WO2007128540A1

WO2007128540A1 - Pesticidal combinations

Info

Publication number: WO2007128540A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/003995
Authority: WO
Inventors: Franz Brandl; Ronald Zeun; Michael Oostendorp
Original assignee: Syngenta Participations Ag
Priority date: 2006-05-08
Filing date: 2007-05-07
Publication date: 2007-11-15
Also published as: EA022050B1; EA200802205A1; UA98459C2; EP2020853A1; AR060859A1

Abstract

A method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, and optionally (III) thiamethoxam.

Description

Pesticidal Combinations

The present invention relates to the use of a defined combination of pesticidal active ingredients, and compositions thereof, and methods for using such combinations in the control or prevention of pathogenic and/or pest damage in a plant propagation material and plant organs that grow at a later point in time.

Certain combinations of active ingredients for controlling pathogens and pests are described in the literature. The biological properties of those known combinations are not entirely satisfactory in the areas of pathogenic control, phytotoxicity, and environmental and worker exposure, for example. In particular, in the instance a pathogen has become, or risks becoming resistant to the previously known combinations, improved methods of control or prevention are sought.

The protection of plant propagation materials (especially seeds) with active ingredients are target applications which partially address the need for a reduction of environmental and worker exposure when used alone or in conjunction with foliar or in-furrow active ingredient applications.

There is a continuing need to provide pesticidal combinations, which provide improved, for example, biological properties, for example, synergistic properties, especially for controlling pathogens.

That need is solved according to the invention by the provision of the present pesticidal combination. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, and optionally (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously. Each of the combination demonstrates synergistic activity compared to activity of compounds alone.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant, part of a plant, plant organ or plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising (I) flutriafol, (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam.

Further, also provided is a method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant, part of a plant, plant organ or plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

The invention also relates to a plant propagation material treated with the combination defined in the first aspect.

Further, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a method which comprises (i) treating a plant propagation material, such as a seed, with a pesticidal combination as defined in the first aspect, and (ii) planting or sowing the treated propagation material, wherein the combination protects against pathogenic damage or pest damage of the treated plant propagation material, part of plant, plant organ and/or plant grown from the treated propagation material.

Also, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a method which comprises (i) treating a plant propagation material, such as a seed, with a pesticidal combination as defined in the first aspect, and (ii) planting or sowing the treated propagation material, and (iii) achieving protection against pathogenic damage or pest damage of the treated plant propagation material, part of plant, plant organ and/or plant grown from the treated propagation material.

In an embodiment of any aspect of the invention, each combination is a composition of (I) and (II), and optionally (IV) one or more customary formulation auxiliaries.

In an embodiment of any aspect of the invention, the combination is a composition of (I), (II), and (III) thiamethoxam, and optionally (IV) one or more customary formulation auxiliaries. The compounds (I), (II) and (III) defined in the first aspect are active ingredients for use in the agrochemical industry (also known as pesticides). A description of their structure as well as other pesticides (e.g., fungicides, insecticides, nematicides) can be found in the e-Pesticide Manual, version 3.1 , 13th Edition, Ed. CDC Tomlin, British Crop Protection Council, 2004-05.

Controlling, preventing or protecting and its inflections, within the context of the present invention, mean reducing any undesired effect, such as

- pathogenic, such as phytopathogenic, especially fungi, infestation or attack of, and - pathogenic damage or pest damage on, a plant, part of the plant, plant organ or plant propagation material to such a level that an improvement is demonstrated.

The pesticidal combinations according to the invention can have very advantageous properties for protecting plants against (i) pathogenic, such as phytopathogenic, especially fungi, attack or infestation, which result in a disease and damage to the plant and/or (ii) pest attack or damage; particularly in instance of plants, the present invention can control or prevent pathogenic damage and/or pest damage on a seed, part of plant, plant organ and/or plant grown from the treated seed.

These properties are for example the synergistically enhanced action of active ingredient combinations of the invention, resulting in lower pathogenic damage and/or pest damage, lower rates of application, broadening of the pesticidal spectrum of the combination or a longer duration of action. In the instance of agriculture, the enhanced action is found to show an improvement in the growing characteristics of a plant by, for example, higher than expected control of the pathogenic infestation and/or pest damage.

The improvement in the growing (or growth) characteristics of a plant can manifest in a number of different ways, but ultimately it results in a better product of the plant. It can, for example, manifest in improving the yield and/or vigour of the plant or quality of the harvested product from the plant, which improvement may not be connected to the control of diseases and/or pests.

As used herein the phrase "improving the yield" of a plant relates to an increase in the yield of a product of the plant by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the subject method. It is preferred that the yield be increased by at least about 0.5%, more preferred that the increase be at least about 1%, even more preferred is about 2%, and yet more preferred is about 4%, or more. Yield can be expressed in terms of an amount by weight or volume of a product of the plant on some basis. The basis can be expressed in terms of time, growing area, weight of plants produced, amount of a raw material used, or the like.

As used herein the phrase "improving the vigour" of a plant relates to an increase or improvement of the vigour rating, or the stand (the number of plants per unit of area), or the plant height, or the plant canopy, or the visual appearance (such as greener leaf colour), or the root rating, or emergence, or protein content, or increased tillering, or bigger leaf blade, or less dead basal leaves, or stronger tillers, or less fertilizer needed, or less seeds needed, or more productive tillers, or earlier flowering, or early grain maturity, or less plant verse (lodging), or increased shoot growth, or earlier germination, or any combination of these factors, or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art, by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the subject method.

When it is said that the present method is capable of "improving the yield and/or vigour" of a plant, the present method results in an increase in either the yield, as described above, or the vigor of the plant, as described above, or both the yield and the vigor of the plant.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method of improving the growing characterictics of a plant, which comprises applying to a plant propagation material the combination, as defined in the first aspect, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

However, besides the actual synergistic action with respect to pesticidal activity, the combinations according to the invention also have further surprising advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: advantageous behaviour during formulation and/or upon application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved stability to light; more advantageuos degradability; improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour; or any other advantages familiar to a person skilled in the art.

A combination according to the invention can also be used to treat stored products, such as grain, for protection against pathogens and/or pests.

In an embodiment, flutriafol and fludioxonil; or flutriafol, fludioxonil and thiamethoxam is a combination according to the invention.

Each of the combination according to the present invention can be effective against phytopathogenic fungi, including seedborne fungi and belong to the following classes: Ascomycetes (e.g. Penicillium, Gaeumannomyces graminis); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Puccinia); Fungi imperfecti (e. g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides); Oomycetes (e. g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Bremia, Pythium, Plasmopara); Zygomycetes (e.g., Rhizopus spp.). The combination is especially effective against Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Claviceps purpurea, Cochliobolus spp., Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium spp. (such as Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium moniliforme), Gaeumannomyces graminis, Helminthosporium graminearum, Monographella nivalis, Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora spp. (such as Pyrenophora graminea), Phythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria spp., Pseudocercosporella, Tilletia spp., Typhula spp., Ustilago spp., Sphacelotheca spp. (e.g. Spacelotheca reilliani), Microdochium nivale and/or Verticillium spp..

In the event a combination of the invention includes a pesticide other than fungicide (such as thiamethoxam) then the pesticide spectrum of the combination is broadened to include pest control, such as control of pests selected from Nematoda, lnsecta and Arachnida. In that instance, the combination can also be applied on the pest to control or prevent pest damage and protect the desired material (e.g. plant propagation material, plant, plant organ and part of plant) from pest damage. Examples of pests include: from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia spp., Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Crysodeixis includens, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., HeIIuIa undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp.,

Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example, Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Gonocephalum spp., Heteronychus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillia spp., Protostrophus spp.,

Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example, Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example, Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order Homoptera, for example, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium comi, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex, Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, , Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Delia spp., Drosophila melanogaster, , Liriomyza spp., , Melanagromyza spp., , Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp.; and from the order Acarina, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., , Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus carpini, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Omithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp..

The combinations of the invention can be formulated for a particular use, such as an agrochemical use. Preferably, the combination is formulated for protecting propagation materials. Advantageously, the combinations are formulated for seed treatment applications for controlling or preventing damage by pests and/or pathogens, which are found in agriculture and forestry, and can particularly damage the plant in the early stages of its development.

Accordingly, the benefit from the invention can also be achieved either by (i) treating plant propagation material with a combinaton and (ii) applying to the locus where control is desired.

The term "plant propagation material" is understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes). There may be mentioned, e.g., the seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, parts of plants. Germinated plants and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion of the plant propagation material.

Part of plant and plant organ that grow at later point in time are any sections of a plant that develop from a plant propagation material, such as a seed. Part of plant, plant organ, and plant can also benefit from the pathogenic and/or pest damage protection achieved by the application of the combination on to the plant propagation material. In an embodiment, certain part of plant and certain plant organ that grow at later point in time can also be considered as plant propagation material, which can themselves be applied (or treated) with the combination; and consequently, the plant, further part of the plant and further plant organ that develop from the treated part of plant and treated plant organ can also benefit from the pathogenic and/or pest damage protection achieved by the application of the combination on to the certain part of plant and certain plant organ.

Methods for applying or treating pesticidal active ingredients, mixtures and compositions thereof on to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting and soaking application methods of the propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the combination is applied or treated on to the plant propagation material by a method such that the germination is not induced; generally seed soaking induces germination because the moisture content of the resulting seed is too high. Accordingly, examples of suitable methods for applying (or treating) a plant propagation material, such as a seed, is seed dressing, seed coating or seed pelleting and alike.

It is preferred that the plant propagation material is a seed. Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no damage during the treatment process. Typically, the seed would be a seed that had been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process (seed directed applications). The seed may also be primed, according to techniques understood by a skilled person, either before or after the treatment.

Even distribution of the active ingredients and adherence thereof to the seeds is desired during propagation material treatment. Treatment could vary from a thin film (dressing) of the formulation containing the active ingredient(s) on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recognizable to an intermediary state (such as a coating) and then to a thicker film (such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays; different formulations, such as of other active ingredients; polymers; and colourants) where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognisable.

The seed treatment occurs to an unsown seed, and the term "unsown seed" is meant to include seed at any period between the harvest of the seed and the sowing of the seed in the ground for the purpose of germination and growth of the plant.

Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the active ingredient is applied to the sou but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process.

Preferably, the treatment occurs before sowing of the seed so that the sown seed has been pre-treated with the combination. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the combinations according to the invention. As a result of the treatment, the active ingredients in the combination are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pathogenic and/or pest control.

The treated seeds can be stored, handled, sowed and tilled in the same manner as any other active ingredient treated seed.

The combination according to the present invention is suitable for plants of the crops: cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops); beet (sugar beet and fodder beet); leguminous plants (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans); oil plants (rape, mustard, sunflowers); cucumber plants (marrows, cucumbers, melons); fibre plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute); vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika); as well as ornamentals (flowers, shrubs, broad- leaved trees and evergreens, such as conifers). Especially suitable are wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale.

Suitable target crops also include transgenic crop plants of the foregoing types. The transgenic crop plants used according to the invention are plants, or propagation material thereof, which are transformed by means of recombinant DNA technology in such a way that they are - for instance - capable of synthesizing selectively acting toxins as are known, for example, from toxin-producing invertebrates, especially of the phylum Arthropoda, as can be obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis strains; or as are known from plants, such as lectins; or in the alternative capable of expressing a herbicidal or fungicidal resistance. Examples of such toxins, or transgenic plants which are capable of synthesizing such toxins, have been disclosed, for example, in EP-A-O 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-O 427 529 and EP-A-451 878 and are incorporated by reference in the present application.

The weight ratio of active compounds is selected as to give the desired, for example synergistic, action. In general, the weight ratio would vary depending on the specific active ingredient and how many active ingredients are present in the combination. Generally, the weight ratio of any two active ingredients in a combination is from from 10:1 to 1 :10, such as 5:1 to 1 :5, preferably from 2.5:1 to 1 :2.5, more preferably, 1.5:1 to 1 :1.5.

Specific examples of weight ratios for flutriafol and fludioxonil is typically from 5:1 to 1 :5, preferably from 2.5:1 to 1 :2.5, more preferably from 1.5:1 to 1 :1.5.

The rates of application (use) of the combination vary, for example, according to type of use, type of crop, the specific active ingredients in the combination, type of plant propagation material (if appropriate), but is such that the active ingredients in the combination is an effective amount to provide the desired enhanced action (such as disease or pest control) and can be determined by trials.

Generally for seed treatment, application rates can vary from 0.5 to 1000g/ 100kg of seeds of active ingredients. In the event the active ingredients are flutriafol and fludioxonil, the application rates for (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, tend to be 0.5 - 20, preferably 1 - 10, more preferably 3 - 7, especially 4 - 6, g/100kg of seeds of (I) and 0.5 - 20, preferably 1 - 10, more preferably 3 - 7, especially 4 - 6, g/100kg of seeds of (II).

In the event the active ingredients are flutriafol, fludioxonil and thiamethoxam, the application rates for (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam, tend to be 0.5 - 20, preferably 1 - 10, more preferably 3 - 7, especially 4 - 6, g/100kg of seeds of (I), 0.5 - 20, preferably 1 - 10, more preferably 3 - 7, especially 4 - 6, g/100kg of seeds of (II), and 1 - 150, preferably 20 - 120, more preferably 40 - 100, especially 60 - 80, g/100kg of seeds of (III).

The plant propagation material treated by a combination of the present invention are, therefore, resistant to disease and/or pest damage; accordingly, the present invention also provides a pathogenic and/or pest resistant plant propagation material which is treated with the combination and consequently at least the active ingredients thereof are adhered on the propagation material, such a seed.

The seed treatment combination and composition can also comprise or may be applied together and/or sequentially with further active compounds. These further compounds can be other pesticidal active ingredients, fertilizers or micronutrient donors or other preparations that influence plant growth, such as inoculants.

A single pesticidal active ingredient may have activity in more than area of pest control, for example, a pesticide may have fungicide, insecticide and nematicide activity. Specifically, aldicarb is known for insecticide, acaricide and nematicide activity, while metam is known for insecticide, herbicide, fungicide and nematicide activity, and thiabendazole and captan can provide nematicide and fungicide activity.

The combination of the present invention may be mixed with other pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides and nematicides.

Suitable examples include triazole derivatives, strobilurins, carbamate (including thiocarbamate), benzimidazoles (thiabendazole), N-trihalomethylthio compounds (captan), substituted benzenes, carboxamides, phenylamides and phenylpyrroles, and mixtures thereof; and neonicotinoids, carbamates and pyrethroids.

Suitable examples of active ingredients for use with each of the combination of the present invention, in particular, fludioxonil and flutriafol, are a pesticidal manganese compound (such as mancozeb, maneb), silthiofam, clothianidin and imidacloprid.

The compounds of the combination according to the invention, and any other pesticides, may be used either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size, or preferably together with at least one of the auxiliary (also known as adjuvants) customary in formulation technology, such as extenders, e.g., solvents or solid carriers, or surface-active compounds (surfactants), in the form of a formulation, in the present invention. Generally, the compounds (I) and (II) are in the form of a formulation composition with (IV) one or more of customary formulation auxiliaries.

Therefore, the combination of compounds is normally used in the form of formulations. The compounds can be applied to the locus where control is desired either simultaneously or in succession at short interval, for example on the same day, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds are applied simultaneously.

In the event compounds are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing (I) and (II) and optionally (III), in which case each of (I) and (II) and optionally (III)) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry), optionally with other pesticides, or (I) and (II) and optionally (III)) can be obtained as single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product)), and optionally mixed together with other pesticides.

In an embodiment, the combination of the present invention is applied as a composition. Accordingly, the present invention is a composition comprising, as active ingredients, (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil and optionally (III) thiamethoxam, and optionally other pesticides, and optionally one or more customary formulation auxiliaries; which may be in the form of a tank-mix or pre-mix composition

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the combination of flutriafol and fludioxonil and flutriafol, fludioxonil and thiamethoxam are provided in the form of a pre-mix composition (or mixture).

In an embodiment, a pre-mix composition of flutriafol and fludioxonil is used in combination with thiamethoxam as a tank-mix.

Examples of seed treatment formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:

WS: wettable powders for seed treatment slurry

LS: solution for seed treatment

ES: emulsions for seed treatment FS: suspension concentrate for seed treatment

WG: water dispersible granules, and

CS: aqueous capsule suspension.

Examples of formulation types suitable for tank-mix compositions are solutions, dilute emulsions, suspensions, or a mixture thereof, and dusts.

As with the nature of the formulations, the methods of application, such as foliar, drench, spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering, coating or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.

The tank-mix compositions are generally prepared by diluting with a solvent (for example, water) the one or more pre-mix compositions containing different pesticides, and optionally further auxiliaries.

Suitable carriers and adjuvants can be solid or liquid and are the substances ordinarily employed in formulation technology, e.g. natural or regenerated mineral substances, solvents, dispersants, wetting agents, tackifiers, thickeners, binders or fertilizers. The formulations are prepared in known manner, e.g., by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with extenders, e.g., solvents, solid carriers and, where appropriate, surface-active compounds (surfactants).

Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes, phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and glycols and their ethers and esters, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide, as well as vegetable oils or epoxidised vegetable oils, such as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; or water.

The solid carriers used, e.g., for dusts and dispersible powders, are normally natural mineral fillers, such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite. In order to improve the physical properties it is also possible to add highly dispersed silicic acid or highly dispersed absorbent polymers. Suitable granulated adsorptive carriers are porous types, for example pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite, and suitable nonsorbent carriers are, for example, calcite or sand. In addition, a great number of pregranulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, e.g., especially dolomite or pulverized plant residues.

Depending upon the nature of the active ingredient compounds to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. The term "surfactants" will also be understood as comprising mixtures of surfactants.

Particularly advantageous application-promoting adjuvants are also natural or synthetic phospholipids of the cephalin and lecithin series, e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine, phos- phatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and lysolecithin.

Normally, a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75 %, active ingredient compounds, and 99.75 to 20 %, especially 99 to 25 %, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40 %, especially 0.5 to 30 %, based on the tank-mix formulation.

Typically, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9 %, especially 1 to 95 %, active ingredient compounds, and 99.5 to 0.1 %, especially 99 to 5 %, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 %, especially 0.5 to 40 %, based on the pre-mix formulation.

Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (e.g., pre-mix composition (formulation)), the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (e.g., tank mix composition).

Preferred seed treatment pre-mix formulations are aqueous suspension concentrates. The formulation can be applied to the seeds using conventional treating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters. Other methods, such as spouted beds may also be useful. The seeds may be presized before coating. After coating, the seeds are typically dried and then transferred to a sizing machine for sizing. Such procedures are known in the art.

The Examples which follow serve to illustrate the formulations suitable for compounds (I) and (II), "active ingredient" denoting a combination of compound I and compound Il in a specific mixing ratio.

Formulation Examples Wettable powders a) b) c) active ingredient [l:ll = 1 :6(a), 1 :2(b), 1 :1 (c)] 25 % 50 % 75 % sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 % - sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 % sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate - 6 % 10 % phenol polyethylene glycol ether - 2 % - (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide) highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 % Kaolin 62 % 27 % The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.

Dusts a) b) c) active ingredient [l:ll = 1 :6(a), 1 :2(b), 1 :10(c)] 5 % 6 % 4 %

Talcum 95 %

Kaolin - 94 % mineral filler - - 96 % Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can be used for dry dressings for seed.

Suspension concentrates (a) (b) active ingredient (l:ll = 1 :1 (a); 1 :8(b)) 5% 30 % propylene glycol 10% 10 % Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates 5 % 6 % sodium lignosulfonate - 10 % carboxymethylcellulose - 1 % silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 1 % 1 % Colour pigment 5 % 5 % water 74 % 37 %

The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Alternatively, a suspension of the active ingredients and auxiliaries (including water) is wet milled with a bead-mill to achieve a stable formulation and with the appropriate treatment characteristics.

Using such formulations either straight or diluted plant propagation material can be treated and protected against damage, for example, from pathogen(s), by, for example, spraying, pouring or immersing.

The active ingredient combinations according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that they are especially well tolerated by plants and are environmentally friendly. In a preferred embodiment, each of the combination of the present invention is a plant propagation material, preferably seed, treating composition.

In each aspect and embodiment of the invention, "consisting essentially" and inflections thereof are a preferred embodiment of "comprising" and its inflections, and "consisting of" and inflections thereof are a preferred embodiment of "consisting essentially of" and its inflections.

The following Examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation of the invention.

Biological Examples

Inhibiting of fungal growth of the following fungi are carried out by fungal growth assays (detailed below).

Rhizoctonia so/an/ (foot rot, damping-off): Mycelial fragments of a newly grown culture of the fungus, are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates were incubated at 24 C and the inhibition of growth is measured photometrically after 72 hrs.

Microdochium nivale: Conidia of the fungus from cryogenic storage are directly mixed into nutrient broth (PDB potato dextrose broth). After placing a (DMSO) solution of the test compounds into a microtiter plate (96-well format) the nutrient broth containing the fungal spores is added. The test plates are incubated at 24⁰C and the inhibition of growth is measured photometrically after 72 hrs.

Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Pathogen Microdochium nivale

The expected fungicide interactions in the combinations are calculated according to COLBY method.

Claims

1. A method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, and optionally (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the combination further comprises one or more customary formulation auxiliaries.

3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the combination comprises thiamethoxam.

4 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the weight ratio of any two active ingredients in the combination is from from 10:1 to 1 : 10.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the application rates for (i) is 0.5 - 20 g/100kg of seeds and (II) is 0.5 - 20 g/100kg of seeds of (M)₁ and in the instance (III) is also present, the application rate for (III) is 1 - 150 g/100kg of seeds.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combination further comprises one or more other fungicides.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the combination further comprises one or more other insecticides and/or nematicides.

8. The method according to either claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the combination further comprises one or more of a manganese compound, silthiofam, clothianidin and imidacloprid are also present.

9. A method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, and optionally (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

10. A method of improving the growing characterictics of a plant, which comprises applying to a plant propagation material of the plant, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil, and optionally (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

1 1. The method according to either claim 9 or 10, wherein the combination is as defined in any one of claims 2 to 4 and 6 & 7.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1 , wherein the combination is applied before the plant propagation material is sown or planted.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed.

14. A plant propagation material treated with the combination defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.

15. The plant propagation material according to claim 14 wherein the material is a seed.

16. A pesticidal combination comprising (I) flutriafol, (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam.

17 The combination according to claim 16 wherein the weight ratio of any two active ingredients in the combination is from from 10:1 to 1 : 10.

18. The combination according to either claim 16 or 17 wherein the combination further comprises one or more other fungicides.

19. The combination according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the combination further comprises one or more other insecticides and/or nematicides.

20. The combination according to either claim 18 or claim 19 wherein one or more of a manganese compound, silthiofam, clothianidin and imidacloprid are also present.

21. A method of controlling or preventing pathogenic damage or pest damage in a plant propagation material, a plant, part of a plant and/or plant organ that grow at a later point in time, which comprises applying on the plant, part of a plant, plant organ or plant propagation material, a combination comprising (I) flutriafol and (II) fludioxonil and (III) thiamethoxam, in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

OF SUBJECT MATTER

5/653 A01N43/36 A01N51/00

According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC

B. FIELDS SEARCHED

Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols)

AOlN

Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched

Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practical, search terms used)

EPO-Internal , CHEM ABS Data, BIOSIS, WPI Data

C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT

Category^* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No

WO 2005/051081 A (SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS 16-20 AG [CH]; STEINER JOHANN [CH]; THYS AMBER PAULA) 9 June 2005 (2005-06-09) claims 10,13

WO 98/57543 A (NOVARTIS AG [CH]; NOVARTIS 1-21 ERFIND VERWALT GMBH [AT]; MUELLER KASPAR [C) 23 December 1998 (1998-12-23) page 2, paragraph 2

Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C See patent family annex

^* Special categories of cited documents

"T" later document published after the international filing date or pπoπty date and not in conflict with the application but

'A' document defining the general state of the art which is not cited to understand the principle or theory underlying the considered to be of particular relevance invention "E' earlier document but published on or after the international "X¹ document of particular relevance, the claimed invention filing date cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to

"L" document which may throw doubts on pπoπty claιm(s) or involve an inventive step when the document is taken alone which is cited to establish the publication date of another "Y" document of particular relevance, the claimed invention citation or other special reason (as specified) cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the

"O" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or document is combined with one or more other such docuother means ments, such combination being obvious to a person skilled

'P' document published prior to the international filing date but in the art later than the priority date claimed '&^■ document member of the same patent family

Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report

1 August 2007 08/08/2007

Name and mailing address of the ISA/ Authorized officer

European Patent Office, P B 5818 Patentlaan 2 NL - 2280 HV Rl|SWI|k TeI (+31-70) 340-2040, Tx 31 651 epo nl, Fax (+31-70) 340-3016 Bertrand, Franck

Form PCT/ISA/210 (second sheet) (April 2005)