-(tnethylsulfonyl)-6-pyridin-4-yl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 3, Step A (550 mg, 2.3 mmol), in THF (55 ml) was added mCPBA (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol) and stirred for 16 hr. The solvent was removed and the residue redissolved in CHCI3 and adsorbed onto silica gel. The residue was purified by column chromatography over 60-120 mesh silica gel column eluting with 50% EtOAc in hexane to give a white solid (625 mg, 54%). 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6): δ ppm 9.35 (s, 1 H), 9.06 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.31 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.09 (s, 1 H), 3.76 (s, 3 H), 3.71 (s, 3 H). Preparation 4: 2-Chloro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one
Figure imgf000024_0003
Step A: Ethyl 3-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-oxopropanoate: To a suspension of 3- fluoroisonicotinic acid (3 g, 21.3 mmol) in THF (50 ml) was added CDI (3.6 g, 22.4 mmol).
The mixture was heated at 5O0C for about 16 to 18 hr. In a separate flask, potassium ethyl malonate (4.7g, 27.7 mmol) and magnesium chloride (3.2 g, 33.2 mmol) was suspended in THF and stirred at 350C for 1 hr. To this mixture was added the anhydride mixture from the previous step. The combined mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hr. and then at 5O0C for 16-18 hr. The mixture was cooled to RT and acidified with aq. HCI (1 N) to pH ~5. After addition of water (5 ml), the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was further extracted with EtOAc (3 X 30 ml) and the combined organic layer was dried (sodium sulfate), and evaporated to a crude oil. Addition of MeOH precipitated the title product as a white solid, 3.9 g (86.4%): 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6) δ 8.52 (d, 1H), 8.41 (q, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 4.00 (q, 2H), 3.32 (s, 2H), 1.16 (t, 3H); LCMS 212.2 (M+H).
Figure imgf000025_0001
Step B: 6-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-yl)-2-mercapto-3-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a suspension of the product of Preparation 4, Step A (3.9 g, 18.4 mmol), in toluene (40 ml) was added N-methylthiourea (5.6 g, 62.6 mmol) and DBU (3.0 ml, 20.3 mmol) and the mixture heated at 100°C for 48 hr. 30 ml of EtOH was added and the reaction heated at 1000C for -18 hr. The reaction was cooled to RT and water (18 ml) and methanesulfonic acid (2 ml) was added and stirred for 1 hr. The aqueous layer was concentrated to a small volume and the formed precipitate was collected to provide 2.4 g (55%) of yellow solid. 1H-NMR (MeOH-d4) δ 8.65 (d, 1H), 8.55(d, 1 H), 7.63 (q, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 1 H), 3.69 (s, 3H); LCMS 238.2 (M+H).
Figure imgf000025_0002
Step C: Preparation of 2-Chloro-6-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methylpyrimidin-
4(3H)-one: Phosphorous oxychloride (0.41 ml, 4.43 mmol) was added to DMF (5 ml) and stirred at RT for 30 min. To this mixture was added the product of Preparation 4, Step B (700mg, 2.95 mmol), portionwise and the mixture was heated at 620C for 2 hr. After cooling and concentration, water was added slowly. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (5 X 30 ml), dried (sodium sulfate), and concentrated to give the title product (365 mg, 52%) as yellow solid. 1H-NMR(CDCI3) δ 8.68 (d, 1H), 8.57(q, 1H), 7.99 (q, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H); LCMS 240.3 (M+H). General Procedure for Examples 1-35
Figure imgf000026_0001
Preparation 1 Examples 1-35
To the amine (80 μmol) was added a solution of the product of Preparation 1 (15.5 mg, 70 μmol) and TEA (16 mg, 160 μmol) in DMF (400 μl). The mixture was sealed and heated to 800C for 12 hr. with shaking. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (2 ml) and water (2 ml), then shaken. The organic layer was transferred to tarred vials and aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (2 ml). The organic layer was transferred to tarred vials. The organics were evaporated and vials weighed for crude mass. The residues were dissolved in DMSO (930 μl) and heated to 6OC for 1hr. Products were purified by Prep HPLC.
EXAMPLES
The following Examples 1 to 35 were prepared according to the General Procedure described above.
Figure imgf000026_0002
Figure imgf000027_0001
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000030_0001
Figure imgf000031_0001
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
Example 36: fert-butyl (2S)-2-frEthyl(1-methyl-6-oxo-4-pyrimidin-4-yl-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin-2-yl)amino1methyl>pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate: To a solution of the product of Preparation 2 (67 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added (S)-fe/t-butyl-2- ((ethylamino)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (82 mg, 0.36 mmol), then TEA (0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol). The reaction was heated to 8O0C for 16 hr. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water and the organic layer was separated and adsorbed onto silica gel. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography over 60-120 mesh silica gel eluting with a gradient of 50-100% EtOAc in nexanes to give the title compound as a yellow semisolid (104 mg, 83%). 1H-NMR(CDCI3): δ ppm 9.22(s, 1H) 8.90 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.51 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.18(S, 1H), 4.19(m, 1H), 3.68(m, 1H), 3.47-3.29(m, 5H), 2.00-1.70(m, 4H), 1.42(s, 9H), 1.25(t, J=7 Hz, 3H), CaIc MW: 414.5, Found: 415.4 (MH+).
Figure imgf000035_0002
Example 37: 2-r(4S,4aS,8aR)-4-Hvdroxy-4-phenyloctahvdroquinolin-1(2H)-yll-3-methyl- 6-pyrimidin-4-ylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 2 (67 mg, 0.30 mmols) in DMF (1.5 ml) was added (4S,4aS,8aR)-4-phenyl-decahydroquinolin-4-ol (8 2mg, 0.36 mmol), then TEA ( 0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol). The reaction was heated to 800C for 16 hr. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water and the organic was separated and adsorbed onto silica gel. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography over 60- 120 mesh silica gel eluting with a gradient of 50-100% EtOAc in hexanes to give the title compound as a yellow semi-solid (47 mg, 37%). 1H-NMR(CDCi3): δ ppm 9.32(s, 1H), 9.05 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.2 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.32 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.95(s, 1H), 3.49(m, 1H), 3.29(s, 3H), 3.22-3.06(m, 2H), 2.26(m, 1H), 2.05(m, 1 H), 1.88(m, 1 H)1 1.66-1.49(m, 3H), 1.29-0.97(m, 5H). CaIc MW: 417.5, Found: 418.5 (MH+).
Figure imgf000036_0001
Example 38: fert-butyl (1R,5S,6s)-6-r(1-Methyl-6-oxo-4- pyrimidin -4-yl-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin-Σ-vOaminol-S-azabicvclors.i.Oihexane-S-carboxylate: To a solution of the product of Preparation 3 (20 mg, 0.07mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) was added (1 R,5S,6s)-terf- butyl δ-amino-S-aza-bicycIofS.I.Olhexane-S-carboxylate (20 mg, 0.10 mmol), followed by the addition of TEA (0.1 ml, 0.7 mmol). The reaction was heated to 800C for 16 hr., cooled and diluted with DMSO (0.5 ml). The crude mixture was purified on prep. HPLC eluting with mixture of acetonitrile and water, with 0.01% ammonium hydroxide modifier, to give the title compound as a yellow semi-solid (19.9 mg, 68%). 1H-NMR(CDCI3): δ ppm 9.22(s, 1H), 8.93 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.34 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 6.99(s, 1H), 3.75(m, 2H), 3.63(m, 1 H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.40(s, 3H), 2.55(m, 1H), 1.97(m, 1H), 1.89(m, 1H), 1.48(s, 1H). CaIc MW: 384.4, Found 385.4 (MH+).
Figure imgf000036_0002
Example 39: ferf-butyl 4-r(1-Methyl-6-oxo-4-pyrimidin-4-yl-1,6-dihvdropyrimidin-2- yhaminolazepane-i-carboxylate: To a solution of product of Preparation 3 (80 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DMF (1.0ml) was added ferf-butyl 4-aminoazepane-1-carboxylate (75 mg, 0.35 mmol), followed by the addition of TEA ( 0.15 ml, 1.1 mmol). The reaction was then heated to 80°C for 16 hr., and cooled to RT. The reaction was diluted with DMSO (1.5 ml) and purified on prep. HPLC eluting with mixture of acetonitrile and water, with 0.01% ammonium hydroxide modifier, to give a yellow semi-solid (23.2 mg, 19%). 1H-NMR(CDCI3): δ ppm 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.91 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.32 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 8.27 (d, J=5 Hz, 1 H), 6.94(s, 1H), 4.27(m, 1H), 3.68-3.36(m, 7H)1 2.23(m, 1H), 2.09(m, 1H), 1.99-1.64(m, 4H), 1.49 (d, J=5 Hz1 9 H). CaIc MW: 400.4, Found: 401.4 (MH+).
Figure imgf000037_0001
Example 40: 2-(6-Amino 3-aza-bicvclor3.1.01hexane-3-tert-butyl carboxylate)-6-(3- fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To a solution of the product of Preparation 4, Step C (50 mg, 0.21 mmol), TEA (58 mg, 0.42 mol), and (1 R,5S,6s)-terf-butyl δ-amino-S-aza-bicycloβ.i .Olhexane-S-carboxylate (50 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) was heated in a microwave (Biotage) at 150 0C for 5 min. Addition of water (5 ml) resulted in a precipitate, which was extracted with EtOAc (2 X 5 ml). The crude residue was purified with prep. TLC using 100% EtOAc as mobile phase to give a white solid (31 mg, 37%). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD): δ ppm 8.57(d, 1 H), 8.51 (d, 1 H), 8.16 (q, 1 H), 6.52 (s, 1 H), 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.5 (t, H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9 H). CaIc. MW: 401.4, Found: 402.5 (MH+).
Figure imgf000037_0002
Example 41: 2-(1-Acetylazepan-4-ylamino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin-4-v0pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 8 (80 μmol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml). The reaction was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated to give a crude residue, which was dissolved in DMF (500 μl). TEA (160 μmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added followed by 1- hydroxybenzotrazole/dimethylsulfoxide-N-methylpyrrolidinone (HBTU) (80 μmol) in DMF (0.2 ml). To this was added acetic acid (80 μmol) in DMF (0.1 ml). The reaction was shaken at room temperature for 16 hr. The crude mixture was evaporated, dissolved in DMSO, and purified by prep. HPLC to give the title compound (1.9 mg). CaIc. MW: 341.2, Found: 342 (MH+), Retention time 1.37 min. General Procedure for Examples 42 to 60 Examples 42 to 60 were prepared using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 41 , substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate acid. The assay protocol used is the percent inhibition at 1 μM for GSK- 3β in the cell free enzyme assay described above.
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0002
Figure imgf000042_0001
Example 61: (R)-2-(((1-Benzoylpyrrolidin-2-yl)metrιyl)(ethyl)amino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin- 4-yl)pyrimidiπ-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 4 (80 μmol) was added TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in DMF (500 μl). TEA (160 μmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added followed by benzoylchloride (80 μmol) in DMF (0.2 ml). The reaction was shaken at RT for 16 hr. The crude mixture was evaporated, then dissolved in DMSO and purified by prep. HPLC to give the title compound (4.0 mg). CaIc. MW: 417.5, Found: 418 (MH+), Retention time: 1.89 min. General Procedure for Examples 62 to 155 Examples 62 to 155 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 61, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate acid chloride.
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000062_0001
Figure imgf000063_0001
Example 156: (R)-2-(Ethyl((1-(methylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methvπamino)-3-methyl-6- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 32 (80 μmol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a residue, which was dissolved in DCE (500 μl). TEA (160 μmol) in DCE (0.2 ml) was added followed by methanesulfonylchloride (80 μmol) in DCE (0.2 ml). The reaction was shaken at RT for 16 hr. The mixture evaporated, then dissolved in DMSO and purified by prep. HPLC to give the title compound (8.9 mg). CaIc. MW: 391.5, Found: 392 (MH+), Retention time: 2.41 min. General Procedure for Examples 157 to 199
Examples 157 to 199 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 156 substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate sulfonyl chloride.
Figure imgf000063_0002
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Example 200: (R)-2-(Ehyl((1-(methylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-3-methyl-6- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 8 (80 μmol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a crude residue, which was dissolved in DCE (500 ml). TEA (160 μmol) in DCE (0.2 ml) was added followed by methylchloroformate (80 μmol) in DCE (0.2 ml). The reaction was shaken at RT for 16 hr. The crude mixture was evaporated, then dissolved in DMSO and purified by prep. HPLC to give the title compound (3.9 mg). CaIc. MW: 357.4, Found: 358 (MH+), Retention time: 1.7min.
General Procedure for Examples 201 to 221
Examples 201 to 221 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 200, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate chloroformate.
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001
Examples 222 to 234 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 200, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate chloroform ate.
Figure imgf000079_0001
Figure imgf000080_0001
Figure imgf000081_0001
Figure imgf000082_0002
Figure imgf000082_0001
Example 235: (R)-2-(Ethyl((1 -methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methv0amino)-3-methyl-6-(pyridin-4- yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 4 (80 μmol) was added a soln. of TFA (2 ml) in DCE (2 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 4 hr. The solvent was removed to give a residue, which was dissolved in MeOH (0.5 ml). TEA (160 μmol) in MeOH (0.2 ml) was added, followed by formaldehyde (80 μmol) in MeOH (0.2 ml). Sodium cyanoborohydride (100 umol) was added, dissolved in MeOH (0.5 ml). The reaction was shaken at RT for 16 hr. The mixture was evaporated, dissolved in DMSO, and purified by prep. HPLC to give the title compound (5.0 mg). CaIc. MW: 327.4, Found: 328 (MH+), Retention time: 2.13 min.
General Procedure for Examples 236 to 262
Examples 236 to 262 may be prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Example 235, substituting the appropriate starting material (Examples 1 to 35) and coupling with the appropriate aldehyde.
Figure imgf000082_0003
Figure imgf000083_0001
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000085_0001
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000088_0002
Example 263: (1S,5R,6s)-fert-butyl 6-((4-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-vn-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6- dihvdropyrimidin-2-yl)(methyl)amino)-3-aza-bicvclor3.1.0lhexane-3-carboxylate: To a solution of (1S,5R,6s)-terf-butyl-6-(4-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-1-methyl-6-oxo-1 ,6- dihydropyrimidin^-ylarninoJ-S-aza-bicyclofS.I .Olhexane-S-carboxylate (1.2 g, 3 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) was added 60% NaH ( 956 mg, 6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min. To the mixture was added a solution of 0.4 ml MeI in 2 ml DMF and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water and the organic layer was separated and dried over magnesium sulfate. The residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with a gradient of 5-100% EtOAc in hexanes to give the title compound as a white solid (864 mg, 72%).
Figure imgf000089_0001
Example 264: 6-(3-Fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3-methyl-2-(methyl((1S.5R.6s)-3-(pyrimidin-2-v0- 3-aza-bicyclor3.1.01hexan-6-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one: To the product of Example 274 was added a solution of TFA (5 ml) in DCM (5 ml) and the mixture was shaken for 1 hr. The solvents were evaporated to give a crude residue (35 mg, 85 μmol), which was dissolved in DMF (1 ml) followed by addition of TEA (90 μl, 510 μmol), then 2-chloropyrimidine (19 mg, 166 μmol). The reaction was carried out at 170°C in Biotage Microwave Reactor for 10 min. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water and the organic layer was separated and dried over magnesium sulfate. The residue was purified by column chromatography using a gradient of 100% EtOAc to 10% MeOH in EtOAc as eluting solvent to give the title compound (5 mg, 11%). 1H-NMR(CDCI3): δ ppm 8.48 (d, 1H), 8.46 (d, 1H), 8.28 (d, 2H), 7.95 (t, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.53 (t, 1H), 3.94 (d, 2H), 3.60 (d, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.68 (t, 1H), 1.88 (m, 1H); LCMS 394.3 (M+H). General Procedure for Examples 265 to 291
Examples 265 to 291 were prepared by using the analogous procedure described to prepare Examples 263 and 264, substituting the appropriate starting material and coupling with the appropriate reagent.
Figure imgf000089_0002
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0001
Figure imgf000096_0001
Figure imgf000097_0001
Figure imgf000098_0001

Claims

1. A compound of Formula I,
Figure imgf000099_0001
or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl group;
R2 is a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl or a C1-C6 alkyl group, wherein said alkyl is substituted by a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, and wherein said heterocycloalkyls and heteroaryls of R2 are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7;
Or -NR1R2 together may form a (8-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, both optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7; wherein R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; wherein R4 is halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C5 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or C1-C6 haloalkoxy; wherein each R7 is independently selected from -OH, halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C3-C8 cycloalkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2-C6 alkynoxy, - C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -NR8R9, -C(=O)N8R9, -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8, -S(O)2NR8R9, - S(O)nR8, -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8, -(C2ero-C6 alkyIene)-C6-C15 aryl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-C6-C15 aryloxy and -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryloxy, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl and heteroaryloxy of R7 are each optionally independently substituted with one or more subsitutents selected from halogens, -C1-C12 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkoxy, -NR8R9, -C(=O)N8R9, -C(O)R8, -C(=O)OR8, -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8, -S(O)2NR8R9, -S(O)nR8 or -OH; each R8 and R9 are independently selected from -H, -C1-Ci5 alkyl, -C2-C15 alkenyl, - C2-C15 alkynyl, -(C261-O-C4 alkyIene)-(C3-Ci5 cycloalkyl), -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(C4-C8 cycloalkenyl), -(C2ero-C4 alkyIene)-((5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl), -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(C6- C15 aryl) and -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-((5-15 membered) heteroaryi), wherein said alkyl, aikenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryi of R8 and R9 are each optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from -OH, -C1-C12 alkyl, -C2-C12 aikenyl, -C2-C12 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2- C6 alkynoxy, -C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -CF3, -NH2, -NH(C1-C6 alkyl), -N(C1-C6 alkyi)2, -C(=O)NH2, -C(=O)NH(CrC6 alkyl), -C(=O)N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -SO2NH2, -SO2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), -SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, -C(=O)H, -C(=O)OH and -C(=O)O(CrC6 alkyl); n is 0, 1 or 2; and m is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5- 10 membered) heteroaryi.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group substituted by a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryi.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein -NR1R2 together form an 8-, 9-, or 10-membered heterocycloalkyl.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein -NR1R2 taken together is selected from: tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, a bridged azabicyclic group, a bridged diazabicyclic group, and a group selected from:
Figure imgf000100_0001
and wherein X1 is NR13 or S, and X2 is O or NR13, wherein R13 is absent, hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl.
7. The compound of claim 5, wherein said 8-, 9-, or 10-membered heterocycloalkyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from -OH, halogen, -(C-ero-C4 alkylene)-C6-
C15 aryl, -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl.or -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl substituted by R7; wherein R7 is -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8 or -S(O)nR8, and R8 is -(C2ero-C6 alkylene)-C6-C15 aryl.
9. A compound of Formula II,
Figure imgf000101_0001
or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C6 alkyl group;
R2 is a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl or a C1-C6 alkyl group, wherein said alkyl is substituted by a -(4-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, and wherein said heterocycloalkyls and heteroaryls of R2 are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7; or -NR1R2 together may form a (8-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl, both optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group R7; wherein R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; wherein R4 is halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy or C1-C6 haloalkoxy; wherein each R7 is independently selected from -OH, halogen, -C1-C6 alkyl, -C2-C6 alkenyl, -C2-C6 alkynyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2-C6 alkynoxy, -C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, -CN, -NO2, -NR8R9, -C(=O)N8R9, -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8, -S(O)2NR8R9, -S(O)nR8, -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8, -(Czero-Cβ alkylene)-C6-C15 aryl, -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl, -(Czero-Cβ aIkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl, -(Czer0-C6 alkyIene)-C6-Ci5 aryloxy and -(Czero-C6 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryloxy, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl and heteroaryloxy of R7 are each optionally independently substituted with one or more subsitutents selected from halogens, -C1-G12 alkyl, -C1-C4 alkoxy, -NR8R9, -C(=O)NR8R9, - -C(=0)R8, -C(=O)OR8, -NR9C(=O)R8, -NR9SO2R8, -S(O)2NR8R9, -S(O)nR8 or -OH; each R8 and R9 are independently selected from -H, -C1-Ci5 alkyl, -C2-C15 alkenyl, - C2-C15 aikynyl, -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(C3-Ci5 cycloalkyl), -(Czer0-C4 alkylene)-(C4-C8 cycloalkenyl), -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-((5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl), -(Czera-C4 alkylene)-(C6- C-is aryl) and -(Czero-C4 alkyIene)-((5-15 membered) heteroaryl), wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl of R8 and R9 are each optionally independently substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from -OH, -C1-Ci2 alkyl, -C2-C12 alkenyl, -C2-C12 alkynyl, -C1-C6 alkoxy, -C2-C6 alkenoxy, -C2- C6 alkynoxy, -C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -CF3, -NH2, -NH(C1-C6 alky!), -N(Ci-C6 alkyl)2, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NH(Ci-C6 alkyl), -C(O)N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, -SO2NH2, -SO2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), -SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, -C(O)H1 -C(O)OH and -C(O)O(C1-C6 alkyl); n is O, 1 or 2; and p O, 1 , 2, or 3.
10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl.
12 The compound of claim 9, wherein R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group substituted by a - (5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl or -(5-10 membered) heteroaryl.
13. The compound of claim 9, wherein -NR1R2 together form an 8-, 9-, or 10- membered heterocycloalkyl.
14. The compound of claim 9, wherein -NR1R2 taken together is selected from: tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, a bridged azabicyclic group, a bridged diazabicyclic group, and a group selected from:
Figure imgf000103_0001
Figure imgf000103_0002
Figure imgf000103_0003
and wherein X1 is NR13 or S, and X2 is O or NR13, wherein R13 is absent, hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl.
15. The compound of claim 13, wherein said 8-, 9-, or 10-membered heterocycloalkyl is substituted by one or more substituents selected from -OH, halogen, - (Czero-C4 alkylene)-C6-C15 aryl, -(Czero-C4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl,or - (Czera-C4 alkylene)-(5-15 membered) heteroaryl.
16. The compound of claim 9, wherein R2 is a -(5-15 membered) heterocycloalkyl substituted by R7; wherein R7 is -C(=O)R8, -C(=O)OR8 or -S(O)nR8, and R8 is -(Czero-C6 aIkylene)-C6-C15 aryl.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount of a compound of claim
1 , or claim 9, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.
18. A method of treating a disorder selected from: Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, diabetes, Syndrome X, obesity, hair loss, inflammation, mood disorders, neuronal cell death, stroke, bipolar disorder, conditions arising from loss of muscle mass and function, frailty, and cardio-protection, which method comprises administering an amount of a compound of claim
1 , or claim 9, effective in treating said disorder.
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