WO2008008705A2 - Limited slip differential - Google Patents
Limited slip differential Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008008705A2 WO2008008705A2 PCT/US2007/072932 US2007072932W WO2008008705A2 WO 2008008705 A2 WO2008008705 A2 WO 2008008705A2 US 2007072932 W US2007072932 W US 2007072932W WO 2008008705 A2 WO2008008705 A2 WO 2008008705A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- intermediate shaft
- differential
- clutch plates
- hydraulic circuit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
- F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H2048/204—Control of arrangements for suppressing differential actions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H48/22—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using friction clutches or brakes
Abstract
A differential system for a front wheel drive vehicle. The differential system including a differential carrier, an actuator housing, an intermediate shaft, a dutch pack, and a piston. The differential carrier houses a differential assembly configured to drive a right and left axle shaft. The actuator housing is configured to rotate in conjunction with the differential carrier. The intermediate shaft extends through the actuator housing. The dutch pack has a first set of clutch plates that engage the actuator housing and a second set of clutch plates that engage the intermediate shaft. The piston compresses the first and second set of clutch plates thereby frictionally coupling the differential carrier to the intermediate shaft and the locking or modulating the differential.
Description
ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A HYDRAULIC TORQUE
VECTORING DIFFERENTIAL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a limited slip differential assembly particularly adapted for front wheel drive vehicle applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Conventional rear-wheel drive motor vehicles provide wheel driving torque through a propeller shaft coupled to left and right axles through a differential. Front-wheel drive vehicles couple to front wheel drive axles through a differential driven by a transaxle. Four-wheel drive and so-called all-wheel drive vehicles also use differentials to drive front and rear axles. Differentials allow differences in wheel rotational speed to occur between the left and right side driven axles. The earliest and most basic designs of differentials are known as open differentials in that they provide constant torque between the two axles and do not operate to control the relative rotational speed between the axle shafts. A well known disadvantage of open differentials occurs when one of the driven wheels engages the road surface with a low coefficient of friction (μ) with the other having a higher μ. In such case, the low tractive effort force developed at the low μ contact surface prevents significant torque from being developed on either axle. Since the torque between the two axle shafts is relatively constant, little total tractive effort can be developed to pull the vehicle from its position. Similar disadvantages occur in dynamic conditions when operating, especially in low μ or so-called split μ driving conditions. [0003] The above limitations of open differentials are well known and numerous design approaches have been employed to address such shortcomings.
One approach is known as a locking differential. These systems are typically mechanically or hydraulically based or use other strategies to attempt to couple the
two axle shafts together to rotate at nearly a constant speed. Thus, in this operating condition, the two axles are not mutually torque limited. A mechanically based
locking differential typically uses a clutch pack or friction material interface which locks the two axles together when a speed difference between the axles is detected. Other systems incorporate fluid couplings between the axles which provide a degree of speed coupling.
[0004] Providing a limited slip or locking type differentials for front wheel drive
vehicle applications poses particularly stringent packaging limitations. The presence of engine, transmission, transaxle axle shafts, suspension and steering components all within the front engine compartment of the vehicle provide little packaging space for additional power train components.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] The hydraulically actuated electronic limited slip differential in accordance with the present invention is especially adapted for front wheel drive
applications and can be directly coupled to the open differential of the vehicle transaxle. A central intermediate shaft passes through the unit from the differential to one of the front drive shafts through a universal or constant velocity type flexible torque coupling joint. A clutch pack is compressed to couple or decouple the differential carrier to one of the axle shafts through an intermediate shaft which can
provide a locking, or modulating condition between the two front drive shafts.
[0006] These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the invention in combination with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0007] Figure 1 is a schematic view of actuation system for a locking, or modulating differential in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; [0008] Figure 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of actuation system of
Figure 1 ; and
[0009] Figure 3 is a schematic view of an actuation system according to
another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0010] An actuation system for a limited slip differential assembly is provided in Figures 1 and 2. The actuation system is generally denoted by reference 10. [0011] The differential assembly 16 includes basic elements of typical differential assemblies, which include a differential carrier 24 which is driven by the vehicle's transmission output via a gear or chain drive (not shown). A pair of planet
gears 26 are rotatable about a common differential shaft mounted to the carrier.
Planet gears 26 mesh with a pair of side gears 28 which are in turn splined or otherwise connected with a pair of axle shafts 31 ,33 through intermediate shafts 30, 32 for the left and right hand wheels 18, 20 of the associated motor vehicle. The above described components of differential assembly 16 are common components
of so-called open differentials. Front wheel drive vehicles may also use a differential
which is a planetary gear set.
[0012] Under certain low traction conditions it may be desirable to lock, or modulate the differential assembly 16 providing a constant, or limited slip speed between two axle shafts 31 , 33. Accordingly, the actuation system 10 includes a piston 40 and a clutch pack 42. The piston 40 is hydraulically actuated and does not rotate. In contrast, differential carrier 24 and the intermediate shaft 32 each rotate with regard to the stationary piston 40. Under normal operating conditions, the differential carrier 24 and the intermediate shaft 32 are allowed to rotate at different speeds. Actuator housing 44 is attached to the differential carrier 24 and rotates with the differential carrier 24. The clutch pack 42 includes two sets of clutch plates 46, 48. The first set of clutch plates 46 engage the actuator housing 44 through a splined connection and, therefore, rotates with the differential carrier 24. The second set of clutch plates 48 engage a shaft portion 50 in a splined connection that is attached to and rotates with the intermediate shaft 32. Typically, the first set of clutch plates 46 is interleaved with the second set of clutch plates 48 to maximize the active frictional surface area in the clutch pack 42.
[0013] To provide a constant, or limited slip speed between the axle shafts 31 and 33, the actuation system 10 frictionally locks, or limits the speed difference between the intermediate shaft 32 to the differential carrier 24 through the clutch pack 42. To lock, or modulate the intermediate shaft 32 to the differential carrier 24, the piston 40 is hydraulically actuated to extend and apply force to thrust bearing 52. The thrust bearing 52 acts against pins 56 that compresses the first and second set of clutch plates 46 and 48, thereby frictionally coupling or limiting the slip speed between the intermediate shaft 32 to the differential carrier 24. To once again operate in a open differential mode, the hydraulic pressure is relieved and a spring
54 acts to relieve pressure on pins 56 and, consequently, the piston 40 allowing the clutch plates 46 and 48 to rotate independently. In addition, it is readily contemplated that the pin 56 and spring 54 may be eliminated such that the piston 40 acts on the clutch pack 42 directly through the thrust bearing 52. [0014] The hydraulic circuit 58 is used to control the actuation of the piston
40. A hydraulic pump 60 creates a hydraulic system pressure that is provided to a pressure regulator switch 62 through a check valve 64. If the hydraulic system pressure falls below a minimum pressure, the pressure regulator switch 62 activates the motor 59, thereby driving the hydraulic pump 60 to increase the hydraulic system pressure above the minimum pressure. In addition, the flow from the hydraulic pump 60 feeds a pressure accumulator 66. The pressure accumulator 66 maintains a constant system pressure in response to a transient demand for fluid, for example when driving the piston 40. The pressure accumulator 66 is in fluid communication with a primary valve 70 and a secondary valve 68. When activated, the secondary valve 68 provides hydraulic to flow chamber 72 driving piston 40 forward to compress the clutch plates 46, 48 of the clutch pack 42. The primary valve 70 provides a signal level pressure feed to valve 68 in order to control the pressure delivered to the piston 40.
[0015] An electronic control unit 69 is in electrical communication with a solenoid of the primary valve 70. The amount of current provided to the solenoid by the electronic control unit 69 controls the amount of pressure provided to the secondary valve 68. As such, the secondary valve 68 may be a spool valve such that the pressure from the primary valve 70 creates a force balance between the pressure from the primary valve 70 and a hydraulic feedback loop in communication
with the output or piston side of the secondary valve 68. Accordingly, the force balance causes a balancing of the spool in the spool valve implementation, thereby controlling hydraulic pressure delivered to the piston 40. In addition, a pressure sensor 74 is in electrical communication with the electronic control unit 69. The pressure sensor 74 is in fluid communication with the hydraulic line 71 between the secondary valve 68 and the chamber 72 of the piston 40. Accordingly, the pressure sensor 74 generates an electronic signal based on the pressure driving the piston 40 and forms an electronic feedback loop to the electronic control unit 69. The electronic feedback loop may be used by the electronic control unit 69 to adjust the current provided to the solenoid of the primary valve 70 creating a variable pressure control loop. With the pressure to the piston 40 being variably adjustable, the piston 40 may provide an adjustable actuation pressure to the clutch pack 42 to variably control the friction engagement of the clutch plates 46, 48 and hence the locking or modulation between the differential carrier 24 and the intermediate shaft 32. [0016] The system may also be implemented using a single valve design, as shown in Figure 3. Accordingly, the pressure accumulator 66 is in fluid communication with a valve 80. When activated, the valve 80 provides hydraulic pressure to flow chamber 72 driving piston 40 forward to compress the clutch plates of the clutch pack 42.
[0017] An electronic control unit 69 is in electrical communication with a solenoid of the valve 80. The amount of current provided to the solenoid by the electronic control unit 69 controls the amount of pressure provided through the valve 80, thereby controlling hydraulic pressure delivered to the piston 40. In addition, a pressure sensor 74 is in electrical communication with the electronic control unit 69.
The pressure sensor 74 is in fluid communication with the hydraulic line 71 between the valve 80 and the chamber 72 of the piston 40. Accordingly, the pressure sensor 74 generates an electronic signal based on the pressure driving the piston 40 and forms an electronic feedback loop to the electronic control unit 69. The electronic feedback loop may be used by the electronic control unit 69 to adjust the current provided to the solenoid. As described above, the piston 40 may provide an adjustable actuation pressure to the clutch pack 42 to variably control the friction engagement of the clutch plates and hence the locking or modulation between the differential carrier 24 and the intermediate shaft 32.
[0018] As a person skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the above description is meant as an illustration of implementation of the principles this invention. This description is not intended to limit the scope or application of this invention in that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change, without departing from the spirit of this invention, as defined in the following claims.
Claims
1. A differential system for controlling torque in a powertrain of a motor vehicle comprising: a differential carrier (24) in communication with a differential assembly (16); an actuator housing (44) configured to rotate in conjunction with the differential carrier (24); a first intermediate shaft (32) extending through the actuator housing (44) and coupled with a first wheel (20); a second intermediate shaft (30) in communication with the differential assembly (16) and coupled to a second wheel (18); a clutch pack (42) for frictionally coupling the differential carrier (24) to the first intermediate shaft (32), the clutch pack (42) including a first set of clutch plates (46) engaging the actuator housing (44) and a second set of clutch plates (48) engaging the first intermediate shaft (32); a piston (40) to compress the first and second set of clutch plates (46, 48) thereby frictionally coupling the differential carrier (24) to the first intermediate shaft (32).
2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a thrust bearing (52) in communication with the piston (40) and configured to drive a pin (56) into the clutch pack (42) thereby compressing the first and second set of clutch plates (46, 48).
3. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a hydraulic circuit (58) configured to actuate the piston (40).
4. The system according to claim 3, further comprising a spring (54) configured to retract the piston (40) when pressure is released by the hydraulic circuit (58).
5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes an accumulator (66) and at least one hydraulic valve (70) for manipulating the piston (40), the accumulator (66) being configured to provide a constant pressure to at least one hydraulic valve (70).
6. The system according to claim 3, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a secondary valve (68) configured to provide a variable pressure to the piston (40).
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a primary valve (70) having a solenoid configured to provide a variable pressure feed to the secondary valve (68) based on a solenoid current.
8. The system according to claim 3, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a pressure sensor (74) configured to sense the pressure driving the piston (40) to create an electronic feedback loop.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the first set of clutch plates (46) are splined to the actuator housing (44) and the second set of clutch plates (48) are splined to the first intermediate shaft (32).
10. A differential system for a front wheel drive vehicle, the differential system comprising: a differential carrier (24) in communication with a differential assembly (16); an actuator housing (44) configured to rotate in conjunction with the differential carrier (24); a first intermediate shaft (32) extending through the actuator housing (44) and coupled with a first front wheel (20); a second intermediate shaft (30) in communication with the differential assembly (16) and coupled to a second front wheel (18); a clutch pack (42) configured to frictionally couple the differential carrier (24) to the first intermediate shaft (32), the clutch pack (42) including a first set of clutch plates (46) engaging the actuator housing (44) and a second set of clutch plates (48) engaging the first intermediate shaft (32); a piston (40) actuated by a hydraulic circuit (58) and coupled to a pin (56) in the clutch pack (42) through a thrust bearing (52), the pin (52) being configured to compress the first and second set of clutch plates (46, 48) thereby frictionally coupling the differential carrier (24) to the first intermediate shaft (32) in response to actuation of the piston (40) by the hydraulic circuit (58); a spring (54) configured to retract the piston (40) thereby releasing the clutch plates (46, 48) when the hydraulic circuit (58) relieves pressure from against the piston (40).
11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes an accumulator (66) and at least one hydraulic valve (70) for manipulating the piston (40), the accumulator (66) being configured to provide a constant pressure to the at least one hydraulic valve (70),
12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a secondary valve (68) configured to provide a variable pressure to the piston (40).
13. The system according to claim 13, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a primary valve (70) having a solenoid configured to provide a variable pressure on the secondary valve (68) based on a solenoid current.
14. The system according to claim 10, wherein the hydraulic circuit (58) includes a pressure sensor (74) configured to sense the pressure driving the piston (40) to create an electronic feedback loop.
15. The system according to claim 10, wherein first set of clutch plates (46) are splined to the actuator housing (44) and the second set of clutch plates (48) are splined to the first intermediate shaft (32).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US83118006P | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | |
US60/831,180 | 2006-07-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008008705A2 true WO2008008705A2 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
WO2008008705A3 WO2008008705A3 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
Family
ID=38788368
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/072932 WO2008008705A2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-06 | Limited slip differential |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2008008705A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012150609A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Sidhu Abhishek | Wheel lock system and its mechanism of operation thereof |
WO2015026411A3 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-04-23 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit having unitary sump and accumulator housing |
USD779560S1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-21 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit |
USD779561S1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-21 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit |
US10030755B2 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2018-07-24 | Borgwarner Torqtransfer Systems Ab | Torque vectoring device |
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ITBO20030199A1 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-05 | Ferrari Spa | REAR DRIVE VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH DIFFERENTIAL |
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US20050167228A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-04 | Baxter Ralph W.Jr. | Hydraulic clutch actuator for limited slip differential assembly |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012150609A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Sidhu Abhishek | Wheel lock system and its mechanism of operation thereof |
WO2015026411A3 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-04-23 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit having unitary sump and accumulator housing |
US10030755B2 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2018-07-24 | Borgwarner Torqtransfer Systems Ab | Torque vectoring device |
USD779560S1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-21 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit |
USD779561S1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-02-21 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit |
USD800786S1 (en) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-10-24 | Eaton Corporation | Hydraulic control unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008008705A3 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
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