WO2007146349A2 - Cgrp receptor antagonists - Google Patents

Cgrp receptor antagonists Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007146349A2
WO2007146349A2 PCT/US2007/013896 US2007013896W WO2007146349A2 WO 2007146349 A2 WO2007146349 A2 WO 2007146349A2 US 2007013896 W US2007013896 W US 2007013896W WO 2007146349 A2 WO2007146349 A2 WO 2007146349A2
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Prior art keywords
compound according
alkyl
ring
aliphatic
optionally substituted
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PCT/US2007/013896
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French (fr)
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WO2007146349A3 (en
Inventor
Corey Gutierrez
Andreas Termin
Sara Hadida-Ruah
Pramod Joshi
Daniele Bergeron
Sanghee Yoo
Hayley Binch
Jon Come
Suganthi Nanthakumar
Jingrong Cao
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Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
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Application filed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated filed Critical Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
Priority to JP2009515476A priority Critical patent/JP5382799B2/en
Priority to AU2007258294A priority patent/AU2007258294A1/en
Priority to EP07796082A priority patent/EP2027106A2/en
Priority to CA002655085A priority patent/CA2655085A1/en
Priority to NZ574097A priority patent/NZ574097A/en
Priority to MX2008015906A priority patent/MX2008015906A/en
Publication of WO2007146349A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007146349A2/en
Publication of WO2007146349A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007146349A3/en
Priority to IL195807A priority patent/IL195807A0/en

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    • C07D277/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D513/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to CGRP receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods therewith for treating CGRP receptor-mediated diseases and conditions.
  • CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
  • CGRP is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide that is generated by tissue-specific alternate processing of calcitonin messenger RNA and is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system.
  • CGRP is localized predominantly in sensory afferent and central neurons and mediates several biological actions, including vasodilation.
  • CGRP is expressed in alpha- and beta-forms that vary by one and three amino acids in the rat and human, respectively.
  • CGRP-alpha and CGRP -beta display similar biological properties.
  • CGRP When released from the cell, CGRP initiates its biological responses by binding to specific cell surface receptors that are predominantly coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase.
  • CGRP receptors have been identified and pharmacologically evaluated in several tissues and cells, including those of brain, cardiovascular, endothelial, and smooth muscle origin.
  • CGRP is a potent vasodilator that has been implicated in the pathology of cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine and cluster headache.
  • elevated levels of CGRP in the jugular vein were found to occur during migraine attacks (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1990, 28, 183-187).
  • CGRP activates receptors on the smooth muscle of intracranial vessels, leading to increased vasodilation, which is thought to be the major source of headache pain during migraine attacks (Lance, Headache Pathogenesis: Monoamines, Neuropeptides, Purines and Nitric Oxide, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, 3-9).
  • the middle meningeal artery the principle artery in the dura mater, is innervated by sensory fibers from the trigeminal ganglion which contain several neuropeptides, including CGRP.
  • Trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the cat resulted in increased levels of CGRP 5 and in humans, activation of the trigeminal system caused facial flushing and increased levels of CGRP in the external jugular vein (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1988, 23, 193-196).
  • CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN 4096 BS was reported to be effective in treating acute attacks of migraine (Olesen et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 350:1104-1110).
  • CGRP-mediated vasodilation of rat middle meningeal artery was shown to sensitize neurons of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Williamson -et al., The CGRP Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Amylin, and Adrenomedullin, Austin Bioscience, 2000, 245- 247).
  • CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
  • Amylin Amylin
  • Adrenomedullin Ranacet al.
  • a CGRP antagonist may be beneficial in attenuating, preventing or reversing the effects of neuronal sensitization.
  • CGRP antagonists useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans.
  • disorders include migraine and cluster headache (Doods, Curr. Opin. Inves. Drugs, 2001, 2 (9), 1261-1268; Edvinsson et al., Cephalalgia, 1994, 14, 320-327); chronic tension type headache (Ashina et al., Neurology, 2000, 14, 1335- 1340); pain (Yu et al., Eur. J.
  • Urology 2001, 166, 1720-1723
  • allergic dermatitis Wallengren, Contact Dermatitis, 2000, 43 (3), 137-143
  • psoriasis encephalitis, brain trauma, ischaemia, stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases (Rohrenbeck et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 1999, 6, 15-34); skin diseases (Geppetti and Holzer, Eds., Neurogenic Inflammation, 1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FIa.), neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus (Herzog et al., J.
  • the present invention relates to compounds that are useful as ligands for CGRP receptors, in particular antagonists of CGRP receptors, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and uses therewith.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof and uses therewith.
  • compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted.” In general, the term “substituted”, whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, refers to the replacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent.
  • an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
  • Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and preferably their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of 40 0 C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week.
  • aliphatic or "aliphatic group”, as used herein, means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as “carbocycle” "cycloaliphatic” or “cycloalkyl”), that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain 1 -4 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • cycloaliphatic refers to a monocyclic C3-Cg hydrocarbon or bicyclic or tricyclic Cs-Ci 4 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturatio ⁇ , but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule wherein any individual ring in said bicyclic ring system has 3-7 members.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • Suitable cycloaliphatic groups include cycloalkyl, bicyclic cycloalkyl (e.g., decalin), bridged bicycloalkyl such as norbornyl or [2.2.2]bicyclo-octyl, or bridged tricyclic such as adamantyl.
  • heteroaliphatic means aliphatic groups wherein one or two carbon atoms are independently replaced by one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon. Heteroaliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, cyclic or acyclic, and include "heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycloaliphatic”, or “heterocyclic” groups.
  • heterocycle means non-aromatic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring systems in which one or more ring atom is an independently selected heteroatom.
  • the "heterocycle”, “heterocyclyl”, “heterocycloaliphatic”, or “heterocyclic” group has three to fourteen ring members in which one or more ring members is a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, and each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • haloaliphatic and haloalkoxy means aliphatic or alkoxy, as the case maybe, substituted with one or more halo atoms.
  • halogen or "halo” means F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • haloaliphatic include -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -CF 3 , -CF 2 -, or perhaloalkyl, such as, -CF 2 CF 3 .
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring”.
  • aryl also refers to heteroaryl ring systems as defined hereinbelow.
  • heteroaryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “heteroaralkyl” or “heteroarylalkoxy”, refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, at least one ring in the system contains one or more heteroatoms, and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the term “heteroaryl ring” or the term “heteroaromatic”.
  • An aryl (including aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including heteroaralkyl and heteroarylalkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents.
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R° are selected from NH 2 , NH(C]. 4 aliphatic), N(Ci -4 aliphatic) 2 , halo, C i ⁇ aliphatic, OH, O(Ci- 4 ali ⁇ hatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H, CO 2 (C ⁇ aliphatic), 0(ImIoCi -4 aliphatic), or haloCj ⁇ aliphatic, wherein each of the foregoing C ⁇ aliphatic groups of R° is unsubstituted.
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R are selected from NH 2 , NH(Ci -4 aliphatic), N(Ci -4 aliphatic)2, halo, Ci -4 aliphatic, OH 3 0(Ci -4 aliphatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H 5 CO 2 (Ci -4 aliphatic), O(halo C, 4 aliphatic), or halo(C M aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing C [ ⁇ aliphatic groups of R * is unsubstituted.
  • Optional substituents on the aliphatic group or the phenyl ring of R + are selected from NH 2 , NH(C M aliphatic), N(Cj -4 aliphatic) 2 , halo, C ]-4 aliphatic, OH, 0(Ci -4 aliphatic), NO 2 , CN, CO 2 H, CO 2 (C] -4 aliphatic), O(halo C] -4 aliphatic), or halo(C]. 4 aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing Ci ⁇ aliphatic groups ofR + is unsubstituted.
  • spirocyclic ring system refers to a moiety comprising two or more rings, wherein at least one ring has two points of attachment to another ring through a common carbon ring atom.
  • two independent occurrences of R° are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound to form a 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Exemplary rings that are formed when two independent occurrences of R° (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound include, but are not limited to the following: a) two independent occurrences of R° (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to the same atom and are taken together with that atom to form a ring, for example, N(R°) 2 , where both occurrences of R° are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl group; and b) two independent occurrences of R 0 (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to different atoms and are taken together with both of those atoms to form a ring, for example where a phenyl group is
  • oxygen containing ring It will be appreciated that a variety of other rings can be formed when two independent occurrences of R 0 (or R + , or any other variable similarly defined herein) are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound and that the examples detailed above are not intended to be limiting.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
  • compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13 C- or 14 C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention.
  • Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
  • aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic- and similar such terms mean that the aryl group is linked to the core molecule by a Cl to C6 aliphatic linker.
  • aryl-C2- alkyl- means a -CH 2 CH 2 Ph group or a phenylethyl group is attached to the core molecule.
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula I:
  • X is S, SO, or SO 2 ;
  • Z 1 is a bond or NR 7 , O, S, CH 2 , C(O), OrNR 7 C(O)NR 7 , wherein R 7 is hydrogen, Cl- C4 aliphatic or C(O)Cl -C4 aliphatic;
  • Z 2 is a bond, O, CH 2 O, or C(O);
  • ring A is phenyl or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or a 10-14 membered bicyclic heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring has 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents; wherein:
  • Z 2 is a bond
  • Z 1 is a bond
  • Z 1 , Z 2 , and R 6 are absent, ring A is not aromatic, and ring A together with ring B form a spirocyclic ring system;
  • R 6 is hydrogen or C1-C4 aliphatic; m is 1-3; n is 1-3; provided that m+n is ⁇ 4;
  • R ⁇ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heterocyclyl-Cl-C6 aliphatic- or cycloaliphatic-Cl-C6 aliphatic-; wherein R ⁇ is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 2 substituents;
  • R x is hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, wherein R x is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 3 substituents; or two R x , taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two R is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 4 substituents; R z is absent, hydrogen, CN, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6
  • Z 2 is a bond
  • R 6 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is a bond
  • Z 2 is a bond
  • R 6 is hydrogen
  • Z 1 is NR 7 , O, S, CH 2 , C(O), OrNR 7 C(O)NR 7 .
  • Z 2 -R ⁇ is other than hydrogen and Z 1 is a bond.
  • Z 2 -R 6 is other than hydrogen and Z 1 is NR 7 , O, S, CH 2 , C(O) 5 Or NR 7 C(O)NR 7 .
  • R z if present, is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or - O-Cl -C6 alkyl.
  • R z if present, is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
  • At least one R w is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl or
  • At least one R w is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
  • one R w is hydrogen and the other R w is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
  • one of R w is hydrogen and the other R w is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OMe or OEt.
  • R ⁇ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, -Cl -C4 alkoxy, -Cl -C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,
  • R ⁇ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted Cl -C6 aliphatic-.
  • R ⁇ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted Cl -C6 alkyl-.
  • R ⁇ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
  • R ⁇ is pyridyl (C1-C6)- alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl
  • R ⁇ is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic- each optionally substituted with up to 5 R 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
  • R ⁇ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
  • one R is hydrogen and the other R is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R 3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 R u substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 R u substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-f-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-f-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4- ⁇ -butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, A- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-/7-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
  • one R is hydrogen and the other R is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from
  • C1-C6 aliphatic cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-C1-C6 aliphatic, or -S(O) 2 -Cl-Co aliphatic.
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R 3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
  • said R x is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2i ⁇ -thiopyranyl, 9 ⁇ -ftuoren-9- yl or piperidinyl.
  • two R x taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two R x is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 4 substituents.
  • said ring system is selected from 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
  • said compound is of formula I-A:
  • ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring that forms a spirocyclic ring system with said piperidine ring through carbon atom C A , wherein ring A is optionally fused with a phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, has up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents;
  • R 1 , R x , R ⁇ , R z , R w , and X are as defined herein. 7
  • IInn oonnee eemmbbooddiimmeen ⁇ t of formula I-A, R z if present, is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
  • At least one R w is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-Cl-C6 alkyl.
  • At least one R w is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
  • one R w is hydrogen and the other R w is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OMe or OEt.
  • R ⁇ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3-methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylammo)ethyl, 1 -methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-pro ⁇ yl.
  • R ⁇ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
  • R ⁇ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
  • R ⁇ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
  • R ⁇ is pyridyl (Cl -C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl
  • R ⁇ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridm-3-yl- methyl-, ⁇ yridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl -ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, lH-indazol-5-yl, or 2-
  • R Y is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic- optionally substituted with up to 5 R 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
  • R ⁇ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl- 5 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
  • R x is hydrogen and the other R x is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R 3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 3 R ⁇ substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
  • one R is hydrogen and the other R is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R 5 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 2 R u substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O 3 or S.
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-J-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1 -yl,.4- ⁇ -butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l -//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin- 1 yl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-Mjutoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy- ⁇ iperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
  • one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from
  • At least one R x is hydrogen and the other R x is a
  • C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R 3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
  • said R x is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2i c - r -pyranyl, tetrahydro-2//-thiopyranyl, 9H-fluoren-9- yl or piperidinyl.
  • said ring system is selected from 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2 J f/-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
  • ring A is selected from:
  • R 1 is as defined herein.
  • ring A has formula A-i.
  • ring A has formula A-ii.
  • ring A has formula A- ⁇ i ⁇ .
  • p is 0 and q is 0.
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring optionally fused with an phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, contains up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents;
  • R 1 , R x , R ⁇ , and X are as defined herein.
  • R ⁇ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH 3 C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl -C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3 ,3 -dimethyl -butyl, 3 -methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3-methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3 -methyl -butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, 1 -methyl -2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
  • R ⁇ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-propyl.
  • R ⁇ is C3 -C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
  • R ⁇ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
  • R ⁇ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
  • R ⁇ is pyridyl (Cl -C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl)-, N-(C1-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl-C6 alkyl)-.
  • R ⁇ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridin-3- yl -methyl-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-y]-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-m ethyl-, lH-indazol-5-yl,. or
  • R ⁇ is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic each optionally substituted with up to 5 R 2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
  • R ⁇ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyI, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
  • R x is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R 3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 3 R u substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected
  • R x is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R 3 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 R u substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O 5 or S.
  • R x is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
  • R x is pyridyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4- butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-?-tmtylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-?-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy- ⁇ i ⁇ eridinyl, 4- efhoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, mo ⁇ holin-4-yl, l-H-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
  • R x is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-C1-C6 aliphatic, or
  • R x is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R 3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
  • said fused ring is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2i ⁇ -pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl,
  • ring A is selected from:
  • Y is C(O), S(O), or S(O) 2 ;
  • W c is -C(R ⁇ 2 .
  • W c CR ! -.
  • W c is C(O).
  • r is 2.
  • W D is N.
  • W D C-.
  • Y is C(O).
  • Y is S(O).
  • Y is S(O) 2 .
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted ring selected from phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, irnadazolyl, imidazoli ⁇ yl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl.
  • substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally
  • Q-R M is Q-R'.
  • Q is present and R is C1-C6 aliphatic.
  • R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
  • R' is hydrogen
  • R' is a C1-C8 aliphatic group, optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , or OCHF 2 , wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C8 aliphatic is optionally replaced with -CO-,
  • R' is a 3-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(Cl)
  • R' is an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -
  • R' is taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(
  • compounds of the present invention include those in
  • compounds of the present invention include those in
  • compounds of the present invention include those in
  • compounds of the present invention include those in
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula F:
  • X is S, SO, or SO 2 ;
  • Z is present or absent; wherein: when Z is present, then ring A is attached to ring B through a single bond; when Z is absent, then ring A together with ring B forms a spirocyclic ring system; ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or a 10-14 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring, wherein ring A has 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 R substituents; tn is 1-3; n is 1-3; provided that m+n is ⁇ A;
  • R ⁇ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-aliphatic, or cycloaliphatic-aliphatic; wherein R ⁇ is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 2 substituents;
  • R x is hydrogen, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, wherein R x is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 3 substituents; or two R x , taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 R 3 substituents; wherein said ring formed by two R x is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 4 • substituents; R z is absent, hydrogen, CN, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), halo
  • ⁇ is a single or a double bond; provided that when it is a double bond, then R z and one of R w is absent;
  • R w is independently hydrogen, halo, oxo, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O- Cl -C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), aryl, aryl-Cl -C6 aliphatic, C3-C7 cycloaliphatic; or two R w taken together form an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring formed by two R w is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 5 substituents; wherein each occurrence of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is independently Q-R M ; wherein Q is a bond or is a Ci-Cg aliphatic chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of Q are optionally replaced
  • R w is hydrogen and the other is not. In another embodiment, both of R w are hydrogen. [00163] In one embodiment, m is 1 and n is 1. In another embodiment, m is 1 and n is
  • R z is C1-C6 alkyl or halo.-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, R z is -O-
  • R z include fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OMe, OEt, etc.
  • R w is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, R w is -
  • R w include fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OMe,
  • two R w taken together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted C3-C9 cycloalkyl or a 3-9 membered heterocyclyl ring.
  • exemplary such rings include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • R ⁇ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino.
  • Exemplary embodiments include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3- dimethyl -butyl, 3 -methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 1-
  • R ⁇ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic.
  • R ⁇ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl.
  • Exemplary embodiments include cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclohexylethyl.
  • R ⁇ is pyridyl (C1-C6) alkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl), N-(Cl -C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl -C6 alkyl).
  • Exemplary embodiments include tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-yl-rnetb.yl, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl, pyridin-4-yl-methyl, lH-indazol-5-yl, or 2-(N-methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl.
  • R ⁇ is optionally substituted phenyl or (optionally substituted phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic.
  • exemplary embodiments include phenyl,
  • both R x are hydrogen.
  • R x is a phenyl or a heteroaryl, such as pyridyl, wherein said phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with an optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N.
  • R x include phenyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4- rnethyl-piperazin-1-yl, 4-/-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin- 1 -yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl or pyridyl.
  • R x is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substitue ⁇ ts independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl- C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, aralkyloxy, di (C1-C6 aliphatic)amino, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, S(O)-C 1-C6 aliphatic, or S(O) 2 -Cl-Co aliphatic.
  • R x is an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl ring.
  • Exemplary rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H " -pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H r -thiopyranyl, 9 ⁇ -fluoren-9-yl, piperidinyl, etc.
  • two R x taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-9 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring.
  • exemplary embodiments include 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2 ⁇ r -thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula
  • ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring that forms a spirocyclic ring system with said piperidine ring through carbon atom C A , wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally fused with an optionally substituted phenyl or heteroaryl ring; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents;
  • R 1 , R x , R ⁇ , R z , R w , and X are as defined above.
  • R z is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, R z is -O-
  • R w is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, R w is -
  • R w include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OMe, OEt, etc.
  • two R w taken together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted C3-C9 cycloalkyl or a 3-9 membered heterocyclyl ring.
  • Exemplary such rings include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • ring A is selected from:
  • R 1 is as defined above.
  • p is 0 and q is 0. In another embodiment, p is 1 and q is
  • p is 0 and q is 1. In yet another embodiment, both p and q are 1.
  • p is 0 and q is 2. Or, p is 2 and q is 0.
  • W A is NR 1 . In another embodiment, W A is O. Or, W A is
  • R 1 - is hydrogen
  • W B is NR 1 . In another embodiment, W B is O. Or, W B is
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • q is 2 and W B is or -CR ⁇ CR 1 -.
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, contains up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R 1 substituents;
  • ring A is selected from:
  • R 1 is as defined above.
  • Tn one embodiment, r is 0. Or, r is 1. Or, r is 2.
  • W D is N.
  • Y is C(O). Or, Y is S(O). Or, Y is S(O) 2 .
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is selected from:
  • ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted ring selected from phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imadazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl.
  • substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted
  • Q is absent.
  • Q-R M is R'.
  • R is hydrogen.
  • R is Cl -C6 aliphatic.
  • Exemplary R includes C1-C6 alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
  • R' is hydrogen
  • R' is a C1-C8 aliphatic group, optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , or OCHF 2 , wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C8 aliphatic is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(Cl -CA alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO 2 N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1
  • R' is a 3-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -
  • R' is an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicycHc ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S
  • two occurrences of R' are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF 3 , CHF 2 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, - CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO 2 -, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO 2 -, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl- C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -O
  • Amine core C-A-i-e, wherein ring A is A-i-e can be prepared using the method of Scheme 7.
  • Amine cores C-A-v-a, C-A-v-c, and C-A-v-f, containing ring A embodiments, A-v-a, A-v-c, and A-v-f, respectively, can be readily prepared using the method of Scheme 11.
  • Scheme 12 Alternative Preparation of Amine core C-A-v-e:
  • A-ii-j a) (2-Methoxy-2-oxoethyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium chloride, benzene b) DBU, DMF c) 3-Bromo-2-aminopyridine, AlMe 3 , DCE d) NaH 5 SEM-Cl 3 THF e) Pd('Bu 3 ) 2 , dicyclohexylmethylamine, dioxane f) TFA g) H 2 , Pd/C
  • A-i-j a) 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine, TMSCN b) H 2 , Rh/alumina c) CDI d) TFA / DCM e) H 2 , Pd/C
  • Amine core A-i-a may be prepared according to the method disclosed in
  • Amine core A-ii-a may be prepared according to the method disclosed in US2006293281.
  • Amine core A-ii-a wherein the fused 6-membered ring is pyridyl may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2007016087.
  • Amine core A-v-b may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2006044504.
  • Amine core A-v-i may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2006044504.
  • Amine core A-vi-b as the HCl salt may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2005056550.
  • Amine core A-vi-d may be prepared according to the method disclosed in Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34(5), pp. 1907-1916 (1986).
  • Amine core A-vi-e is commercially available.
  • Amine core A-v-h may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2007016087.
  • Other amine cores not described in the schemes, experimentals, or referenced herein, can be prepared by methods known to one of skill in the art.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adduct or derivative which upon administration to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a compound as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt or salt of an ester of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an antagonist of CGRP.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2- naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (C)- 4 alkyl) 4 salts.
  • This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersable products may be obtained by such quaternization.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes, any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle which, as used herein, includes, any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable
  • any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention.
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene- block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc
  • compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • the oral compositions can also include adj
  • Injectable preparations for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
  • the injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
  • delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle.
  • injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar— agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl
  • the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.
  • Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard- filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • embedding compositions examples include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like. [00257]
  • the active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
  • the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch.
  • inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
  • the active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.
  • Ophthalmic formulation, eardrops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body.
  • Such dosage forms are prepared by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium.
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin.
  • the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention can be employed in combination therapies, that is, the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures.
  • the particular combination of therapies (therapeutics or procedures) to employ in a combination regimen will take into account compatibility of the desired therapeutics and/or procedures and the desired therapeutic effect to be achieved.
  • the therapies employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder (for example, an inventive compound may be administered concurrently with another agent used to treat the same disorder), or they may achieve different effects (e.g., control of any adverse effects).
  • additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition are known as "appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated”.
  • exemplary additional therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to: nonopioid analgesics (indoles such as Etodolac, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin; naphthylalkanones such sa Nabumetone; oxicams such as Piroxicam; para-aminophenol derivatives, such as Acetaminophen; propionic acids such as Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Naproxen sodium, Oxaprozin; salicylates such as Asprin, Choline magnesium trisalicylate, Diflunisal; fenamates such as meclofenamic acid, Mefenamic acid; and pyrazoles such as Phenylbutazone); or opioid (narcotic) agonists (such as Codeine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Methadone, Morphine, Oxyco
  • nondrug analgesic approaches may be utilized in conjunction with administration of one or more compounds of the invention.
  • anesthesiologic intraspinal infiision, neural blocade
  • neurosurgical neurolysis of CNS pathways
  • neurostimulatory transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dorsal column stimulation
  • physiatric physical therapy, orthotic devices, diathermy
  • psychologic psychologic
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent.
  • the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
  • the present invention in another aspect, includes a composition for coating an implantable device comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device.
  • the present invention includes an implantable device coated with a composition comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device.
  • Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are described in US Patents 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121.
  • the coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccarides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful in a method of antagonism of CGRP receptors in a patient such as a mammal in" need of such antagonism comprising the administration of an effective amount of the compound.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of the compounds disclosed herein as antagonists of CGRP receptors.
  • a variety of other mammals can be treated according to the method of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of a disease or disorder in which the CGRP receptor is involved in a patient that comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that is an antagonist of CGRP receptors.
  • the present invention is further directed to a method for the manufacture of a medicament for antagonism of CGRP receptors activity in humans and animals comprising combining a compound of the present invention with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent.
  • the subject treated in the present methods is generally a mammal, for example a human being, male or female, in whom antagonism of CGRP receptor activity is desired.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount means the amount of the subject compound that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
  • treatment refers both to the treatment and to the prevention or prophylactic therapy of the mentioned conditions, particularly in a patient who is predisposed to such disease or disorder.
  • the compounds of the present invention have utility in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of one or more of the following conditions or diseases: headache; migraine; cluster headache; chronic tension type headache; pain; chronic pain; neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain; neuropathic pain; eye pain; tooth pain; diabetes; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; vascular disorders; inflammation; arthritis; bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma; shock; sepsis; opiate withdrawal syndrome; morphine tolerance; hot flashes in men and women; allergic dermatitis; encephalitis; brain trauma; epilepsy; neurodegenerative diseases; skin diseases; neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus; inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis; and other conditions that may be treated or prevented by antagonism of CGRP receptors.
  • headache migraine; cluster headache; chronic tension type headache; pain; chronic pain; neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain; neuropathic pain; eye pain
  • the compounds of the present invention are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the diseases, disorders and conditions noted herein.
  • the compounds of the present invention are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the aforementioned diseases, disorders and conditions in combination with other agents.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with one or more other drugs in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula I or the other drugs may have utility, where the combination of the drugs together are safer or more effective than either drug alone.
  • Such other drug(s) may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of Formula I.
  • a pharmaceutical composition in unit dosage form containing such other drugs and the compound of Formula I is preferred.
  • the combination therapy may also include therapies in which the compound of Formula I and one or more other drugs are administered on different overlapping schedules.
  • the compounds of the present invention and the other active ingredients may be used in lower doses than when each is used singly.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of Formula I.
  • the present compounds may be used in conjunction with an antiinflammatory or analgesic agent or an anti-migraine agent, such as an ergotamine or 5- HT.
  • sub.1 agonists especially a 5-HT.sub.lB/lD agonist, for example sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan, and rizatriptan; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, for example rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, valdecoxib or paracoxib; a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or a cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory agent, for example with a compound such as aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, sulindac, meloxicam, piroxicam, tenoxicam, lornoxicam, ketorolac, etodolac, mefenam ⁇ c acid,
  • the instant compounds may be administered with a pain reliever such as acetaminophen, phenacetin, codeine, fentanyl, sufentanil, methadone, acetyl methadol, buprenorphine or morphine.
  • a pain reliever such as acetaminophen, phenacetin, codeine, fentanyl, sufentanil, methadone, acetyl methadol, buprenorphine or morphine.
  • an interleukin inhibitor such as an interleukin-1 inhibitor; an NK-I receptor antagonist, for example aprepitant; an NMDA antagonist; an NR2B antagonist; a bradykinin-1 receptor antagonist; an adenosine Al receptor agonist; a sodium channel blocker, for example lamotrigine; an opiate agonist such as levomethadyl acetate or methadyl acetate; a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5 -lipoxygenase; an alpha receptor antagonist, for example indoramin; an alpha receptor agonist; a vanilloid receptor antagonist; an mGluR5 agonist, antagonist or potentiator; a GABA A receptor modulator, for example acamprosate calcium; nicotinic antagonists or agonists including nicotine; muscarinic agonists or antagonists; a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, for example
  • an interleukin inhibitor such as an interleukin-1
  • the present compounds may be used in conjunction with, ergot alkaloids, for example ergotamine, ergonovine, ergonovine, methylergonovine, metergoline, ergoloid mesylates, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocryptine, dihydro-I-ergocryptine, dihydro-.theta.-ergocryptine, ergotoxine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, I-ergocryptine, .theta.-ergocryptine, ergosine, ergostane, bromocriptine, or methysergide.
  • ergot alkaloids for example ergotamine, ergonovine, ergonovine, methylergonovine, metergoline, ergoloid mesylates, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergocornine, dihydr
  • the present compounds may be used in conjunction with a beta- adrenergic antagonist such as timolol, propanolol, atenolol, or nadolol, and the like; a MAO inhibitor, for example phenelzine; a calcium channel blocker, for example flunarizine, nimodipine, lomerizine, verapamil, nifedipine, prochlorperazine or gabapentin; neuroleptics such as olanzapine and quetiapine; an anticonvulsant such as topiramate, zonisamide, tonabersat, carabersat or divalproex sodium; an angiotensin II antagonist, for example losartan and candesartan cilexetil; an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor such as lisinopril; or botulinum toxin type A.
  • a beta- adrenergic antagonist such as t
  • the present compounds may be used in conjunction with a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2-antagonist, simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide; a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, epinephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, propylhexedrine, or levo-desoxy-ephedrine; an antitussive such as codeine, hydrocodone, caramiphen, carbetapentane, or dextromethorphan; a diuretic; a prokinetic agent such as metoclopramide or domperidone, and a sedating or non-sedating antihistamine.
  • a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2-antagonist, simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide
  • a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine
  • the present compounds are used in conjunction with an anti-migraine agent, such as: an ergotamine; a 5-HT.sub.l agonist, especially a 5- HT.sub.lB/lD agonist, in particular, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan and rizatriptan; and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in particular, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, meloxicam, valdecoxib or paracoxib.
  • an anti-migraine agent such as: an ergotamine; a 5-HT.sub.l agonist, especially a 5- HT.sub.lB/lD agonist, in particular, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotrip
  • compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of the present invention.
  • the weight ratio of the compound of the compound of the present invention to the other active ingredient(s) may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the present invention is combined with another agent, the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the other agent will generally range from about 1000:1 to about 1 :1000, or from about 200:1 to about 1 :200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention and other active ingredients will generally also be within the aforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredient should be used.
  • the compound of the present invention and other active agents may be administered separately or in conjunction.
  • the administration of one element maybe prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s), and via the same or different routes of administration.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intraci sternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration.
  • the compounds of the invention are effective for use in humans.
  • a Semi-Prep Gilson HPLC was used to purify various diastereomeric mixtures in the present invention using Gilson 322 pumps, a Gilson 215 liquid handler, a Gilson 819 injection module.
  • Flow rate was 15.0 mL/min using a gradient of 20-70% CH3CN (0.1 % TFA) / H2O (0.1 % TFA) on an Agilent Zorbax, SB-Cl 8 column (21.2 x 100 mm, 5um) monitoring with a Gilson 156 UV/Vis detector.
  • N-Boc-aniline (16.12 g, 83.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 niL) and cooled to -70 0 C. To this solution was added dropwise, under nitrogen, a 1.7 M solution of fert-butyllithium in pentane (110 mL, 187 mmol) at -70 0 C. After 30 min at -70 0 C, the solution was warmed to -20 0 C and maintained at that temperature for 2 h.
  • the crude TFA salt was cooled in an ice-H 2 Q bath, dissolved in ice-cold saturated brine (20 mL) and H 2 O (50 mL) and basified with ice-cold 35% NaOH (aq).
  • a small amount of product obtained from extraction with 50 mL ethyl acetate was added to the aqueous layer to initiate crystallization.
  • the suspension obtained was cooled in an ice- H 2 O bath, filtered, rinsed with ice-cold H 2 O and dried to afford 3.071 g spiro[benzo[d][l,3]oxazine-4 5 4'-piperidin]-2(lH)-one free base as a white crystalline solid.
  • CGRP functional antagonism was characterized in a cell based transcriptional assay using a recombinant SK-N-MC line. Tq introduce the transcriptional reporter system, SK- N-MC cell line was transduced with a retroviral vector containing ⁇ -lactarnase gene downstream of cAMP responsive promoter. The expression of ⁇ -lactamase is triggered by cAMP increase that is a downstream event of activation of endogenous CGRP receptor. Single clones were separated using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) based on CGRP induced ⁇ -lactamase activity, ⁇ -lactamase activity was measured using a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) dye, CCF4.
  • FACS Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting
  • CCF4 is a substrate of ⁇ -lactamase (Zlokarnik G, et al., Science, 279 (5347): 84-88, 1998) and cleaved into a product with different fluorescent signal from that of the parent. 4C10 clone was selected for dose dependent ⁇ -lactamase expression to different concentrations of CGRP and consistent pharmacology with previously published values. To evaluate functional antagonist activity of compounds in SK-N-MC (4C10) line, compounds were evaluated for their inhibition of ⁇ -lactamase expression in the presence of CGRP.
  • SK-N-MC (4C 10) was cultured in Minimal Essential Media (MEM) (Invitrogen) supplemented with ImM non-essential amino acids solution (Invitrogen), 100 units/ml Penicillin- Streptomycin (Invitrogen), ImM sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen) and 10% fetal bovine serum.
  • MEM Minimal Essential Media
  • Invitrogen ImM non-essential amino acids solution
  • Penicillin- Streptomycin Invitrogen
  • ImM sodium pyruvate Invitrogen
  • 10% fetal bovine serum 10% fetal bovine serum.
  • low serum, 1% FBS in MEM was used.
  • 30,000 cells were plated into each wells of poly-D-lysine coated 384-well plate (Becton Dickinson) a day prior to the assay.
  • SK-N-MC (4C10) was preinc ⁇ bated with compounds for 30 m ⁇ n before the addition of 200 pM CGRP.
  • the assay was incubated for 3 hours at 37 0 C to allow ⁇ -lactamase expression.
  • CCF4 dye was added and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
  • the fluorescent signals were read using a fluorescence plate reader, Topology Compensatory Plate Reader (tcPR) at excitation wavelength, 400 nm and emission wavelengths, 460 nm for the product and 535 nm for the parent.
  • the ratio of values at 460 to 535 nm was used to calculate percent of activation. Curve fitting and IC50 calculation were carried about using MOD3.
  • Purified SK-N-MC membrane was purchased from Perkin Elmer. The membrane was thawed quickly and placed on ice. The compounds were diluted with CGRP binding solution (25 raM Tris-HCl, pH7.4, 5 mM MgC12, 0.1% BSA and 0.05% Tween). The membrane was diluted 1 :20 with the binding solution and homogenized with Tissue Matster-50 Homogenizer (Omni International) for 30 sec. The homogenized membrane was added to compounds in the binding solution.
  • CGRP binding solution 25 raM Tris-HCl, pH7.4, 5 mM MgC12, 0.1% BSA and 0.05% Tween.
  • the membrane was diluted 1 :20 with the binding solution and homogenized with Tissue Matster-50 Homogenizer (Omni International) for 30 sec. The homogenized membrane was added to compounds in the binding solution.

Abstract

The present invention relates to CGRP receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods therewith for treating CGRP receptor-mediated diseases and conditions. The present invention relates to CGRP receptor antagonists of formula 1, wherein: X is S, SO, or SO2; pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods therewith for treating CGRP receptor-mediated diseases and conditions.

Description

CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to CGRP receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods therewith for treating CGRP receptor-mediated diseases and conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide that is generated by tissue-specific alternate processing of calcitonin messenger RNA and is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. CGRP is localized predominantly in sensory afferent and central neurons and mediates several biological actions, including vasodilation. CGRP is expressed in alpha- and beta-forms that vary by one and three amino acids in the rat and human, respectively. CGRP-alpha and CGRP -beta display similar biological properties. When released from the cell, CGRP initiates its biological responses by binding to specific cell surface receptors that are predominantly coupled to the activation of adenylyl cyclase. CGRP receptors have been identified and pharmacologically evaluated in several tissues and cells, including those of brain, cardiovascular, endothelial, and smooth muscle origin.
[0003] CGRP is a potent vasodilator that has been implicated in the pathology of cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine and cluster headache. In clinical studies, elevated levels of CGRP in the jugular vein were found to occur during migraine attacks (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1990, 28, 183-187). CGRP activates receptors on the smooth muscle of intracranial vessels, leading to increased vasodilation, which is thought to be the major source of headache pain during migraine attacks (Lance, Headache Pathogenesis: Monoamines, Neuropeptides, Purines and Nitric Oxide, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997, 3-9). The middle meningeal artery, the principle artery in the dura mater, is innervated by sensory fibers from the trigeminal ganglion which contain several neuropeptides, including CGRP. Trigeminal ganglion stimulation in the cat resulted in increased levels of CGRP5 and in humans, activation of the trigeminal system caused facial flushing and increased levels of CGRP in the external jugular vein (Goadsby et al., Ann. Neurol., 1988, 23, 193-196). Electrical stimulation of the dura mater in rats increased the diameter of the middle meningeal artery, an effect that was blocked by prior administration of CGRP (8-37), a peptide CGRP antagonist (Williamson et al., Cephalalgia, 1997, 17, 525-531). Trigeminal ganglion stimulation increased facial blood flow in the rat, which was inhibited by CGRP (8- 37) (Escott et al., Brain Res. 1995, 669, 93-99). Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in marmoset produced an increase in facial blood flow that could be blocked by the non-peptide CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS (Doods et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 2000, 129, 420- 423). Thus the vascular effects of CGRP may be attenuated, prevented or reversed by a CGRP antagonist. In recently reported clinical trials, the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN 4096 BS was reported to be effective in treating acute attacks of migraine (Olesen et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 350:1104-1110).
[0004] CGRP-mediated vasodilation of rat middle meningeal artery was shown to sensitize neurons of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Williamson -et al., The CGRP Family: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Amylin, and Adrenomedullin, Landes Bioscience, 2000, 245- 247). Similarly, distention of dural blood vessels during migraine headache may sensitize trigeminal neurons. Some of the associated symptoms of migraine, including extra-cranial pain and facial allodynia, may be the result of sensitized trigeminal neurons (Burstein et al., Ann. Neurol. 2000, 47, 614-624). A CGRP antagonist may be beneficial in attenuating, preventing or reversing the effects of neuronal sensitization.
[0005] The ability of the compounds of the present invention to act as CGRP antagonists makes them useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans. Such disorders include migraine and cluster headache (Doods, Curr. Opin. Inves. Drugs, 2001, 2 (9), 1261-1268; Edvinsson et al., Cephalalgia, 1994, 14, 320-327); chronic tension type headache (Ashina et al., Neurology, 2000, 14, 1335- 1340); pain (Yu et al., Eur. J. Pharm., 1998, 347, 275-282); chronic pain (Hulsebosch et al., Pain, 2000, 86, 163-175); neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain (Holzer, Neurosci., 1988, 24, 739-768; Delay-Goyet et al., Acta Physiol. Scanda. 1992, 146, 537-538; Salmon et al., Nature Neurosci., 2001, 4(4), 357-358); eye pain (May et al. Cephalalgia, 2002, 22, 195-196), tooth pain (Awawdeh et al., Int. Endocrin. J., 2002, 35, 30-36), non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Molina et al., Diabetes, 1990, 39, 260-265); vascular disorders; inflammation (Zhang et al., Pain, 2001, 89, 265), arthritis, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma, (Foster et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1992, 657, 397-404; Schini et al., Am. J. Physiol., 1994, 267, H2483-H2490; Zheng et al., J. Virol., 1993, 67, 5786-5791); shock, sepsis (Beer et al., Crit. Care Med., 2002, 30 (8), 1794-1798); opiate withdrawal syndrome (Salmon et al., Nature Neurosci., 2001 , 4(4), 357-358) morphine tolerance (Menard et al., J. Neurosci., 1996, 16 (7), 2342-2351); hot flashes in men and women (Chen et al., Lancet, 1993, 342, 49; Spetz et al., J. Urology, 2001, 166, 1720-1723); allergic dermatitis (Wallengren, Contact Dermatitis, 2000, 43 (3), 137-143); psoriasis; encephalitis, brain trauma, ischaemia, stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases (Rohrenbeck et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 1999, 6, 15-34); skin diseases (Geppetti and Holzer, Eds., Neurogenic Inflammation, 1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FIa.), neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus (Herzog et al., J. Membrane Biology, 2002, 189(3), 225); inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, (Hoffman et al. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2002, 37(4) 414-422) and cystitis. Of particular importance is the acute or prophylactic treatment of headache, including migraine and cluster headache. [0006] The present invention relates to compounds that are useful as ligands for CGRP receptors, in particular antagonists of CGRP receptors, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and uses therewith.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] The present invention provides compounds of formula I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
These compounds are useful as antagonists of CGRP receptors and thus treating CGRP- mediated conditions. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof and uses therewith.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0008] 2. Compounds and Definitions:
[0009] Compounds of this invention include those described generally above, and are further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, and species disclosed herein. As used herein, the . following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. [0010] For purposes of this invention, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in "Organic Chemistry", Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, and "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 5th Ed., Ed.: Smith, M.B. and March, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0011] As described herein, compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase "optionally substituted" is used interchangeably with the phrase "substituted or unsubstituted." In general, the term "substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not, refers to the replacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. The term "stable", as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and preferably their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of 400C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week.
[0012] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein, means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as "carbocycle" "cycloaliphatic" or "cycloalkyl"), that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-20 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-8 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain 1 -4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, "cycloaliphatic" (or "carbocycle" or "cycloalkyl") refers to a monocyclic C3-Cg hydrocarbon or bicyclic or tricyclic Cs-Ci4 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturatioπ, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule wherein any individual ring in said bicyclic ring system has 3-7 members. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl. Suitable cycloaliphatic groups include cycloalkyl, bicyclic cycloalkyl (e.g., decalin), bridged bicycloalkyl such as norbornyl or [2.2.2]bicyclo-octyl, or bridged tricyclic such as adamantyl.
[0013] The term "heteroaliphatic", as used herein, means aliphatic groups wherein one or two carbon atoms are independently replaced by one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon. Heteroaliphatic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched, cyclic or acyclic, and include "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloaliphatic", or "heterocyclic" groups.
[0014] The term "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloaliphatic". or "heterocyclic" as used herein means non-aromatic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring systems in which one or more ring atom is an independently selected heteroatom. In some embodiments, the "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloaliphatic", or "heterocyclic" group has three to fourteen ring members in which one or more ring members is a heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus, and each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
[0015] The term "heteroatom" means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen (including, any oxidized forms thereof, e.g., S=O, SO2, etc.; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2//- pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)). [0016] The terms "haloaliphatic" and "haloalkoxy" means aliphatic or alkoxy, as the case maybe, substituted with one or more halo atoms. The term "halogen" or "halo" means F, Cl, Br, or I. Examples of haloaliphatic include -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CF2-, or perhaloalkyl, such as, -CF2CF3.
[0017] The term "aryl" used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in "aralkyl", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the term "aryl ring". The term "aryl" also refers to heteroaryl ring systems as defined hereinbelow.
[0018] The term "heteroaryl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in "heteroaralkyl" or "heteroarylalkoxy", refers to monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic, at least one ring in the system contains one or more heteroatoms, and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with the term "heteroaryl ring" or the term "heteroaromatic".
[0019] An aryl (including aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including heteroaralkyl and heteroarylalkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents on the unsaturated carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group are selected from halo; -R°; -OR°; -SR°; 1 ,2-methylene-dioxy; 1 ,2-ethylenedioxy; phenyl (Ph) optionally substituted with R°; -O(Ph) optionally substituted with R°; -(CH2) i- 2(Ph), optionally substituted with R0; -CH=CH(Ph), optionally substituted with R°; -NO2; - CN; -N(R°)2; -NR0C(O)R0; -NR°C(O)N(R°)2; -NR0CO2R0; -NR0NR0C(O)R0; - NR°NR°C(O)N(R°)2; -NR0NR0CO2R0; -C(O)C(O)R0; -C(O)CH2C(O)R0; -CO2R0; -C(O)R0; -C(O)N(R1O2; -OC(O)N(R°)2; -S(O)2R0; -SO2N(R°)2; -S(O)R0; -NROSO2N(R°)2; -NR0SO2R0; -C(=S)N(R°)2; -C(=NH)-N(R°)2; or -(CH2)o-2NHC(0)R° wherein each independent occurrence of R° is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C]-6 aliphatic, an unsubstituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, phenyl, -O(Ph), or -CH2(Ph), or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of R°, on the same substituent or different substituents, taken together with the atom(s) to which each R° group is bound, form a 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R° are selected from NH2, NH(C].4aliphatic), N(Ci-4aliphatic)2, halo, C i ^aliphatic, OH, O(Ci-4aliρhatic), NO2, CN, CO2H, CO2(C ^aliphatic), 0(ImIoCi-4 aliphatic), or haloCj ^aliphatic, wherein each of the foregoing C ^aliphatic groups of R° is unsubstituted.
[0020] An aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents on the saturated carbon of an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring are selected from those listed above for the unsaturated carbon of an aryl or heteroaryl group and additionally include the following: =O, =S, =NNHR*, =NN(R*)2, =NNHC(O)R*, =NNHCO2(alkyl), =NNHSO2(alkyl), or =NR*, where each R* is independently selected from hydrogen or an optionally substituted C\s aliphatic. Optional substituents on the aliphatic group of R are selected from NH2, NH(Ci-4 aliphatic), N(Ci-4 aliphatic)2, halo, Ci-4 aliphatic, OH3 0(Ci-4 aliphatic), NO2, CN, CO2H5 CO2(Ci-4 aliphatic), O(halo C,4 aliphatic), or halo(CM aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing C [^aliphatic groups of R* is unsubstituted. [0021] Optional substituents on the nitrogen of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring are selected from -R+, -N(R+)2, -C(O)R+, -CO2R+, -C(O)C(O)R+, -C(O)CH2C(O)R+, -SO2R+, -SO2N(R+)2, -C(=S)N(R+)2, -C(=NH)-N(R+)2, or -NR+SO2R+; wherein R+ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1.6 aliphatic, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted -O(Ph), optionally substituted -CH2(Ph), optionally substituted -(CH2)L2(Ph); optionally substituted - CH=CH(Ph); or an unsubstituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring having one to four heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences OfR+, on the same substituent or different substituents, taken together with the atom(s) to which each R+ group is bound, form a 3-8- membered cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Optional substituents on the aliphatic group or the phenyl ring of R+ are selected from NH2, NH(CM aliphatic), N(Cj-4 aliphatic)2, halo, C]-4 aliphatic, OH, 0(Ci-4 aliphatic), NO2, CN, CO2H, CO2(C]-4 aliphatic), O(halo C]-4 aliphatic), or halo(C].4 aliphatic), wherein each of the foregoing Ci^aliphatic groups ofR+ is unsubstituted.
[0022] The term "spirocyclic ring system" refers to a moiety comprising two or more rings, wherein at least one ring has two points of attachment to another ring through a common carbon ring atom.
[0023] As detailed above, in some embodiments, two independent occurrences of R° (or R+, or any other variable similarly defined herein), are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound to form a 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Exemplary rings that are formed when two independent occurrences of R° (or R+, or any other variable similarly defined herein) are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound include, but are not limited to the following: a) two independent occurrences of R° (or R+, or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to the same atom and are taken together with that atom to form a ring, for example, N(R°)2, where both occurrences of R° are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl group; and b) two independent occurrences of R0 (or R+, or any other variable similarly defined herein) that are bound to different atoms and are taken together with both of those atoms to form a ring, for example where a phenyl group is
substituted with two occurrences of OR0
Figure imgf000009_0001
these two occurrences of R0 are taken together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bound to form a fused 6-membered
oxygen containing ring:
Figure imgf000009_0002
It will be appreciated that a variety of other rings can be formed when two independent occurrences of R0 (or R+, or any other variable similarly defined herein) are taken together with the atom(s) to which each variable is bound and that the examples detailed above are not intended to be limiting.
[0024] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays. [0025] The term "aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-" and similar such terms mean that the aryl group is linked to the core molecule by a Cl to C6 aliphatic linker. For instance, the term "aryl-C2- alkyl- means a -CH2CH2Ph group or a phenylethyl group is attached to the core molecule. [0026] In one embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of formula I:
Figure imgf000010_0001
wherein:
X is S, SO, or SO2;
Z1 is a bond or NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), OrNR7C(O)NR7, wherein R7 is hydrogen, Cl- C4 aliphatic or C(O)Cl -C4 aliphatic;
Z2 is a bond, O, CH2O, or C(O); ring A is phenyl or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or a 10-14 membered bicyclic heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring has 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; wherein:
Z2 is a bond, Z1 is a bond, NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), OrNR7C(O)NR7; or wherein:
Z1, Z2, and R6 are absent, ring A is not aromatic, and ring A together with ring B form a spirocyclic ring system;
R6 is hydrogen or C1-C4 aliphatic; m is 1-3; n is 1-3; provided that m+n is <4;
Rγ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heterocyclyl-Cl-C6 aliphatic- or cycloaliphatic-Cl-C6 aliphatic-; wherein Rγ is optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents;
Rx is hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, wherein Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents; or two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two R is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents; Rz is absent, hydrogen, CN, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), halo, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, or heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic;
=^= is a single or a double bond; provided that when it is a double bond, then Rz and one of Rw is absent; each Rw is independently absent, hydrogen, halo, oxo, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -O-(halo-Cl -C6 aliphatic), aryl, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, C3-C7 cycloaliphatic; or two Rw taken together form an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring formed by two Rw is optionally substituted with up to 5 R5 substituents; wherein each occurrence of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is independently Q-RM; wherein Q is a bond or is a C1-C6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by CO, CO2, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO5 NRCO, NRCO2, NRCONR, SO, SO2, NRSO2, SO2NR, NRSO2NR, O, S, or NR; wherein each occurrence of RM is independently selected from R', halogen, NO2, CN, OR', SR', N(R')2, NR3C(O)R', NR'C(O)N(R')2, NR5CO2R', C(O)R', CO2R', OC(O)R', C(O)N(R')2, OC(O)N(R')2, SOR', SO2R', SO2N(R')2, NR5SO2R', NR'SO2N(R')2, C(O)C(O)R', or C(O)CH2C(O)R'; wherein each occurrence of R is independently selected from hydrogen or a Ci .6 aliphatic group optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of Rκ; and each occurrence of Rκ is independently selected from -Rv, halogen, -NO2, -CN, -ORV, -SRV, -N(RV)2, -NRVCORV, -NRVCON(RV)2, -NRVCO2RV, -CORV, -CO2RV, -OCORV, -CON(R v)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RV)2, -SORV, -SO2RV, -SO2N(RV)2, -NRVSO2RV, -NRVSO2N(RV)2, -COCORV, -COCH2CORV, -OP(O)(ORV)2, -P(O)(ORV)2, -OP(O)2ORV, -P(O)2ORV, -PO(RV)2, or -OPO(RV)2, wherein Rv is hydrogen or unsubstituted C)-6 aliphatic; and wherein each occurrence of R' is independently hydrogen, a Ci-6 aliphatic group optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of RM 1; and each occurrence of RM I is independently selected from -Rτ, halogen, -NO2, -CN, -ORT, -SRT, -N(RT)2, -NRTCORT, -NRTCON(RT)2, -NRTCO2RT, -CORτ, -CO2RT, -OCORT, -CON(RT)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RT)2, -SORT, -SO2R1", -SO2N(RT)2, -NRTSO2RT, -NRTSO2N(RT)2, -COCORT, -COCH2COR1", -OP(O)(ORT)2, -P(O)(ORT)2, -OP(O)2OR7", -P(O)2ORT, -PO(RT)2, or -OPO(RT)2, wherein RT is hydrogen or unsubstituted Cμβ aliphatic; or R' is a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur wherein said monocyclic or bicyclic ring is optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of Ru; and each occurrence of Ru is independently selected from a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring optionally substituted with 0-3 occurrences of -RQI and having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or Ru is -R^, halogen, =O, =NRQ, -NO2, -CN, -ORQ, -SRQ, -N(RQ)2, -NRQCORQ, -NRQCON(RQ)2, -NRQCO2RQ, -CORQ, -CO2RQ, -OCORQ, -CON(RQ)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RQ)2, -SORQ, -SO2RQ, -SO2N(RQ)2, -NRQSO2RQ, -NRQSO2N(RQ)2, -COCORQ, -COCH2CORQ, -OP(O)(ORQ)2, -P(O)(ORQ)2, -OP(O)2ORQ, -P(O)2ORQ, -PO(RQ)2, or -OPO(RQ)2, wherein R^ and R^- are hydrogen or unsubstituted Cue aliphatic; or R and R , two occurrences of R, or two occurrences of R , are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form a 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur wherein said monocyclic or bicyclic ring is optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of R ; and each occurrence of RTI is independently selected from -Rs, halogen, =O, =NRS, -NO2, -CN, - ORS, -SRS, -N(RS)2, -NRSCORS, -NRSCON(RS)2, -NRSCO2RS, -CORS, -CO2RS, -OCORS, -CON(RS)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RS)2, -SORS, -SO2RS, -SO2N(RS)2, -NRSSO2RS, -NRSSO2N(RS)2, -COCORS, -COCH2CORS, -OP(O)(ORS)2, -P(O)(ORS)2, -OP(O)2ORS, -P(O)2ORS, -PO(RS)2, or -OPO(RS)2, wherein Rs is hydrogen or unsubstituted Ci-6 aliphatic. [0027] In one embodiment of formula I, Z2 is a bond, R6 is hydrogen, and Z1 is a bond. [0028] In another embodiment of formula I, Z2 is a bond, R6 is hydrogen, and Z1 is NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), OrNR7C(O)NR7.
[0029] In one embodiment of formula I, Z2-Rδ is other than hydrogen and Z1 is a bond. [0030] In one embodiment of formula I, Z2-R6 is other than hydrogen and Z1 is NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O)5 Or NR7C(O)NR7.
[0031] In one embodiment of formula I, =-^= is a single bond.
[0032] In one embodiment of formula I, =^= is a single bond and both of Rw are hydrogen. [0033] In one embodiment of formula I, Rz, if present, is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or - O-Cl -C6 alkyl. [0034] In one embodiment of formula I, Rz, if present, is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
10035] In one embodiment of formula I, at least one Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl or
-O-Cl-C6 alkyl.
[0036] In one embodiment of formula I, at least one Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
[0037] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rw is hydrogen and the other Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
[0038] In one embodiment of formula T, one of Rw is hydrogen and the other Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
[0039] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, -Cl -C4 alkoxy, -Cl -C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
[0040] In one embodiment of formula I3 Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,
3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 1-
(methoxy carbonyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, l-(hydroxy rnethyl)-3-methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-
(diethylamino)ethyl, 1 -methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3 -trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3, 3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
[0041] In one embodiment of formula ϊ, Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl,
3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-propyl.
[0042J In one embodiment of formula 1, Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted Cl -C6 aliphatic-.
[0043] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted Cl -C6 alkyl-.
[0044] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
[0045] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is pyridyl (C1-C6)- alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl
(C1-C6 alkyl)-, or N-(Cl -C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl-C6 alkyl)-.
[0046] In one embodiment of formula I, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridin-3-yl-methyl-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, 1 H-indazol-5-yl, or 2-(N- methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl-.
[0047] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic- each optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
S. [0048] In one embodiment of formula I, Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
[0049] In one embodiment of formula I, one R is hydrogen and the other R is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 Ru substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
[0050] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
S.
[0051] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
[0052] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-f-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin-l-yl)piperidine, pyridyl
(1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-l-yl, or l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-l-yl.
[0053] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-f-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-^-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, A- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-/7-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin-l-yl)piperidine, pyridyl
(1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-l -yl.
[0054] In one embodiment of formula I, one R is hydrogen and the other R is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from
C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-C1-C6 aliphatic, or -S(O)2-Cl-Co aliphatic.
[0055] In one embodiment of formula I, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
[0056] In one embodiment of formula I, said Rx is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2iϊ-thiopyranyl, 9Η-ftuoren-9- yl or piperidinyl.
[0057] In one embodiment of formula I, two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents. [0058] In one embodiment of formula I, said ring system is selected from 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl. [0059] In another embodiment of formula I, said compound is of formula I-A:
Figure imgf000015_0001
I-A; wherein: ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring that forms a spirocyclic ring system with said piperidine ring through carbon atom CA, wherein ring A is optionally fused with a phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, has up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents;
R1, Rx, Rγ, Rz, Rw, and X are as defined herein. 7
[0060] In one embodiment of formula I- A, = is a single bond and R , if present, is hydrogen.
[ [00006611]] IInn o < ne embodiment of formula I-A, =^= is a single bond and Rz is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-
C1-C6 alkyl-, or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
[ [00006622]] IInn oonnee eemmbbooddiimmeenπt of formula I-A, Rz, if present, is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
[0063] In one embodiment of formula I-A, at least one Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-Cl-C6 alkyl.
[0064] In one embodiment of formula I-A, at least one Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
[0065] In one embodiment of formula I- A3 =■=■= is a single bond, one Rw is hydrogen and the other Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
10066J in one embodiment of formula I-A, one Rw is hydrogen and the other Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
[0067] In one embodiment of formula I-A, =■=■= is a single bond and each Rw is hydrogen.
[0068] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
[0069} In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3-methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylammo)ethyl, 1 -methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
[0070] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-proρyl.
[0071] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
[0072] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
[0073] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
[0074] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is pyridyl (Cl -C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl
(Cl -C6 alkyl)-, N-(C 1-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl-C6 alkyl)-. [0075] In one embodiment of formula I- A3 Rγ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridm-3-yl- methyl-, ρyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl -ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, lH-indazol-5-yl, or 2-
(N-methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl-.
[0076] In one embodiment of formula I-A, RY is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic- optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
S.
[0077] In one embodiment of formula I-A, Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-5 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
[0078] In one embodiment of formula I-A, =^= is a single bond, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 3 Rυ substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
[0079] In one embodiment of formula I-A, one R is hydrogen and the other R is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R5 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O3 or S.
[0080] In one embodiment of formula I-A, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
[0081] In one embodiment of formula I-A, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-J-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1 -yl,.4-ϊ-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l -//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin-l -yl)piperidine, pyridyl
(l~methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-l -yl, or l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-l-yl.
[0082] In one embodiment of formula I-A, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl- piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin- 1 yl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-Mjutoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-ρiperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
Page lδ of 153 1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin-l-yl)piperidine, pyridyl
(l-methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-l-yl, l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-l-yl.
[0083] In one embodiment of formula I-A, one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from
C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-Cό aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-Cl-Co aliphatic, or -S(O)2-Cl-Co aliphatic.
[0084] In one embodiment of formula I-A, at least one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is a
C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
[0085] In one embodiment of formula I-A, said Rx is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2ic-r-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2//-thiopyranyl, 9H-fluoren-9- yl or piperidinyl.
[0086] In one embodiment of formula I-A, =■=•= is a single bond, two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O,
S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents.
[0087] In one embodiment of formula I-A, said ring system is selected from 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2Jf/-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
[0088] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
A-iii or A-iv;
wherein: p is 0-2; q is 0-2; provided that p+q <2; each of WA and WB is independently selected from NR1, O, S, SO, SO2, C(R')2, or =CR' (when p or q is 2);
WE is -C(R1 )2, =C(R'K =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(R1 )2, ^=C(R1)-, =N-, or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-; ring Bl is a phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; and
R1 is as defined herein.
[0089] In another embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A has formula A-i. [0090] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A has formula A-ii. [0091] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A has formula A-ϊiϊ. [0092] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A has formula A-iv. [0093] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, both, WE and WF are =C(R'). [0094] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WE is =C(R')- and WF is =N-. [0095] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, p is 0 and q is 0. [0096] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, p is 1 and q is 0. [0097] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, p is 0 and q is 2. [0098] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WA is NR1. [0099] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WA is O. [00100] In one embodiment of formula 1 or I-A, WA is C(R')2. [00101] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WA is C(R')2 and R1 is hydrogen. [00102] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WB is NR1. [00103] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WB is O. [00104] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WB is C(R')2. Ϊ00105] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, WB is C(Rf)2 and R1 is hydrogen.
[00106] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, p is 2 and WA is C(R1)2-C(RI)2 or -
CR^CR1-.
[00107] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, q is 2 and WB is C(R')2-C(Rl)2 or -
CR'=CR'-.
[00108] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000020_0001
A-i-a A-i-b A-i-c A-i-d A-i-h
Figure imgf000020_0002
A-i-i A-i-j A-i-k or A-i-1; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00109] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000020_0003
A-i-e A-i-f or A-i-g; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00110] In one embodiment of formula I or I-A, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000020_0004
A-ii-a A-ii-b A-ii-c or A-ii-d; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00111] In one embodiment of formula 1 or 1-A, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000021_0001
A-ii-e A-ii-f A-ii-g A-ii-h
Figure imgf000021_0002
A-ii-i or A-ii-j; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R substituents.
[00112] In another embodiment of formula I or I- A, the compound is of formula I-B:
Figure imgf000021_0003
I B; wherein ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring optionally fused with an phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, contains up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents;
R1, Rx, Rγ, and X are as defined herein.
[00113] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH3 C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl -C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
[00114] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3 ,3 -dimethyl -butyl, 3 -methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3-methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3 -methyl -butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, 1 -methyl -2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
[00115] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-propyl.
[00116] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is C3 -C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
[00117] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
[00118] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
[00119] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is pyridyl (Cl -C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl)-, N-(C1-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl-C6 alkyl)-.
[00120] In one embodiment of formula 1-B, Rγ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridin-3- yl -methyl-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-y]-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-m ethyl-, lH-indazol-5-yl,. or
2- (N-methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl- .
[00121] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic each optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or
S.
[00122] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyI, benzyl, 4- fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
[00123] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rx is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 3 Ru substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected
Figure imgf000022_0001
[00124] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rx is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R3 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O5 or S.
[00125] In one embodiment of formula 1-B5 Rx is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
[00126] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rx is pyridyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4- butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-?-tmtylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-?-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-ρiρeridinyl, 4- efhoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, moφholin-4-yl, l-H-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-
1 -yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l -yl, 4-(piperidin-l -yl)piperidine, pyridyl
(1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl .
[00127] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-C1-C6 aliphatic, or
-S(O)2-Cl-Co aliphatic.
[00128] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Rx is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
[00129] In one embodiment of formula I-B, said fused ring is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2iϊ-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl,
9Η-fluoren-9-yl or piperidinyl.
[00130] In one embodiment of formula I-B, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000023_0001
A-v or A-vi; wherein:
Wc is -C(R ])2, C(O), Or =CR1 r is 0-2;
WD is N or =C-;
WE is -C(R')2, =C(R')-, =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(R')2, =C(R')-, =N-, or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-;
Y is C(O), S(O), or S(O)2; ring Bl is a phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; and =■=■= is a single or a double bond; R1 is as defined herein.
[00131] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Wc is -C(R^2.
[00132] In another embodiment of formula I-B, Wc is =CR! -.
[00133] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Wc is C(O).
[00134] In one embodiment of formula I-B, r is 0.
[00135] In one embodiment of formula I-B, r is 1.
[00136] In one embodiment of formula I-B, r is 2.
[00137] In one embodiment of formula I-B, WD is N.
[00138] In one embodiment of formula I-B, WD is =C-.
[001391 In one embodiment of formula I-B, Y is C(O).
[00140] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Y is S(O).
[00141] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Y is S(O)2.
[00142] In one embodiment of formula I-B, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000024_0001
A-v-a A-v-b A-v-c A-v-d
Figure imgf000024_0002
A-v-e A-v-f A-v-g A-v-h
Figure imgf000024_0003
A-v-i A-v-j or A-v-k; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00143] In one embodiment of formula I-B, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000025_0001
A-vi-a A-vi-b A-vi-c A-vi-d
Figure imgf000025_0002
A-vi-e A-vi-f A-vi-g A-vi-h
Figure imgf000025_0003
or A-vi-I; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
[00144] In one embodiment of formula I-B, ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted ring selected from phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, irnadazolyl, imidazoliπyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl.
[00145] In one embodiment of formula 1-B, in R1, Q is a bond.
[00146] In one embodiment of formula I-B, in R1, Q-RM is Q-R'.
[00147] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Q is present and R is hydrogen.
[00148] In one embodiment of formula I-B, Q is present and R is C1-C6 aliphatic.
[00149] In one embodiment of formula I-B, R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
[00150] In one embodiment of formula I-B, R' is hydrogen.
[00151] In one embodiment of formula I-B, R' is a C1-C8 aliphatic group, optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, or OCHF2, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C8 aliphatic is optionally replaced with -CO-,
-CONH(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-
C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(Cl-
C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-> or -N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-. [00152] In one embodiment of formula I-B, R' is a 3-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-.
[00153] In one embodiment of formula I-B, R' is an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-.
[00154] In one embodiment of formula I-B, two occurrences of R' are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-> or -N(Cl-C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-. [00155] In one embodiment, compounds of the present invention include those in Table 1 and Table IA.
[00156] In another embodiment, compounds of the present invention include those in
Table 1.
[00157] In another embodiment, compounds of the present invention include those in
Table IA.
[00158] In another embodiment, compounds of the present invention include those in
Table IA and Table 1 except for compound numbers 85, 97, and 105. [00159] In another embodiment, compounds of the present invention include those in
Table 1 except for compound numbers 85, 97, and 105.
[00160] In one embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of formula F:
Figure imgf000027_0001
r ; wherein:
X is S, SO, or SO2;
Z is present or absent; wherein: when Z is present, then ring A is attached to ring B through a single bond; when Z is absent, then ring A together with ring B forms a spirocyclic ring system; ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or a 10-14 membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring, wherein ring A has 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 R substituents; tn is 1-3; n is 1-3; provided that m+n is ≤A;
Rγ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-aliphatic, or cycloaliphatic-aliphatic; wherein Rγ is optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents;
Rx is hydrogen, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, wherein Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents; or two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 R3 substituents; wherein said ring formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 • substituents; Rz is absent, hydrogen, CN, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), halo, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, or heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic;
=^= is a single or a double bond; provided that when it is a double bond, then Rz and one of Rw is absent;
Rw is independently hydrogen, halo, oxo, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O- Cl -C6 aliphatic, O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), aryl, aryl-Cl -C6 aliphatic, C3-C7 cycloaliphatic; or two Rw taken together form an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring formed by two Rw is optionally substituted with up to 5 R5 substituents; wherein each occurrence of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is independently Q-RM; wherein Q is a bond or is a Ci-Cg aliphatic chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of Q are optionally replaced by CO, CO2, COCO, CONR, OCONR, NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO2, NRCONR, SO, SO2, NRSO2, SO2NR7 NRSO2NR, O, S, or NR; wherein each occurrence of RM is independently selected from R', halogen, NO2, CN, OR', SR', N(R')2, NR'C(O)R\ NR'C(O)N(R')2, NR7CO2R', C(O)R', CO2R', OC(O)R', C(O)N(R')2, OC(O)N(R')2, SOR', SO2R', SO2N(R')2, NR'SO2R5, NR'SO2N(R')2, C(O)C(O)R', or C(O)CH2C(O)R', wherein each occurrence of R is independently selected from hydrogen or an optionally substituted Ci-O aliphatic group; wherein each occurrence of R' is independently selected from hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-8 aliphatic, C6-Io aryl, a heteroaryl ring having 5-10 ring atoms, or a heterocyclyl ring having 3-10 ring atoms, or wherein R and R' taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or two occurrences of R' taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, form a 5-8 membered cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[00161] In one embodiment, =•=•= is a double bond and Rz and one of Rw is absent;
[00162J In another embodiment, ^-= is a single bond. In another embodiment, one or
Rw is hydrogen and the other is not. In another embodiment, both of Rw are hydrogen. [00163] In one embodiment, m is 1 and n is 1. In another embodiment, m is 1 and n is
2. Or, m is 2 and n is 1. Or, m is 2 and n is 2. [00164] In another embodiment, Rz.is C1-C6 alkyl or halo.-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, Rz is -O-
C1-C6 alkyl. Exemplary Rz include fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe, OEt, etc.
[00165] In another embodiment, Rw is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, Rw is -
O-C1-C6 alkyl. Exemplary Rw include fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe,
OEt, etc.
[00166] In another embodiment, two Rw, taken together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted C3-C9 cycloalkyl or a 3-9 membered heterocyclyl ring. Exemplary such rings include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
[00167] In one embodiment, Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino.
Exemplary embodiments include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3- dimethyl -butyl, 3 -methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 1-
(methoxy carbonyl)-3-methyl -butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3 -methyl -butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-
(diethylamino)ethyl, 1 -methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
[00168] In another embodiment, Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. In one embodiment, Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl. Exemplary embodiments include cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclohexylethyl.
[00169] In another embodiment, Rγ is pyridyl (C1-C6) alkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl), N-(Cl -C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl -C6 alkyl). Exemplary embodiments include tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-yl-rnetb.yl, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl, pyridin-4-yl-methyl, lH-indazol-5-yl, or 2-(N-methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl.
[00170] In another embodiment, Rγ is optionally substituted phenyl or (optionally substituted phenyl)-substituted C1-C6 aliphatic. Exemplary embodiments include phenyl,
2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenyIm ethyl, or phenylethyl.
[00171] In one embodiment, both Rx are hydrogen.
[00172] In one embodiment, Rx is a phenyl or a heteroaryl, such as pyridyl, wherein said phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with an optionally substituted 3-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N. Exemplary Rx include phenyl, pyridyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4- rnethyl-piperazin-1-yl, 4-/-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin- 1 -yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-//-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl or pyridyl. [00173] In another embodiment, Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substitueπts independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl- C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, aralkyloxy, di (C1-C6 aliphatic)amino, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, S(O)-C 1-C6 aliphatic, or S(O)2-Cl-Co aliphatic. [00174] In another embodiment, Rx is an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl ring. Exemplary rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H"-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2Hr-thiopyranyl, 9Η-fluoren-9-yl, piperidinyl, etc.
[00175] In another embodiment, two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-9 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring. Exemplary embodiments include 9H-fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2Λr-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
[00176] In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of formula
I'-A:
Figure imgf000030_0001
I'-A; wherein: ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring that forms a spirocyclic ring system with said piperidine ring through carbon atom CA, wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally fused with an optionally substituted phenyl or heteroaryl ring; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents;
R1, Rx, Rγ, Rz, Rw, and X are as defined above.
[00177] In one embodiment, =-=^= is a double bond and Rz and one of Rw is absent;
[00178] In another embodiment, =•=■= is a single bond. [00179} In another embodiment, Rz is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, Rz is -O-
C1-C6 alkyl. Exemplary Rz include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe, OEt, etc. [00180] In another embodiment, Rw is C1-C6 alkyl or halo-Cl-C6 alkyl. Or, Rw is -
O-C1-C6 alkyl. Exemplary Rw include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe, OEt, etc. [00181] In another embodiment, two Rw, taken together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted C3-C9 cycloalkyl or a 3-9 membered heterocyclyl ring. Exemplary such rings include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. [00182] In one embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000031_0001
A-i A-ii;
Figure imgf000031_0002
A-iii or A-iv; wherein: p is 0-2; q is 0-2; provided that p+q <2; each ofWA and WB is independently selected from NR1, O, S, SO, SO2, C(R')2, or =CR' (when p or q is 2);
WE is -C(R')2, =C(R!)-, =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(R')2, =C(R1)-, =N-5 or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-; ring Bl is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring;
R1 is as defined above.
[00183] In one embodiment, ring A has formula A-i. In another embodiment, ring A has formula A-ii. Or, ring A has formula A-iii. Or, ring A has formula A-iv. [00184] In one embodiment, both, WE and WF are =C(Rf). In another embodiment,
WE is =C(R1)- and WF is =N-.
[00185] In one embodiment, p is 0 and q is 0. In another embodiment, p is 1 and q is
0. In another embodiment, p is 0 and q is 1. In yet another embodiment, both p and q are 1.
Or, p is 0 and q is 2. Or, p is 2 and q is 0.
[00186J In one embodiment, WA is NR1. In another embodiment, WA is O. Or, WA is
C(R^2. hi one embodiment R1- is hydrogen.
[00187] In one embodiment, WB is NR1. In another embodiment, WB is O. Or, WB is
C(R')2. In one embodiment R1 is hydrogen.
[00188] In another embodiment, p is 2 and WA is C(R1)2-C(RI)2 or -CR1^=CR1-.
[00189] In another embodiment, q is 2 and WB is
Figure imgf000032_0001
or -CR^CR1-.
[00190] In one embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000032_0002
A-i-i A-i-j A-i-k or A-i-1; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substitucnts. [00191] In another embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000032_0003
A-i-e A-i-f or A-i-g; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00192] In another embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000033_0001
A-iira A-ii-b A-ii-c or A-ϋ-d; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00193] In another embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000033_0002
A-ii-e A-ii-f A-ii-g A-ii-h
Figure imgf000033_0003
A-ii-i or A-ii-j; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
[00194] In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention have formula
F-B:
Figure imgf000033_0004
l'-B; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, contains up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents;
R1, Rx, Rγ, and X are as defined above. [00195] In one embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000034_0001
A-v or A-vi; wherein:
Wc is -C(R')2) C(O), or =CR'-; r is 0-2;
WD is N or =C-;
WE is -C(R')2, =C(R')-, =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(R!)2, =C(R])-, =N-, or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-; ■ Y is C(O), S(O), or S(O)2; ring Bl is an optionally substituted phenyl or a heteroaryl ring;
=•= is a single or a double bond;
R1 is as defined above.
[00196] In one embodiment, Wc is -C(R^2- Or3 W0 Is =CR1-. Or5 Wc is C(O).
[00197] Tn one embodiment, r is 0. Or, r is 1. Or, r is 2.
[00198] In another embodiment, WD is N. Or, WD is =C-.
[00199] In one embodiment, Y is C(O). Or, Y is S(O). Or, Y is S(O)2.
[00200] In one embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000034_0002
A-v-a A-v-b A-v-c A-v-d
Figure imgf000034_0003
A-v-e A-v-f A-v-g A-v-h
Figure imgf000035_0001
A-v-i A-v-j or A-v-k; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents. [00201] In one embodiment, ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000035_0002
A-vi-a A-vi-b A-vi-c A-vi-d
Figure imgf000035_0003
A-vi-e A-vi-f A-vi-g A-vi-h or
Figure imgf000035_0004
A-vi-I; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
[00202] In one embodiment, ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted ring selected from phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imadazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl.
[00203] In one embodiment Q is absent. In another embodiment, Q-RM is R'.
[00204] In one embodiment, R is hydrogen. Or, R is Cl -C6 aliphatic. Exemplary R includes C1-C6 alkyl, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
[00205] In one embodiment, R' is hydrogen.
[00206] In one embodiment, R' is a C1-C8 aliphatic group, optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, or OCHF2, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C8 aliphatic is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl -CA alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
[00207] In one embodiment, R' is a 3-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or - N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
[00208J In one embodiment, R' is an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicycHc ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
[00209] In one embodiment, two occurrences of R' are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, - CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl- C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(Cl- C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-. [00210] Exemplary compounds of the present invention are shown in Table 1 and Table IA below. Table 1:
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Page 39 of 153
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000060_0001
Table IA:
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000062_0001
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
[00211] Compounds of the present invention may be readily prepared by methods well known in the art. Synthetic schemes for preparing the compounds of the present invention are shown below for illustrative purposes. [00212] Scheme 1: Preparation of compounds of formula I:
Figure imgf000077_0001
Amine Core Thiazolidinone Acid I'
Core a) HATU, D'PEA, DMF, RT, 16 h.
[00213] Compounds of formula I are prepared as shown in Scheme 1 above, wherein an amine core, containing the ring A, and the thiazolidinone acid core are combined under suitable conditions to provide compounds of formula I. [00214] Scheme IA: Preparation of compounds of formula I:
Figure imgf000077_0002
Amine Core Thiazolidinone Acid (I)
Core
[00215] Scheme 2: Preparation of thiazolidinone core acid (Acid-I):
Figure imgf000077_0003
a) DMF or Toluene or benzene, 4 A molecular sieves, 80 0C3 1 -2 h b) Mercaptosuccinic acid, 80 °C, 16 h
[00216] Scheme 3: Preparation of thiazolidinone core acid (Acid-II):
Figure imgf000078_0001
Figure imgf000078_0002
a) EtOH / H2SO4, 800C, 24 h b) LiHMDS, THF, 15 min, then RW-LG, 0 0C to RT, 16 h NaOH (aq.), MeOH; wherein LG is a suitable leaving group.
[00217] Scheme 4: Preparation of thiazolidinone core acid (Acid-III):
Figure imgf000078_0003
Figure imgf000078_0004
III) a) BOP, D'PEA, THF, 6 h, then NaBH4, RT b) LiCl, LiHMDS, RZ-LG, -78 C 0C to -400C; wherein LG is a suitable leaving group c) Jones oxidation, 00C
[00218] ■ Scheme 5: Preparation of thiazolidinone core acid (Acid-IV):
Figure imgf000079_0001
Figure imgf000079_0002
[00219] Scheme 6: Preparation of thiazolidinone core acid (Acid V):
Figure imgf000079_0003
a) mCPBA, CHCl3, 0 °C to RT, 16 h
[00220] Scheme 7: Preparation of Amine core (C- A-i-d):
Figure imgf000079_0004
a) 4-Methoxybenzylchloride, TEA, DMF b) tert-butyl bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate, LDA, THF c) TFA / DCM
[00221] Amine core C-A-i-e, wherein ring A is A-i-e (see, supra) can be prepared using the method of Scheme 7.
[00222] Scheme 8: Preparation of Amine core C-A-ii-c:
Figure imgf000080_0001
a) Polyphosphoric acid, 100 0C, then, phenylurea, 150 0C b) MeOH, HCl, Pd / C, H2
[00223] Scheme 9: Preparation of Amine core C-A-ii-d:
Figure imgf000080_0002
a) LiHMDS b) TFA / DCM
100224] Scheme 10: Preparation of Amine core C-A-ii-e:
Figure imgf000080_0003
Figure imgf000080_0004
a) NaHMDS b) H2, Pd/C c) HCl [00225] Scheme 11: Preparation of Amine core C-A-v-e:
Figure imgf000081_0001
b) CDI or SOCl2 or 1 , 1 '-Sulfonyldiimidazole c) TFA / DCM
[00226] Amine cores C-A-v-a, C-A-v-c, and C-A-v-f, containing ring A embodiments, A-v-a, A-v-c, and A-v-f, respectively, can be readily prepared using the method of Scheme 11. [00227] Scheme 12: Alternative Preparation of Amine core C-A-v-e:
Figure imgf000081_0002
a) COCl2 b) Aminoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal c) TFA / DCM
[00228] Scheme 13: Preparation of Amine Core C-A-vi-a:
Figure imgf000081_0003
a) TEA, DCM, RT, 16 h b) CDI, THF / DCM, 16 h. c) TFA / DCM
[00229] Scheme 14: Preparation of Amne core C-A-vi-c:
Figure imgf000082_0001
a) TEA, DCM, RT, 16 h b) 1 ,1 '-Sulfonyldiimidazole, THF / DCM. c) TFA / DCM
[00230] Scheme 15: Preparation of Amine Core C-A-vi-f:
Figure imgf000082_0002
a) PPh3, CBr4, DCM, O 0C to RT, overnight b) NaN35 H2O5 CH3CN c) 1 ) PPh3, toluene, RT5 16 hours;
2) Acetic acid / 48% HBr in Acetic acid, 100 0C Ih. d) tert-bntyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate, NaBH(OAc)3, AcOH, DMF e) CDI5 THF 0 TFA / DCM
[00231] Scheme 16: Preparation of Amine Core A-v-e:
Figure imgf000083_0001
a) DCM5D1PEA b) NaOCN5AcOH, c) TFA /DCM
[00232] Scheme 17: Preparation of Amine Core A-v-f:
Figure imgf000083_0002
a) H2,Pd/C,MeOH [00233] Scheme 18: Preparation of Amine Core A-v-g:
Figure imgf000083_0003
a) H2NNHBoC5EtOH b) PtO25AcOH5H2 c) TFA d) D1PEA5THF e) Et2NH5THF
[00234] Scheme 19: Preparation of Amine Core A-vi-h:
Figure imgf000084_0001
(00235] Scheme 20: Preparation of Amine Core A-vi-i:
Figure imgf000084_0002
(A-vi-i) a) 2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl amine, DMA, TEA b) LiAlH35 THF c) tert-butyl 4-oxopiρeridine-l-carboxylate, NaBH(OAc)3, AcOH, DCE d) CDI, DMF e) TFA / DCM
[00236] Scheme 21: Preparation of Amine Core A-ii-h:
Figure imgf000085_0001
g, h
Figure imgf000085_0002
a) NaH5 SEM-Cl1 DMF . b) Pyridinehydrobromide perbromide, dioxane c) Zn5 AcOH d) cis-l,4-dichlorobut-2-ene, Cs2CO3, DMF e) TFA / DCM f) OsO4, Me3N-O7 DCM g) NaIO4, EtOH, H2O h) NH4OH5 H2, Pd/C
[00237] Scheme 22: Preparation of Amine Core A-ii-i:
Figure imgf000085_0003
a) NaHMDS5 BOC2O5 THF b) nBuLi, TMEDA, benzyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate, THF c) H2, Pd/C d) EtOH
[00238J Scheme 23: Preparation of Amine Core A-i-h:
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000086_0002
A-i-h a) KHMDS, allyϊbromide, THF b) O3, MeOH, DCM5 then Me2S c) 'BuSONH2, CuSO4, DCE d) PhLi3 Et2O e) HCl5 MeOH
[00239] Scheme 24: Preparation of Amine Core A-ii-j:
Figure imgf000086_0003
A-ii-j a) (2-Methoxy-2-oxoethyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium chloride, benzene b) DBU, DMF c) 3-Bromo-2-aminopyridine, AlMe3, DCE d) NaH5 SEM-Cl3 THF e) Pd('Bu3)2, dicyclohexylmethylamine, dioxane f) TFA g) H2, Pd/C
[00240] Scheme 25: Preparation of Amine Core A-H:
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000087_0002
A-i-i a) EDC, HOBt3 NH3, TEA, DMF b) H2, Pd/C, EtOH c) l-(Trimethoxymethyl)benzene, toluene d) TFA / DCM
[00241] Scheme 26: Preparation of Amine Core A-i-j:
Figure imgf000087_0003
A-i-j a) 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine, TMSCN b) H2, Rh/alumina c) CDI d) TFA / DCM e) H2, Pd/C
[00242] Scheme 27: Preparation of Amine Core A-i-k:
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000088_0002
A-i-k a) 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine, TMSCN b) H2SO4 c) I)KOH
2) H2SO4, KOH d) LiAlH4 e) CDI f) I)TFA /DCM 2) H2, Pd/C
[00243] Scheme 28: Preparation of Amine Core A-i-1:
Figure imgf000089_0001
Figure imgf000089_0002
a) TMSCN b) LiAlH4 c) COCl2 d) I) TFA / DCM 2) H2, Pd/C
[00244] Amine core A-i-a may be prepared according to the method disclosed in
WO2005097795. Amine core A-ii-a may be prepared according to the method disclosed in US2006293281. Amine core A-ii-a wherein the fused 6-membered ring is pyridyl may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2007016087. Amine core A-v-b may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2006044504. Amine core A-v-i may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2006044504. Amine core A-vi-b as the HCl salt may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2005056550. Amine core A-vi-d may be prepared according to the method disclosed in Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34(5), pp. 1907-1916 (1986). Amine core A-vi-e is commercially available. Amine core A-v-h may be prepared according to the method disclosed in WO2007016087. Other amine cores not described in the schemes, experimentals, or referenced herein, can be prepared by methods known to one of skill in the art.
[00245] It will also be appreciated that certain of the compounds of present invention can exist in free form for treatment, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. According to the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adduct or derivative which upon administration to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a compound as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
[00246] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" means any non-toxic salt or salt of an ester of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an active metabolite or residue thereof. As used herein, the term "active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an antagonist of CGRP.
[00247] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S.
M. Berge, et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2- naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(C)-4alkyl)4 salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersable products may be obtained by such quaternization. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
[00248] As described above, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes, any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene- block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil; safflower oil; sesame oil; olive oil; corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of the formulator. [00249] The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
[00250] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
[00251] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
[00252] The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use. [00253] In order to prolong the effect of a compound of the present invention, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the compound then depends upon its rate of dissolution that, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues. [00254] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
[00255] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar— agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents. [00256] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard- filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like. [00257] The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
[00258] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, eardrops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms are prepared by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel. [00259] It will also be appreciated that the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention can be employed in combination therapies, that is, the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. The particular combination of therapies (therapeutics or procedures) to employ in a combination regimen will take into account compatibility of the desired therapeutics and/or procedures and the desired therapeutic effect to be achieved. It will also be appreciated that the therapies employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder (for example, an inventive compound may be administered concurrently with another agent used to treat the same disorder), or they may achieve different effects (e.g., control of any adverse effects). As used herein, additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition, are known as "appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated". For example, exemplary additional therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to: nonopioid analgesics (indoles such as Etodolac, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin; naphthylalkanones such sa Nabumetone; oxicams such as Piroxicam; para-aminophenol derivatives, such as Acetaminophen; propionic acids such as Fenoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen, Naproxen sodium, Oxaprozin; salicylates such as Asprin, Choline magnesium trisalicylate, Diflunisal; fenamates such as meclofenamic acid, Mefenamic acid; and pyrazoles such as Phenylbutazone); or opioid (narcotic) agonists (such as Codeine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Levorphanol, Meperidine, Methadone, Morphine, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Propoxyphene, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Dezocine, Nalbuphine, and Pentazocine). Additionally, nondrug analgesic approaches may be utilized in conjunction with administration of one or more compounds of the invention. For example, anesthesiologic (intraspinal infiision, neural blocade), neurosurgical (neurolysis of CNS pathways), neurostimulatory (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, dorsal column stimulation), physiatric (physical therapy, orthotic devices, diathermy), or psychologic (cognitive methods-hypnosis, biofeedback, or behavioral methods) approaches may also be utilized. Additional appropriate therapeutic agents or approaches are described generally in The Merck Manual, Seventeenth Edition, Ed. Mark H. Beers and Robert Berkow, Merck Research Laboratories, 1999, and the Food and Drug Administration website, www.fda.gov, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[00260J The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. Preferably the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
[00261J The compounds of this invention or pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents and catheters. ■ . Accordingly, the present invention, in another aspect, includes a composition for coating an implantable device comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device. In still another aspect, the present invention includes an implantable device coated with a composition comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device. Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are described in US Patents 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121. The coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. The coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccarides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.
[00262] The compounds of the present invention are useful in a method of antagonism of CGRP receptors in a patient such as a mammal in" need of such antagonism comprising the administration of an effective amount of the compound. The present invention is directed to the use of the compounds disclosed herein as antagonists of CGRP receptors. In addition to primates, especially humans, a variety of other mammals can be treated according to the method of the present invention.
[00263] Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for the treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of a disease or disorder in which the CGRP receptor is involved in a patient that comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that is an antagonist of CGRP receptors. [00264] The present invention is further directed to a method for the manufacture of a medicament for antagonism of CGRP receptors activity in humans and animals comprising combining a compound of the present invention with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent. [00265] The subject treated in the present methods is generally a mammal, for example a human being, male or female, in whom antagonism of CGRP receptor activity is desired. The term "therapeutically effective amount" means the amount of the subject compound that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. As used herein, the term "treatment" refers both to the treatment and to the prevention or prophylactic therapy of the mentioned conditions, particularly in a patient who is predisposed to such disease or disorder.
[00266] The ability of the compounds of the present invention to act as CGRP antagonists makes them useful pharmacological agents for disorders that involve CGRP in humans and animals, but particularly in humans.
[00267J The compounds of the present invention have utility in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of one or more of the following conditions or diseases: headache; migraine; cluster headache; chronic tension type headache; pain; chronic pain; neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain; neuropathic pain; eye pain; tooth pain; diabetes; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; vascular disorders; inflammation; arthritis; bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma; shock; sepsis; opiate withdrawal syndrome; morphine tolerance; hot flashes in men and women; allergic dermatitis; encephalitis; brain trauma; epilepsy; neurodegenerative diseases; skin diseases; neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus; inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis; and other conditions that may be treated or prevented by antagonism of CGRP receptors. Of particular importance is the acute or prophylactic treatment of headache, including migraine and cluster headache.
[00268] The compounds of the present invention are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the diseases, disorders and conditions noted herein.
[00269] The compounds of the present invention are further useful in a method for the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of the aforementioned diseases, disorders and conditions in combination with other agents.
[00270] The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with one or more other drugs in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula I or the other drugs may have utility, where the combination of the drugs together are safer or more effective than either drug alone. Such other drug(s) may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of Formula I. When a compound of Formula I is used contemporaneously with one or more other drugs, a pharmaceutical composition in unit dosage form containing such other drugs and the compound of Formula I is preferred. However, the combination therapy may also include therapies in which the compound of Formula I and one or more other drugs are administered on different overlapping schedules. It is also contemplated that when used in combination with one or more other active ingredients, the compounds of the present invention and the other active ingredients may be used in lower doses than when each is used singly. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of Formula I. [00271] For example, the present compounds may be used in conjunction with an antiinflammatory or analgesic agent or an anti-migraine agent, such as an ergotamine or 5- HT. sub.1 agonists, especially a 5-HT.sub.lB/lD agonist, for example sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan, and rizatriptan; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, for example rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, valdecoxib or paracoxib; a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or a cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory agent, for example with a compound such as aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, sulindac, meloxicam, piroxicam, tenoxicam, lornoxicam, ketorolac, etodolac, mefenamϊc acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, diclofenac, oxaprozin, apazone, nimesulide, nabumetone, tenidap, etanercept, tolmetin, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, diflunisal, salsalate, olsalazine or sulfasalazine and the like; or a steroidal analgesic. Similarly, the instant compounds may be administered with a pain reliever such as acetaminophen, phenacetin, codeine, fentanyl, sufentanil, methadone, acetyl methadol, buprenorphine or morphine. [00272] Additionally, the present compounds may be used in conjunction with an interleukin inhibitor, such as an interleukin-1 inhibitor; an NK-I receptor antagonist, for example aprepitant; an NMDA antagonist; an NR2B antagonist; a bradykinin-1 receptor antagonist; an adenosine Al receptor agonist; a sodium channel blocker, for example lamotrigine; an opiate agonist such as levomethadyl acetate or methadyl acetate; a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5 -lipoxygenase; an alpha receptor antagonist, for example indoramin; an alpha receptor agonist; a vanilloid receptor antagonist; an mGluR5 agonist, antagonist or potentiator; a GABA A receptor modulator, for example acamprosate calcium; nicotinic antagonists or agonists including nicotine; muscarinic agonists or antagonists; a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, for example fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, duloxetine, escitalopram, or citalopram; a tricyclic antidepressant, for example amitriptyline, doxepin, protriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine, or imipramine; a leukotriene antagonist, for example montelukast or zafirlukast; an inhibitor of nitric oxide or an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide.
[00273] Also, the present compounds may be used in conjunction with, ergot alkaloids, for example ergotamine, ergonovine, ergonovine, methylergonovine, metergoline, ergoloid mesylates, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocryptine, dihydro-I-ergocryptine, dihydro-.theta.-ergocryptine, ergotoxine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine, I-ergocryptine, .theta.-ergocryptine, ergosine, ergostane, bromocriptine, or methysergide.
[00274] Additionally, the present compounds may be used in conjunction with a beta- adrenergic antagonist such as timolol, propanolol, atenolol, or nadolol, and the like; a MAO inhibitor, for example phenelzine; a calcium channel blocker, for example flunarizine, nimodipine, lomerizine, verapamil, nifedipine, prochlorperazine or gabapentin; neuroleptics such as olanzapine and quetiapine; an anticonvulsant such as topiramate, zonisamide, tonabersat, carabersat or divalproex sodium; an angiotensin II antagonist, for example losartan and candesartan cilexetil; an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor such as lisinopril; or botulinum toxin type A.
[00275] The present compounds may be used in conjunction with a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2-antagonist, simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide; a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, epinephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, propylhexedrine, or levo-desoxy-ephedrine; an antitussive such as codeine, hydrocodone, caramiphen, carbetapentane, or dextromethorphan; a diuretic; a prokinetic agent such as metoclopramide or domperidone, and a sedating or non-sedating antihistamine.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the present compounds are used in conjunction with an anti-migraine agent, such as: an ergotamine; a 5-HT.sub.l agonist, especially a 5- HT.sub.lB/lD agonist, in particular, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eletriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, donitriptan and rizatriptan; and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in particular, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, celecoxib, meloxicam, valdecoxib or paracoxib.
[00276 J The above combinations include combinations of a compound of the present invention not only with one other active compound, but also with two or more other active compounds. Likewise, compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with other drugs that are used in the prevention, treatment, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk.of the diseases or conditions for which compounds of the present invention are useful. ' Such other drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of the present invention. When a compound of the present invention is used contemporaneously with one or more other drugs, a pharmaceutical composition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound of the present invention is preferred. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of the present invention.
[00277] The weight ratio of the compound of the compound of the present invention to the other active ingredient(s) may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the present invention is combined with another agent, the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the other agent will generally range from about 1000:1 to about 1 :1000, or from about 200:1 to about 1 :200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention and other active ingredients will generally also be within the aforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredient should be used.
[00278] In such combinations the compound of the present invention and other active agents may be administered separately or in conjunction. In addition, the administration of one element maybe prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s), and via the same or different routes of administration. [00279] The compounds of the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intraci sternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration. In addition to the treatment of warm-blooded animals the compounds of the invention are effective for use in humans.
[00280] In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this invention in any manner. EXAMPLES
[00281] General LC/MS Methods
[00282] LC/MS data were acquired using a PESciex API-150-EX LC/MS, Shimadzu
LC-8A pumps, Gilson 215 autosampler, Gilson 819 injection module, 3.0 mL/min flow rate, 10-99% CH3CN (0.035 % TFA) / H2O (0.05 % TFA) gradient, Phenomenex Luna 5u Cl 8 column (50 x 4.60 mm), Shimadzu SPD-IOA UV/Vis detector, Cedex 75 ELSD detector. [00283] Mass Spec Method for separating diasteromeric mixtures:
[00284] A Semi-Prep Gilson HPLC was used to purify various diastereomeric mixtures in the present invention using Gilson 322 pumps, a Gilson 215 liquid handler, a Gilson 819 injection module. Flow rate was 15.0 mL/min using a gradient of 20-70% CH3CN (0.1 % TFA) / H2O (0.1 % TFA) on an Agilent Zorbax, SB-Cl 8 column (21.2 x 100 mm, 5um) monitoring with a Gilson 156 UV/Vis detector.
[00285] tert-Butyl 4-(l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenylimidazoI-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate
Figure imgf000101_0001
[00287] tert-Butγl 4-( 1 ,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenylϊmϊdazol-3-yl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate was synthesised as described in J. Med. Chcm., 2005, 48, 5921. A solution of 2-bromo-l- phenylethanone (5 g, 25 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-aminopiperidine-l -carboxylate (6 g, 30 mmol) and D'PEA (9.84 ml, 57.5 ml) in DCM (50 ml) over 1 hour, the reaction mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Sodium cyanate (3.41 g, 52.5 mmol) was added, the reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 0C, the pH was brought to pH 4 with acetic acid and the reaction mixtures was stirred from 0 0C to RT over 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with DCM (3x). Organics combined, washed with water (3x), brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was triturated with ether, filtered and the solid was washed with ether to give a pale yellow solid (4.04 g, 47%). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 344 ; /R = 3.01. [00288] 5-Phenyl-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-imidazol-2(3H)-one
Figure imgf000101_0002
[00290] To a solution of /erf-butyl 4-(l ,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyIimidazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (4 g) in DCM (20 ml) was added TFA (4 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hours. Evaporation gave the TFA salt of the desired product (Quant.). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 244 ; tR = 1.06. [00291] tert-Butyl 4-(2-nitrobenzylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
Figure imgf000102_0001
[00293] A solution of 1 -(bromomethyl)-2-nitrobenzene (13.2 g, 61 mmol) in DCM (60 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of tert-butyl 4-aminopiperidine-l-carboxylate (14.6 g, 73 mmol) and TEA (13.4 ml, 91 mmol) in DCM (100 ml), followed by stirring the reaction mixture for a further 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into water, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was then extracted with DCM (2x). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (2x), brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in EtOAc and filtered through a large plug of silica. The silica was washed with EtOAc until TLC analysis show no further material was eluting. Evaporation gave the product as an orange oil (24g, 74%). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 336 ; tR = 2.23.
[00294] tert-Butyl 4-(2-aminobenzylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
Figure imgf000102_0002
[00296] A solution of tert-Butyl 4-(2-nitrobenzyIamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate (24g,
71.6 rnmol) in MeOH (150 ml) was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 24 hours.
The reaction mixture was filtered and evaporated to give the crude amine, which was used without further purification.
[00297] tei-r-Butyl 4-(l,2-dihydro-2-oxoqumazolin-3(4H)-yl)piperidiiie-l-carboxyIate
Figure imgf000102_0003
[00299] To a solution of tert-buty\ 4-(2-nitrobenzylamino)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate ( 13.2g, 43.2 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added a solution of CDI (7.7g, 47.5 mmol) in 1 : 1 DCM : THF (100 ml) dropwise over 1 hour followed by stirring the reaction mixture for a further 16 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to give an oil that, when treated with EtOAc, precipitated the desired product. The precipitate was washed with cold EtOAc and dried to give a yellow solid (3.5g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 332 ;.tR = 3.01. [00300] 3,4-Dihydro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)quinazolin-2(lH)-one
Figure imgf000103_0001
[00302] To a solution of tert-Butyl 4-(l ,2-dihydro-2-oxoquinazolin-3 (4H)-yl)piperidine- 1 - carboxylate (3.5 g, 10.6 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) was added TFA (15 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated, then co-evaporated with EtOH (2x), to give the TFA salt of the desired product (Quant.). LC/MS (10% to 99%):
M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 232 ; tκ = 0.38.
[00303] l-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-nitrobenzene
Figure imgf000103_0002
[00305] To a solution of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitrobenzene (21 ml, 150 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (39.2 g, 150 mmol) in DCM (400 ml) at 0 0C was add CBr4 (49.5 g, 150 mmol) in portions and the reaction mixture was stirred from 0 0C to RT overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. Na2COa, the layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO.4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was treated with EtOAc and the precipitated Ph3O was filtered and the solvent removed. This was repeated twice more. Purification by column chromatography (0% to 10% EtOAc in Hx) gave an oil that solidified on standing. [00306] 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethanamine
Figure imgf000103_0003
[00308] To a solution of l-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-nitrobenzene (6.96 g, 30.5 mmol) in CH3CN was added a solution OfNaN3 (6 g, 91.6 mmol) in water (20 ml) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 20 hours. The solution was cooled and extracted with DCM (3x). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in toluene (160 ml) and to this was added PPh3 (8 g, 30.5 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and the residue was treated with acetic acid (30 ml) and 48% HBr in acetic acid (30 ml) at 100 0C for Ih. The reaction mixture was cooled, concentrated and extracted with DCM. The aqueous was brought to pH ~10 with NaOH (aq.) and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness (4.2 g).
[00309] feri*-ButyI 4-(2-nitrophenethylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
Figure imgf000104_0001
[00311] A stirred solution of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanarnine (4 g, 24 mmol) and tert-butyl 4- oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (4.8 g, 24 mmol) in MeOH (48 ml) was brought to pH 5 by the addition of acetic acid. NaBH3CN (2.3 g, 36 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was taken up in EtOAc and sat. aq. Na2CO3. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (0% to 7% MeOH in DCM) gave the desired product. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 350 ; tR = 2.22.
[00312] tert-Butyl 4-(2-aminophenethylamino)piperidine-l-carboxy]ate
Figure imgf000104_0002
[00314] To a solution of tert-buty\ 4-(2-nitrophenethylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate (10.5 g) in EtOH (180 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (1.05 g) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT under an atmosphere of H2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the resulting solution was evaporated to dryness giving the desired product (9.6 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 320 ; tκ = 2.06.
[00315] tert-Butyl 4-(l,2,455-tetrahydro-2-oxobenzo[d][l,3]diazepin-3-yl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate
Figure imgf000105_0001
[00317] To a solution of tert-bu.ty\ 4-(2-aminophenethylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
(6.9 g, 30 mmol) in DMF (110 ml) was added CDI (4.86 g, 30 mmol) in portions followed by stirring the reaction mixture at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were combined, washed with water, brine, and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs)
= 346 ; t R = 3.24.
[00318] 4,5-Dihydro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-benzo[d][l,3]diazepin-2(3H)-one
Figure imgf000105_0002
[00320] To a solution of tert-bμtyl 4-(l ,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxobenzo[d][ 1 ,3]diazepin-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (10 g, 2.89 mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added TFA (5 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated, then co- evaporated with EtOH (2x), to give the TFA salt of the desired product (Quant.). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 246 ; /R = 1.75. [00321] tert-Hutyl 4-(2-aminopyridin-3-ylamino)piperidine-l~carboxylate
Figure imgf000105_0003
[00323] To a solution of 2,3-diaminopyridine (3.0 g, 27.5 mmol) in DCE (45 ml) was added tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (5.75 g, 28.8 mmol) and the reaction mixture stirred for 5 min at RT before the portion-wise addition of NaBH(Oac)3 (8.7 g, 41.7 mmol) and continued stirring at RT until the reaction judged complete by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with 5% NaOH, the layers separated and the organic layer was dried over Na2SO4.
Evaporation gave the desired product as a brown solid (4.96 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z
(M+H)+ (obs) = 293 ; tR = 2.31.
[00324] ' tert-Butyl 4-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-l-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate
Figure imgf000106_0001
[00326] To a solution of tert-Butyl 4-(2-aminopyridin-3-ylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate (3.0 g, 10.3 mmol) in CH3CN (206 ml) at RT was added CDI (4.2 g, 25.7 mmol) in portions and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was take up in DCM and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (1-10% MeOH in DCM) gave the desired solid as a beige solid (3.55 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 319 ; *R = 2.31. [00327J l-(Piperidin-4-yl)-lH-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one
[00328]
Figure imgf000106_0002
[00329] A solution of tert-bvtyl 4-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-l- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (3.39 g, 10.7 mmol) in 2N HCl in Et2O (20 ml) was stirred from 0 0C to RT over 2 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue triturated with Et2O, filtered washed with -Et2O and dried to give the bis-HCl Salt of the desired product (2.62 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 219 ; iR = 0.36. [00330] 2-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamino)pyridine-3-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000106_0003
[00332] To a solution of 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine (4.0 g, 28.9 mmol) in DMA (58 ml) was added 2,4-dimethoxybenzealdehyde (5.2 ml, 34.6 mmol) and TEA (4.8 ml (34.6 mmol) and the reaction mixture stirred at 80 0C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with Et2O. The organics were combined, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness. Column chromatography (0.5% to 5% EtOAc (with 0.1% TEA) in DCM) gave the desired product. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 270 ; *R = 3.05. [00333] N-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(aminomethyl)pyridin-2-amine
Figure imgf000107_0001
[00335] A solution of 2-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamino)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (0.55 g, 2.04 mmol) and LiAlH4 (2.2 ml of IN, 4.4 mmol) was stirred at RT until the reaction was judged complete by LCMS. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq. Na2CO3 and the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and the solvents removed under reduced pressure giving the desired product which was used without further purification. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 274 ; /R = 0.28. [00336] ^r/-Butyl-4-((2-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylainino)pyridin-3- yl)methylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
Figure imgf000107_0002
[00338] To a stirred solution of N-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(aminomethyl)pyridin-2- amine (2.04 mmol) and tert7butyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate (0.41 g, 2.04 mmol) in DCE (8 ml) and AcOH (115 μL, 2.04 mmol) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (0.43 g, 2.04 mmol) and the reaction stirred at RT until judged complete by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and sat. aq. Na2CO3, the layers were separated and the organic layer was dried (Na2SO3) and evaporated to dryness. Purifϊcaion by column chromatography (MeOH/DCM) gave the desired product (0.64g3 69%). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 457 ; *R = 2.19.
[00339] tert-Butyl 4-(H2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-l,2-dihydro-2-oxopyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxyIate
Figure imgf000107_0003
[00341] To a solution of tert-butyl 4-((2-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylamino)pyridin-3- yl)methylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate (2.89 g, 6.33 mmol) in DMF (42 ml) was added CDI (1.23 g, 7.6 mmol) in portions and the reaction mixture was stirred at 120 0C for 2 hours. A further portion of CDI was added (0.82 g) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at 130 0C for 6 hours, followed by stirring at RT for 16 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organics were combined, dried (NaSO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (10 to 80% EtOAc in Hx) gave the desired product (1.17 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (MH-H)+ (obs) = 483 ; tR = 3.58. [00342J 3,4-Dihydro-3-(piperidin-4-yI)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(lH)-one
Figure imgf000108_0001
[00344]
[00345] 2-(4-Oxo-2-phenyl-3-((pyridin-4-yl)methyl)thiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid
Figure imgf000108_0002
[00347] A solution of benzaldehyde (0.75 mmol, 79.6 mg) and 2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanamine
(97.3 mg, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) with 4A molecular sieves was heated at 80 0C for 2 hours. A solution of mercaptosuccinic acid (1.13 mmol, 168 mg) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added and the reaction was heated at 80 0C for an additional 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with IN HCl, water and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product which was used without further purification. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 329 ; t* = 1.95. [00348] l-(l-(2-(4-Oxo-2-phenyl-3-((pyridin-4-yl)methyI)thiazoIidin-5- yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)-lH~benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (Compound # 45)
Figure imgf000109_0001
[00350] To a solution of 2-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-3-((pyridin-4-yl)methyl)thiazolidin-5-yl)acetic
* acid (0.15 mmol, 49 mg), l-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (0.15 mmol, 33 mg) and D7PEA (0.375 mrnol, 65.3 μl) in 4:1 CH3CNrDMF (0.5 ml) was added HATU (0.18 mmol, 68 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Purification by preparative reverse phase HPLC using 10%-99% CH3CN (0.035% TFA)/H2O (0.05% TFA) gave the title compound. LC/MS (10% to 99%): MJZ (M+H)+ (obs) = 528.1 ; /R = 2.28. H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 9.00 (s, IH)3 8.60 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 7.40 - 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.33 - 7.29 (m, 5H), 7.06 - 6.92 (m, 4H)3 5.55 - 5.53 (m, IH), 4.55 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 4.45 - 4.42 (m, 3H), 4.07 (d, m, 2H), 3.42 - 3.41 (m, IH), 3.20 - 3.15 (m, IH), 3.01 - 2.90 (m, IH), 2.66 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H) ppm. [00351] 2-(3-Methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyIthϊazoIidin-5-yI)acetic acid
Figure imgf000109_0002
[00353] A solution of benzaldehyde (0.75 mmol, 79.6 mg) and methylamine hydrochloride (60.8 mg, 0.9 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) with 4A molecular sieves was heated at 80 0C for 2 hours. A solution of mercaptosuccinic acid (1.13 mmol, 168 mg) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added and the reaction was heated at 80 0C for an additional 16 hours. The reaction-mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with IN HCl, water and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product which was used without further purification.
[00354] 3,4-Dihydro-3-(l-(2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-2~phenylthiazolidin-5- yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)quinazoIin-2(lH)-one (Compound # 273)
Figure imgf000110_0001
[00356] To a solution of 2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid (0.2 mmol, 50 mg), 3,4-dihydro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)quinazolin-2(lH)-one TFA salt (0.15 mmol, 49 mg) and D7PEA (0.375 mmol, 65.3 μl) in 4:1 CH3CN:DMF (0.5 ml) was added HATU (0.18 mmol, 68 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Purification by preparative reverse phase HPLC using lO%-99% CH3CN (0.035% TFA)/H2O (0.05% TFA) gave the title compound. LC/MS (10% to 99%): MIZ (M+H)+ (obs) = 465.5 ; /R = 2.18. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.34 - 7.22 (m, 5H), 7.12 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.00 (d, J - 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.95 - 6.89 (m, 2H),6.61 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.46 - 5.41 (m, IH), 4.70 (m, IH), 4.56 (m, IH), 4.26 (m, 3H), 3.86 (m, IH), 3.50 (m, IH), 3.32 (m, IH), 3.12 - 3.08 (m, IH), 2.89 - 2.73 (m, IH), 1.69 (m, 3H) ppm. [00357] 2-(3-/søpropyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazoIidin-5-yI)acetic acid
Figure imgf000110_0002
[00359] A solution of benzaldehyde (0.75 mmol, 79.6 mg) and isopropylamine (53.1 mg,
0.9 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml) with 4A molecular sieves was heated at 800C for 2 hours. A solution of mercaptosuccinic acid (1.13 mmol, 168 mg) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added and the reaction was heated at 80 0C for an additional 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with IN HCl, water and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product which was used without further purification.
[00360] 3,4-Dihydro-3-(l-(2-(3-/5opropyI-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5- yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)quinazoϊin-2(lH)-one (Compound #255)
Figure imgf000111_0001
[00362] To a solution of 2-(3-isopropyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid (0.2 • mmol, 56 mg), l-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one (0.15 mmol, 33 mg) and D7PEA (0.375 mmol, 65.3 μl) in 4:1 CH3CN:DMF (0.5 ml) was added HATU (0.18 mmol, 68 mg) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Purification by preparative reverse phase HPLC using lQ%-99% CH3CN (0.035% TFA)/H2O (0.05% TFA) gave the title compound. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 493.5 ; tR = 3.1. H NMR (400 MHz5 CDC13) δ 7.31 - 7.25 (m, 5H), 7.14 - 7.10 (m, IH), 7.05 (s, IH), 7.00 (m, IH), 6.93 - 6.89 (m, IH), 6.62 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 5.56 (m, IH), 4.72 (m, IH), 4.47 - 4.41 (m, 2H), 4.27 - 4.19 (m, 2H), 4.02 - 3.96 (m, IH), 3.87 (m, IH), 3.36 - 3.29 (m, IH), 3.13 - 3.10 (m, IH), 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.20 (dd, J = 2.0, 6.9 Hz, 3H). 0.94 (m, 3H). [00363] 2-(3-/5opentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid
Figure imgf000111_0002
[00365] A solution of benzealdehyde (5.06 ml, 50 mmol) and wopentyl amine (5.82 ml, 50 mmol) was stirred at 80 °C for 2 hours before the addition of mercaptosuccinic acid (7.51 g, 50 mmol) and a further 16 hours of stirring at 80 0C. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics combined, dried and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (EtOAc / Hx) gave the desired product as a yellow oil (l 1.3 g). [00366] Ethyl 2-(3-&øpentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)acetate
Figure imgf000111_0003
[00368] A solution of 2-(3-2sopentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)acetic acid (2.2 g, 7.2 mmoi) in EtOH (20 ml) and H2SO4 (1 ml) was refluxed for 16 hours. The solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed with sat. aq. Na2CO3 (3x), brine and evaporated to give the desired product as an oil. [00369] Ethyl 2-(3-ιsøpentyl-4-oxo-2-phenyIthiazolidin-5-yl)propanoate
Figure imgf000112_0001
[00371] To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-isopentyl-4-oxo-2~phenylthiazolidin-5- yl)acetate (84 nig,- 0.25 mmol) in THF at 0 0C was added LiHMDS (0.28 ml of 1 N, 0.28 mmol) dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred from 00C to RT over 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured in to 1 N HCl and extreacted with EtOAc (4x). The organics were combined, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by preparative TLC (7 : 1 ; Hx : EtOAc) gave the the desired product as an oil (12 mg). [00372] 2-(3-Jsσpentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)propanoic acid
Figure imgf000112_0002
[00374] A solution 2-(3-i>opentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazoIidin-5-yi)propanoic acid (12 mg,
0.034 mmol) and NaOH aq. (0.068 ml of IN, 0.068 mmol) in MeOH (0.2 ml) was stirred at
60 °C for 16 hours. The solution was neutralized with 1 N HCl (0.068 ml of 1 N), the solvents removed and the crude product used with out further purification.
[00375] 3-(l-(2-(3-/*opentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)propanoyl)piperidin-4-yl)-
3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(lH)-one (Compound #156)
Figure imgf000112_0003
[00377] To a solution of 2-(3-/sopentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yl)propanoic acid (1 1 mg, 0.034 mmol), 3,4-Dihydro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)quinazolin-2(lH)-one'TFA (17 mg, 0.051 mmol) and D1PEA (24 ul, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added HATU (17 mg, 0.044 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. Purification by preparative reverse phase HPLC using 10%-99% CH3CN (0.035% TFA)/H2O (0.05% TFA) gave the title compound. [00378] 3-/s6»pentyl-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one
Figure imgf000113_0001
[00380J A solution of f-sopentylamine (0.58 ml, 5 mmol), benzealdehyde (1 ml, 10 mmol) and mercaptoacetic acid (1.05 ml g, 15 mmol) in THF (7 ml) and trimethoxyorthoformate (2 ml) was stirred at 75 0C for 16 hours. The RM was poured in to water and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with IN HCl (2x), brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (10 — 25% EtOAc in Hx) gave the desired product as an oil (1.07 g, 86%). [00381] Ethyl 2-(3-isopentyI-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate
Figure imgf000113_0002
[00383] To a stirred solution of 3-wopentyl-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one (0.25 g, 1 mmol) in THF was added LDA (1.1 ml of ~ 1 M in THF; freshly prepared from nBuLi and Diisopropylamine) at— 78 0C and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Ethyl glyoxalate (0.24 ml of —50% w / v in toluene, 1.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into 1 N HCl and extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (5 to 15% EtOAc in Hx) gave the desired product as an oil. [00384] 2-(3-/5opentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-yIidene)acetic acid
Figure imgf000113_0003
[00386] To a solution of ethyl 2-(3-isopentyl-4-oxo-2-ρhenylthiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetate (0.031 g, 0.1 mmol) and aq. NaOH (0.3 ml of 1 N) in MeOH was stirred at 40 0C for 2 hours. HCl (0.5 ml of 1 N) was added and the MeOH was evaporated. Water and EtOAc was added and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2x), all organic layers were combined, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product as an orange oil (11 mg, 36%).
[00387] 3,4-Dihydro-3-(l-(2-(3-f5«7pentyI-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazoIidbi-5- ylidene)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)quinazoIin-2(lH)-one
Figure imgf000114_0001
[00389] To a solution of 2-(3-z'sopentyl-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-5-ylidene)acetic acid
(11 mg, 0.036 mmol), 3,4-Dihydro-3-(piρeridin~4-yl)quinazolin-2(lH)-one-TFA (18 mg, 0.054 mmol) and D'PEA (22 ul, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was added HATU (16 mg, 0.043 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. Purification by preparative reverse phase HPLC using 10%-99% CH3CN (0.035% TFA)/H2O (0.05% TFA) gave the title compound. [00390] Preparation A: Synthesis of lΗ-spiro[piperidine-4,4'-quinolin]-2'(3Η)-one
Figure imgf000114_0002
15d
15e 15f
[00391] The mixture of tert-butyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-l,4'-piperidine]-r- carboxylate (20 g, 66.4 mmol) and MeOH/HCl (2.5 mol/L, 100 mL) were stirred overnight. After evaporation the residue was washed by petroleum ether to provide spiro[indene-l,4'- piperidin]-3(2H)-one hydrochloride (15.4 g, 97.6%).
100392] To a solution spiro[indene-l,4'-piperidin]-3(2H)-one hydrochloride (5.0 g,
24.84 mmol) and Et3N (7.54 g, 74.53 tnol) in CH2Cl2 (50 mL) was added drop-wise Cbz-Cl (4.66 g, 27.33 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred, overnight. The precipitate was filtered, washed with Et2O and dried to furnish benzyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-l,4'-piperidiπe]-r-carboxylate (6.1 g, yield 99%). [00393] A solution of benzyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-l,4'-piperidine]-T- carboxylate (3 g, 10.3 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) containing NH2OH-HCl (1.43 g, 20.6 mmol) and NaOAc (1.52 g, 18.53 mmol) was heated under reflux for 1.5 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation and the residue was partitioned between CH2C^ and water. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide benzyl 3-(hydroxyimino)-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-l,4'-piperidine]-r-carDθxylate (3.14 g, yield 99%), which was used- directly in the next step.
[00394] 2,4,6-trichloro-[l,3,5]-triazine (1.32 g, 7.16 mmol) was added to DMF (9.6 mL) maintained at 25 0C. The reaction was monitored by TLC until TCT was consumed. Then benzyl 3-(hydroxyimino)-2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-l,4'-piperidine]-r-carboxylate (1.6 g, 4.77 mmol) in DMF (17 mL) was added. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with sat. Na2CO3, followed by IN HCl and brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep HPLC to obtain benzyl 2'-oxo-2',3'-dihydro-rH-spiro[piperidine-4,4'-quinoline]-l-carboxylate (260 mg, yield 16%).
[00395] The mixture of benzyl 2'-oxo-2',3'-dihydro-l 'H-spiro[piperidine-4,4'- quinoline]-l-carboxylate (1.2 g, 3.4 mmol) and Pd/C (200 mg) in MeOH (20 mL) was hydrogenated under atmosphere pressure at room temperature for 3 h. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC twice to give rH-sρiro[piperidine-4,4'-quinolin]-2'(3Η)-one (110 mg, 11 %) as a TFA salt. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.65 (d, J=I.5 Hz5I H), 7.29-7.45 (m, 3 H), 3.45 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 2 H), 3.20 (t, J= 12.3 Hz, 2 H), 2.96 (s, 2 H), 2.10-2.21 (m, 2 H), 1.70 (d, J= 14.1 Hz, 2 H). MS (ESI) m/z 217.06 [M+H]+.
[00396] Preparation B: Synthesis of spiro[4H-3,l-benzoxazine-4,4'-piρeridin]-2(lH)- one
Figure imgf000116_0001
[00397] N-Boc-aniline (16.12 g, 83.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 niL) and cooled to -70 0C. To this solution was added dropwise, under nitrogen, a 1.7 M solution of fert-butyllithium in pentane (110 mL, 187 mmol) at -700C. After 30 min at -70 0C, the solution was warmed to -20 0C and maintained at that temperature for 2 h. The solution was again cooled to -70 0C and treated dropwise with a solution of N- Boc-4-piperidone (15.98 g, 80.2 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL). The solution was slowly warmed to room temperature, treated with potassium ter£-butoxide (25 mg) and stirred at room temperature overnight under nitrogen. The solution was diluted with diethyl ether (300 mL), cooled in an ice-H2O bath and adjusted to pH 7 with 1.0 NHCl (aq). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted once with diethyl ether (100 mL). The pooled organic layers were washed with H2O and saturated brine, then dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 39.09 g crude product as a viscous pale yellow oil. The crude product was purified via silica gel flash chromatography (25-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford tert-\mty\ 2-oxo-l,2- dihydrospiro[benzo[d][l,3]oxazine-4,4'-piperidine]-r-carboxylate as a pale yellow solid (8.687 g, 34% yield). LC/MS m/z 319.0 [M+H]+, retention time 2.72 min (RP-Ci8, 10-99% CH3CN/0.05% TFA); 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.06 (br s, IH), 7.28 (m, IH), 7.12 (m, 2H)5 6.91 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, IH), 4.12 (br d, J- 9.9 Hz, 2H)5 3.36 (br t, J= 12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (br d, J= 13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.51 (s, 9H).
[00398] terf-Butyl 2-oxo-l ,2-dihydrospiro[benzo[d] [ 1 ,3]oxazine-4,4'-piperidine]- 1 '- carboxylate (6.71 g, 21.1 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), treated with trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 45 min. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure, re-dissolved in acetonitrile and re-concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude TFA salt was cooled in an ice-H2Q bath, dissolved in ice-cold saturated brine (20 mL) and H2O (50 mL) and basified with ice-cold 35% NaOH (aq). A small amount of product (obtained from extraction with 50 mL ethyl acetate) was added to the aqueous layer to initiate crystallization. The suspension obtained was cooled in an ice- H2O bath, filtered, rinsed with ice-cold H2O and dried to afford 3.071 g spiro[benzo[d][l,3]oxazine-454'-piperidin]-2(lH)-one free base as a white crystalline solid. An additional 800 mg free base was obtained via extraction of the mother liquor with ethyl acetate (10 x 50 mL) and subsequent trituration of the crude free base with acetonitrile (overall yield = 84%). LC/MS m/z 219.2 [M+H]+, retention time 0.58 min (RP-Ci8, 10-99% CH3CN/O.05% TFA); 1H-NMR (400 MHz5 DMSO-J6) δ 10.17 (br s, IH), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.02 (m, IH), 6.87 (dd, J= 8.2, 1.2 Hz, IH), 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 4H). [00399] l-Benzyl-4-(2-chIoroquinoIin-3-yI)piperidin-4-ol
Figure imgf000117_0001
To a solution of LDA (3.4 ml of 2 M in Hept / THF) at -78 0C in THF (5 ml) was added a solution of 2-chloroquinohne (1.0 g. 6.1 1 mmol) in THF (10 ml) dropwise, and the reaction mixture stirred at -78 0C for 1 hour before a solution of l-benzylpiperidin-4-one (1.22 g, 6.22 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred from —78 0C to RT over two hours, cooled to —200C, quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics combined, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness. Purification by column chromatography (1 to 15% MeOH in DCM) gave the desired product. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 353; tR = 2.24.
[00400] 3-(l-BenzyI-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)quinolin-2(lH)-one
Figure imgf000117_0002
A solution of l-Benzyl-4-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)piperidin-4-ol (1 g, 2.84 mmol) in 6 N HCl (9 ml) was heated at 100 0C for 8 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, water was added and the precipitated product was filtered and dried (0.27 g). LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 317; ^R = 2.18. [00401] 3-(Piperidin-4-yI)quinolin-2(lH)-one
Figure imgf000118_0001
A solution of 3-(l-Benzyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)quinolin-2(lH)-one (0.25 g. 0.29 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (130 mg) in MeOH (20 ml) was stirred at 40 0C for 6 hours. The catalysis was filtered and solvent evaporated affording the desired product. LC/MS (10% to 99%): M/Z (M+H)+ (obs) = 229; tR = 1.27.
[00402] Analytical data for certain compounds of the present invention are shown below in Table 2. [004031 Table 2
Figure imgf000119_0001
Figure imgf000119_0002
Figure imgf000120_0001
Figure imgf000120_0002
Figure imgf000121_0001
Figure imgf000121_0002
Figure imgf000122_0001
Figure imgf000122_0002
Figure imgf000123_0001
Figure imgf000123_0002
Figure imgf000124_0002
Figure imgf000124_0001
[00404] Measuring CGRP functional antagonism using SK-N-MC-BLA (4C10):
[00405] CGRP functional antagonism was characterized in a cell based transcriptional assay using a recombinant SK-N-MC line. Tq introduce the transcriptional reporter system, SK- N-MC cell line was transduced with a retroviral vector containing β-lactarnase gene downstream of cAMP responsive promoter. The expression of β-lactamase is triggered by cAMP increase that is a downstream event of activation of endogenous CGRP receptor. Single clones were separated using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) based on CGRP induced β-lactamase activity, β-lactamase activity was measured using a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) dye, CCF4. CCF4 is a substrate of β-lactamase (Zlokarnik G, et al., Science, 279 (5347): 84-88, 1998) and cleaved into a product with different fluorescent signal from that of the parent. 4C10 clone was selected for dose dependent β-lactamase expression to different concentrations of CGRP and consistent pharmacology with previously published values. To evaluate functional antagonist activity of compounds in SK-N-MC (4C10) line, compounds were evaluated for their inhibition of β-lactamase expression in the presence of CGRP.
[004061 SK-N-MC (4C 10) was cultured in Minimal Essential Media (MEM) (Invitrogen) supplemented with ImM non-essential amino acids solution (Invitrogen), 100 units/ml Penicillin- Streptomycin (Invitrogen), ImM sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen) and 10% fetal bovine serum. For the β-lactamase assay, low serum, 1% FBS in MEM was used. 30,000 cells were plated into each wells of poly-D-lysine coated 384-well plate (Becton Dickinson) a day prior to the assay. SK-N-MC (4C10) was preincύbated with compounds for 30 mϊn before the addition of 200 pM CGRP. The assay was incubated for 3 hours at 37 0C to allow β-lactamase expression. CCF4 dye was added and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature. The fluorescent signals were read using a fluorescence plate reader, Topology Compensatory Plate Reader (tcPR) at excitation wavelength, 400 nm and emission wavelengths, 460 nm for the product and 535 nm for the parent. The ratio of values at 460 to 535 nm was used to calculate percent of activation. Curve fitting and IC50 calculation were carried about using MOD3.
[00407] I125-CGRP binding displacement assay to calculate Kj of compounds.
[00408] Purified SK-N-MC membrane was purchased from Perkin Elmer. The membrane was thawed quickly and placed on ice. The compounds were diluted with CGRP binding solution (25 raM Tris-HCl, pH7.4, 5 mM MgC12, 0.1% BSA and 0.05% Tween). The membrane was diluted 1 :20 with the binding solution and homogenized with Tissue Matster-50 Homogenizer (Omni International) for 30 sec. The homogenized membrane was added to compounds in the binding solution. After 10 minutes incubation at room temperature, the final concentration of 46 pM, 1125-iodotyrosyl-Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (GE healthcare) was added to the membrane and compounds. After 2 hour incubation at room temperature, the reaction was stopped by rapid filtration through 0.5% PEI treated GF/C filter plate (Perkin Elmer) and the filter plate was washed with ice-cold washing solution (50 mM Tris HCl, pH7.4, 5 mM MgCI2 and 0.1 %BS A) using cell harvester (Tomtec). The radioactivity of the filter plates were read on Topcount (Packard). The nonspecific binding was determined in the control reaction where 1 uM unlabelled CGRP was preincubated with the membrane prior to 1125- CGRP addition. The total binding was determined in the control reaction of the membrane and I125-CGRP in the absence of compound. The percent displacement of I125-CGRP with compounds was calculated using nonspecific and total binding controls. The curve fitting was carried out using MOD3. Ki of compound was calculated by the equation of Cheng and Prusoff (Cheng Y., Prusoff W. H., Biochem. Pharmacol. 22: 3099-3108, 1973) using Kd of CGRP for the membrane and the amount of I125-CGRP used for the assay. [00409] Exemplary compounds of the present invention in Table 1 were found to be antagonists of CGRP in the I125-CGRP binding assay and in the CGRP functional antagonism assay described above.
[004101 IC50 and Ki data for selected compounds of the present invention are shown below in Table 3. In Table 3, for both the IC50 column and the BCi column, the symbols have the following meaning: "A" means <lμM; "B" means between lμM and 5μM; "C" means >5μM and "ND" means no data.
[00411] Table 3
Figure imgf000126_0001
Figure imgf000126_0002
Figure imgf000126_0003
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000127_0002
Figure imgf000127_0003
Figure imgf000128_0001
Figure imgf000128_0002
Figure imgf000128_0003
Figure imgf000129_0001
Figure imgf000129_0002
Figure imgf000129_0003

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000130_0001
I wherein:
X is S, SO, or SO2;
Z1 is a bond or NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), or NR7C(O)NR7, wherein R7 is hydrogen, C1-C4 aliphatic or C(O)C 1-C4 aliphatic;
Z2 is a bond, O, CH2O, or C(O); ring A is phenyl or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring or a 10-14 membered bicyclic heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring has 1-4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; ' wherein:
Z2 is a bond, Z1 is a bond, NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), OrNR7C(O)NR7; or wherein:
Z1, Z2, and R6 are absent, ring A is not aromatic, and ring A together with ring B form a spirocyclic ring system;
R6 is hydrogen or C1-C4 aliphatic; m is 1-3; n is 1-3; provided that m+n is <4;
Rγ is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl -C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heterocyclyl-C 1 -C6 aliphatic- or cycloaliphatic-Cl-C6 aliphatic-; wherein Rγ is optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents; R is hydrogen, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6 aliphatic, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, wherein Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents; or two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents;
Rz is absent, hydrogen, CN, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, O-C1-C6 aliphatic, 0-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), halo, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic, or heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic;
=-=~z is a single or a double bond; provided that when it is a double bond, then Rz and one of Rw is absent; each R is independently absent, hydrogen, halo, oxo, C1-C6 aliphatic, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -O-(halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic), aryl, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, C3-C7 cycloaliphatic; or two Rw taken together form an optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring formed by two Rw is optionally substituted with up to 5 R5 substituents; wherein each occurrence of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is independently Q-RM; wherein Q is a bond or is a C1-C6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two non-adjacent methylene units of Q are optionally and independently replaced by CO, CO2, COCO, CONR, OCONR3 NRNR, NRNRCO, NRCO, NRCO2, NRCONR, SO, SO2, NRSOi, SO2NR, NRSO2NR, O, S, or NR; wherein each occurrence of RM is independently selected from R', halogen, NO2, CN, OR', SR', N(R')2, NR5C(O)R', NR'C(O)N(R')2, NR5CO2R', C(O)R', CO2R', OC(O)R', C(O)N(R')2, OC(O)N(R')2, SOR', SO2R', SO2N(R')2, NR5SO2R', NR'SO2N(R')2, C(O)C(O)R1, Or C(O)CH2C(O)R'; wherein each occurrence of R is independently selected from hydrogen or a Ci-6 aliphatic group optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of R^; and each occurrence of Rκ is independently selected from -Rv, halogen, -NO2, -CN, -ORV, -SRV, -N(RV)2, -NRVCORV, -NRVCON(RV)2, -NRVCO2RV, -CORV, -CO2RV, -OCORV, -CON(RV)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RV)2, -SORV, -SO2RV, -SO2N(RV)2, -NRVSO2RV, -NRVSO2N(RV)2, -COCORV, -COCH2CORV, -OP(O)(ORV)2, -P(O)(ORV)2, -OP(O)2ORV, -P(O)2ORV, -PO(RV)2, or -OPO(RV)2, wherein Rv is hydrogen or unsubstituted Cue aliphatic; and
. wherein each occurrence of R' is independently hydrogen, a C]-6 aliphatic group optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of RM1; and each occurrence of RM1 is independently selected from -Rτ, halogen, -NO2, -CN, -ORT, -SRT, -N(RT)2, -NRTCORT, -NRTCON(RT)2, -NR1CO2R1", -COR1", -CO2RT, -OCORτ, -CON(RT)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RT)2, -SORT S -SO2RT, -SO2N(RT)2, -NRTSO2RT, -NRTSO2N(RT)2, -COCOR1", -COCH2CORT, -OP(O)(ORT)2, - P(O)(ORT)2> -OP(O)2OR1", -P(O)2OR1", -PO(RT)2, or -OPO(RT)2,- wherein RT is hydrogen or unsubstituted Ci-6 aliphatic; or R' is a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur wherein said monocyclic or bicyclic ring is optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of Rυ; and each occurrence of Ru is independently selected from a 3-8-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring optionally substituted with 0-3 occurrences of -R^1 and having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or Ru is -RQ, halogen, =O, =NRQ, -NO2, -CN, -ORQ S -SRQ, -N(RQ)2, -NRQCORQ, - NRQCON(RQ)2, -NRQCO2RQ, -CORQ, -CO2RQ, -OCORQ, -CON(RQ)2, -CO=N-CN), - OCON(RQ)2, -SORQ, -SO2RQ, -SO2N(RQ)2, -NRQSO2RQ, -NRQSO2N(RQ)2, -COCORQ, - COCH2CORQ, -OP(O)(ORQ)2) -P(O)(ORQ)2, -OP(O)2ORQ, -P(O)2ORQ, -PO(RQ)2, or - OPO(RQ)2, wherein RQ and RQ1 are hydrogen or unsubstituted Ci-6 aliphatic; or R and R , two occurrences of R, or two occurrences of R , are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form a 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur wherein said monocyclic or bicyclic ring is optionally substituted with 0-5 occurrences of RT ; and each occurrence of RTI is independently selected from -Rs, halogen, =O, =NRS, -NO2, -CN, - ORS, -SRS, -N(RS)2, -NRSCOR?, -NRSCON(RS)2, -NRSCO2RS, -CORS, -CO2RS, -OCORS, -CON(RS)2, -C(=N-CN), -OCON(RS)2, -SORS, -SO2RS, -SO2N(RS)2, -NRSSO2RS, -NRSSO2N(RS)2, -COCORS, -COCH2CORS, -OP(O)(ORS)2, -P(O)(ORS)2, -OP(O)2ORS, -P(O)2ORS, -PO(RS)2, or -OPO(RS)2, wherein Rs is hydrogen or unsubstituted C)-6 aliphatic.
2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z2 is a bond, R6 is hydrogen, and Z1 is a bond.
3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z2 is a bond, R is hydrogen, and Z1 is NR7, O, S, CH2, C(O), or NR7C(O)NR7.
4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z2-R6 is other than hydrogen and Z1 is a bond.
5. The compound according to claim, wherein Z2-R6 is other than hydrogen and Z1 is NR7, O3 S, CH2, C(O), OrNR7C(O)NR7.
6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein =^= is a single bond.
7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein =^= is a single bond and both of Rw are hydrogen.
8. The compound according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein Rz, if present, is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
9. The compound according to claim 8, wherein R , if present, is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
10. The compound according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein at least one Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
11. The compound according to claim 10, wherein at least one Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
12. The compound according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein one Rw is hydrogen and the other Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
13. The compound according to claim 12, wherein one R is hydrogen and the other R is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
14. The compound according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, -C1-C4 alkoxy, -C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
15. The compound according to claim 14, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, • butyl, t-butyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3- ethoxypropyl, 1 -(methoxy carbonyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, l-methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
16. The compound according to claim 15, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-propyl.
17. The compound according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
18. The compound according to claim 17, wherein Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
19. The compound according to claim 18, wherein Rγ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
20. The compound according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein Rγ is pyridyl (C1-C6)- alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl)-, or N-(Cl-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl -C6 alkyl)-.
21. The compound according to claim 20, wherein tetrahydrofuran-2-yl -methyl-, pyridin-3- yl-methyl-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, lH-indazol-5-yl, or 2- (N-methyl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyl-.
22. The compound according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein R is phenyl or (phenyl)- substituted C1-C6 aliphatic- optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
23. The compound according to claim 22, wherein Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl--
24. The compound according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 R substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
25. The compound according to claim 24, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R3 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
26. The compound according to claim 25, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
27. The compound according to claim 24, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4- propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-buty]piperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-?-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-/f-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrroIidin- 1 -yl, 4-(piperidin- 1 -yl)piperidine, pyridyl (1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-l-yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin-l -yl.
28. The compound according to claim 24, wherein one R is hydrogen and the other Rx is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4- propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-/-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-y], morpholin-4-yl, 1-H-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-dimethylamϊno-pyrroIidin-l-yI, 4-(piperidin-l-yl)piperidine, pyridyl
( I -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl.
29. The compound according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-C 1-C6 aliphatic, or -S(O)2-C 1 -C6 aliphatic.
30. The compound according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings. .
31. The compound according to claim 30, wherein said Rx is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyranyl, 9Η- fϊuoren-9-yl or piperidinyl.
32. The compound according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, hcteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents.
33. The compound according to claim 32, wherein said ring system is selected from 9H- fluroeπ-9-yl, tetrahydro-2//-pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
34. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said compound is of formula I-A:
Figure imgf000137_0001
I-A; wherein: ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring that forms a spirocyclic ring system with said piperidine ring through carbon atom CA, wherein ring A is optionally fused with a phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, has up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; and wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents.
35. The compound according to claim 34, wherein =^=-= is a single bond and Rz, if present, is hydrogen.
36. The compound according to claim 34, wherein =^= is a single bond and Rz is C 1 -C6 alkyl, haIo-Cl-C6 alkyl-, or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
37. The compound according to claim 36, wherein Rz, if present, is fiuoro, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
38. The compound according to any one of claims 34-37, wherein at least one Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
39. • The compound according to claim 38, wherein at least one Rw is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
40. The compound according to any one of claims 37, wherein ^^ is a single bond, one R is hydrogen and the other Rw is C1-C6 alkyl, halo-Cl-C6 alkyl- or -O-C1-C6 alkyl.
41. The compound according to claim 40, wherein one R is hydrogen and the other R is fluoro, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, CF3, CHF2, OMe or OEt.
42. The compound according to any one of claims 37, wherein ^= is a single bond and each Rw is hydrogen.
43. The compound according to any one of claims 34-42, wherein Rγ is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbon yl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
44. The compound according to claim 43, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3-methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3-methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, 1 -methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 2,2,2-trifiuoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
45. The compound according to claim 44, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl or 2-methyl-propyl. v
46. The compound according to any one of claims 34-42, wherein Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted C1-C6 aliphatic-.
47. . The compound according to claim 46, wherein Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
48. The compound according to claim 47, wherein Rγ is cyclop ropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
49. The compound according to any one of claims 34-42, wherein R is pyridyl (C1-C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl)-, orN-(Cl-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl-C6 alkyl)-.
50. The compound according to claim 49, wherein Rγ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridin-3-yl-methyl-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, lH-indazol- 5-yl, or 2-(N-methyI)-pyrrolidin-2-yl-ethyI-.
51. The compound according to any one of claims 34-42, wherein Rγ is phenyl or (phenyl)- substituted C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
52. The compound according to claim 51, wherein Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difiuorophenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyl, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or phenylethyl-.
53. The compound according to any one of claims 43-52, wherein =^^ is a single bond, one R is hydrogen and the other R is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 Ru substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
54. The compound according to claim 53, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R5 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
55. The compound according to claim 54, wherein one R is hydrogen and the other R is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
56. The compound according to claim 54, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin- 1 yl, 4- propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piρerazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin- 1 yl.4-/-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-t-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-l-yl, morpholin-4-yl, 1-H-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrrolidin-l-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin-l-yI)piperidine, pyridyl ( 1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl.
57. The compound according to claim 54, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is pyridyl, or pyridyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin- IyI, 4- propyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin- IyI, 4-^-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-^-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-H-pyrazol-l-yl, ϊmidazol-l-yl, pyrrol idin-1-yl, 3-dimethylamino-pyrrolidin-l-yl, 4-(piperidin- 1 -yl)piperidine, pyridyl
( 1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl, 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl.
58. The compound according to any one of claims 34-52, wherein one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl -C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic)amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-Cl-Co aliphatic, or -S(O)2-Cl-Co aliphatic.
59. The compound according to any one of claims 34-52, wherein at least one Rx is hydrogen and the other Rx is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocyclo aliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
60. The compound according to claim 59, wherein said Rx is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyτanyl, 9H- fluoren-9-yl orpiperidinyl.
61. The compound according to any one of claims 34-52, wherein = is a single bond, two Rx, taken together with the carbon atom that they are attached to, form a 3-9 membered monocyclic, a 9-14 membered bicyclic, or a 12-14 membered tricyclic aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring system wherein each heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S, and N; wherein said ring system formed by two Rx is optionally substituted with up to 5 R4 substituents.
62. The compound according to claim 61, wherein said ring system is selected from 9H- fluroen-9-yl, tetrahydro-2/ϊ~pyran-4-yl, tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclohexenyl, piperidinyl, or l-benzyl-piperidin-4-yl.
63. The compound according to any one of claims 34-62, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000141_0001
A-ϊ A-U;
Figure imgf000142_0001
wherein: p is 0-2; q is 0-2; provided that p+q ≤2; each of WA and WB is independently selected from NR1, O, S, SO5 SO2, C(R')2, or =CR' (when p or q is 2);
WE is -C(R')2, =C(R')-, =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(RV =C(R1)-, =N-, or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-; ring Bl is a phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; and
R1 is as defined in claim 34.
64. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A has formula A-i.
65. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A has formula A-ii.
66. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A has formula A-iii.
67. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A has formula A-iv.
68. The compound according to claim 64 or 66, wherein both, WE and WF are =C(R').
69. The compound according to claim 64 or 66, wherein WE is =C(R')- and WF is =N-.
70. The compound according to any one of claims 63-69, wherein p is 0 and q is 0.
71. The compound according to any one of claims 63-69, wherein p is 1 and q is 0.
72. The compound according to any one of claims 63-69, wherein p is 0 and q is 2.
73. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WA is NR1.
74. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WA is O.
75. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WΛ is C(R^2.
76. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WA is C(R')2 and R1 is hydrogen.
77. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein W is NR1.
78. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WB is O.
79. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein WB is C(R')2-
80. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein W is C(R!)2 and R is hydrogen.
81. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein p is 2 and WA is C(R1 )2- C(R')2 or -CR'=CR'-.
82. The compound according to any one of claims 63-72, wherein q is 2 and WB is C(R')2- C(R')2 or -CR^CR1-.
83. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000144_0001
A-i-a A-i-b A-i-c A-i-d A-i-h
Figure imgf000144_0002
A-i-i A-i-j A-i-k or A-i-1; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
84. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000144_0003
A-i-e A-i-f or A-i-g; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
85. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000144_0004
A-ii-a A-ii-b A-ii-c or A-ii-d; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
86. The compound according to claim 63, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000145_0001
A-ii-e A-ii-f A-ii-g A-ii-h
Figure imgf000145_0002
A-ii-i or A-ϋ-j; wherein said ring system is optionally substituted with up to 4 R! substituents.
87. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is of formula I-B:
Figure imgf000145_0003
I-B; wherein ring A is a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring optionally fused with an phenyl or heteroaryl ring that is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents; wherein said ring A, in addition to the nitrogen ring atom, contains up to two additional ring heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; and wherein ring A, in addition to the oxo group, is optionally substituted with up to 5 R1 substituents.
88. The compound according to claim 87, wherein R is C1-C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with one or more halo, OH, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy carbonyl, or di-(Cl-C4 alkyl) amino-.
89. The compound according to claim 88, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyI, 3 -methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 2-methoxy-ethyl, 3- ethoxypropyl, l-(methoxy carbonyl)-3-methyl-butyl, 1 -(hydroxy methyl)-3 -methyl-butyl, allyl, acetenyl, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl, l-methyl-2-methoxy-ethyl, 3 -hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl -propyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl, or 2,2,3 ,3,3-pentafluoro-propyl.
90. The compound according to claim 89, wherein Rγ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 3 -methyl -butyl or 2-methyl-propyl.
91. The compound according to claim 87, wherein Rγ is C3-C8 cycloaliphatic or a C3-C8 cycloaliphatic substituted Cl -C6 aliphatic-.
92. The compound according to claim 87, wherein Rγ is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted C1-C6 alkyl-.
93. The compound according to claim 92, wherein Rγ is cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl-, cyclopropylmethyl-, or cyclohexylethyl-.
94. The compound according to claim 87, wherein Rγ is pyridyl (C1-C6) alkyl-, tetrahydrofuranyl (C1-C6 alkyl)-, orN-(Cl-C4 alkyl)-pyrrolidinyl-(Cl -C6 alkyl)-.
95. The compound according to claim 94, wherein Rγ is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methyl-, pyridin-3-yl-methyI-, pyridin-4-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-2-yl-ethyl-, pyridin-4-yl-methyl-, lH-indazol- 5-yl, or 2-(N-methyl)-pyrrohdm-2-yl-ethyl-.
96. The compound according to claim 87, wherein Rγ is phenyl or (phenyl)-substituted Cl- C6 aliphatic optionally substituted with up to 5 R2 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
97. The compound according to claim 96, wherein Rγ is phenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenylmethyl-, 4-morpholinophenyI-, 2-piperidinylphenyl- or pheπylethyl-.
98. The compound according to any one of claims 87-97, wherein Rx is an aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R3 substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, phenyl, halogen, C3-C6 cycloaliphatic or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 Rα substituents wherein said heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
99. The compound according to claim 98, wherein Rx is phenyl or pyridyl with up to 2 R3 substituents independently selected from halogen or a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with up to 2 Ru substituents wherein said heterocyclic ring has up to three heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
100. The compound according to claim 99, wherein Rx is phenyl substituted with a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring in the 2 position and a halogen in the 3 position.
101. The compound according to claim 99, wherein Rx is pyridyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with piperazine, 4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-ethyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-propyl-piperazin- IyI, 4-butyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-isopropyl-piperazin-lyl, 4-^-butylpiperazin-lyl, 4- cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-f-butoxycarbonyl-piperazin-l-yl, 4-hydroxy-piperidinyl, 4- ethoxycarbonyl-piperidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, l-H-pyrazol-l-yl, imidazol-l-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 3 -dimethylamino-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl, 4-(piperidin- 1 -yl)piperidine, pyridyl
( 1 -methylpiperidin~4-yl)piperazin~ 1 -yl, or 1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazin- 1-yl.
102. The compound according to any one of claims 87-97, wherein Rx is phenyl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, cyano, halo, halo-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, heteroaryl-Cl-C6 aliphatic-, aralkyloxy, di(Cl-C6 aliphatic) amino-, -O-C1-C6 aliphatic, -S(O)-Cl-Co aliphatic, or -S(O)2- C1-C6 aliphatic.
103. The compound according to any one of claims 87-97, wherein Rx is a C3-C7 cycloaliphatic or a heterocycloaliphatic ring optionally substituted with up to five R3 substituents and having up to three heteroatorns selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring is optionally fused to one or more phenyl or heteroaryl rings.
104. The compound according to claim 103, wherein said R is selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, tetrahydro-2ϋT-pyranyl, tetrahydro-2//-thiopyranyl, 9H- fluoren-9-yl orpiperidinyl.
105. The compound according to claim 87, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000148_0001
A-v or A-vi; wherein:
Wc is -C(R1K C(O), or =CR'-; r is 0-2;
WD is N or =C-;
WE is -C(R1K =C(R')-, =N-, or -N(R1)-;
WF is absent or is selected from -C(Rl)2, ^C(R1)-, ==N-, or -N(R1)-; provided that both of WE and WF are not simultaneously =N- or -N(R1)-; Y is C(O), S(O), or S(O)2; and ring Bl is a phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 R substituents; and =■=-= is a single or a double bond.
106. The compound according to claim 105, wherein Wc is -C(R')2.
107. The compound according to claim 105, wherein Wc is =CR1-.97.
108. The compound according to claim 105, wherein Wc is C(O).
109. The compound according to any one of claims 105-108, wherein r is 0.
110. The compound according to any one of claims 105-108, wherein r is 1.
111. The compound according to any one of claims 105-108, wherein r is 2.
112. The compound according to any one of claims 105-111, wherein WD is N.
113. The compound according to any one of claims 105- 111 , wherein WD is =C-.
114. The compound according to any one of claims 105-113, wherein Y is C(O).
115. The compound according to any one of claims 105-113, wherein Y is S(O).
116. The compound according to any one of claims 105-113, wherein Y is S(O)2.
117. The compound according to claim 105, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000149_0001
A-v-a A-v-b A-v-c A-v-d
Figure imgf000149_0002
A-v-e A-v-f A-v-g A-v-h
Figure imgf000149_0003
A-v-i A-v-j or A-v-k; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
1 18. The compound according to claim 105, wherein ring A is selected from:
Figure imgf000150_0001
A-vi-a A-vi-b A-vi-c A-vi-d
Figure imgf000150_0002
or A-vi-I; wherein said ring is optionally substituted with up to 4 R1 substituents.
119. The compound according to claim 105, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents selected from C1-C6 aliphatic, C1-C6 aliphatic-oxy, C1-C6 haloaliphatic, CN, halo, oxo, optionally substituted C3-C7 cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted ring selected from phenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imadazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, or morpholinyl.
120. The compound according to any one of claims 105-119, wherein in R1, Q is a bond.
121. The compound according to any one of claims 105-119, wherein in R1, Q-RM is Q-R'.
122. The compound according any one of claims 105-119, wherein Q is present and R is hydrogen.
123. The compound according to any one of claims 105-119, wherein Q is present and R is C1-C6 aliphatic.
124. The compound according to claim 123, wherein R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl.
125. The compound according to claim 121, wherein R' is hydrogen.
126. The compound according to claim 121, wherein R' is a C1-C8 aliphatic group, optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, or OCHF2, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C8 aliphatic is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
127. The compound according to claim 121, wherein R' is a 3-8 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN3 CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, -CONH(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(Cl-Ot alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(Cl -C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2- , or -N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
128. The compound according to claim 121, wherein R' is an 8-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or C1-C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with -CO-, - CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)C02-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)C0N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2N(C 1 -C4 alkyl)-.
129. The compound according to claim 121, wherein two occurrences of R' are taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted 3-12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein R' is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents selected from halo, CN, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, or Cl- C6 alkyl, wherein up to two methylene units of said C1-C6 alkyl is optionally replaced with — CO-, -CONH(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -CO2-, -OCO-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO2-, -O-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CON(Cl-C4 alkyl)-, -OCON(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)CO-, -S-, -N(C1-C4 alkyl)-, -SO2N(C 1-C4 alkyl)-, N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2-, or -N(C1-C4 alkyl)SO2N(Cl-C4 alkyl)-.
130. A compound selected from Table 1 or Table IA.
131. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 - 130, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
132. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 131, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent.
133. A method of treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of one or more of the following conditions or diseases in a subject: headache; migraine; cluster headache; chronic tension type headache; pain; chronic pain; neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain; neuropathic pain; eye pain; tooth pain; diabetes; non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; vascular disorders; inflammation; arthritis; bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma; shock; sepsis; opiate withdrawal syndrome; morphine tolerance; hot flashes in men and women; allergic dermatitis; encephalitis; brain trauma; epilepsy; neurodegenerative diseases; skin diseases; neurogenic cutaneous redness, skin rosaceousness and erythema; tinnitus; inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or cystitis, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising said compound to said subject in need thereof.
134. The method according to claim 133, wherein said method is used in the acute or prophylactic treatment of headache, including migraine and cluster headache.
135. The method according to claim 133 or claim 134, further comprising an additional agent.
136. The method according to claim 135, wherein said additional agent is selected from an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic agent, or an anti-migraine agent.
137. The method according to claim 136, wherein said additional agent is selected from an interleukin inhibitor, an NK-I receptor antagonist an NMDA antagonist, an NR2B antagonist; a bradykinin-1 receptor antagonist; an adenosine Al receptor agonist; a sodium channel blocker, an opiate against, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, an alpha receptor antagonist, an alpha receptor agonist, a vanilloid receptor antagonist, an mGluR5 agonist, antagonist or potentiator, a GABA A receptor modulator, nicotinic antagonists or agonists, muscarinic agonists or antagonists, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a tricyclic antidepressant, a leukotriene antagonist, an inhibitor of nitric oxide or an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide.
138. The method according to claim 135, wherein said additional agent is selected from an ergot alkaloid.
139. The method according to claim 135, wherein said additional agent is selected from a beta-adrenergic antagonist, a MAO inhibitor, a calcium channel blocker, an anticonvulsant, an angiotensin II antagonist, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, or botulinum toxin type A.
140. The method according to claim 135, wherein said additional agent is selected from a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2-antagonist, a decongestant, an antitussive, a diuretic; a prokinetic agent, or a sedating or non-sedating antihistamine.
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