WO2008000129A1

WO2008000129A1 - A method and device for providing test routes and a routing test system

Info

Publication number: WO2008000129A1
Application number: PCT/CN2007/001258
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yuanming Zheng
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2006-06-23
Filing date: 2007-04-17
Publication date: 2008-01-03
Also published as: CN101047571A; CN100466562C

Abstract

A method and device for providing test routes is disclosed. The method comprises: computing generation numbers of routes in various prefix length based on the internet real routes distribution, generating the said numbers routes in various prefix length with random arithmetic; computing test numbers of routes in various prefix length based on the internet real routes distribution, getting the test numbers routes in various prefix length from the generated random routes; sending the said get test routes to a tested equipment. A routing test system is also provided. With the method, device or system, the routes sent to tested equipment are consistent with the internet real routes distribution and have randomicity. The test routes conforms to the routes received by tested equipment in real internet. Therefore the ability of processing real routes can be exactly tested.

Description

Method, device and route test system for providing test route The present application claims to be submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on June 23, 2006, the application number is 200610082993.7, and the invention name is "a method and system for transmitting test routes," Priority of the patent application, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a route test system for providing a test route. Background technique

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is one of the most important routing protocols on the Internet. It is the only routing protocol used between autonomous systems. Therefore, some people call BGP the heart of the Internet (BGP Is The Heart Of Integrate). . BGP has undergone different stages of development, and its functions are constantly strengthening and expanding with the growth of the Internet. From the initial basic autonomous system routing function, to aggregation, community, reflection, alliance, attenuation, capability notification, multi-protocol extension, route refresh, etc. It can be said that the development of BGP closely follows the development of the Internet, BGP on the Internet. The number of routes has also increased from a small number in 1989 to about 100,000 in 2001, and the number of autonomous systems has increased to about 9,000 in 2001. Therefore, the power and robustness of BGP is an important indicator of the core router of the face detection.

To test the router's ability to handle BGP routes, you need to use a certain test method to add a large number of routes to the router, and then observe the router's processing of these large numbers of routes, so as to determine whether the router handles the received routes correctly.

The existing test solution is to generate a route that conforms to the regularity of the length of the route prefix on the network, create multiple route pools with different route prefixes, and then read and send routes from the route pool to the tested router.

During the research, the inventor found that because the generated test route has no random characteristics, the test route sent to the tested router cannot simulate the route that the router receives on the Internet, and thus cannot accurately test the performance of the router processing the Internet route. Summary of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, and a route test system for providing a test route. To generate a test route that conforms to the rule of the length of the network route prefix and has a random characteristic, and sends the test route to the device under test.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for providing a test route, including:

According to the distribution of the network route, the number of routes of each route prefix length is calculated, and a random algorithm is used to generate random routes of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the generated number.

According to the distribution of the route on the network, the number of the routes of the route prefix lengths is calculated, and the routes of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the number of tests are read from the generated random routes.

The read test route is sent to the device under test.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for providing a test route, including:

The parameter presetting unit calculates the number of routes of various route prefix lengths and the number of routes of various route prefix lengths according to the distribution of the route on the network;

The random route generating unit generates a random route of each route prefix length corresponding to the generated number by using a random algorithm;

Testing a route reading unit, and reading, from the generated random route, routes of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the number of tests;

The test route sending unit is configured to send the read test route to the device under test.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a route test system, including a route test device and a device under test. The route test device includes a parameter presetting unit, a route generating unit, a reading unit, and a sending unit.

The parameter presetting unit calculates the number of routes of various routing prefix lengths and the number of routes of various routing prefix lengths according to the distribution of the network routes;

The random route generating unit generates a random route of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the generated number by using a random algorithm;

The test route reading unit reads, from the generated random route, routes of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the test number;

The test route sending unit is configured to send the read test route to the device under test. In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the total number of generated routes and the total number are set in advance. The number of tests, the number of routes generated by the various route prefix lengths and the number of tests are calculated according to the rules of the network route distribution. The random number algorithm is used to generate the generated random routes with various route prefix lengths. From the generated random routes, A route of the test number of various route prefix lengths is read, and then the read test route is sent to the device under test. The method, the device or the system provided by the invention makes the route sent to the device under test not only conform to the route distribution rule of the network, but also has a random characteristic, and the test route is consistent with the route received by the device under test in the actual Internet; Test the ability of the device to process routes in the actual working environment. DRAWINGS

1 is a flowchart of a method for providing a test route according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a flowchart of a method for generating a random route according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a flowchart of a method for testing route read in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for providing a test route according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a flowchart of a method for providing a test route according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

S01, the total number of preset routes is generated, and the number of routes of various route prefix lengths is calculated according to the route distribution rule of the network, and the generated number of routes of various route prefix lengths are generated by using a random algorithm.

S02, the total number of scheduled routes is calculated, and the number of routes of various route prefix lengths is calculated according to the route distribution rule of the network. From the route generated in step S01, the lengths of the various route prefixes of the test number are read. Routing; The total number of tests is not greater than the total number of generations.

S03: Send the read test route to the device under test.

In order to further understand the present invention, the process flow of the present technical solution will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

It can be seen from the above that the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be divided into three parts: generating a random route, reading a test route, and sending a test route. The following three parts are described in the order of implementation steps.

Referring to FIG. 2, it is a flowchart of a method for generating a random route according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following Steps:

S11. The total number of preset routes generated, and the number of routes generated by various route prefix lengths is calculated according to the route distribution rule of the network.

The above route prefix is the network address part information of the route.

The length of the route prefix is the length of the network address part of the route (in bits), which is the mask length.

Table 1 lists the distribution rule of the network route prefix length (IPv4) for a certain period of time, that is, the percentage of the total route prefix occupied by various route prefixes. The distribution rule is obtained by unit time statistics. The preset total number of generated routes is 10 million. When a random route is generated, if the total number of routes is large, according to the route distribution rule in this table, the number of routes with a prefix length of 8 is 2000, but the first byte is removed. 0, 127, and routes greater than or equal to 224, the number of valid routes is only 222. Later, there are some cases where the number of routes with a prefix length also has such a situation, so in the specific implementation, the problem of correction is involved. The maximum number of routes with a prefix length of 8 is set to 222. The number of routes with the prefix length of other similar cases is also set to the maximum number of valid routes of this length. Finally, the number of routes with a prefix length of 31 is the total number of routes specified. The difference between the sum of the routes of all other prefix lengths. The number of generations of various prefix length routes, and the number of valid routes after correction according to the specific conditions of the prefix are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Prefix length Percent (%) Number of routes Modified number of valid routes

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

3 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

8 0.02 2000 222

9 0 0 0

10 0.01 1000 888 11 0.01 1000 1000

12 0.03 3000 3000

13 0.08 8000 7104

14 0.23 23000 14208

15 0.36 36000 28416

16 6.38 638000 56832

17 1.2 120000 113664

18 2.19 219000 219000

19 6.33 633000 454656

20 5.42 542000 542000

21 4.32 432000 432000

22 6.35 635000 635000

23 8.06 806000 806000

24 55.52 5552000 5552000

25 0.46 46000 46000

26 0.51 51000 51000

27 0.42 42000 42000

28 0.42 42000 42000

29 0.36 36000 36000

30 0.76 76000 76000

31 0 0 785010

32 0.56 56000 56000 In the program implementation, an array can be used, such as ULONG ulMaxPrefixIpNum[33], each element represents the number of routes with a prefix length, and ulMaxPrefixIpNum[8] represents the number of valid routes with a prefix length of 8. ULONG is a 32-bit unsigned integer.

S12. Set the initial generation route prefix length n to 2. For IPv4 routing, the route prefix length is 1 to 32. 513. Generate a route prefix with a route prefix length n by using a pseudo-random function.

Specifically, in the program implementation, an array is first initialized, such as ULONG ulRoutesInfoList[10000000] to represent the generated 10 million routes. Starting with a prefix length of 2, routes of various prefix lengths are generated in sequence: In the route generation process, each route is generated by a pseudo-random function.

514. Determine whether the route prefix of the route prefix length already exists. If yes, delete the generated route prefix, proceed to step S13, otherwise, continue to step S15.

515. Add the route prefix to the buffer with the route prefix length n. Specifically, in the program implementation, the array ulRoutesInfoList can be used as a buffer for data storage.

Here, an example of the process of route generation is illustrated.

For example, a route, 10.1.160.3, can actually be represented by 4 bytes (1 byte is 8bit), which in turn is 10, 1, 160, 3. Therefore, when generating a random route, a pseudo-random function, such as mnd(), can be used to generate four pseudo-random numbers, each of which ranges from 0-255. Together with the four pseudo-random numbers, a route is formed, which is 32 bits in total. Then, according to the prefix length (such as 18) to take the first 18bit, modify the following 14bit to 0. For example, 10.1.160.3 is represented by binary as 32bit, which is 00001010 00000001 10100000 00000011. According to the prefix length of 18, the first 18 bits are taken, and the following 14 bits are modified to 0, and the binary 32-bit result is 00001010 00000001 10000000 00000000. The decimal representation is 10.1.128.0. For the sake of simplicity, it stores 4 bytes when stored in a local file representing the route, which in turn is 10, 1, 128, 0.

516. Determine whether a specified number of routes of the route prefix length have been generated. If yes, proceed to step S17; otherwise, proceed to step S13. The specified number is the number of routes generated by the route prefix length calculated in step S11.

517, the prefix length n + 1 , determine whether n is greater than 32, if yes, continue to step S18; no ij, continue to step S13. The longest prefix length of IPv4 is 32, so greater than 32 means that all routes have been generated.

518, Write all generated routes to the local file of the test device.

Specifically, create a .txt file, first write the total number of 4 bytes of the route, here is 10 million; then write the contents of the entire array ulRoutesInfoList[10000000].

It should be specially noted that the above random route generation method is only a random route of the present invention. As a specific embodiment of the method, the present invention may adopt other random route generation methods as needed, as long as a preset number of random routes conforming to the network route prefix length distribution rule is generated first, and thus will not be described again.

After generating a random route, enter the read test routing process.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a flowchart of a method for testing route reading according to the present invention, including the following steps:

521. Calculate the total number of routes to be routed, and calculate the number of routes of routes with various route prefix lengths according to the route distribution rule.

First, enter the number of routes that need to be sent during the test. Allow the user to enter the number of routes that need to be added, revoked, and oscillated to the router according to the test requirements. For example, enter 200,000 test routes to be sent. Then, according to the online prefix length rule. Calculate the number of routes with various prefix lengths and the total number of routes entered. The calculation principle is the same as step S01.

522, according to the number of tests of the route, allocate memory Ml.

Specifically, if the test route is 200,000, each route includes a prefix length of 1 byte and a prefix of 4 bytes, so the size of the memory M1 needs to be allocated 200,000*(4+1)=100,000 bytes. space. In the program implementation, you can use an array, such as ULONG ulMaxPrefixIpNum[33], each element represents the number of routes with a prefix length, ulMaxPrefixIpNum[8] represents the number of valid routes with a prefix length of 8, ULONG is 32bit unsigned Integer.

523. Generate a routed file from the storage and read all the routes into the memory M2.

Specifically, the generated route is 10 million; 4*10 million bytes of memory is allocated, and all routes are read to the memory M2. Since the 10 million routes are generated in order of various prefix lengths, the start and end positions of the route of a certain prefix length are clearly known in the memory M2.

524, Set the initial test route prefix length n to 2.

S25. Generate a random number within a range of the number of generated routes of the route prefix length n. A pseudo-random function can be used to generate a random number.

S26. Starting from the random number, sequentially reading the route of the specified number of route prefixes n, if it is not enough at the end of reading, and then reading from the first bar, adding the read route to the memory M1.

In order to make each test, even if the total number of routes is the same, for example, there are 200,000, and finally the text The route obtained by the device is not completely the same. When reading a route with a prefix length, a random number is generated within the total number of routes of the prefix length, assuming m, and the mth route from the prefix length. Start reading the required route. If it is not enough to specify the number at the end of the read, go back and continue reading from the first strip of the generated route of the prefix length.

The following is an example of this step: Define 1 data structure, representing the route, including the prefix length and prefix:

Typedef struct tagBGP— ROUTES J PO

{

BYTE ucLen; prefix len of routing, which is 16 UCHAR ucaPrefix[4] in 20.0.0.1/16; // is 20 0 0 1 in 20.0.0.1/16

} BGP—ROUTES— INFO— S;

Generate 1 BGP-ROUTESJNFO-S temporary variable, such as pBgpV4RoutesInfo

After reading the routes of various prefixes, write the prefix length to ucLen of pBgpV4RoutesInfo, write the prefix to ucaPrefix of pBgpV4RoutesInfo, and then write pBgpV4RoutesInfo to memory] VII.

Assume that the number of routes entered is 10, and finally five routes with a prefix length of 23 and five prefix lengths of 24 are read from the file, as follows:

14.5.24.0/23, 142.97.240.0/23, 159.157.148.0/23, 125.21.192.0/23, 205.2.62.0/23

186.81.104.0/24, 54.208.184.0/24, 194.137.80.0/24, 117.75.59.0/24, 146.139.49.0/24.

Then the content of memory Ml (hereafter hexadecimal) is:

17 0E 05 18 00 17 8E 61 F0 00 17 9F 9D 94 00 17 7D 15 CO 00 17 CD 02 3E 00 18 BA 51 68 00 18 36 DO B8 00 18 C2 89 50 00 18 75 4B 3B 00 18 92 8B 31 00

It should be noted that steps S25 and S26 generate a random number within the range of the number of generated routes of the route prefix length n, and then sequentially read the route of the specified number of route prefixes n from the random number. It is also possible to use the range of the number of generated routes of the route prefix length n as one data. Segment, using a random method, randomly reads a route from this data segment each time until it reads a route with a specified number of route prefixes n.

S27, the prefix length n + 1 , determines whether n is greater than 32. If yes, continue to step S28; otherwise, go to step S25.

S28, the test route reading ends.

In addition, the foregoing method for reading the test route is only a specific embodiment of the method for reading the test route in the present invention. The present invention can also read the test route in other random manners, and details are not described herein again.

After reading the test route, enter the test route sending process. The following embodiment sends a test route to a BGP-enabled router, including the following steps:

531. Establish a BGP session between the test tool and the router.

The basic process of establishing a BGP session between the test tool and the router includes first establishing a TCP connection between the test tool and the device under test (DUT, device under test), the destination port number is 179, and then on the TCP connection. After BGP Open packets and BGP KeepAlive packets are sent to each other, a BGP session is established. After a BGP session is established, BGP keepalive packets are sent to each other at intervals. The BGP session can be maintained.

532. Organize an Update message including the test route read as described above. The Update packet includes an Update packet that adds a route and an Update packet that revokes the route. The Update message includes ^ ¹艮 header, test route and session related attributes.

The Update packet of the added route is a TCP packet. The TCP destination port number is 179. The data part includes the Update header, and the route attributes such as Origin, As—Path, Next— Hop, Local-Preference, and each added. A route, the route including a prefix length and a prefix.

The Update message of the revoked route is a TCP packet. The TCP destination port number is 179, and the data part includes the Update packet header and the revoked routes. The route includes the prefix length and prefix.

The specific process is: when adding and rerouting the Update message, 10.1.128.0/18 is encapsulated into the Update message, actually fill in 18 first, then fill in 3 bytes 10, 1, 128, the last 1 word Section 0 is not written to the Update message, that is, only the valid bytes indicated by the prefix length are filled. If the prefix length is greater than 24, the valid byte is 4, and 4 bytes are required. Prefix; prefix length is less than or equal to 24 and greater than 16, valid byte is 3, need to fill in 3 bytes of prefix; prefix length is less than or equal to 16 and greater than 8, valid byte is 2, need to fill in 2 bytes Prefix; prefix length is less than or equal to 8, valid byte is 1, and a 1-byte prefix is required.

S33: Send the Update packet to the router. In addition to the sending of the added route and the revoked route, the test of the router also includes the route flapping. The route flapping is performed by adding the route and the revoking route alternately. The process of the route flapping is to send the Update packet with the added route and the revoked route to the router alternately. The time interval between adding and revoking routes is set by the user.

In addition, if the test process does not have an urgent requirement for time, a random route conforming to the online prefix length distribution rule can be generated at each test, and then directly sent to the router for testing.

In addition, it is also possible to collect a sufficient number of routes in the routing table on the router on the network, and store them into files. Each time, each part of the route is randomly read from the file.

Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for providing a test route according to an embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus 100 for providing a test route provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a parameter preset module 110, a random route generation module 120, a test route read module 130, and a test route sending module 140. The parameter preset module 110 is configured to receive a preset route total. The number of generated routes, the total number of scheduled routes, and the rules of network route distribution rules, and the number of routes generated by various route prefix lengths and the number of routes of various route prefix lengths are calculated.

The random route generation module 120 is configured to read the generated number of routes of the various route prefix lengths, and generate a random route of the generated number of various route prefix lengths by using a random algorithm; the test route reading module 130 is configured to read The number of tests of the routes of the various route prefix lengths, and the routes of the test number are read from the generated random routes of various route prefix lengths;

The test route sending module 140 is configured to send the read test route to the device under test. First, the online route distribution rule parameter and the preset route total generation number are input to the parameter preset module 110, and the parameter preset module 110 calculates the number of routes generated by various route prefix lengths. The random route generation module 120 then reads the generated number of routes of the various route prefix lengths, and generates a random route of the generated number of various route prefix lengths by using a random algorithm. Will be scheduled The total number of test routes is input to the parameter presetting module 110. The parameter presetting module 110 calculates the number of tests for routes of various route prefix lengths. It can be understood that the total number of test routes can be input at the same time when the total number of input routes is generated. The test route reading module 130 reads the number of tests of the routes of various route prefix lengths, and reads the test number of routes from the random routes of the various route prefix lengths generated above. The test route sending module 140 is configured to send the read test route to the device under test 200. Therefore, the route test apparatus 100 transmits the test route conforming to the online route distribution rule and having random characteristics to the device under test 200.

The random route generation module includes:

a route prefix length extraction module, configured to extract a route prefix length from the lengths of the various route prefixes;

Generating a module, using a random algorithm to generate a route prefix of the obtained route prefix length, and determining that the generated route prefix is the same as the existing route prefix, deleting the generated route prefix, otherwise generating a random length of the route prefix Routing

The determining module determines whether the number of routes having the obtained route prefix length is equal to the calculated number of routes of the calculated route prefix length, and if not equal, the generating module generates a route of the route prefix length; Yes,

Then, a route prefix length is obtained from the length of the route prefix that is not obtained, until the lengths of the various route prefixes have been obtained, and routes of the various route prefix lengths are generated.

The test route reading module includes:

a first reading submodule, configured to read a route of the number of the route prefix length test from the generated route of the obtained route prefix length;

The second read submodule is configured to obtain a route prefix length from the unacquired route prefix length, until the lengths of the various route prefixes have been obtained.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a route test system, including a route test device and a device under test. The route test device includes a parameter presetting unit, a route generating unit, a reading unit, and a sending unit.

The parameter presetting unit is configured to calculate, according to an online route distribution rule parameter, a number of routes generated by various route prefix lengths and a number of routes of various route prefix lengths;

The route generating unit is configured to generate, according to the number of routes of the various route prefix lengths, Generating, by using a random algorithm, the generated number of random routes of various route prefix lengths;

The reading unit is configured to read, according to the number of tests of the routes of the various route prefix lengths, the test number of the various route prefix lengths from the generated random routes of various route prefix lengths Routing

The sending unit is configured to send the read test route to the device under test,

The device under test tests based on the test route.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to specific embodiments. The description of the above embodiments is only for helping to understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas; In addition, the present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention, and the description of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Rights request

A method for providing a test route, comprising:

The read test route is sent to the device under test.

The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

Pre-set the total number of generated routes before calculating the number of routes of the various route prefix lengths respectively; pre-predetermining the total number of scheduled routes before calculating the number of routes of the routes of various route prefix lengths respectively; The total number of tests is not greater than the total number of generations.

The method of claim 2, further comprising: obtaining a route prefix length, and generating a random route of the obtained route prefix length, specifically:

Obtaining a route prefix length of the various route prefix lengths;

Determining, by using a random algorithm, the route prefix corresponding to the obtained route prefix length, and determining whether the generated route prefix is the same as the existing route prefix, and if yes, deleting the generated route prefix; otherwise,

Determining whether the number of routes having the obtained route prefix length is equal to the calculated number of routes of the route prefix length; if not, generating a route of the route prefix length; if yes,

The method according to claim 3, wherein the process of reading the route comprises:

Obtaining a route prefix length of the various route prefix lengths;

The route of the route prefix length test number is read from the generated route of the obtained route prefix length; A route prefix length is obtained from the length of the route prefix that is not obtained, and the route length of the route prefix is read until the number of route test lengths of the various route prefix lengths has been obtained.

The method according to claim 4, wherein the device under test is a router that enables Border Gateway Protocol (BGP),

Before the sending of the test route, the method further includes the step of establishing a border gateway protocol session with the tested router.

The method according to claim 5, wherein the process of sending a test route comprises:

The test route is added to the update message and sent to the tested router; or the test route is added to the updated update message of the revoked route and sent to the tested router.

The method according to claim 4, wherein, when the route for generating the route prefix length is read, the route of the route prefix length test number is read in a random manner;

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the random algorithm is an algorithm for generating a pseudo random number using a pseudo random function.

9. An apparatus for providing a test route, comprising:

Testing a route reading unit to read routes of various route prefix lengths corresponding to the number of tests from the generated random routes;

The device according to claim 9, further comprising:

The parameter receiving unit is configured to receive a total number of preset routes generated and a total number of scheduled routes.

The device according to claim 9, wherein the random route generating unit comprises:

a route prefix length extraction module, configured to extract a path from the length of the various route prefixes By prefix length;

The device according to claim 9, wherein the test route reading unit comprises:

a first reading module, configured to read a route of the number of the route prefix length test from the generated route of the obtained route prefix length;

The second reading module is configured to obtain a route prefix length from the unfetched route prefix length, until the lengths of the various route prefixes have been obtained.

A route test system, comprising: a route test device and a device under test; wherein the route test device comprises a parameter presetting unit, a route generating unit, a reading unit, and a sending unit,

The system according to claim 13, wherein the route generation unit comprises:

a route prefix length extraction module, configured to extract a route prefix length from the lengths of the various route prefixes; Generating a module, using a random algorithm to generate a route prefix of the obtained route prefix length, and determining that the generated route prefix is the same as the existing route prefix having the same route prefix length, deleting the generated route prefix, otherwise generating a random route of the route prefix length; the determining module, determining whether the number of generated route prefixes of the obtained route prefix length is equal to the calculated number of generated route prefix length routes, and if yes, triggering the route prefix length The extraction module obtains a route prefix length from the route prefix length that has not been obtained until the lengths of the various route prefixes have been obtained.

The system according to claim 13, wherein the reading unit comprises: a first reading module, configured to read the length of the route prefix from the generated route of the obtained route prefix length Test the number of routes;