WO2007117152A1 - Method for producing biogas - Google Patents

Method for producing biogas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007117152A1
WO2007117152A1 PCT/NO2007/000128 NO2007000128W WO2007117152A1 WO 2007117152 A1 WO2007117152 A1 WO 2007117152A1 NO 2007000128 W NO2007000128 W NO 2007000128W WO 2007117152 A1 WO2007117152 A1 WO 2007117152A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ammonium
stage
tank
remove
rich
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2007/000128
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Odd Egil Solheim
Hans Rasmus Holte
Original Assignee
Cambi As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cambi As filed Critical Cambi As
Publication of WO2007117152A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007117152A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a method of producing biogas with a high content of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in accordance with the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Bioethanol can be produced from raw materials containing sugar, starch or lignocellulose. Production based on sugar cane has found extensive use in areas around the equator, where sugar cane is grown. North America is establishing a major industry based on the use of corn as a raw material. In Europe, various grain varieties, mostly wheat, are gaining more widespread use. Processes that use lignocellulose are being developed in several locations around the world. The aim is to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels.
  • dregs In ethanol production, raw materials ferment to form ethanol. During the subsequent distillation the ethanol vapourizes and is then refined further into pure ethanol. The reject from the distillation column is called dregs. These dregs contain significant amounts of nitrogen and/or phosphorous, depending on the raw materials.
  • the dregs being rich in proteins, they have been considered valuable as animal feed and are traditionally dewatered, evaporated and/or dried to make animal feed products.
  • a high concentration of ammonium is toxic to many biological processes, among other things in fermentation to produce ethanol and in digestion to produce biogas. This reduces the chances of being able to recycle reject back to the process.
  • the fermentation process uses some ammonium, but not too much, and in many plants a small quantity of ammonium/phosphorous salts and micronutrients must be added to achieve optimum ethanol production.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram that schematically shows the various steps of the method in accordance with the invention.
  • the process may include one or more digestion tanks arranged in parallel or in series, and there may also be several parallel process lines.
  • the digestion tanks can be of several different types, depending on individual requests, including CSTR (Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor) and different varieties of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket).
  • An ethanol factory producing 100 000 m 3 of ethanol per year based on raw materials in the form of approximately 265 000 tons of wheat will generate in the order of 296 000 tons of dregs per year, at a dry solids content of approximately 28%.
  • Other fermentation and distillation processes that achieve a DS of only 6% or so will generate in the order of 1 384 000 tons of dregs per year.
  • such a factory will produce in the order of 35-40 MW biogas. Nearly all the reject can be recycled to said mixing stage (2) and as dilution liquid ahead of the upstream fermentation process, as a substitution for fresh water consumption and ammonium addition.
  • the plant will produce in the order of 80 - 100 000 tons dehydrated solids at a DS of approximately 30% and recycle approximately 1.0 - 1.5 million tons of dilution liquid per year. Furthermore, the plant will have the capacity to produce in the order of 15 000 - 20 000 tons of ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate per year. In a 30% - 60% solution the total quantity of fertilizer solution will be about 30 000 - 60 000 tons per year.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Present invention relates to a method for producing of biogas, which comprises the following steps: - lead a stream (1 ) of organic material containing nitrogen and/or phosphor to a mixing step (2), mix the stream (1) with water (3), recirculated solid matter (16) from a later step, and recirculated reject (17) from a later step. lead the mixture from step b. into a sludge digestion tank (5), regulate the temperature of the sludge digestion tank (5) with a temperature regulating circuit (4), remove biogas from the tank (5), remove digested material (7) from the tank (5) and lead this to a step (8), remove water, phosphor and ammonium in step (8) and produce a product (9) rich in ammonium and/or phosphor, remove dewatered sold matter (13), and recirculate all or parts of the reject (10) from step (8) to the mixing step (2) and/or another upstream process.

Description

Method for producing biogas
The present invention regards a method of producing biogas with a high content of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in accordance with the preamble of Claim 1.
This is an issue which is about to become highly topical, as a number of countries now have concrete plans and wishes to replace and reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. Here, the production of bioethanol will make a significant contribution, as this can be mixed into fossil-based petrol without adversely affecting the car engine.
Bioethanol can be produced from raw materials containing sugar, starch or lignocellulose. Production based on sugar cane has found extensive use in areas around the equator, where sugar cane is grown. North America is establishing a major industry based on the use of corn as a raw material. In Europe, various grain varieties, mostly wheat, are gaining more widespread use. Processes that use lignocellulose are being developed in several locations around the world. The aim is to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels.
In ethanol production, raw materials ferment to form ethanol. During the subsequent distillation the ethanol vapourizes and is then refined further into pure ethanol. The reject from the distillation column is called dregs. These dregs contain significant amounts of nitrogen and/or phosphorous, depending on the raw materials.
The dregs being rich in proteins, they have been considered valuable as animal feed and are traditionally dewatered, evaporated and/or dried to make animal feed products.
The high rate of development being planned in Europe will result in a great increase in the production of animal feed products based on dregs, if the production over- specializes on production of animal feed. This will cause a glutting of the market and reduce the profitability of this type of production. Ethanol production requires a great deal of energy for heating, distillation and optionally evaporation. Moreover, the production of animal feed requires a lot of energy for evaporation of water.
The industry is therefore looking for other uses for dregs.
A possible use is the drying of dregs to make fuel. However, with nitrogen-rich fuels, this will cause a problem in the form of NOx-emissions. The stringent regulations that apply in Europe when it comes to NOx-emissions from combustion processes, will limit this type of use.
Another possible use is the production of biogas through digestion under anaerobic conditions. This has been tried and performed, particularly with sacchariferous substances. Digestion will reduce the amount of dry solids considerably, and the remaining dry solids can be dehydrated and used for purposes such as soil improvement etc. Traditionally, the reject from the dehydration has been sent to a recipient or a water purification plant. This has been quite straightforward, as the quantities in question have been limited and the environmental requirements not very stringent.
Digestion of materials that are rich in protein will release nitrogen and result in the formation of ammonium. In large scale industrial plants for production of ethanol, the quantities of ammonium and phosphorous released to a recipient or sent on to a purification/treatment plant can become quite considerable unless removed. Such large quantities can be highly detrimental to the environment and may represent an unacceptably high loading on a local sewer system and treatment plant, which means that there will be a need for large investments to satisfy the current stringent environmental requirements.
A high concentration of ammonium is toxic to many biological processes, among other things in fermentation to produce ethanol and in digestion to produce biogas. This reduces the chances of being able to recycle reject back to the process. The fermentation process uses some ammonium, but not too much, and in many plants a small quantity of ammonium/phosphorous salts and micronutrients must be added to achieve optimum ethanol production.
It is an object of the present invention to digest raw materials rich in nitrogen and phosphorous, with subsequent removal of ammonium and phosphorous to allow reject recycling and achieve a reduction in the ammonium and phosphorus loading in the waste water. It is a further object of the invention to produce fertilizer products rich in ammonium and phosphorous. Environmentally, this is an important measure, as it will reduce the highly detrimental introduction of nutrients into lakes and river systems as well as reducing the loading on local sewer systems and the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. Dehydrated solids, or some of this material, can be recycled or e.g. refined into a biofuel or a soil improvement product alone, or optionally be mixed with the fertilizer product rich in ammonium and phosphorous, to make a fertilizer/soil improvement compound.
These and other objects are achieved by a method characterized by the features that appear from the independent Claim 1. Further advantageous features of the invention appear from the dependent claims.
The following provides a more detailed description of the invention through use of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a block diagram that schematically shows the various steps of the method in accordance with the invention.
Organic materials (1) rich in nitrogen or phosphorous are introduced into a mixing stage (2) where dilution water (3), recycled solids (16) and recycled reject (17) are incorporated. After this mixing, the dry solids content is in the range 5% - 20%.
The mixture is sent to anaerobic digestion in a digestion tank (5). It is important to control the digestion temperature, and the digestion tank is provided with a temperature control system (4) in the form of a pumping circuit with a heat exchanger. It has proven expedient to supply the material to be digested through this pumping circuit. As an alternative to such a pumping circuit, the temperature control can be implemented on the upstream flow of materials.
Produced biogas (6) is taken off at the top of the digestion tank (5). Digested material (7) passes to stage 8, where dehydration and removal of ammonium and phosphorous is achieved through production of a fertilizer (9) rich in ammonium and/or phosphate, e.g. ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or magnesium ammonium phosphate. Part of the dehydrated cake (13) may be recycled (15) and mixed into (16) mixing stage (2) in order to increase the DS (dry solids) loading and the conversion in the digestion tank (5). Dehydrated cake (13) which is not recycled (14) may be used as biofuel, supplied as a soil improvement product alone or be mixed in with the fertilizer product (9) to make a fertilizer/soil improvement compound rich in nitrogen and/or phosphorous. Optionally, it may be discharged with the waste water (12). The reject (10), having a reduced concentration of ammonium and/or phosphorous, can be recycled and used as a dilution liquid (17) in mixing stage (2) or as a dilution liquid (18) in the upstream process, e.g. in a fermentation process for production of ethanol, where the content of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds in the dilution liquid (18) can help increase the yield of ethanol.
The process may include one or more digestion tanks arranged in parallel or in series, and there may also be several parallel process lines. The digestion tanks can be of several different types, depending on individual requests, including CSTR (Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor) and different varieties of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket).
An ethanol factory producing 100 000 m3 of ethanol per year based on raw materials in the form of approximately 265 000 tons of wheat will generate in the order of 296 000 tons of dregs per year, at a dry solids content of approximately 28%. Other fermentation and distillation processes that achieve a DS of only 6% or so will generate in the order of 1 384 000 tons of dregs per year.
Using the present method of producing biogas from dregs, such a factory will produce in the order of 35-40 MW biogas. Nearly all the reject can be recycled to said mixing stage (2) and as dilution liquid ahead of the upstream fermentation process, as a substitution for fresh water consumption and ammonium addition. The plant will produce in the order of 80 - 100 000 tons dehydrated solids at a DS of approximately 30% and recycle approximately 1.0 - 1.5 million tons of dilution liquid per year. Furthermore, the plant will have the capacity to produce in the order of 15 000 - 20 000 tons of ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate per year. In a 30% - 60% solution the total quantity of fertilizer solution will be about 30 000 - 60 000 tons per year.
As a result of this invention a large proportion of the carbon contained in the dregs will be converted into biogas, and nitrogen and phosphorous will be returned to agriculture. Use of this invention will give very small quantities of waste water and a great reduction in water consumption for a large scale bioethanol factory.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. A method of producing biogas, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it includes the steps of: a) directing a flow (1) of organic material containing nitrogen and/or phosphorous to a mixing stage (2); b) mixing the flow (1) with water (3), recycled solids (16) from a later (downstream) stage and recycled reject (17) from a later stage; c) sending the mixture from step b) to a digestion tank (5); d) control the temperature of the digestion tank (5) by means of a temperature control circuit (4); e) take off biogas (6) from the tank (5); f) remove digested material (7) from the tank (5) and pass this on to a stage
(8); g) remove water, phosphorous and ammonium in stage (8) and produce a product (9) rich in ammonium and/or phosphate; h) remove dehydrated solids (13), i) recycle all or a portion of the reject (10) from stage (8) to the mixing stage (2) and/or to another upstream process.
2. A method in accordance with Claim 1 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the temperature control circuit (4) includes a pump and a heat exchanger.
3. A method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the product (9) rich in ammonium and/or phosphates, produced in step g), is selected from the group comprising ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or magnesium ammonium sulphate.
4. A method in accordance with any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that all or a portion of the dehydrated solids (13) is recycled to the mixing stage (2) as a stream (15) and/or removed as stream (14) and possibly mixed with the stream (9) rich in ammonium and/or phosphates, in order to make a fertilizer/soil improvement compound or be used as biofuel.
PCT/NO2007/000128 2006-04-11 2007-04-11 Method for producing biogas WO2007117152A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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NO20061649 2006-04-11
NO20061649A NO20061649L (en) 2006-04-11 2006-04-11 Process for producing biogas

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2233442A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-09-29 MCB GmbH Plant and process for the thermal hydrolysis of organic mass
EP3015432A1 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Eliquo Stulz GmbH Method and device for treating organic mass with sludge return
EP3015444A1 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Eliquo Stulz GmbH Method and device for treating organic mass with thickening and thermal treatment

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2033366A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-05-21 Sterling Drug Inc Process for Producing Energy from Low Grade Fuels
DE19637909A1 (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-19 Infan Ingenieurgesellschaft Fu Scrap wood processing by multistage chemical decomposition, saccharification and fermentation
US6395173B1 (en) * 1998-02-02 2002-05-28 Von Nordenskjoeld Reinhart Method and device for biologically treating a fluid charged with organic materials whilst producing biogas
DE102004030482A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-08-18 Hitze, Winfried, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Processing waste water from biogas fermentation, by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, with recycling of suspended sediment separated during ultrafiltration to the fermenter to increase biogas yield

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2033366A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-05-21 Sterling Drug Inc Process for Producing Energy from Low Grade Fuels
DE19637909A1 (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-19 Infan Ingenieurgesellschaft Fu Scrap wood processing by multistage chemical decomposition, saccharification and fermentation
US6395173B1 (en) * 1998-02-02 2002-05-28 Von Nordenskjoeld Reinhart Method and device for biologically treating a fluid charged with organic materials whilst producing biogas
DE102004030482A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-08-18 Hitze, Winfried, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Processing waste water from biogas fermentation, by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, with recycling of suspended sediment separated during ultrafiltration to the fermenter to increase biogas yield

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2233442A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-09-29 MCB GmbH Plant and process for the thermal hydrolysis of organic mass
DE102009014776A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Mcb Gmbh Apparatus and method for the thermal hydrolysis of organic matter
WO2010108684A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Mcb Gmbh Apparatus and method for thermal hydrolysis of organic matter
EP2891633A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2015-07-08 Eliquo Stulz GmbH Device and process for the thermal hydrolysis of organic masses
US9403708B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2016-08-02 Eliquo Stulz Gmbh Apparatus and method for thermal hydrolysis of organic matter
EP3015432A1 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Eliquo Stulz GmbH Method and device for treating organic mass with sludge return
EP3015444A1 (en) 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Eliquo Stulz GmbH Method and device for treating organic mass with thickening and thermal treatment
US10647605B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2020-05-12 Eliquo Stulz Gmbh Method and device for the treatment of organic matter, involving recirculation of digested sludge

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Publication number Publication date
NO20061649L (en) 2007-10-12

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