WO2008009755A1 - Capteur solaire thermique intégré et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Capteur solaire thermique intégré et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008009755A1
WO2008009755A1 PCT/ES2006/000424 ES2006000424W WO2008009755A1 WO 2008009755 A1 WO2008009755 A1 WO 2008009755A1 ES 2006000424 W ES2006000424 W ES 2006000424W WO 2008009755 A1 WO2008009755 A1 WO 2008009755A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
integrated
collector
plates
solar
absorber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2006/000424
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Juan Carlos Merino Senovilla
Francisco Javier Maturana Montero
Carlos Alonso Sastre
Alberto Zamarrón Pinilla
Original Assignee
Fundación Cidaut
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fundación Cidaut filed Critical Fundación Cidaut
Priority to PCT/ES2006/000424 priority Critical patent/WO2008009755A1/fr
Publication of WO2008009755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008009755A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/40—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/504—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired non-plane plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat-type solar collector intended to capture the energy radiated by the Sun for subsequent thermal exchange with a heat transfer fluid that runs through the interior of the collector.
  • This fluid can be used, through the operation of an exchanger, to obtain domestic hot water, not discarding its use in other types of exchanges or energy transformations.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve a high performance, low cost and low weight solar collector with an integrated manufacturing process that reduces the number of operations and allows their automation.
  • the assembly or assembly of the product with all its components is done through a complete encapsulation process through plastic injection or compression processes, together with the transparent cover (preferably glass), sealing gasket, a thermal insulating blanket, an iron of insulated foam material and a rear outer skin; in order to shape the entire structure of the panel, the assembly and the functions at the same time.
  • This makes it possible to achieve a product with lower weight, lower cost, more watertight in rainy conditions and allows the removal of the insulating material on the sides of the panel, using the plastic material of the housing itself as thermal insulator in said area.
  • the absorber is formed by two sheets of a material of high thermal conductivity formed so that between them, once joined, the fluid passageways are formed. These plates are tightly joined in a welding process by means of a material with a lower melting point.
  • the absorber is protected with an inner lining of the ducts in order to avoid the deposition of materials contained in the heat transfer fluid and also add additional corrosion protection and thus extend the life of the collector.
  • the collectors, collectors or solar thermal panels of flat type comprise the following elements:
  • This treatment can be from black paint to selective treatments using PVD.
  • the collector carrier box With regard to the design of the collector carrier box, the most widespread configuration is the joining of aluminum profiles or of folded steel sheets by traditional welding or riveting methods. This form of manufacturing is laborious and difficult to automate, which is a major inconvenience in terms of large-scale manufacturing. The flexibility in terms of design of these materials and processes is very limited, so the box can only become a simple frame around the components, without being able to integrate other functions.
  • the product-process design that we present based on plastics transformation allows to greatly increase the capacity of the process, its automation, the capacity of the design by adding functions, the simplification of assembly operations and the reduction of weight among others.
  • Document CH 631256 describes a solar collector in which the absorber is encapsulated by means of a thermal insulated foamed resin and this same material acts as a bottom insulator, in this way the mechanical requirements of the frame area cannot be separated with the insulation requirements Thermal base and design parameters are made with the same material.
  • the plastic material that encapsulates the product forms the frame, the structural functions and the roof integration functions and it is not its mission the thermal insulation of the entire panel base so it is not necessarily a foamed plastic and can be reinforced With fiber of different nature.
  • the insulator or layers of different insulators are obtained previously and then encapsulated with the rest of the components, being introduced as an insert in the injection or compression process.
  • the material is injected in a single stage by placing a side barrier that makes it resist the penetration of plastic material into the absorber, encapsulating glass and the rest of the components.
  • the sealing is done with the mold itself, since the injection is carried out in two steps as a two-component injection, in a first all components except the glass are encapsulated and in another injection in the same station is encapsulated glass with the same or different material, which gives a greater design capacity.
  • the CH 631256A5 patent is based on a corrugated or corrugated sheet without intermediate ducts and only two square profile collectors at the ends for the passage of the fluid.
  • the utility model ES 258248 it is encapsulated with a cellular structure throughout the product and this same material forms, at the same time, the insulator, the structure and the encapsulation of the glass, so that the material that acts as a lower insulator, the one that makes a lateral structure and the one that encapsulates the crystal are the same.
  • the material is foamed in order to achieve flexibility and insulation.
  • the utility model has the same encapsulation concept as patent CH 631256, a completely encapsulated one.
  • the collector that collects the present invention does not completely encapsulate in a single step, but first integrates components and encapsulates only in the frame area, and then encapsulates the edge of the glass, It can be with a different material.
  • the side frame made of non-cellular material, can form a composite with interior insulating and rear protection textiles. This improves the protection of the rear.
  • the insulating foams can be of different material than the structural one of the frame. This gives greater freedom of design and functionality.
  • the first consists of the union, mostly by welding or simple contact, of a flat metal plate with a series of welded copper tubes in the form of a grill.
  • This is the most extended configuration.
  • This system has a series of drawbacks, such as the poor contact between the absorber plate and ducts, which greatly hinders thermal exchange and, therefore, efficiency.
  • This configuration also involves the realization of a large number of welds to form the grid of ducts (generally 8 to 12 parallel tubes attached to two collector tubes at the ends), which makes it a slow and expensive process, Apart from using a lot of material.
  • the absorber element can be achieved by joining two plates, at least one of them corrugated, so that the spaces that remain between the plates serve as a conduit and the upper plate itself is the one that is exposed to irradiation.
  • the joining between the plates can be carried out by welding, as stated in, for example, US 4243020, JP 56110842 or JP 2298760, the latter being limited to the use of stainless steel. This welding, bead or spot, is, however, expensive in time and difficult to apply on thin plates.
  • the document ES 2082710 makes the connection between the plates by means of the interposition of a material of lower melting point, which can minimize some of the aforementioned drawbacks, but it presents others, such as the difficulty in positioning that joining material, the bottom plate, with a profile only reproducible by extrusion and using a considerable amount of material, and the section of the resulting duct, rectangular, which presents little resistance to the pressure projected by the fluid.
  • the solar collector that the present invention collects represents a great advance in terms of simplification and efficiency of the manufacturing process, reduction of the number of components, weight reduction, obtaining a high performance absorber element, and one of the most important aspects of integration of components and fixings either on the roof or in other environments.
  • the manifold housing in its preferred embodiment, encapsulates all the components of the absorber by means of plastic injection or compression processes. It encapsulates during the injection process, therefore, the transparent cover (only in its outline), the glass gasket, the absorber, the different insulators and the protective back layer. This process is carried out in one station but in two steps, producing on the one hand the encapsulation of the glass and on the other hand the rest of the functions.
  • the encapsulation can be done in one material or in two different. Both injections are automatic and simultaneous, which allows a process of high production capacity and great freedom of design, being the two different materials.
  • One of the advantages of this is that the more structural function of the frame and the more aesthetic and sealing function of the glass can be differentiated, which implies a clear difference and improvement over other patents in which a single material is injected.
  • the encapsulation material is always cellular (foamed), since it must simultaneously fulfill the structural and insulating functions.
  • the structure of the box can not only be reduced to a frame, but it can integrate a series of reinforcement ribs distributed over the entire surface of the panel due to the design capacity of the plastic injection processes. Likewise, the process allows to integrate in the molding stage accessories for the assembly and fixation of the roof collector and flaps for the tightness between panels, such as for example roof-shaped geometries between panels that replace lead plates or others that They are being mounted a posteriori today.
  • the insulating part of the collector can be formed by several layers of various materials. Some of them may be of woven material or non-woven fabric that partially penetrates the frame to convert it into a high-performance, low-weight composite.
  • the plastic structure in the frame area can also have a metal profile inserted, forming a plastic-metal hybrid structure that replaces the composite and serves to increase stiffness and dimensional stability.
  • This hybrid structure would be generated in the injection process in a single step by over-injecting the plastic material onto the profiles, preferably aluminum.
  • the absorber is manufactured by a process that allows great freedom in the design of the ducts, ability to achieve high efficiencies, high production capacities and manufacturing economy. It consists of two sheets of metallic material with high thermal conductivity, preferably aluminum. At least one of the plates is properly shaped so that, when joining the two plates, the necessary conduits for the heat transfer fluid path are formed.
  • These ducts can be constituted by a series of parallel channels or with curved geometries to improve efficiency and which lead to collector ducts at both ends. Other configurations, such as a single channel in the form of a coil, are also possible.
  • the section of these channels can be circular or other that facilitates the transmission of heat to the fluid.
  • the plates are subsequently welded by means of a material with a lower melting point that is placed between both plates and by the action of heat they are welded. In this way a resistant and perfectly watertight element is obtained.
  • tubes can be added in the absorber zones provided for fluid inlet and outlet, so that the connections are made to the Once in the same welding process of the plates, it is a fully integrated process to perform the absorber.
  • the face exposed to the irradiation of the upper plate receives a selective treatment that gives it high absorption and low emission by projecting a suitable material, thus avoiding complex deposition processes by selective PVD treatments. It is also possible to use more conventional processes such as spray paint for the application of absorbent treatment.
  • an inner lining can be made in order to avoid the deposition of materials contained in the heat transfer fluid and also add additional protection against corrosion and thus extend the life of the collector.
  • This inner coating adapts to the requirements of sealing, operating temperature, resistance to chemicals, depositions and corrosion.
  • Figure 1 represents a sectioned perspective view of a flat-type solar thermal collector made in accordance with the object of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective detail of two adjoining panels with elements integrated in the edge to prevent the passage of water to the roof deck
  • Figure 3 shows a detailed sectional view of the collector where the structure of the panel is observed in greater detail, with the elements for roof mounting and the fabric embedded in the structural material.
  • Figure 4 shows a sectioned perspective view showing a possible embodiment of the box or frame by means of a plastic-metal hybrid structure.
  • Figure 5 shows a sectioned detail view of the collector where the absorber element is observed in greater detail.
  • Figure 6 represents, by way of example, variants of possible sections that the absorber element can present.
  • Figure 7 shows a detailed sectional view of the absorber with an intermediate plate that divides the ducts increasing the contact surface with the fluid.
  • Figure 8 shows a detailed sectional view of the manifold where an embodiment is observed in which the transparent cover is held by a frame in the form of a metal profile partially embedded in the manifold housing.
  • the solar thermal collector that the invention, in its preferred embodiment, proposes, is constituted by a supporting structure or box (1) made of plastic material by injection process.
  • the structure of the box can not only be reduced to a frame, but it can integrate a series of reinforcement ribs or supports on which the absorber (2) rests distributed over the entire surface of the panel.
  • the collector On the upper face, the collector is integrated with a glass or a sheet of transparent material (3).
  • a closing plate or textile is integrated, preferably the latter (4) covering the entire lower area of the collector.
  • Said layers of woven material are embedded at their ends by the injected plastic material to form the structural frame, thus forming a composite of plastic and fiberglass (Fig. 3).
  • the plastic structure in the frame can also be inserted a metal profile (14), forming a plastic-metal hybrid structure that replaces the composite and serves to increase stiffness and dimensional stability.
  • This hybrid structure would be generated in the one-step injection process by over-injecting the plastic material onto the preferably aluminum insert profiles that are inserted over the frame.
  • the absorber consists of two plates (8 and 9) of metallic material with high thermal conductivity, preferably aluminum. At least one of the plates is properly shaped so that, when the two plates are joined, the conduits (12) necessary for the heat transfer fluid path are formed.
  • These ducts can be constituted by a series of parallel channels or with curved geometries to improve efficiency and which lead to collector ducts at both ends. Other configurations, such as a single channel in the form of a coil, are also possible.
  • the section of these channels can be circular or other that facilitates the transmission of heat to the fluid.
  • the plates are subsequently welded by means of a material with a lower melting point that is placed between both plates and by the action of heat they are welded. In this way a resistant and perfectly tight element is obtained.
  • tubes can be added in the absorber zones provided for fluid inlet and outlet, so that the connections are made at the same time in the same plate welding process, making it a fully integrated process of performing the absorber.
  • the outer face of the upper plate can receive a selective treatment layer (13) that gives it high absorption and low emission by projecting a suitable material.
  • the section of the ducts formed by the absorber plates can have different variants, as shown, by way of example, in Figure 6.
  • the plates can be formed both or only one of them, lower or upper.
  • an inner lining can be made in order to avoid the deposition of materials contained in the heat transfer fluid and also add additional protection against corrosion and thus extend the life of the collector.
  • a variant of the arrangement of the described conduits, parallel that converge in collectors, can be a single coil-shaped conduit or any other form capable of being made by forming sheets.
  • the selective treatment (13), in addition to the preferred embodiment by spraying or painting, can be applied by other means, such as anodizing, nitriding, PVD deposition, etc., before or after the plate is formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur solaire encapsulé en cours de fabrication à l'aide d'un processus de transformation des plastiques permettant d'intégrer tous les composants au cours dudit processus, ainsi que d'ajouter des fonctions externes pour son montage dans un environnement tel qu'un toit. Le produit et le processus de fabrication de l'invention permettent d'ajouter de nombreuses fonctions et géométries complexes, ainsi que de réduire les durées et les opérations de montage tandis que sont exécutées de manière simultanées l'encapsulation et les fonctions externes du produit. Le procédé de fabrication de l'absorbeur du capteur constitue également un processus intégré, avec des conduits, des capteurs et une surface d'absorption dans une même pièce. L'élément d'absorption est composé de deux plaques (8, 9) faites d'un matériau métallique d'une conductivité thermique élevée, dont une au moins présente une forme adaptée permattant, lors de l'assemblage des deux plaques au moyen d'un matériau à point de fusion inférieur (11), la formation des conduits (12) nécessaires pour l'écoulement du fluide caloporteur, lesdits conduits étant recouverts d'une couche (10) de protection.
PCT/ES2006/000424 2006-07-20 2006-07-20 Capteur solaire thermique intégré et procédé de fabrication WO2008009755A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2006/000424 WO2008009755A1 (fr) 2006-07-20 2006-07-20 Capteur solaire thermique intégré et procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2006/000424 WO2008009755A1 (fr) 2006-07-20 2006-07-20 Capteur solaire thermique intégré et procédé de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008009755A1 true WO2008009755A1 (fr) 2008-01-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012164111A1 (fr) * 2011-06-03 2012-12-06 Fundación Cidaut Collecteur de chaleur solaire

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1019035U (es) * 1991-10-23 1992-02-16 Massa Porrato Giovanni Panel solar perfeccionado.
ES2134720A1 (es) * 1997-05-05 1999-10-01 Ramos Jose Carlos Perez Colector solar termico de baja temperatura.
ES2144957A1 (es) * 1998-06-05 2000-06-16 Urbina Casanovas Pablo Perfeccionamientos en los paneles captadores de energia solar.
ES2186588A1 (es) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-01 Gomis Adria Ricart Colector solar termico para cubierta de tejados

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1019035U (es) * 1991-10-23 1992-02-16 Massa Porrato Giovanni Panel solar perfeccionado.
ES2134720A1 (es) * 1997-05-05 1999-10-01 Ramos Jose Carlos Perez Colector solar termico de baja temperatura.
ES2144957A1 (es) * 1998-06-05 2000-06-16 Urbina Casanovas Pablo Perfeccionamientos en los paneles captadores de energia solar.
ES2186588A1 (es) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-01 Gomis Adria Ricart Colector solar termico para cubierta de tejados

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012164111A1 (fr) * 2011-06-03 2012-12-06 Fundación Cidaut Collecteur de chaleur solaire
EP2716994A1 (fr) * 2011-06-03 2014-04-09 Fundación Cidaut Collecteur de chaleur solaire
EP2716994A4 (fr) * 2011-06-03 2015-02-25 Fundación Cidaut Collecteur de chaleur solaire

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