WO2007119103A1 - Labeled macrophages and methods of use thereof - Google Patents

Labeled macrophages and methods of use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007119103A1
WO2007119103A1 PCT/IB2006/004007 IB2006004007W WO2007119103A1 WO 2007119103 A1 WO2007119103 A1 WO 2007119103A1 IB 2006004007 W IB2006004007 W IB 2006004007W WO 2007119103 A1 WO2007119103 A1 WO 2007119103A1
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Prior art keywords
cholesterol
labeled
macrophage
subject
cyclodextrin
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PCT/IB2006/004007
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French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Bender
Allan M. Green
Perry Kim
Robert Kisilevsky
Douglas S. Mcnair
Shui-Pang Tam
Original Assignee
Robert Bender
Green Allan M
Perry Kim
Robert Kisilevsky
Mcnair Douglas S
Shui-Pang Tam
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Application filed by Robert Bender, Green Allan M, Perry Kim, Robert Kisilevsky, Mcnair Douglas S, Shui-Pang Tam filed Critical Robert Bender
Publication of WO2007119103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007119103A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
    • A61K51/04—Organic compounds
    • A61K51/0493—Steroids, e.g. cholesterol, testosterone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
    • A61K51/1203—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules in a form not provided for by groups A61K51/1206 - A61K51/1296, e.g. cells, cell fragments, viruses, virus capsides, ghosts, red blood cells, viral vectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
    • A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
    • A61K51/1268—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules host-guest, closed hollow molecules, inclusion complexes, e.g. with cyclodextrins, clathrates, cavitates, fullerenes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
    • G01N33/5047—Cells of the immune system
    • G01N33/5055—Cells of the immune system involving macrophages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2405/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving lipids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
    • G01N2500/10—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value involving cells

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a method for labeling a macrophage.
  • the method includes contacting the macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled.
  • the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject.
  • the method includes administering to the subject a macrophage comprising labeled cholesterol; administering to the subject an amount of the test drug; and monitoring the rate of release of the labeled cholesterol in the subject.
  • the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a diagnostic composition comprising macrophages, which comprise labeled cholesterol, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a composition comprising radiolabeled cholesterol and a substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrin.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the cholesterol efflux induced by Pl or P4 liposomes in CDl mice loaded with 3 H-cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin/J774 cells as a function of time.
  • Fig. 2 is a chart illustrating the cholesterol efflux induced by Pl or P4 liposomes in CDl mice loaded with 3 H-cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin/J774 cells as a function percent efflux of baseline.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the rates of cholesterol efflux caused by saline (•), empty PC liposomes (o) and liposomes containing PPL4 ( A) in rabbits injected with 3 H cholesterol-labeled and loaded THP-I cells at various time points.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the rates of cholesterol efflux (after normalized against 24 hour baseline) caused by saline (•), empty PC liposomes (o) and liposomes containing PPL4 (A) in rabbits injected with 3 H cholesterol-labeled and loaded THP-I cells at various time points.
  • the invention pertains to a 'modified in vivo assay' (MIVA).
  • MIVA can be used to assess compounds in development and formulation studies. MIVA has been correlated with autopsy results and long term in vivo studies in mice. MIVA may offer a solution to significant problems in assessing the potential of agents targeted to the RCTP as well as method for clinical assessment of individual patients to qualify them as to appropriateness of a particular therapeutic regimen.
  • the MIVA method involves preloading macrophages (in culture) with labeled cholesterol, e.g., radiolabeled cholesterol, by exposing them to red cell membrane fragments which have been equilibrated with labeled cholesterol.
  • the cells phagocytose the red cell membrane fragments and internalize the labeled cholesterol becoming, in effect, foam cells. These 'loaded' cells are then administered, e.g., injected, into test animals and allowed to 'settle'. A base level of cholesterol release is observed. After 24 hours (shorter or longer times may be suitable), the animal is treated with the test drug and the release of label is monitored as a function of time.
  • Stimulation of cholesterol release from the introduced cells results in a transient increase in the amount of circulating label over baseline. Measurement of the kinetics of release is carried out by direct analysis of samples of circulating blood.
  • MIVA is of clear and demonstrated utility for investigating agents which act directly on macrophages (ACAT inhibitors, CEH enhancers and ABCAl transporter). It also can be used to probe events further downstream insofar as they result in changes in the fluxes of cholesterol to or from the macrophage (plaque) reservoirs.
  • MIVA has the potential to provide a clinical tool for studies of agents in development as well as a method to predict individual response to specific agents or combination therapies.
  • the invention also pertains to computational methods for assessing the nature of the response of macrophages based on the kinetic data on label concentration in the blood of a subject.
  • the invention pertains to a method for labeling a macrophage by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled.
  • a cholesterol carrier refers to any medium which is capable of carrying labeled cholesterol such that the labeled cholesterol is brought into contact with a macrophage.
  • cholesterol carriers can include cell membrane portions, e.g., red blood cell fragments, equilibrated with labeled cholesterol and substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrins, e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin or ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is ⁇ -methyl-cyclodextrin.
  • labeled cholesterol refers to a cholesterol compound which has been modified to include a means of detecting the cholesterol compound.
  • the cholesterol compound may include a fluorescent label, e.g., NBD, a spin probe or may be radiolabeled with a stable isotope such as tritium or 14 C.
  • the labeled cholesterol is 3 H-cholesterol or H C-cholestrol.
  • the radiolabel is selected such that it has a long half life and can be used in substantially non- toxic amounts.
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a labeled macrophage labeled by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier.
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject, comprising the steps of administering to said subject a macrophage comprising labeled cholesterol; administering to said subject an amount of said test drug; and monitoring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol in said subject, thus assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject.
  • the method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject may further comprise the step of measuring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol prior to the administration of said test drug.
  • the macrophage is labeled by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled.
  • the term "monitoring" includes any analytical methods known in the art for detecting radiolabeled compounds in samples.
  • the radiolabel can be detected by analytical methods. Examples of analytical methods which can be used to monitor the labeled cholesterol and macrophages, include but, not limited to mass spectroscopy, e.g., accelerated mass spectroscopy.
  • subjects include mammals (e.g., cats, dogs, ferrets, etc.), farm animals (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, goats, etc.), lab animals (rats, mice, monkeys, etc.), and primates (chimpanzees, humans, gorillas).
  • the subject is a human.
  • the subject may have an atherosclerotic condition or be at risk of suffering from an atherosclerotic condition.
  • a subject at risk of suffering from an atherosclerotic condition may or may not show symptoms of the atherosclerotic condition.
  • the macrophage is autologous, peripheral or peritoneal macrophage.
  • the macrophage is a human macrophage. Macrophages from one species may be administered to another species in order to measure the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject prior to an immune response.
  • a human macrophage may be administered to a mammal other than a human, although a macrophage from a mammal other than a human is not administered to a human.
  • the macrophage may be administered to the subject by any appropriate method known in the art.
  • the macrophage may be administered orally, intravenously or by injection.
  • the macrophage is formulated in a liposome.
  • the method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject may further comprise administering additional therapeutic or diagnostic agents, e.g., a tracer, in combination with the macrophage of the test drug.
  • additional therapeutic or diagnostic agent may be administered orally or intravenously or by any other technique applicable.
  • the tracer assists in deconvolution of multicompartment responses.
  • the invention pertains, at least in part, to a diagnostic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and macrophages comprising labeled cholesterol.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is acceptable for intravenous administration.
  • the labeled cholesterol is labeled with a stable isotope or a radiolabel, e.g., tritium or 14 C.
  • MIVA may also be used to assess the suitability of a particular therapeutic intervention for a particular subject.
  • the method pertains to a method for assessing the suitability of a particular therapy by administering to a subject a labeled macrophage in combination with a therapeutic intervention, and monitoring the rate of release of labeled cholesterol from said labeled macrophages to determine the suitability of a particular therapy for a particular subject.
  • a sample of J774 cells were pre-loaded and labeled with a methylcyclodextrin- [ 3 H] -cholesterol complex.
  • the cells labeled with the cholesterol complex were then administered to CDl -mice intravenously.
  • a modified in vivo assay was carried out using liposomal formulations containing either Pl or P4 with measurements of dpm/ ⁇ L taken five hours after treatment. The results of this assay can be seen in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
  • Samples of THP-I cells were differentiated into macrophages by the treatment with PMA.
  • the macrophages were then labeled with 3 H-cholesterol and cholesterol loaded with methyl-cyclodextrin (0.1 mM) prior to injection of rabbits.
  • methyl-cyclodextrin 0.1 mM
  • the rates of cholesterol efflux caused by a saline control, empty PC liposomes, and liposomes containing PPL4 was monitored over a period of 100 hours. The results of this assay can be seen in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.

Abstract

The present invention relates to labeled-cholesterol loaded macrophages. The loaded macrophages are useful for diagnostic purposes and in a modified in vivo assay in order to assess the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the reverse cholesterol transport pathway in a subject.

Description

LABELED MACROPHAGESAND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
Related Applications:
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/836,520, filed on August 8, 2006 and U. S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/728,027, filed on October 17, 2005. The entire contents of each of these applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Summary of the Invention: In one embodiment, the invention pertains to a method for labeling a macrophage. The method includes contacting the macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled.
In another embodiment, the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject. The method includes administering to the subject a macrophage comprising labeled cholesterol; administering to the subject an amount of the test drug; and monitoring the rate of release of the labeled cholesterol in the subject.
In yet another embodiment, the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a diagnostic composition comprising macrophages, which comprise labeled cholesterol, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In yet another embodiment, the invention also pertains, at least in part, to a composition comprising radiolabeled cholesterol and a substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrin.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the cholesterol efflux induced by Pl or P4 liposomes in CDl mice loaded with 3H-cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin/J774 cells as a function of time.
Fig. 2 is a chart illustrating the cholesterol efflux induced by Pl or P4 liposomes in CDl mice loaded with 3H-cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin/J774 cells as a function percent efflux of baseline.
Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the rates of cholesterol efflux caused by saline (•), empty PC liposomes (o) and liposomes containing PPL4 ( A) in rabbits injected with 3H cholesterol-labeled and loaded THP-I cells at various time points. Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the rates of cholesterol efflux (after normalized against 24 hour baseline) caused by saline (•), empty PC liposomes (o) and liposomes containing PPL4 (A) in rabbits injected with 3H cholesterol-labeled and loaded THP-I cells at various time points.
Detailed Description of the Invention: There is a general need for a marker which will allow predictive assessment of the response of experimental subjects/patients to agents designed to reduce plaque by modification of the (reverse) cholesterol transport pathway (RCTP). A marker should cross species boundaries and ideally would be quantitatively predictive.
In one embodiment, the invention pertains to a 'modified in vivo assay' (MIVA). MIVA can be used to assess compounds in development and formulation studies. MIVA has been correlated with autopsy results and long term in vivo studies in mice. MIVA may offer a solution to significant problems in assessing the potential of agents targeted to the RCTP as well as method for clinical assessment of individual patients to qualify them as to appropriateness of a particular therapeutic regimen. The MIVA method involves preloading macrophages (in culture) with labeled cholesterol, e.g., radiolabeled cholesterol, by exposing them to red cell membrane fragments which have been equilibrated with labeled cholesterol. The cells phagocytose the red cell membrane fragments and internalize the labeled cholesterol becoming, in effect, foam cells. These 'loaded' cells are then administered, e.g., injected, into test animals and allowed to 'settle'. A base level of cholesterol release is observed. After 24 hours (shorter or longer times may be suitable), the animal is treated with the test drug and the release of label is monitored as a function of time.
Stimulation of cholesterol release from the introduced cells results in a transient increase in the amount of circulating label over baseline. Measurement of the kinetics of release is carried out by direct analysis of samples of circulating blood.
MIVA is of clear and demonstrated utility for investigating agents which act directly on macrophages (ACAT inhibitors, CEH enhancers and ABCAl transporter). It also can be used to probe events further downstream insofar as they result in changes in the fluxes of cholesterol to or from the macrophage (plaque) reservoirs. By combining MIVA with pulse-label methods in which labeled cholesterol is introduced orally or at other points in the cholesterol transport pathway it is possible to improve the ability to resolve the behavior of multiple interacting reservoir components.
As a number of agents targeted to the RCTP pathway are under development, assessment of the effect of these on plaque in patients is of increasing interest. The definitive measurement at autopsy is, understandably, not a desired data set in a clinical setting. Current imaging techniques (multi-detector CT, MRI and PET) fall short of the sensitivity and resolution needed for dynamic assessment although recent studies provide evidence that they are getting closer to clinical utility for diagnosis; intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurements are difficult and invasive.
MIVA has the potential to provide a clinical tool for studies of agents in development as well as a method to predict individual response to specific agents or combination therapies.
The invention also pertains to computational methods for assessing the nature of the response of macrophages based on the kinetic data on label concentration in the blood of a subject.
In one embodiment, the invention pertains to a method for labeling a macrophage by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled. The term "cholesterol carrier," as used herein, refers to any medium which is capable of carrying labeled cholesterol such that the labeled cholesterol is brought into contact with a macrophage. Examples of cholesterol carriers can include cell membrane portions, e.g., red blood cell fragments, equilibrated with labeled cholesterol and substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrins, e.g., substituted or unsubstituted α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin. In one embodiment, the cyclodextrin is β-methyl-cyclodextrin.
The term "labeled cholesterol," as used herein refers to a cholesterol compound which has been modified to include a means of detecting the cholesterol compound. For example, the cholesterol compound may include a fluorescent label, e.g., NBD, a spin probe or may be radiolabeled with a stable isotope such as tritium or 14C. In a further embodiment, the labeled cholesterol is 3H-cholesterol or HC-cholestrol. Advantageously, the radiolabel is selected such that it has a long half life and can be used in substantially non- toxic amounts. In another embodiment, the invention pertains, at least in part, to a labeled macrophage labeled by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier.
In another embodiment, the invention pertains, at least in part, to a method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject, comprising the steps of administering to said subject a macrophage comprising labeled cholesterol; administering to said subject an amount of said test drug; and monitoring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol in said subject, thus assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject. In a further embodiment, the method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject may further comprise the step of measuring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol prior to the administration of said test drug. In one embodiment, the macrophage is labeled by contacting a macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that the macrophage is labeled. The term "monitoring" includes any analytical methods known in the art for detecting radiolabeled compounds in samples. Advantageously, the radiolabel can be detected by analytical methods. Examples of analytical methods which can be used to monitor the labeled cholesterol and macrophages, include but, not limited to mass spectroscopy, e.g., accelerated mass spectroscopy.
Examples of subjects include mammals (e.g., cats, dogs, ferrets, etc.), farm animals (cows, sheep, pigs, horses, goats, etc.), lab animals (rats, mice, monkeys, etc.), and primates (chimpanzees, humans, gorillas). In one embodiment, the subject is a human. The subject may have an atherosclerotic condition or be at risk of suffering from an atherosclerotic condition. A subject at risk of suffering from an atherosclerotic condition may or may not show symptoms of the atherosclerotic condition.
In one embodiment, the macrophage is autologous, peripheral or peritoneal macrophage. In another embodiment, the macrophage is a human macrophage. Macrophages from one species may be administered to another species in order to measure the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject prior to an immune response. For example, a human macrophage may be administered to a mammal other than a human, although a macrophage from a mammal other than a human is not administered to a human.
The macrophage may be administered to the subject by any appropriate method known in the art. For example, the macrophage may be administered orally, intravenously or by injection. In one embodiment, the macrophage is formulated in a liposome.
In another embodiment, the method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject may further comprise administering additional therapeutic or diagnostic agents, e.g., a tracer, in combination with the macrophage of the test drug. The additional therapeutic or diagnostic agent may be administered orally or intravenously or by any other technique applicable. In one embodiment, the tracer assists in deconvolution of multicompartment responses. In one embodiment, the invention pertains, at least in part, to a diagnostic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and macrophages comprising labeled cholesterol. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is acceptable for intravenous administration. In a further embodiment, the labeled cholesterol is labeled with a stable isotope or a radiolabel, e.g., tritium or 14C. MIVA may also be used to assess the suitability of a particular therapeutic intervention for a particular subject. In one embodiment, the method pertains to a method for assessing the suitability of a particular therapy by administering to a subject a labeled macrophage in combination with a therapeutic intervention, and monitoring the rate of release of labeled cholesterol from said labeled macrophages to determine the suitability of a particular therapy for a particular subject.
Exemplification of the Invention:
Example 1: Cholesterol Efflux Induced in Mice
A sample of J774 cells were pre-loaded and labeled with a methylcyclodextrin- [3H] -cholesterol complex. The cells labeled with the cholesterol complex were then administered to CDl -mice intravenously. A modified in vivo assay was carried out using liposomal formulations containing either Pl or P4 with measurements of dpm/μL taken five hours after treatment. The results of this assay can be seen in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Example 2: Cholesterol Efflux Induced in Rabbits
Samples of THP-I cells were differentiated into macrophages by the treatment with PMA. The macrophages were then labeled with 3H-cholesterol and cholesterol loaded with methyl-cyclodextrin (0.1 mM) prior to injection of rabbits. Upon injection into rabbits, the rates of cholesterol efflux caused by a saline control, empty PC liposomes, and liposomes containing PPL4 was monitored over a period of 100 hours. The results of this assay can be seen in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Equivalents
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims. The entire contents of all references, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A method for labeling a macrophage, comprising contacting said macrophage with a cholesterol carrier, such that said macrophage is labeled.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cholesterol carrier is a cell membrane portion equilibrated with labeled cholesterol.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said cell membrane portions comprise red blood cell fragments.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said cholesterol carrier is a cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted α-cyclodextrin, β- cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said cyclodextrin is β-methyl-cyclodextrin.
6. The method of claim I5 wherein said labeled cholesterol is labeled with a radiolabel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said radiolabel is 14C or 3H.
8. A macrophage labeled by the method of claim 1.
9. A method for assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject, comprising: administering to said subject a macrophage comprising labeled cholesterol; administering to said subject an amount of said test drug; and monitoring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol in said subject, thus assessing the effectiveness of a test drug to modulate the cholesterol transport pathway in a subject.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said macrophage is labeled by the method of claim 1.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein said subject is a mammal.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said macrophage is a human macrophage.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein said subject is a human.
14. The method of claim 9, further comprising a step of measuring the rate of release of said labeled cholesterol prior to the administration of said test drug.
15. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein said labeled cholesterol is labeled with a stable isotope label.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein the macrophage is administered to said subject intravenously.
17. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein said macrophage is an autologous, peripheral or peritoneal macrophage.
18. The method of claim 9, further comprising administering additional therapeutic or diagnostic agents in combination with the macrophage of the test drug.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said diagnostic agent is a tracer.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein said additional therapeutic or diagnostic agent is administered orally or intravenously.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein said tracer assists in deconvolution of multicompartment responses.
22. The method of claim 9, wherein said macrophage is formulated in a liposome.
23. The method of claim 9, wherein the rate of release of said cholesterol is monitored using mass spectroscopy.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the rate of release of said cholesterol is monitored using accelerated mass spectroscopy.
25. A diagnostic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and macrophages comprising labeled cholesterol for administration to a subject.
26. The diagnostic composition of claim 25, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is acceptable for intravenous administration.
27. The diagnostic composition of claim 26, wherein said labeled cholesterol is labeled with a stable isotope or a radiolabel.
28. The diagnostic composition of claim 27, wherein said labeled cholesterol is labeled with 14C or 3H.
29. The method of claim 9, wherein said macrophage is from a different species than said subject, provided that when the subject is human the macrophage is not from a different species.
30. The diagnostic composition of claim 25, wherein the macrophages comprising labeled cholesterol are from a different species than the species of the subject, provided that when the subject is human the macrophage is not from a different species.
31. A composition comprising radiolabeled cholesterol and a substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrin.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein said composition comprises 3H- cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin.
33. The composition of claim 31 , wherein said composition comprises 14C- cholesterol/methyl-cyclodextrin.
34. The composition of any one of claims 31-33, wherein said composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
PCT/IB2006/004007 2005-10-17 2006-10-17 Labeled macrophages and methods of use thereof WO2007119103A1 (en)

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US72802705P 2005-10-17 2005-10-17
US60/728,027 2005-10-17
US83652006P 2006-08-08 2006-08-08
US60/836,520 2006-08-08

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