WO2008001410A2 - Induction heating device of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening - Google Patents

Induction heating device of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008001410A2
WO2008001410A2 PCT/IT2007/000457 IT2007000457W WO2008001410A2 WO 2008001410 A2 WO2008001410 A2 WO 2008001410A2 IT 2007000457 W IT2007000457 W IT 2007000457W WO 2008001410 A2 WO2008001410 A2 WO 2008001410A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inductors
construction
pistons
portions
profile
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2007/000457
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008001410A3 (en
Inventor
Carlo Cena
Mariolino Cesano
Original Assignee
Saet S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saet S.P.A. filed Critical Saet S.P.A.
Publication of WO2008001410A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008001410A2/en
Publication of WO2008001410A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008001410A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/40—Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • Induction heating device of a variety of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening
  • the present invention relates to a device for the induction heating of a variety of elements with complex shapes to provide a localized surface hardening of the elements to a constant depth.
  • a large variety of elements can be treated by such a device.
  • Such device can be used to treat camshafts of internal-combustion engines.
  • the name of camshaft is derived by that the shaft has cams along its longitudinal axis, each of them drives by its rotation and through tappets the intake and exhaust valves and the pistons of the fuel injection pump as well .
  • Cams should have a high hardness number at the surface to withstand the mechanical wear due to the contact with tappets as well as a good resiliency at the core to avoid a fatigue breaking.
  • the induction heating process generally consists of positioning the element to be treated inside an inductor energized by an AC power supply with a power and at a frequency suitable for the applications.
  • the alternated magnetic field induced into the element generates in turn induced currents that heats it by Joule effect.
  • the heating is limited to the surface of the element. After the end of the heating lasting a few minutes to prevent the heat from reaching the core of the element, a quenching is carried out by dipping or spouting it with a cooling liquid.
  • the provision of a tight coupling between element and inductor is necessary to provide a hardening with a constant depth, i.e. the outside surface of the element and the inside surface of the inductor should be geometrically similar and the clearance therebetween is minimum. In case of circular elements this can easily be achieved; moreover, it is also possible to rotate the element during the process to improve the homogeneity of the heating. In the present case where the elements have a profile with many more or less projecting portions, that is not possible. Indeed, by positioning the element inside a circular inductor the projecting portions will be heated to a greater depth also due to any rotation of the element so that the hardened portions will be deeper.
  • Cams have complex shapes different from one another and not necessarily symmetrical to transmit the motion to tappets at an instant speed and acceleration required by the operating cycle of each valve or piston of the injection pump.
  • inductors having a shape similar to the element to be hardened.
  • the inductor should be capable of being opened as the elements cannot be inserted along the longitudinal axis of the inductor when the latter is closed. It is convenient to treat concurrently several elements to increase the yield.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a device able to heat a portion of an element having one or more complex profiles in order to provide eventually a hardening with a constant depth.
  • the device consists of a construction comprising inductors and hydraulic pistons moving the mobile portion of each inductor, thus allowing the thereby formed loop to be opened and the element to be positioned inside it.
  • the hydraulic pistons can be replaced by pneumatic pistons or electromechanical actuators .
  • the inductors consist of two portions: one portion moved by said pistons and a second portion integral with the construction, which portions brought into contact by their surfaces form a closed loop having an inside profile which is geometrically similar to the profile of the element.
  • a first embodiment is shown in sheet 1 by side and top views .
  • the inductors indicated in this embodiment at 1, 2, 3 and 4 are assembled to form a construction 5 which provides for their positioning and includes all mechanical, electrical connections to supply said inductors with electric current, cooling water and fluid to move the driving pistons.
  • the inductors consist pf two portions: one portions 11 is secured to construction 5 and portions 10 is moved by pistons 7. Once surfaces 12 of these two portions are brought into mechanical, electrical contact, they form a closed loop having an inside profile which is geometrically similar to profile 8 of the piece to be heated.
  • Sheet 1 and sheet 2 show closed and opened inductors, respectively.
  • Half inductor 11 consists of two mechanically joined portions which are, however, electrically insulated by contact surface 13 made of insulating material and prolonged until the two strip collectors 15 secured to construction 5 are electrically insulated too.
  • Pistons 7, one for each inductor, allow just some profile to be heated • leaving the -inductors at the -prof-i-les not to be treated open and inactive.
  • Said pistons can be hydraulically or pneumatically driven if it is not required any strong closure force.
  • electromechanical actuators such as ball bearing screws can also be used.
  • the movement of semi-inductors 10 is guided by two rods 14 provided with self-lubricating bushes.
  • Elastic members such as Belleville washers ensuring in any case the correct closure of the loop also in the presence of pollution or clearance are put between the end of the rods and semi-inductors 10.
  • the opening of the inductors takes place by two movements :
  • Fig. B opening of the semi-inductors to the left, possibly one at a time, by pistons 7;
  • Fig. C horizontal shifting to the right of the whole construction 5 and then all of semi-conductors 11 concurrently. As the inductor is in its open position, it allows the vertical movement of the shaft to be treated.
  • the inductor As the inductor is in its closed position, its inside profile coincides with the outside profile 8 of the element to be treated.
  • the opening motion of the loop can take place according to the construction solution shown in sheet 3.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Abstract

A device for the simultaneous induction heating of elements with complex shapes e.g. camshafts to provide a localized surface hardening of the elements to a constant depth all over the periphery of the element. This is accomplished by causing that the outside profile of the element to be heated and the inside profile of the inductor are geometrically similar and the clearance is minimum thus providing a tight coupling. The device consists of a construction (5) including inductors (1), (2), (3), (4) and hydraulic pistons (7) that move the mobile portion (10) of each inductor, thus allowing the loop to be opened and the element to be positioned. The hydraulic pistons can be replaced by pneumatic pistons or electromechanical actuators. The inductors consist of two portions: portion (10) is moved by pistons (7) and portion (11) is integral with the construction. Once the surfaces (12) of the two portions are brought into contact with each other, they form a closed loop having the inside profile geometrically similar to profile (8) of the element to be heated.

Description

Induction heating device of a variety of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening
*****
The present invention relates to a device for the induction heating of a variety of elements with complex shapes to provide a localized surface hardening of the elements to a constant depth. A large variety of elements can be treated by such a device. Particularly, such device can be used to treat camshafts of internal-combustion engines. The name of camshaft is derived by that the shaft has cams along its longitudinal axis, each of them drives by its rotation and through tappets the intake and exhaust valves and the pistons of the fuel injection pump as well .
Cams should have a high hardness number at the surface to withstand the mechanical wear due to the contact with tappets as well as a good resiliency at the core to avoid a fatigue breaking.
This can be achieved by case-hardening of the elements in shaft furnaces followed by quenching; such a process takes a long time and is expensive especially due to the need for protecting the portions of the elements that shouldn't be treated.
For this reason the treatment by induction hardening is widespread in the industrial practice. The induction heating process generally consists of positioning the element to be treated inside an inductor energized by an AC power supply with a power and at a frequency suitable for the applications. The alternated magnetic field induced into the element generates in turn induced currents that heats it by Joule effect.
In case of enough high frequency, the heating is limited to the surface of the element. After the end of the heating lasting a few minutes to prevent the heat from reaching the core of the element, a quenching is carried out by dipping or spouting it with a cooling liquid. The provision of a tight coupling between element and inductor is necessary to provide a hardening with a constant depth, i.e. the outside surface of the element and the inside surface of the inductor should be geometrically similar and the clearance therebetween is minimum. In case of circular elements this can easily be achieved; moreover, it is also possible to rotate the element during the process to improve the homogeneity of the heating. In the present case where the elements have a profile with many more or less projecting portions, that is not possible. Indeed, by positioning the element inside a circular inductor the projecting portions will be heated to a greater depth also due to any rotation of the element so that the hardened portions will be deeper.
Cams have complex shapes different from one another and not necessarily symmetrical to transmit the motion to tappets at an instant speed and acceleration required by the operating cycle of each valve or piston of the injection pump.
Besides having different profiles the angular positions of the several cams are also shifted out of phase according to the operating cycle of the engine cylinders .
There is then the need for inductors having a shape similar to the element to be hardened. In case of several elements which are different and positioned in an out-of-phase succession the inductor should be capable of being opened as the elements cannot be inserted along the longitudinal axis of the inductor when the latter is closed. It is convenient to treat concurrently several elements to increase the yield.
The present invention seeks to provide a device able to heat a portion of an element having one or more complex profiles in order to provide eventually a hardening with a constant depth.
According to the invention this has been accomplished by causing the outside surface of the element and the inside surface of the inductor to have geometrically similar profiles and the clearance to be minimum as well. The device consists of a construction comprising inductors and hydraulic pistons moving the mobile portion of each inductor, thus allowing the thereby formed loop to be opened and the element to be positioned inside it. The hydraulic pistons can be replaced by pneumatic pistons or electromechanical actuators .
More particularly, the inductors consist of two portions: one portion moved by said pistons and a second portion integral with the construction, which portions brought into contact by their surfaces form a closed loop having an inside profile which is geometrically similar to the profile of the element. A first embodiment is shown in sheet 1 by side and top views .
The inductors indicated in this embodiment at 1, 2, 3 and 4 are assembled to form a construction 5 which provides for their positioning and includes all mechanical, electrical connections to supply said inductors with electric current, cooling water and fluid to move the driving pistons. The inductors consist pf two portions: one portions 11 is secured to construction 5 and portions 10 is moved by pistons 7. Once surfaces 12 of these two portions are brought into mechanical, electrical contact, they form a closed loop having an inside profile which is geometrically similar to profile 8 of the piece to be heated.
Sheet 1 and sheet 2 show closed and opened inductors, respectively. Half inductor 11 consists of two mechanically joined portions which are, however, electrically insulated by contact surface 13 made of insulating material and prolonged until the two strip collectors 15 secured to construction 5 are electrically insulated too. Pistons 7, one for each inductor, allow just some profile to be heated • leaving the -inductors at the -prof-i-les not to be treated open and inactive.
Said pistons can be hydraulically or pneumatically driven if it is not required any strong closure force. As an alternative, in case the available space is enough, electromechanical actuators such as ball bearing screws can also be used. The movement of semi-inductors 10 is guided by two rods 14 provided with self-lubricating bushes. Elastic members such as Belleville washers ensuring in any case the correct closure of the loop also in the presence of pollution or clearance are put between the end of the rods and semi-inductors 10.
The opening of the inductors takes place by two movements :
Sheet 1 and sheet 2, Fig. A: closed inductors;
Fig. B: opening of the semi-inductors to the left, possibly one at a time, by pistons 7;
Fig. C: horizontal shifting to the right of the whole construction 5 and then all of semi-conductors 11 concurrently. As the inductor is in its open position, it allows the vertical movement of the shaft to be treated.
As the inductor is in its closed position, its inside profile coincides with the outside profile 8 of the element to be treated. As an alternative, the opening motion of the loop can take place according to the construction solution shown in sheet 3.
According to this solution the two groups of mirror- like semi-inductors 10 and 11 are both mobile and driven by a separate group of pistons; the closure of the loop is due to the direct contact of the two semi- inductors through strip collectors 15 which are secured to construction 5. The whole treatment cycle can be summarized as follows: positioning the shaft vertically between two tailstocks;
- moving the shaft vertically until the first profiles at the lower end of the shaft to be treated are positioned at the construction 5;
- shifting the whole construction 5 horizontally until it is positioned near semi-iήductors 11;
- closing the group of semi-inductors 10 by pistons 7 leaving the inductors at the profiles not to be treated open and inactive;
- heating the piece which can be possibly rotated;
- opening the group of semi-inductors 10;
- shifting the whole construction 5 to move it away from semi-inductors 11 and to allow the following movement ; moving the shaft vertically until the heated profiles are positioned at the quenching shower or inside the basin; - repeating the cycle onto the profiles to be next treated.
As an alternative, according to the constructive solution shown- in sheet 3 the movement of construction 5 and semi-inductors 10 is replaced by the symmetrical movement of semi-inductors 10 and 11 with respect to the two strip collectors 15 secured to construction 5. Each inductor can be supplied with different power and at a different frequency in case of considerable differences of shapes or depths of hardening which are desired for the several profiles.
The present invention is characterized over the already known induction heating devices by the following features:
- constancy of the hardening depth even on element with complex shapes because of the particular profile of the inductor; possibility of treating concurrently several different zones of the element with different profiles and hardening depths because of the possibility of supplying the inductors with different power and at different frequency; easiness and quickness of fitting out the installation because of the electrical, hydraulic, fluidic connections arranged to the carrying construction.

Claims

Claims
1. A device for the concurrent induction heating of elements with complex shapes to provide a localized surface hardening of the elements to a constant depth, wherein the outside profile of the element to be heated and the inside profile of the heating means are geometrically similar and kept at a distance within the reach of the induction field.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a construction (5) comprising one or more inductors (1), (2), (3) and (4).
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said construction (5) includes, besides the inductors, hydraulic pistons (7) able to move the mobile portion (10) of each inductor to allow the loop formed by the two portions of each inductor to be opened and then to position the particular to be treated.
4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said construction (5) includes, besides the inductors, pneumatic pistons.
5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said construction (5) includes, besides the inductors, electromechanical actuators such as ball bearing screws.
6. The device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that said construction includes all connections to supply said inductors with electric current, cooling water, and fluid to move the driving pistons .
7. The device according to claims 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, characterized in that said construction (5) is shifted horizontally by an outside device to allow the inductors to be completely opened.
8. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inductors consist of two portions, the first portion (10) being moved by piston (7) and the second portion (11) being integral with construction (5) so that once surfaces (12) of the two portions are brought into mechanical, electrical contact with each other, they form a closed loop having an inside profile which is geometrically similar to the profile (8) of the element to be heated.
9. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inductors consists of two mirror-like portions (10) and (11) , each of them being moved by a different group of pistons (7), the movement of construction (5) and semi-inductors (10) being replaced by the symmetrical movement of semi-inductors
(10) and (11) with respect to the two strip collectors
(15) secured to construction (5) .
10. The device according to claims 2, 8, and 9, characterized in that the inductors are able to be supplied with power and at a frequency which are different for each of them to optimise the treatment of each piece to be heated.
PCT/IT2007/000457 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 Induction heating device of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening WO2008001410A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000468A ITTO20060468A1 (en) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 CONTEMPORARY HEATING DEVICE WITH INDUCTION OF COMPLEX GEOMETRY ELEMENTS, WITH SURFACE HARDENING PROFILE WITH CONSTANT DEPTH.
ITTO2006A000468 2006-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008001410A2 true WO2008001410A2 (en) 2008-01-03
WO2008001410A3 WO2008001410A3 (en) 2008-02-14

Family

ID=38773964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2007/000457 WO2008001410A2 (en) 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 Induction heating device of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) ITTO20060468A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008001410A2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103911496A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-07-09 十堰恒进科技有限公司 Vertical type quenching inductor
CN106011437A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-10-12 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 Carburization quenching tool for crankshaft
CN110791626A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-02-14 燕山大学 Squirrel-cage induction heating device and process for marine flat-bulb steel

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB889940A (en) * 1956-12-07 1962-02-21 Aei Birlec Ltd Improvements in, or relating to, electric induction heaters
US4759808A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-26 Tocco, Inc. Method for hardening cam lobes on a camshaft
WO2001060122A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Inductoheat, Inc. Induction heat treatment of complex-shaped workpieces

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB889940A (en) * 1956-12-07 1962-02-21 Aei Birlec Ltd Improvements in, or relating to, electric induction heaters
US4759808A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-26 Tocco, Inc. Method for hardening cam lobes on a camshaft
WO2001060122A1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Inductoheat, Inc. Induction heat treatment of complex-shaped workpieces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103911496A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-07-09 十堰恒进科技有限公司 Vertical type quenching inductor
CN106011437A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-10-12 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 Carburization quenching tool for crankshaft
CN110791626A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-02-14 燕山大学 Squirrel-cage induction heating device and process for marine flat-bulb steel
CN110791626B (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-06 燕山大学 Squirrel-cage induction heating device and process for marine flat-bulb steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITTO20060468A1 (en) 2007-12-28
WO2008001410A3 (en) 2008-02-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9693397B2 (en) Induction heat treatment of an annular workpiece
WO2008001410A2 (en) Induction heating device of elements with complex shapes to provide a constant-depth surface hardening
RU2012107329A (en) DEVICE FOR INDUCTION HARDENING, METHOD OF INDUCTION HARDENING, COIL FOR INDUCTION HEATING, DEVICE FOR THERMAL PROCESSING AND METHOD OF HEAT PROCESSING
CN203229559U (en) Supporting roller diathermic type power frequency induction quenching machine tool
EP2331716A1 (en) Method and device for localized induction hardening treatment of mechanical components, specifically thrust blocks for large-sized rolling bearings
CN102925655A (en) Thermal treatment method of cam shaft
PL202382B1 (en) Positional fixing of a pin
CN109680139A (en) A kind of annealing device of pivoting support outer ring raceway
US9885094B2 (en) Single shot inductor for heat treatment of closely spaced multiple eccentric cylindrical components arranged along the longitudinal axis of a workpiece
CN205120362U (en) Electronic EGR valve endurance test device
KR200409896Y1 (en) High frequency heat treatment apparatus for rocker-arm shaft
JP4508473B2 (en) Induction hardening method of camshaft
RU2606723C1 (en) Internal combustion engine valve gear
JP6290714B2 (en) Camshaft induction heating apparatus and camshaft induction heating method
CN109112259B (en) Induction heating device for gear surface quenching and gear surface quenching method
CN102199702A (en) Composite strengthening heat treatment technology of internal combustion engine crankshaft
JP2006028589A (en) Hardening and tempering method with direct electric-conduction hardening apparatus
KR100597237B1 (en) High frequency heat treatment apparatus and method for rocker-arm shaft
JPH10330833A (en) Induction hardening apparatus of cam shaft having different outline and method thereof
JP2008045162A (en) Apparatus and method for hardening cam
CN103343187A (en) Laser composite treatment method of cast iron cam
JP4477727B2 (en) Induction quenching cooling method for crankshaft pin
JP4055853B2 (en) Induction tempering device for crankshaft and induction tempering coil body used in the device
JP2008174815A (en) High frequency-induction hardening apparatus
Scarpellini et al. Ultra Large Bearings: a complete range of seamless induction heating solutions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07805669

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: RU

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07805669

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2