WO2007138212A1 - Device for controlling aerodynamic turbulence occurring at the walls of moving motor vehicles, and method using same - Google Patents

Device for controlling aerodynamic turbulence occurring at the walls of moving motor vehicles, and method using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007138212A1
WO2007138212A1 PCT/FR2007/051251 FR2007051251W WO2007138212A1 WO 2007138212 A1 WO2007138212 A1 WO 2007138212A1 FR 2007051251 W FR2007051251 W FR 2007051251W WO 2007138212 A1 WO2007138212 A1 WO 2007138212A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
axis
vortex structure
vortex
vehicle
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PCT/FR2007/051251
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Benjamin Lehugeur
Patrick Gillieron
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Renault S.A.S
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Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S filed Critical Renault S.A.S
Publication of WO2007138212A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007138212A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B62D35/007—Rear spoilers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/82—Elements for improving aerodynamics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling a swirling wake structure appearing on the walls of moving motor vehicles, as well as a method for implementing such a device.
  • the longitudinal eddies located at the level of the bays and the lateral edges of the rear window of the vehicle generate significant energy losses and a significant part of the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle.
  • These longitudinal vortices are characterized by high rotational speeds which can locally induce unfavorable static pressures for the drag of the vehicle, especially at the level of the rear window.
  • the document FR 2876975 describes a method for controlling vortex wake structures, the principle of which consists in causing the bursting, that is to say the sudden development of the vortex with the appearance of a recirculation zone, vortices by accelerating the speed of rotation of the vortex.
  • This acceleration of the speed of rotation is obtained by a device of blowing and suction on the wall of the vehicle, on both sides of the swirling heart.
  • a device can however be difficult to implement on certain vehicles because of the size of the suction circuit and air blowing.
  • such a device is subject to soiling and clogging of the suction and blowing holes.
  • the document EP 1 506 911 also describes a system for reducing aerodynamic forces using air suction means upstream of the swirl zones and means for blowing the air sucked downstream of the swirl zone to control the flow. air at the rear of the motor vehicle. This type of device has the same disadvantages as the previous.
  • the subject of the invention relates to a device for controlling a vortex structure appearing on the walls of moving motor vehicles, said vortex structure extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis, characterized in that it comprises a longitudinal element having a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis, and in that it comprises means for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element so as to substantially align the axis of the longitudinal axis. element with the axis of said vortex structure and adjust the length of the element so that its length is sufficient to cause the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure.
  • the longitudinal element of the device according to the invention causes a modification of the longitudinal velocity profiles of the vortex structure leading to its destruction and / or bursting.
  • the present invention has the advantage of not including suction systems and / or blowing, which can be difficult to implement on a vehicle because of significant pressure losses in the air circuits, the congestion pumps blowing and suction, dirt and clogging of the suction and / or blowing holes.
  • the invention also makes it possible to reduce the material and energy costs with respect to such systems, as well as the volumes and the masses necessary for its implementation.
  • the device according to the invention also makes it possible to improve the aero-acoustic performance of a vehicle.
  • the longitudinal element has a maximum radius close to the radius of said vortex structure, to cause the appearance of a burst in the heart of the vortex structure.
  • the device comprises means for rotating said longitudinal element about its axis.
  • the rotation of the longitudinal element causes the air moving around the element, that is to say in the vicinity of the core of the vortex structure, which promotes and accelerates the destructuration and / or the bursting of the swirling structure.
  • the longitudinal member is provided with a helical groove disposed on its outer surface.
  • the longitudinal element is cylindrical, one of its ends being fixed to the vehicle substantially at the point of appearance of the vortex structure.
  • the longitudinal element is conical, at least its smaller diameter end being displaceable along the longitudinal axis of the vortex structure.
  • the device according to the invention comprises pressure sensors intended to be arranged on the walls of the vehicle near the axis of the vortex structure in order to detect a variation of the position of the vortex, a control means connected to the sensors and the means for adjusting and, where appropriate, rotating the longitudinal member, in order to adjust the length and position and, where appropriate to rotate, the longitudinal member.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling a device according to the invention provided with sensors, characterized in that it comprises a loop control of the longitudinal element in which: the pressures at the level of each sensor are measured
  • each measured pressure is below or above predetermined target pressures as a function of the rolling conditions of the vehicle; the adjusting means, and, if appropriate, the means for rotating, of the longitudinal element are controlled; so that the measured pressures converge towards the target pressures.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view of the rear window of a vehicle of simplified geometry, equipped with a device according to a first embodiment of FIG. the invention
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are side and top views of the vehicle shown schematically in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, wherein the longitudinal member is rotated;
  • FIG. 6 represents a partial enlarged view of an alternative embodiment of the longitudinal element represented in FIGS. 1 and 5;
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial view of the rear window of a vehicle of simplified geometry, equipped with a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the rear window 1, a side wall 2, and the roof 3 of a vehicle equipped with a control device of a vortex structure 4 wake appearing on the walls of the moving vehicle.
  • This vortex structure is represented in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 represents such a swirling structure 4 extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis 5, as well as its direction of rotation represented by the arrows in FIG. 2.
  • the axis 5 of the longitudinal vortex 4 is almost stationary, and its inclination relative to the rear window 1 can be estimated.
  • control device comprises a longitudinal element 6 having a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis.
  • the control device also comprises means 8 for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element 6 in order to substantially align the axis of the element with the axis 5 of said vortex structure and to adjust the length of the element so that its length is sufficient to cause the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure.
  • the radius of the longitudinal element 6 is close to the radius of the vortex structure 4, generally of the order of one centimeter.
  • the longitudinal element 6 is cylindrical, one of its ends 6a being fixed to the vehicle substantially at the point of appearance 7 of the vortex structure 4.
  • the axis of the longitudinal element 6 being aligned with the axis 5 of the vortex structure, its presence in the heart of the latter causes changes in the longitudinal velocity profiles of the vortex and initiates the formation of a wake in the heart of the vortex structure at the free end 6b of the longitudinal member, to cause the destructuration of this structure.
  • the vortex structure 4 can thus be destructured by sufficiently deploying the longitudinal element 6 so that its free end 6b causes a destructuration.
  • the longitudinal element 6 may for example be telescopic, and the adjustment means may comprise a motor, for example an electric motor, controlling the deployment of the longitudinal element 6.
  • the destructuring of the vortex structure is accompanied by a rise in the static pressure at the vehicle wall, that is to say at the wall of the rear window in the example shown in the figures, associated with a reduction of the aerodynamic drag, of the order of 4% for a simplified geometry of two-body vehicle.
  • control device comprises pressure sensors 9 intended to be arranged on the vehicle walls near the axis 5 of the vortex structure
  • FIG. 1 in order to detect a variation of the position of the vortex, a control means 10 connected to the sensors and to the adjustment means 8.
  • a closed-loop control of the longitudinal element makes it possible, for example, to adapt the position and the length of the longitudinal element according to the rolling conditions of the vehicle, as will be described in more detail later.
  • the longitudinal element 6 may be tapered, its tip being attached to the vehicle.
  • control device comprises means for rotating said longitudinal element about its axis, such as an electric motor for example. It is then possible to rotate the longitudinal element in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the vortex structure, which promotes its destructuring, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • This rotation means can be connected to control means. .
  • the rotational speed of the longitudinal element is between 0.5 times and twice the rotational speed of the vortex structure, itself of the order of about 400 revolutions / min.
  • a helical groove 12 disposed on its outer lateral surface. Such a groove is intended to improve the rotation of the fluid threads in the vicinity of the core of the vortex structure, which accelerates its destructuration.
  • the longitudinal element 6 ' is conical, its smaller diameter end 6' being displaceable along the longitudinal axis 5 of the vortex structure.
  • the end 6'a points towards the point 7 of appearance of the vortex structure.
  • Such a conical longitudinal element artificially causes the appearance of a stopping point at the tip 6'a of the conical element, in the heart of the vortex structure, this stopping point initiating the formation of a recirculation bubble in the vicinity of the axis 5 of the vortex structure, causing the destructuration and / or bursting of the latter.
  • the conical longitudinal member 6 ' is supported by an arm 13 fixed on the bottom of the rear window.
  • the conical longitudinal element 6 ' is telescopic, and connected to the arm 13 on the side of its end of larger diameter. It is then possible by deploying the longitudinal element, to raise the tip 6'a of this element to the top of the rear window, along the axis 5 of the vortex structure.
  • the longitudinal member could be supported by an arm fixed in the same way to the longitudinal member, but slidable along the bezel by means of a rail disposed under the latter.
  • the device according to the invention is implemented by means of a loop control method of the longitudinal element in which:
  • control device has the advantage of being of small size which allows gains in terms of cost, energy supply, bulk and mass.
  • the longitudinal member can be retractable, and can then integrate into the vehicle body. Reductions close to 4% were recorded by calculation from longitudinal cylindrical elements positioned on the axis of the vortex structures of a rear window.
  • the aerodynamic power reduction dissipated is equal to:
  • the device according to the invention would allow an aerodynamic gain of the order of 2300W for an estimated expenditure of 200W
  • the power required for the operation of the device according to the invention becomes negligible and the final gain is equal to 2300 W.

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for controlling aerodynamic turbulence occurring at the walls of moving motor vehicles, said aerodynamic turbulence extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis (5). The invention is characterized in that it comprises a longitudinal element (6) having a rotational symmetry about its longitudinal axis, and in that it comprises means (8) for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element so as to substantially align the axis of the element with the axis of said aerodynamic turbulence and to adjust the length of the element such that the length is sufficient to break up and/or blow up the aerodynamic turbulence. The invention also concerns a method using said device.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE CONTROLE D'UNE STRUCTURE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A STRUCTURE
TOURBILLONNAIRE DE SILLAGE APPARAISSANT AUX PAROIS DE VEHICULES AUTOMOBILES EN MOUVEMENT, ET PROCEDE DEWINDING TOURBILLONARY APPEARING TO THE WALLS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN MOTION, AND METHOD OF
MISE EN ŒUVRE D'UN TEL DISPOSITIF L'invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle d'une structure tourbillonnaire de sillage apparaissant aux parois de véhicules automobiles en mouvement, ainsi qu'un procédé de mise en œuvre d'un tel dispositif.The invention relates to a device for controlling a swirling wake structure appearing on the walls of moving motor vehicles, as well as a method for implementing such a device.
En aérodynamique automobile, l'écoulement de fluide autour d'un véhicule est influencé par l'apparition de décollements qui donnent naissance à des structures tourbillonnaires tridimensionnelles instationnaires .In automotive aerodynamics, the flow of fluid around a vehicle is influenced by the appearance of detachments that give rise to unsteady three-dimensional vortex structures.
Parmi ces structures, les tourbillons longitudinaux localisés au niveau des montants de baie et des arêtes latérales de la lunette arrière du véhicule engendrent des pertes d'énergie significatives et une partie non négligeable de la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule. Ces tourbillons longitudinaux sont caractérisés par des vitesses de rotation importantes qui peuvent induire localement des pressions statiques défavorables pour la traînée du véhicule, notamment au niveau de la lunette arrière.Among these structures, the longitudinal eddies located at the level of the bays and the lateral edges of the rear window of the vehicle generate significant energy losses and a significant part of the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle. These longitudinal vortices are characterized by high rotational speeds which can locally induce unfavorable static pressures for the drag of the vehicle, especially at the level of the rear window.
La suppression de ces structures tourbillonnaires, ou la réduction de leur développement dans le sillage du véhicule, constitue ainsi une solution intéressante pour réduire la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule. De plus, ces tourbillons longitudinaux constituent des sources importantes de bruit aérodynamique, notamment au niveau des parties latérales de pare-brise, et leur suppression permettrait également d'améliorer les performances aéro- acoustiques des véhicules.The removal of these vortex structures, or the reduction of their development in the wake of the vehicle, is thus an interesting solution for reducing the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle. In addition, these longitudinal vortices are important sources of aerodynamic noise, especially at the side portions of the windshield, and their removal would also improve the aero-acoustic performance of vehicles.
On connaît actuellement des solutions permettant de faire disparaître les tourbillons longitudinaux de sillage automobile et de réduire ainsi leur incidence sur la traînée aérodynamique d'un véhicule.Solutions are currently known to remove the longitudinal vortices of automobile wake and reduce their impact on the aerodynamic drag of a vehicle.
Par exemple, le document FR 2876975 décrit un procédé de contrôle des structures tourbillonnaires de sillage, dont le principe consiste à provoquer l'éclatement, c'est-à-dire l'épanouissement brusque du tourbillon avec apparition d'une zone de recirculation, des tourbillons en accélérant la vitesse de rotation du tourbillon. Cette accélération de la vitesse de rotation est obtenue par un dispositif de soufflage et d'aspiration sur la paroi du véhicule, de part et d'autre du cœur tourbillonnaire. Un tel dispositif peut toutefois être difficile à mettre en œuvre sur certains véhicules en raison de l'encombrement des circuits d'aspiration et de soufflage d'air. De plus, un tel dispositif est sujet aux salissures et bouchages des orifices d'aspiration et de soufflage.For example, the document FR 2876975 describes a method for controlling vortex wake structures, the principle of which consists in causing the bursting, that is to say the sudden development of the vortex with the appearance of a recirculation zone, vortices by accelerating the speed of rotation of the vortex. This acceleration of the speed of rotation is obtained by a device of blowing and suction on the wall of the vehicle, on both sides of the swirling heart. Such a device can however be difficult to implement on certain vehicles because of the size of the suction circuit and air blowing. In addition, such a device is subject to soiling and clogging of the suction and blowing holes.
Le document EP 1 506 911 décrit également un système de réduction des efforts aérodynamiques utilisant des moyens d'aspiration d'air en amont des zones tourbillonnaires et des moyens de soufflage de l'air aspiré en aval de la zone tourbillonnaire pour contrôler l'écoulement de l'air au niveau de la partie arrière du véhicule automobile. Ce type de dispositif présente les mêmes inconvénients que le précédent.The document EP 1 506 911 also describes a system for reducing aerodynamic forces using air suction means upstream of the swirl zones and means for blowing the air sucked downstream of the swirl zone to control the flow. air at the rear of the motor vehicle. This type of device has the same disadvantages as the previous.
L'invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif simple à mettre en œuvre, permettant de déstructurer ou d'éclater les tourbillons longitudinaux qui apparaissent au niveau des montants latéraux de pare-brise et de lunette arrière d'un véhicule automobile afin de réduire les efforts et les fluctuations de pression et ainsi de réduire la traînée aérodynamique d'un véhicule. A cet effet, l'objet de l'invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle d'une structure tourbillonnaire de sillage apparaissant aux parois de véhicules automobiles en mouvement, ladite structure tourbillonnaire s'étendant longitudinalement autour d'un axe longitudinal, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément longitudinal présentant une symétrie de révolution autour de son axe longitudinal, et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de réglage de la longueur et de la position de l'élément longitudinal afin d'aligner sensiblement l'axe de l'élément avec l'axe de ladite structure tourbillonnaire et de régler la longueur de l'élément afin que sa longueur soit suffisante pour provoquer la déstructuration et/ ou l'éclatement de la structure tourbillonnaire.The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a simple device to implement, to destructure or burst the longitudinal vortices that appear at the lateral amounts of the windshield and rear window of a motor vehicle to reduce the forces and pressure fluctuations and thus reduce the aerodynamic drag of a vehicle. For this purpose, the subject of the invention relates to a device for controlling a vortex structure appearing on the walls of moving motor vehicles, said vortex structure extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis, characterized in that it comprises a longitudinal element having a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis, and in that it comprises means for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element so as to substantially align the axis of the longitudinal axis. element with the axis of said vortex structure and adjust the length of the element so that its length is sufficient to cause the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure.
L'élément longitudinal du dispositif selon l'invention engendre une modification des profils de vitesse longitudinale de la structure tourbillonnaire menant à sa destruction et/ ou son éclatement.The longitudinal element of the device according to the invention causes a modification of the longitudinal velocity profiles of the vortex structure leading to its destruction and / or bursting.
La présente invention présente l'avantage de ne pas comporter de systèmes d'aspiration et/ ou de soufflage, qui peuvent être difficiles à mettre en œuvre sur un véhicule en raison des pertes de charge importantes dans les circuits d'air, de l'encombrement des pompes de soufflage et d'aspiration, des salissures et bouchages des orifices d'aspiration et/ou de soufflage.The present invention has the advantage of not including suction systems and / or blowing, which can be difficult to implement on a vehicle because of significant pressure losses in the air circuits, the congestion pumps blowing and suction, dirt and clogging of the suction and / or blowing holes.
L'invention permet également de réduire les coûts matériels et énergétiques par rapport à de tels systèmes, ainsi que les volumes et les niasses nécessaires à son implantation.The invention also makes it possible to reduce the material and energy costs with respect to such systems, as well as the volumes and the masses necessary for its implementation.
Le dispositif selon l'invention permet également d'améliorer les performances aéro- acoustiques d'un véhicule.The device according to the invention also makes it possible to improve the aero-acoustic performance of a vehicle.
Avantageusement, l'élément longitudinal présente un rayon maximal voisin du rayon de ladite structure tourbillonnaire, afin de provoquer l'apparition d'un éclatement dans le cœur de la structure tourbillonnaire.Advantageously, the longitudinal element has a maximum radius close to the radius of said vortex structure, to cause the appearance of a burst in the heart of the vortex structure.
Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend des moyens de mise en rotation dudit élément longitudinal autour de son axe. La rotation de l'élément longitudinal entraîne l'air en mouvement autour de l'élément, c'est-à-dire au voisinage du cœur de la structure tourbillonnaire, ce qui favorise et accélère la déstructuration et/ou l'éclatement de la structure tourbillonnaire.Advantageously, the device comprises means for rotating said longitudinal element about its axis. The rotation of the longitudinal element causes the air moving around the element, that is to say in the vicinity of the core of the vortex structure, which promotes and accelerates the destructuration and / or the bursting of the swirling structure.
De préférence, l'élément longitudinal est pourvu d'une rainure hélicoïdale disposée sur sa surface externe. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément longitudinal est cylindrique, une de ses extrémités étant fixée au véhicule sensiblement au niveau du point d'apparition de la structure tourbillonnaire.Preferably, the longitudinal member is provided with a helical groove disposed on its outer surface. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal element is cylindrical, one of its ends being fixed to the vehicle substantially at the point of appearance of the vortex structure.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément longitudinal est conique, au moins son extrémité de plus faible diamètre étant déplaçable le long de l'axe longitudinal de la structure tourbillonnaire.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal element is conical, at least its smaller diameter end being displaceable along the longitudinal axis of the vortex structure.
Avantageusement, le dispositif selon l'invention comprend des capteurs de pression destinés à être disposés sur les parois du véhicule à proximité de l'axe de la structure tourbillonnaire afin de détecter une variation de la position du tourbillon, un moyen de commande relié aux capteurs et aux moyens de réglage et, le cas échéant, de mise en rotation de l'élément longitudinal, afin de régler la longueur et la position et, le cas échéant de mettre en rotation, l'élément longitudinal. L'invention concerne également un procédé de contrôle d'un dispositif selon l'invention pourvu de capteurs, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un contrôle en boucle de l'élément longitudinal dans lequel : - on mesure les pressions au niveau de chaque capteur,Advantageously, the device according to the invention comprises pressure sensors intended to be arranged on the walls of the vehicle near the axis of the vortex structure in order to detect a variation of the position of the vortex, a control means connected to the sensors and the means for adjusting and, where appropriate, rotating the longitudinal member, in order to adjust the length and position and, where appropriate to rotate, the longitudinal member. The invention also relates to a method for controlling a device according to the invention provided with sensors, characterized in that it comprises a loop control of the longitudinal element in which: the pressures at the level of each sensor are measured
- on détermine si chaque pression mesurée est en dessous ou au dessus de pressions cibles prédéterminées en fonction des conditions de roulement du véhicule, - on commande les moyens de réglage, et le cas échéant les moyens de mise en rotation, de l'élément longitudinal afin que les pressions mesurées convergent vers les pressions cibles.it is determined whether each measured pressure is below or above predetermined target pressures as a function of the rolling conditions of the vehicle; the adjusting means, and, if appropriate, the means for rotating, of the longitudinal element are controlled; so that the measured pressures converge towards the target pressures.
L'invention est maintenant décrite en référence aux dessins annexés, non limitatifs, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue partielle de la lunette arrière d'un véhicule de géométrie simplifiée, équipé d'un dispositif selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;The invention is now described with reference to the accompanying non-limiting drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a partial view of the rear window of a vehicle of simplified geometry, equipped with a device according to a first embodiment of FIG. the invention;
- la figure 2 représente la structure d'un tourbillon longitudinal ;- Figure 2 shows the structure of a longitudinal vortex;
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues de côté et de dessus du véhicule schématisé figure 1 ;FIGS. 3 and 4 are side and top views of the vehicle shown schematically in FIG. 1;
- la figure 5 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 1, sur laquelle l'élément longitudinal est en rotation ;- Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, wherein the longitudinal member is rotated;
- la figure 6 représente une vue agrandie partielle d'une variante de réalisation de l'élément longitudinal représenté sur les figures 1 et 5 ;FIG. 6 represents a partial enlarged view of an alternative embodiment of the longitudinal element represented in FIGS. 1 and 5;
- la figure 7 représente une vue partielle de la lunette arrière d'un véhicule de géométrie simplifiée, équipé d'un dispositif selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention.- Figure 7 shows a partial view of the rear window of a vehicle of simplified geometry, equipped with a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
L'invention va être décrite en référence aux figures, pour une géométrie simplifiée de véhicule bi-corps équipé d'un dispositif selon l'invention.The invention will be described with reference to the figures, for a simplified geometry of two-body vehicle equipped with a device according to the invention.
Plus précisément, la figure 1 représente la lunette arrière 1, une paroi latérale 2, et le pavillon 3 d'un véhicule équipé d'un dispositif de contrôle d'une structure tourbillonnaire 4 de sillage apparaissant aux parois du véhicule en mouvement. Cette structure tourbillonnaire est représentée sur la figure 2.More specifically, Figure 1 shows the rear window 1, a side wall 2, and the roof 3 of a vehicle equipped with a control device of a vortex structure 4 wake appearing on the walls of the moving vehicle. This vortex structure is represented in FIG.
Des analyses topologiques réalisées sur la lunette arrière d'une telle géométrie simplifiée de véhicule permettent d'étudier la structure des tourbillons longitudinaux 4, à partir de techniques de visualisations pariétales (GILLIERON, P., LAURENT, j et CHOMETON, F. (2000),Topological analyzes performed on the rear window of such a simplified vehicle geometry make it possible to study the structure of longitudinal vortices 4, from parietal visualization techniques (GILLIERON, P., LAURENT, J. and CHOMETON, F. (2000). )
"analyse des écoulements de culot par vélocimétrie laser" application à l'automobile, 7ème Congrès de Vélocimétrie Laser, 19-22 septembre 2000) et de simulation numérique (LEHUGEUR, B., GILLIERON, P. & TA-PHOC, L. (2005) "Characterization of longitudinal vortices in the wake of a simplified model" AIAA paper, N°2005-5383 Toronto). La figure 2 représente une telle structure tourbillonnaire 4 s'étendant longitudinalement autour d'un axe longitudinal 5, ainsi que son sens de rotation représenté par les flèches sur la figure 2."analysis of base flows by laser velocimetry" application to automotive, 7th Congress of laser velocimetry, 19-22 September 2000) and numerical simulation (Lehugeur, B., GILLIERON, P. & TA-Phoc, L. (2005) "Characterization of longitudinal vortices in the wake of A simplified model "AIAA paper, No. 2005-5383 Toronto). FIG. 2 represents such a swirling structure 4 extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis 5, as well as its direction of rotation represented by the arrows in FIG. 2.
A proximité de la lunette arrière 1, l'axe 5 du tourbillon longitudinal 4 est quasi stationnaire, et son inclinaison par rapport à la lunette arrière 1 peut être estimée.Near the rear window 1, the axis 5 of the longitudinal vortex 4 is almost stationary, and its inclination relative to the rear window 1 can be estimated.
Ainsi, pour un véhicule bi-corps du type représenté sur les figures, les angles α, β de l'axe 5 du tourbillon longitudinal par rapport au plan de la lunette arrière 1 (figure 3) et au plan de la paroi latérale adjacente 2 (figure 4) sont respectivement voisins de α = 7° et β = 5°(LEHUGEUR et al, AIAA (2005)).Thus, for a two-body vehicle of the type shown in the figures, the angles α, β of the axis 5 of the longitudinal vortex relative to the plane of the rear window 1 (FIG. 3) and to the plane of the adjacent lateral wall 2 (Figure 4) are respectively close to α = 7 ° and β = 5 ° (LEHUGEUR et al, AIAA (2005)).
Selon l'invention, le dispositif de contrôle comprend un élément longitudinal 6 présentant une symétrie de révolution autour de son axe longitudinal.According to the invention, the control device comprises a longitudinal element 6 having a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis.
Le dispositif de contrôle comprend également des moyens de réglage 8 de la longueur et de la position de l'élément longitudinal 6 afin d'aligner sensiblement l'axe de l'élément avec l'axe 5 de ladite structure tourbillonnaire et de régler la longueur de l'élément afin que sa longueur soit suffisante pour provoquer la déstructuration et/ou l'éclatement de la structure tourbillonnaire. Idéalement, le rayon de l'élément longitudinal 6 est voisin du rayon de la structure tourbillonnaire 4, généralement de l'ordre du centimètre.The control device also comprises means 8 for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element 6 in order to substantially align the axis of the element with the axis 5 of said vortex structure and to adjust the length of the element so that its length is sufficient to cause the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure. Ideally, the radius of the longitudinal element 6 is close to the radius of the vortex structure 4, generally of the order of one centimeter.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 6 l'élément longitudinal 6 est cylindrique, une de ses extrémités 6a étant fixée au véhicule sensiblement au niveau du point d'apparition 7 de la structure tourbillonnaire 4.In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 6 the longitudinal element 6 is cylindrical, one of its ends 6a being fixed to the vehicle substantially at the point of appearance 7 of the vortex structure 4.
L'axe de l'élément longitudinal 6 étant aligné avec l'axe 5 de la structure tourbillonnaire, sa présence au cœur de cette dernière engendre des modifications des profils de vitesse longitudinale du tourbillon et initie la formation d'un sillage dans le cœur de la structure tourbillonnaire au niveau de l'extrémité libre 6b de l'élément longitudinal, pour provoquer la déstructuration de cette structure. La structure tourbillonnaire 4 peut ainsi être déstructurée en déployant suffisamment l'élément longitudinal 6 pour que son extrémité libre 6b provoque une déstructuration. A cet effet, l'élément longitudinal 6 peut par exemple être télescopique, et les moyens de réglage peuvent comprendre un moteur, par exemple un moteur électrique, commandant le déploiement de l'élément longitudinal 6.The axis of the longitudinal element 6 being aligned with the axis 5 of the vortex structure, its presence in the heart of the latter causes changes in the longitudinal velocity profiles of the vortex and initiates the formation of a wake in the heart of the vortex structure at the free end 6b of the longitudinal member, to cause the destructuration of this structure. The vortex structure 4 can thus be destructured by sufficiently deploying the longitudinal element 6 so that its free end 6b causes a destructuration. For this purpose, the longitudinal element 6 may for example be telescopic, and the adjustment means may comprise a motor, for example an electric motor, controlling the deployment of the longitudinal element 6.
La déstructuration de la structure tourbillonnaire s'accompagne d'une remontée de la pression statique au niveau de la paroi du véhicule, c'est-à-dire au niveau de la paroi de la lunette arrière dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures, associée à une réduction de la traînée aérodynamique, de l'ordre de 4% pour une géométrie simplifiée de véhicule bi-corps.The destructuring of the vortex structure is accompanied by a rise in the static pressure at the vehicle wall, that is to say at the wall of the rear window in the example shown in the figures, associated with a reduction of the aerodynamic drag, of the order of 4% for a simplified geometry of two-body vehicle.
Avantageusement, le dispositif de contrôle selon l'invention comprend des capteurs de pression 9 destinés à être disposés sur les parois du véhicule à proximité de l'axe 5 de la structure tourbillonnaireAdvantageously, the control device according to the invention comprises pressure sensors 9 intended to be arranged on the vehicle walls near the axis 5 of the vortex structure
(figure 1) afin de détecter une variation de la position du tourbillon, un moyen de commande 10 relié aux capteurs et aux moyens de réglage 8.(FIG. 1) in order to detect a variation of the position of the vortex, a control means 10 connected to the sensors and to the adjustment means 8.
Un contrôle en boucle fermée de l'élément longitudinal permet par exemple d'adapter la position et la longueur de l'élément longitudinal en fonction des conditions de roulement du véhicule, tel que cela sera décrit plus en détail ultérieurement.A closed-loop control of the longitudinal element makes it possible, for example, to adapt the position and the length of the longitudinal element according to the rolling conditions of the vehicle, as will be described in more detail later.
Dans une variante non représentée, l'élément longitudinal 6 peut être conique, sa pointe étant fixée au véhicule.In a variant not shown, the longitudinal element 6 may be tapered, its tip being attached to the vehicle.
Dans une autre variante représentée figure 5, le dispositif de contrôle selon l'invention comprend des moyens de mise en rotation 11 dudit élément longitudinal autour de son axe, tel qu'un moteur électrique par exemple. Il est alors possible de faire tourner l'élément longitudinal dans le sens opposé au sens de rotation de la structure tourbillonnaire, ce qui favorise sa déstructuration, tel que représenté figure 5. Ce moyen de mise en rotation peut être relié à des moyens de commande.In another variant shown in FIG. 5, the control device according to the invention comprises means for rotating said longitudinal element about its axis, such as an electric motor for example. It is then possible to rotate the longitudinal element in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the vortex structure, which promotes its destructuring, as shown in FIG. 5. This rotation means can be connected to control means. .
La vitesse de rotation de l'élément longitudinal est comprise entre 0,5 fois et 2 fois la vitesse de rotation de la structure tourbillonnaire, elle-même de l'ordre de 400 tours/min environ. Dans la variante représentée sur la figure 6, l'élément longitudinalThe rotational speed of the longitudinal element is between 0.5 times and twice the rotational speed of the vortex structure, itself of the order of about 400 revolutions / min. In the variant shown in FIG. 6, the longitudinal element
6 est pourvu d'une rainure hélicoïdale 12 disposée sur sa surface latérale externe. Une telle rainure est destinée à améliorer l'entraînement par rotation des filets de fluide au voisinage du cœur de la structure tourbillonnaire, ce qui permet d'accélérer sa déstructuration.6 is provided with a helical groove 12 disposed on its outer lateral surface. Such a groove is intended to improve the rotation of the fluid threads in the vicinity of the core of the vortex structure, which accelerates its destructuration.
Dans une deuxième variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 7, l'élément longitudinal 6' est conique, son extrémité 6'a de plus faible diamètre étant déplaçable le long de l'axe longitudinal 5 de la structure tourbillonnaire. Ainsi, l'extrémité 6'a pointe en direction du point 7 d'apparition de la structure tourbillonnaire.In a second variant embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the longitudinal element 6 'is conical, its smaller diameter end 6' being displaceable along the longitudinal axis 5 of the vortex structure. Thus, the end 6'a points towards the point 7 of appearance of the vortex structure.
Un tel élément longitudinal conique provoque artificiellement l'apparition d'un point d'arrêt au niveau de la pointe 6'a de l'élément conique, dans le cœur de la structure tourbillonnaire, ce point d'arrêt initiant la formation d'une bulle de recirculation au voisinage de l'axe 5 de la structure tourbillonnaire, provoquant la déstructuration et/ ou l'éclatement de cette dernière. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 7, l'élément longitudinal conique 6' est supporté par un bras 13 fixé sur le bas de la lunette arrière. Dans cet exemple, l'élément longitudinal conique 6' est télescopique, et relié au bras 13 du côté de son extrémité de plus grand diamètre. Il est alors possible en déployant l'élément longitudinal, de faire remonter la pointe 6'a de cet élément vers le haut de la lunette arrière, le long de l'axe 5 de la structure tourbillonnaire.Such a conical longitudinal element artificially causes the appearance of a stopping point at the tip 6'a of the conical element, in the heart of the vortex structure, this stopping point initiating the formation of a recirculation bubble in the vicinity of the axis 5 of the vortex structure, causing the destructuration and / or bursting of the latter. In the example shown in Figure 7, the conical longitudinal member 6 'is supported by an arm 13 fixed on the bottom of the rear window. In this example, the conical longitudinal element 6 'is telescopic, and connected to the arm 13 on the side of its end of larger diameter. It is then possible by deploying the longitudinal element, to raise the tip 6'a of this element to the top of the rear window, along the axis 5 of the vortex structure.
Dans une variante non représentée, l'élément longitudinal pourrait être supporté par un bras fixé de la même manière à l'élément longitudinal, mais pouvant coulisser le long de la lunette au moyen d'un rail disposé sous cette dernière.In a variant not shown, the longitudinal member could be supported by an arm fixed in the same way to the longitudinal member, but slidable along the bezel by means of a rail disposed under the latter.
Il est également possible de faire tourner sur lui-même un tel élément longitudinal, pourvu ou non d'une rainure hélicoïdale sur sa surface latérale, afin de favoriser la déstructuration et/ou l'éclatement de la structure tourbillonnaire. Avantageusement, le dispositif selon l'invention est mis en œuvre au moyen d'un procédé de contrôle en boucle de l'élément longitudinal dans lequel :It is also possible to rotate on itself such a longitudinal element, with or without a helical groove on its side surface, to promote the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure. Advantageously, the device according to the invention is implemented by means of a loop control method of the longitudinal element in which:
- on mesure les pressions au niveau de chaque capteur 9,the pressures at the level of each sensor 9 are measured,
- on détermine si chaque pression mesurée est en dessous ou au dessus de pressions cibles prédéterminées en fonction des conditions de roulement du véhicule, - on commande, par l'intermédiaire des moyens de commande 10, les moyens de réglage 8, et le cas échéant les moyens de mise en rotation 11, de l'élément longitudinal afin que les pressions mesurées convergent vers les pressions cibles. Le dispositif de contrôle selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être de petite dimension ce qui permet des gains en terme de coût, d'alimentation énergétique, d'encombrement et de masse. Lorsque le dispositif n'est pas actif, l'élément longitudinal peut être rétractable, et peut alors s'intégrer dans la carrosserie du véhicule. Des réductions proches de 4% ont été relevées par calcul à partir d'éléments longitudinaux cylindriques positionnés sur l'axe des structures tourbillonnaires d'une lunette arrière.it is determined whether each measured pressure is below or above predetermined target pressures as a function of the rolling conditions of the vehicle, the adjustment means 8 and, if appropriate, the rotation means 11, of the longitudinal element are controlled by means of the control means 10 so that the measured pressures converge towards the target pressures. The control device according to the invention has the advantage of being of small size which allows gains in terms of cost, energy supply, bulk and mass. When the device is not active, the longitudinal member can be retractable, and can then integrate into the vehicle body. Reductions close to 4% were recorded by calculation from longitudinal cylindrical elements positioned on the axis of the vortex structures of a rear window.
Pour un véhicule automobile de coefficient aérodynamique Cx=0,3, de maître couple S = 2,5m2, se déplaçant à la vitesse Vo = 40 m.s x, la traînée Fx et la puissance aérodynamique PD dissipée dans le sillage sont respectivement :For a motor vehicle of aerodynamic coefficient Cx = 0.3, master torque S = 2.5m 2 , traveling at speed Vo = 40 ms x , the drag F x and the aerodynamic power PD dissipated in the wake are respectively:
Fx = Cx y UJ2 ref « 0,3 x y x 402 x 2,5 ≈ 120N PD = Fx x U∞ ≈ 2880(WF x = C x y UJ 2 ref "0.3 xyx 40 2 x 2.5 ≈ 120N P D = F x x U ∞ ≈ 2880 (W
Dans le cas d'un véhicule équipé d'éléments longitudinaux cylindriques tournant, positionnés sur les axes des structures tourbillonnaires de la lunette arrière et des montants de pare-brise, la réduction de puissance aérodynamique dissipée est égale à :In the case of a vehicle equipped with rotating cylindrical longitudinal elements, positioned on the axes of the vortex structures of the rear window and the windscreen pillars, the aerodynamic power reduction dissipated is equal to:
PG = 2x (0,04xPD)≈ 2300WP G = 2x (0.04xD D) ≈ 2300W
Ainsi, le dispositif selon l'invention permettrait un gain aérodynamique de l'ordre de 2300W pour une dépense estimée à 200WThus, the device according to the invention would allow an aerodynamic gain of the order of 2300W for an estimated expenditure of 200W
(pour un fonctionnement continu avec rotation de l'élément longitudinal), soit un gain final de l'ordre de 2100 Watts.(For continuous operation with rotation of the longitudinal element), a final gain of the order of 2100 Watts.
Dans le cas d'un élément longitudinal se déplaçant suivant un mouvement ponctuel dans le temps, et sans rotation, la puissance nécessaire au fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention devient négligeable et le gain final est égal à 2300W. In the case of a longitudinal element moving according to a one-time movement in time, and without rotation, the power required for the operation of the device according to the invention becomes negligible and the final gain is equal to 2300 W.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de contrôle d'une structure tourbillonnaire (4) de sillage apparaissant aux parois de véhicules automobiles en mouvement, ladite structure tourbillonnaire s'étendant longitudinalement autour d'un axe longitudinal (5), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément longitudinal (6, 6') présentant une symétrie de révolution autour de son axe longitudinal, et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de réglage (8) de la longueur et de la position de l'élément longitudinal afin d'aligner sensiblement l'axe de l'élément avec l'axe de ladite structure tourbillonnaire et de régler la longueur de l'élément afin que sa longueur soit suffisante pour provoquer la déstructuration et/ ou l'éclatement de la structure tourbillonnaire.1. Device for controlling a vortex structure (4) of wake appearing on the walls of moving motor vehicles, said vortex structure extending longitudinally about a longitudinal axis (5), characterized in that it comprises an element longitudinal axis (6, 6 ') having a symmetry of revolution about its longitudinal axis, and in that it comprises means (8) for adjusting the length and the position of the longitudinal element so as to substantially align the axis of the element with the axis of said vortex structure and adjust the length of the element so that its length is sufficient to cause the destructuration and / or bursting of the vortex structure.
2. Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément longitudinal (6, 6') présente un rayon maximal voisin du rayon de ladite structure tourbillonnaire.2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal element (6, 6 ') has a maximum radius close to the radius of said vortex structure.
3. Dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (11) de mise en rotation dudit élément longitudinal (6, 6') autour de son axe.3. Control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises means (11) for rotating said longitudinal member (6, 6 ') about its axis.
4. dispositif de contrôle selon Tune des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément longitudinal (6, 6') est pourvu d'une rainure hélicoïdale (12) disposée sur sa surface externe.4. Control device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the longitudinal member (6, 6 ') is provided with a helical groove (12) disposed on its outer surface.
5. Dispositif de contrôle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément longitudinal (6) est cylindrique, une de ses extrémités (6a) étant fixée au véhicule sensiblement au niveau du point d'apparition de la structure tourbillonnaire.5. Control device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal element (6) is cylindrical, one of its ends (6a) being fixed to the vehicle substantially at the point of appearance of the swirling structure.
6. Dispositif de contrôle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément longitudinal (6') est conique, au moins son extrémité (6'a) de plus faible diamètre étant déplaçable le long de l'axe longitudinal de la structure tourbillonnaire. 6. Control device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal member (6 ') is conical, at least its end (6'a) of smaller diameter being movable along the longitudinal axis of the vortex structure.
7. Dispositif de contrôle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des capteurs de pression (9) destinés à être disposés sur les parois du véhicule à proximité de l'axe de la structure tourbillonnaire afin de détecter une variation de la position du tourbillon, un moyen de commande (10) relié aux capteurs et aux moyens de réglage (8) et, le cas échéant aux moyens (11) de mise en rotation de l'élément longitudinal afin de régler la longueur et la position de et, le cas échéant de mettre en rotation, l'élément longitudinal.7. Control device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises pressure sensors (9) intended to be arranged on the walls of the vehicle near the axis of the vortex structure in order to detecting a variation of the position of the vortex, a control means (10) connected to the sensors and to the adjustment means (8) and, if appropriate, to the means (11) for rotating the longitudinal element in order to adjust the length and the position and, if necessary to rotate, the longitudinal element.
8. Procédé de contrôle d'un dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un contrôle en boucle de l'élément longitudinal dans lequel :8. A method of controlling a device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a loop control of the longitudinal element in which:
- on mesure les pressions au niveau de chaque capteur,the pressures at the level of each sensor are measured
- on détermine si chaque pression mesurée est en dessous ou au dessus de pressions cibles prédéterminées en fonction des conditions de roulement du véhicule, - on commande les moyens de réglage, et le cas échéant les moyens de mise en rotation, de l'élément longitudinal afin que les pressions mesurées convergent vers les pressions cibles. it is determined whether each measured pressure is below or above predetermined target pressures as a function of the rolling conditions of the vehicle; the adjusting means, and, if appropriate, the means for rotating, of the longitudinal element are controlled; so that the measured pressures converge towards the target pressures.
PCT/FR2007/051251 2006-05-29 2007-05-11 Device for controlling aerodynamic turbulence occurring at the walls of moving motor vehicles, and method using same WO2007138212A1 (en)

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FR0604754A FR2901530B1 (en) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A WINDING TOURBILLONARY STRUCTURE APPEARING IN THE WALLS OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN MOTION, AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING SUCH A DEVICE

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US11858563B2 (en) 2021-09-23 2024-01-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Aerodynamic rear fences for vehicles
US11939005B2 (en) 2021-11-23 2024-03-26 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Deployable active D-pillar spoiler for vehicles

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US11858563B2 (en) 2021-09-23 2024-01-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Aerodynamic rear fences for vehicles
US11939005B2 (en) 2021-11-23 2024-03-26 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Deployable active D-pillar spoiler for vehicles

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