WO2007118285A1 - Ultrasonic transducer systems - Google Patents
Ultrasonic transducer systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007118285A1 WO2007118285A1 PCT/AU2007/000502 AU2007000502W WO2007118285A1 WO 2007118285 A1 WO2007118285 A1 WO 2007118285A1 AU 2007000502 W AU2007000502 W AU 2007000502W WO 2007118285 A1 WO2007118285 A1 WO 2007118285A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- container
- ultrasound
- cavity
- transducer
- gaseous medium
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/20—Reflecting arrangements
- G10K11/205—Reflecting arrangements for underwater use
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer and components for such a transducer wherein there is an attempt to match impedance between the transducer and a medium into which the ultrasound is transmitted.
- the invention extends to methods of usage of such transducers, which receive ultrasonic energy from a piezo-electric driver to which the transducer is coupled.
- a problem in the propagation of ultrasound into a fluid arises because of the large mismatch between the acoustic impedance of conventional transducer materials and that of the fluid.
- the acoustic impedance of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) is 3OxIO 6 rayls and of titanium, 27.3x10 6 rayls, whereas that of water is 1.49x10 6 and of air is 413.
- the mismatch between PZT and water is a factor of 20 and this can be alleviated by placing a material with an intermediate acoustic impedance e.g. plastic, between the PZT and water.
- a jelly or oil is applied to the surface of a transducer to ensure good contact between the body and the transducer by eliminating any air layer.
- mismatch between a solid transducer and air almost 10 5 , substantially reduces the propagation of ultrasound.
- matching layers are used in medical ultrasound applications where a plastic layer of a thickness equal to 1 A the wavelength of the sound in the plastic is intermediate between the impedances of the solid transducer and tissue (or water).
- a series of matching layers may be used and the efficiency of the energy flow will be determined by the number, acoustic impedance and thickness of these layers. This approach is not feasible with propagation from a solid into air because of the magnitude of the change.
- the present invention provides an apparatus for generating an ultrasonic field into a gaseous medium, the apparatus comprising a transducer body operable to provide an ultrasonic output field and an ultrasound transmitter portion adapted to provide a substantial degree of impedance matching with the gaseous medium, the transmitter portion having at least one horn shaped cavity having a throat of relatively reduced dimension transverse to the axis of the cavity and a discharge aperture through which ultrasound is emitted into the gaseous medium and having a relatively enlarged dimension transverse to the axis of the cavity, the arrangement being characterised by the transducer body and the transmitter portion being substantially integral by either having (a) a unitary construction or (b) a face of the transmitter portion being intimately engaged with a corresponding face of the transducer body portion so that in substance there is no gap, whereby a high degree of impedance matching is achieved by the device.
- the profile of the horn shape cavities may be exponential or of similar profile.
- Embodiments of the invention are especially applicable to the field of high power ultrasonic emitters i.e. those having a power of the order of hundreds of watts.
- the surface of the device from which ultrasound is emitted into the gaseous medium can extend over a substantial area e.g. many square centimetres.
- the device could be circular or could be elongated to distribute the ultrasonic field along a path for a purpose such as defoaming liquid products. For example, filled bottles of carbonated beverage may be defoamed as they move along a conveyer in a fraction of a second.
- the present invention in another embodiment subsists in a method of treating in a gaseous medium material by using an apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention and driven to provide an ultrasonic field at sufficient power to affect the material in the medium.
- a more specific methodology is defoaming the foam above a liquid body, such as a carbonated beverage which generally will foam when filled into containers. Rapid reduction of the foam to ensure correct filling to a prescribed level can be achieved using embodiments of the invention.
- the present invention facilitates embodiments which may be in the form of a compact device for defoaming (and other airborne high power ultrasonic applications).
- a transducer having an array of exponentially tapered holes provided in a conventional titanium transducer horn.
- an acoustic impedance that is the product of the density and velocity of sound in titanium.
- the acoustic impedance is that of air, a factor of 7000 different. If the tapered holes have the right dimensions and appropriate degree of taper, the wave will propagate through the remaining solid around the holes without interference. The density and the velocity of sound at any cross-section along the holes can be approximated by
- a s and A a are the cross-sectional areas of the solid and air
- a t is the total horn area
- p and c are the density and velocity of sound. Since A s /A t at the tip of the device is 0.392 and A a /A t is 0.608, the effective acoustic impedance at the horn tip is 4.62 Mrayls. With careful machining, one could reduce the effective acoustic impedance to 1.21 Mrayls, gaming a factor of 20 compared with solid titanium.
- a 1 A wavelength matching layer of a plastic e.g. methacrylate
- a plastic e.g. methacrylate
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall system
- Figure 2 is a side elevation of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 is a end elevation of the right end of the unit shown in Figure 2
- Figure 4 is a left hand elevation of the unit of Figure 2
- Figure 5 is a front elevation of a second embodiment
- Figure 6 is a plan view of the embodiment of Figure 4
- Figure 7 is a right hand end elevation of the embodiment of Figure 4
- Figure 8 is a left hand side elevation of the unit of Figure 4;
- Figure 9 represents test results of the embodiment of Figure 2 indicating a measured ultrasonic field strength in a distance spaced in millimetres from and along the axis of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- the system in Figure 1 has a power generator 10 driving a piezo-electric transducer unit 11 adapted to produce an ultrasonic field at a frequency of around or greater than 20 kHz.
- a unit embodying the invention and known as a sonotrode 12 is connected to a transducer in order to disburse outwardly towards its axial direction an ultrasonic field at relatively high power values.
- the sonotrode 12 is shown in more detail in Figures 2 to 4.
- the sonotrode is integrally formed from a suitable material such as a titanium alloy and comprises a body 13 leading to a transmitter portion 14 of cylindrical shape but of reduced diameter terminating in an end face 15 of circular shape having a packed array of horn shaped cavities 16 extending into the transmitter 14.
- the profile of each horn shaped cavity is essentially exponential with an inner wall of a small as possible diameter at the base of each cavity.
- the left hand end of the body 13 has a screw-threaded line bore 17 for screw threadably being fixed onto a corresponding threaded element at the tip of the transducer 11.
- a rigid connection occurs so that there is efficient transfer from solid to solid of the ultrasonic field developed in the transducer.
- Figures 5 to 8 show a second embodiment wherein the overall structure is elongate or chisel shaped with the tapering transmitter 24 being integrally formed with the rectangular body 22.
- the right hand end face 25 is planar and exponentially shaped horn cavities 26 are packed in a line as best illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
- a screw threaded bore 27 is provided in the left hand end of the body as seen and is adapted to be rigidly connected through a screw threaded complimentary element to the transducer.
- This embodiment could be mounted with the axes of the horn shaped cavities 26 directed vertically downwardly and thus spaced along a horizontal path under which product to be treated can be moved.
- the ultrasonic field can be used to quell foaming very quickly so bottles can be filled accurately and consistently and eliminate the current substantial wastage in most plants due to inadequately filled bottles being rejected.
- the X axis represents the plane of the end face of the transmitter which in this embodiment extends approximately 15 mm each side of the axis marked "zero" on the scale.
- the Y axis of the diagram represents distance in millimetres from the end face 16.
- Contour lines indicate boundaries of different intensities of the measured ultrasonic field. Substantially 100% value is achieved in the shaded area marked "X" and the next area around it has a boundary representing 83.25% of maximum value. Other contour lines show the measured field strength. It will be apparent that the ultrasound field transmitted into air has been efficiently transferred over an extended zone suitable for any industrial processing requiring such high strength ultrasonic fields.
- One application of the invention is to defoaming products on a production line such as a container filling line for carbonated beverages.
- a production line such as a container filling line for carbonated beverages.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07718749A EP2011113A4 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Ultrasonic transducer systems |
AU2007240129A AU2007240129B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Ultrasonic transducer systems |
US12/226,462 US8763927B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Ultrasonic transducer systems |
JP2009505681A JP5313877B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Ultrasonic transducer system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006902034A AU2006902034A0 (en) | 2006-04-19 | Ultrasonic transducer systems | |
AU2006902034 | 2006-04-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007118285A1 true WO2007118285A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
Family
ID=38608978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2007/000502 WO2007118285A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | Ultrasonic transducer systems |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8763927B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2011113A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5313877B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007240129B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007118285A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2591864A1 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-15 | Telsonic Holding AG | Sonotrode and device for reducing and eliminating foaming of liquid products |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018214972A1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-05 | Krones Ag | Method and device for displacing air from bottles with carbonated drinks |
DE102019130230A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-12 | Weber Ultrasonics AG | Partially profiled oscillating element |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991018486A1 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1991-11-28 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | A coupling device |
GB2341742A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-22 | Blast Loudspeakers Limited | An acoustic absorber or emitter |
US20010033124A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-25 | Norris Elwood G. | Horn array emitter |
EP0885641B1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 2003-01-29 | Konica Corporation | Method and device for debubbling a liquid using ultrasonic waves |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4437497A (en) * | 1981-09-23 | 1984-03-20 | Enander Frederick A | Ultrasonic control of filling a container |
JPS6360697A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ultrasonic wave transmitter-receiver |
JPH0523268Y2 (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1993-06-15 | ||
DE3732410A1 (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-04-13 | Siemens Ag | ULTRASONIC TRANSFORMER WITH ASTIGMATIC TRANSMITTER / RECEIVING CHARACTERISTICS |
US4999976A (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1991-03-19 | The Kartridg Pak Co. | Means and method for ultrasonic gassing of aerosols |
JPH06191595A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1994-07-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Foam breaking apparatus in headspace of container |
JPH06269090A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Piezoelectric ultrasonic wave transmitter-receiver |
JPH0746693A (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1995-02-14 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Ultrasonic transducer and manufacture therefor |
JPH11508750A (en) * | 1995-07-06 | 1999-07-27 | ボ・ニルッソン | Ultrasonic transducer method for mounting an ultrasonic transducer and high output power ultrasonic transducer |
US6744899B1 (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 2004-06-01 | Robert M. Grunberg | Direct coupling of waveguide to compression driver having matching slot shaped throats |
US5834625A (en) | 1996-08-21 | 1998-11-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Apparatus and method for debubbling a discrete sample of liquid |
JPH1190110A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-04-06 | Konica Corp | Ultrasonic deforming method, manufacture of photosensitive material and ultrasonic deforming device |
JP2000308852A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2000-11-07 | Hiroshi Miyahara | Ultrasonic transmission body |
US6590000B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2003-07-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Defoaming of foams utilizing sonication |
JP4513596B2 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Ultrasonic sensor |
-
2007
- 2007-04-18 AU AU2007240129A patent/AU2007240129B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-18 US US12/226,462 patent/US8763927B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-18 WO PCT/AU2007/000502 patent/WO2007118285A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-04-18 EP EP07718749A patent/EP2011113A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-04-18 JP JP2009505681A patent/JP5313877B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991018486A1 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1991-11-28 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | A coupling device |
EP0885641B1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 2003-01-29 | Konica Corporation | Method and device for debubbling a liquid using ultrasonic waves |
GB2341742A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-03-22 | Blast Loudspeakers Limited | An acoustic absorber or emitter |
US20010033124A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-25 | Norris Elwood G. | Horn array emitter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2011113A4 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2591864A1 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-15 | Telsonic Holding AG | Sonotrode and device for reducing and eliminating foaming of liquid products |
WO2013072296A1 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | Telsonic Holding Ag | Sonotrode and device for reducing and eliminating foaming of liquid products |
US8758492B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2014-06-24 | Telsonic Holding Ag | Sonotrode and device for reducing and eliminating foaming of liquid products |
CN104203594A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-12-10 | 远程声波控股公司 | Ultrasonic generator and device for reducing and removing foam from liquid products |
AU2012338949B2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2016-11-17 | Cavitus Solutions Pty Ltd | Sonotrode and device for reducing and eliminating foaming of liquid products |
RU2613863C2 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2017-03-21 | Тельсоник Холдинг Аг | Sonotrode and device for reduction and elimination of foam formation in liquid products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2011113A4 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
EP2011113A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
AU2007240129A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
AU2007240129B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
US8763927B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
JP5313877B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
US20090308487A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
JP2009533991A (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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