WO2007107035A1 - An image processing effect comparison display system and display method - Google Patents

An image processing effect comparison display system and display method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007107035A1
WO2007107035A1 PCT/CN2006/000421 CN2006000421W WO2007107035A1 WO 2007107035 A1 WO2007107035 A1 WO 2007107035A1 CN 2006000421 W CN2006000421 W CN 2006000421W WO 2007107035 A1 WO2007107035 A1 WO 2007107035A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
window
image
processor
image processing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/000421
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Jiabin Li
Dongjian Wang
Shixu Luo
Yufeng Li
Jian Huang
Zhiping Wang
Jinsong Guo
Hongjian Wang
Original Assignee
Pixelworks Semiconductor Technology Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Pixelworks Semiconductor Technology Company Limited filed Critical Pixelworks Semiconductor Technology Company Limited
Priority to CN200680053270.2A priority Critical patent/CN101385336A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2006/000421 priority patent/WO2007107035A1/en
Publication of WO2007107035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007107035A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/445Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information
    • H04N5/45Picture in picture, e.g. displaying simultaneously another television channel in a region of the screen
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/14Display of multiple viewports
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/22Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of characters or indicia using display control signals derived from coded signals representing the characters or indicia, e.g. with a character-code memory
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/22Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of characters or indicia using display control signals derived from coded signals representing the characters or indicia, e.g. with a character-code memory
    • G09G5/222Control of the character-code memory
    • G09G5/227Resolution modifying circuits, e.g. variable screen formats, resolution change between memory contents and display screen
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
    • H04N17/04Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for receivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/431Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
    • H04N21/4312Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
    • H04N21/4316Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations for displaying supplemental content in a region of the screen, e.g. an advertisement in a separate window
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/12Overlay of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of switching between the corresponding input pixels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an image processing effect comparison display system and a display method, in particular to an image signal which has undergone different processing according to an enable signal, which is displayed on different contrast display windows, and can protect the 0SD area without displaying After the processed image, only the original image signal is displayed to realize the display system and the display method for comparing the image processing effects.
  • Background technique
  • the image processing effect comparison display device and the display method of the existing electronic products are mainly static left and right split screen presentations, so the shape is single and the mode is fixed. Therefore, it is impossible to compare the effects of multi-window dynamic display after different image processing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an image processing effect contrast display system and a display method for the defects of the existing image processing effect dynamic contrast display system and the display method, and it is very convenient to realize the effect of different windows dynamic display different processing.
  • an image processing effect comparison display system which includes:
  • the window feature definition and calculation device is configured to calculate the size of each window for comparing the image effects according to the position of the input pixel point, the parameters of the display device, and the setting, the width of the window frame, the color of the frame, and the motion of the window.
  • An enable signal and a fill signal generator are connected to the window feature definition and calculation device for generating an enable signal and a frame fill data, and establishing a correspondence between the enable signal and the contrast display window;
  • a signal processor configured to process the original image signal to generate various processed image signals
  • a window and a processor mapper connected to the enable signal and the fill signal generator and the signal processor, configured to generate the original image signal and the processed image signal according to the enable signal in the image effect comparison display window The mapped signal, and the fill signal of the window border;
  • a demo mode switch is coupled to the window and the processor mapper for selecting to output an original image signal or a processed image signal.
  • a screen control system area definition and enable signal generator for generating an enable of a corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area, and the demo mode switch and window and processor mapper
  • the processor is connected through a screen control system for outputting the original image letter at the position of the screen control system area according to the enabling of the screen control system area No. Outputs signals output through the window and processor mapper in other areas.
  • the signal processor is a prioritized selection processor.
  • the signal processor includes a plurality of signal processing modules for processing the raw image signals, the plurality of signal processing modules being coupled to the window and the processor mapper.
  • the signal processing module is a color enhancement processing module or a contrast enhancement processing module or a detail enhancement processing module or an anti-shake processing module or an anti-aliasing processing module.
  • the present invention also provides an image processing effect comparison display method, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 the window feature definition and the calculation device calculate the image effect comparison display window signal, and compare the display window frame signal, and input the enable signal and the fill signal generator;
  • Step 2 The enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, and each enable signal corresponds to one or more contrast display windows; the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Both the input window and the processor mapper;
  • Step 3 The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, the signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and the fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch ;
  • the step demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal.
  • the window feature definition and the computing device in the step 1 calculate the image effect comparison display window signal, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the image effect contrast display window shape, size and motion direction signal.
  • the window feature definition and calculation device in the step 1 calculates a signal of the frame of the contrast display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the width, shape and color signal of the frame of the contrast display window.
  • the step 1 further includes a window feature definition and a calculation device calculating a signal of the sub-window in the image contrast comparison display window, and a frame signal of the sub-window, each inputting an enable signal and a fill signal generator.
  • the window feature definition and the computing device calculate the image effect to compare the signal of the sub-window in the display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the shape, size and motion direction signal of the sub-window.
  • the window feature definition and the calculation device calculate a signal of the border of the sub-window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the border width, shape and color signal of the sub-window.
  • Place The window feature definition and the calculation device calculate the motion direction in the step are decomposed into a horizontal direction and a vertical direction according to the scanning mode of the display device.
  • the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Specifically, each signal processing module in the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various processes.
  • the image processed signals are input into the window and processor mapper.
  • the step 3 and the step 4 further include the steps of: 'Step 31, the screen control system area definition and the enable signal generator generate an enable of the corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area, and then input
  • the screen control system protects the processor
  • Step 32 The screen control system protection processor outputs the original image signal at the position of the screen control system area according to the enablement of the screen control system area, and outputs the signal outputted by the window and the processor mapper in other areas.
  • the image processing effect contrast display system and the display method of the present invention display the different processed image signals according to the enable signal in different contrast display windows, thereby realizing an intuitive and convenient comparison after various image processing.
  • the effect of the contrast display window can be dynamic to make the contrast presentation more vivid, and the performance of different areas of the image is more convincing, and supports one or more window comparison demonstrations, and achieves one or more windows.
  • the protection of the 0SD area does not show that the processed image only displays the original image signal, avoiding the negative effects caused by irregular processing.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed structural diagram of an enable signal and a fill signal generator, a signal processor, a window and a processor mapper, and a demo mode switch of the image processing effect comparison display system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention.
  • 4 is a flow chart of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 1 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram 9 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram 10 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing Embodiment 2 of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention utilizes the visual and psychological characteristics of the human eye, uses different windows on the same display device to display the effects after different image processing, and combines the static and dynamic manners to make the processing effect more convincing; meanwhile, for practical applications
  • the special area is protected by the 0SD area, and the original image is output.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention, including a window feature definition and computing device 1; an enable signal and a fill signal generator 2, and the window feature definition and calculation device a phase connection; a signal processor 3, connected to the fill signal generator; a window and processor mapper 4, connected to the enable signal and fill signal generator 2 and the signal processor 3; The device 5 is connected to the window and the processor mapper 4 for selecting an output of the original image signal and the processed image signal.
  • a window feature definition and calculation device 1 for displaying the position according to the input pixel point
  • the parameters and settings of the device calculate the size of each window for comparing the image effects, the width of the window border, the color of the border, and the motion track of the window.
  • the output includes the area where the pixel is located (inside, outside, and edge of the window, etc.), and the color
  • the fill data is passed to the enable signal and fill signal generator 2, including the main window size, position, shape, main sub-window border width, shape, color, etc., and calculate the window's motion speed, trajectory, motion direction and collision model).
  • These features can be fixed in the definition device logic, or can be determined by register or parameter input. In actual applications, they can be preset, or they can be controlled by the MCU and other processors to read and write these registers, thus changing the behavior of the window.
  • the enable signal and the fill signal generator 2 are configured to generate an enable signal and a border fill data, establish a correspondence between the enable signal and the contrast display window, thereby controlling the correspondence between the signal processor 3 and the contrast display window, that is, each A display signal of a comparison display window is processed by a module in the signal processor 3, and an edge padding module, that is, a selection switch enable (effective signal) for outputting image signal processing results, edge padding data enable, and Filling data, etc., each enable signal can correspond to a selection switch and associated with one or more presentation (sub) windows.
  • the device establishes a correspondence between each window and an enable signal to determine a correspondence with each of the selection circuit switches. If you need to switch the display of different (sub)windows, you can switch between this circuit part.
  • the signal processor 3 is for performing image processing on the original image signals to generate various image processed signals.
  • the input original image video signal, the output intermediate or final result signal through the image processing may include one or more processing modules, the connection of the module may be serial or parallel, or even mixed arrangement, in fact, may also be a Priority selection circuits, for example: When the frame enable signal is active, the outputs of other modules are not referenced.
  • the window and processor mapper 4 is configured to generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, a signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and a fill signal of the window frame.
  • the window and the processor mapper 4 input the intermediate or final result signal processed by the signal processor 3, and the original signal, and output the signal mapped by the processing signal in the presentation window, including non-image information such as the presentation window border.
  • each window (package) The sub-window window determines which output of the processing module is the output signal or fills the window border.
  • the demo mode switch 5 is for selecting an output of the original image signal and the processed image signal.
  • the demo mode switch 5 inputs the processed data, and outputs the data to the subsequent stage.
  • the module controls the demo mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures the respective demo processing data or the original data, and performs corresponding comparison processing. , it can also correspond to the processing result after processing all the modules; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
  • the signal processor 3 is processed by the first signal.
  • the module 31, the second signal processing module 32 and the third signal processing module 33 may be a color enhancement processing module or a contrast enhancement processing module or a detail enhancement processing module or an anti-shake processing module or an anti-aliasing processing module, etc.
  • the enable signal and the enable signal control window generated by the fill signal generator 2 and the processor mapper 4 output different signals processed by the signal processing module in the comparison display window, and the demo mode switch 5 selects the output after processing.
  • the image signal is also the original signal.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the image processing effect comparison display system of the present invention, that is, in the above embodiment, an OSD area definition and enable signal generator 6 is added for the shape according to each OSD area.
  • the 0SD area is enabled corresponding to the position generation, the 0SD area is defined, and the enable signal generator 6 inputs the 0SD area size and other parameters.
  • the 0SD area shape can be various shapes, circular, rectangular, or even LOGO, and the output corresponds to each.
  • the enable signal of the protection window, the parameters here can be set by the user, or can be determined in advance, such as shape.
  • the demo mode switcher 5 and the window and processor mapper 4 are connected by the 0SD protection processor 7 for outputting the original image signal at the position of the 0SD area according to the enable of the OSD area, and outputting the passing window in other areas.
  • the 0SD protection processor 7 inputs the data after the demonstration window, and outputs the data after the 0SD protection. Before the processing module is in the 0SD function module, the 0SD protection is not required.
  • the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention is a flowchart of Example 1, and the detailed steps are as follows:
  • Step 101 The window feature definition and the computing device calculate an image effect contrast display window shape, a size, and a motion direction signal, and compare the width, shape, and color signals of the display window, and input an enable signal and a fill signal generator;
  • image effect can also include the shape, size and motion direction signal of the sub-window in the display window, and the border width, shape and color signal of the sub-window, and the input enable signal and the filling signal generator;
  • the comparison shows the presentation window and the sub-window in the window.
  • the shape can be rectangular, circular, fan-shaped, and various irregular shapes (such as the logo shape of the logo); the shape of the border can be flat, convex or concave, or other More complex three-dimensional shapes, etc.; the width of the border is adjustable, if the width is zero, there is no visible border;
  • the shape, edge and motion model defined by the sub-window in the demo window and window can be calculated in real time by combinatorial logic based on the preset calculation method. These characteristics can also be described by using memory.
  • the former is mainly used for the fixed mode of the rule. Feature definitions, such as circular, flat borders, and straight-line motion, are not easy to change once defined; the latter are used to define irregularities, features that are difficult to describe in closed form, such as irregular images, borders, and nonlinear motion reflections. This method has higher flexibility, but the overhead is larger;
  • the presentation window is a circle
  • the size is set to an outer radius of 150-300 pixels as needed.
  • Memory determines the circular window border of variable width, and uses the register to define the color component value of the border portion, and defines the position corresponding to the center of each field/frame according to the movement speed and direction of the set center, thereby calculating that each pixel is: Inside the circular window (a), outside the circular window (b), inside the circular window frame (c); define the coordinates of the largest moving frame of the center of the circle, when the center of the circle encounters this border, change the direction/speed of motion, for the circle
  • the inner and outer radii of the shape can also be dynamically changed to change the corresponding circular window size;
  • determining that the presentation window is a rectangular area the size is determined according to requirements, and the variable width rectangular main window frame is determined by calculation, and the register is used. Define the color component value of the border part.
  • determine that the main window is a still rectangular area, and then determine whether there is a sub-window under the main presentation window. If there is a certain edge between the sub-windows, the left and right sides (see Figure 6) are left and right (see Figure 7).
  • the SWEEP mode of up and down (see Figure 8) or diagonal (see Figure 9), the motion can be bidirectional or unidirectional; of course, it can also be demonstrated in a simpler way in Figures 10 to 13.
  • the window is defined as the vertical or horizontal middle portion (or half of the screen) of the screen, thereby dividing the screen into three (two) portions.
  • the window display area can be fixed or movable, and the border can be zero pixel width. , can also be an edge with a certain pixel width, the demonstration inside and outside the window display area can be In other words;
  • the window shape is an arbitrary shape LOGO, and multiple main sub-window presentations are used.
  • a plurality of main contrast display windows are determined, and the shape of the window may be any shape.
  • the shape indicates that the memory is used for bit mapping, the borders of the respective presentation windows 11, 12 and their features are determined, and the color and other component values of the border portion are defined by the register to determine the angular motion, and the edges between the sub-windows 111 to 116 in each main window are determined.
  • Step 102 the enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, each enable signal corresponding to one or a plurality of contrast display windows;
  • the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signals to generate various image processed signals, and inputs the window and the processor mapper;
  • Step 104 The demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal, that is, the module controls the demo mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures respective demo processing data or original data, and performs corresponding contrast processing. , it can also correspond to the processing result after processing all the modules; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
  • FIG. 15 it is a flowchart of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention, and the detailed steps are as follows:
  • Step 201 the window feature definition and the computing device calculate the shape, size and motion direction signals of the image contrast display window, and compare the width, shape and color signals of the display window, and input the enable signal and the fill signal generator, 'window
  • Each feature is the same as the above embodiment
  • Step 202 The enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, and each enable signal corresponds to one or more contrast display windows.
  • the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Both the input window and the processor mapper;
  • Step 203 The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, the signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and the fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch.
  • Step 204 the 0SD area defines an enable signal generator to generate an enable corresponding 0SD area according to the shape and position of the 0SD area, and then inputs the 0SD protection processor;
  • Step 205 The 0SD protection processor outputs the original image signal according to the enable of the 0SD area at the position of the 0SD area, and outputs the signal outputted through the window and the processor mapper in other areas.
  • Step 206 The demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal, that is, the module controls the demonstration mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures respective presentation processing data or original data, and performs corresponding comparison processing. , can also correspond to all windows Processing result after processing the module; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
  • the 0SD area to be protected is defined as d.
  • d the 0SD area to be protected.
  • the al/b region uses unprocessed results
  • the region al region uses processed results
  • the c border has a fill color
  • d is a rectangular 0SD region, which outputs unprocessed results.
  • the image processing effect contrast display system and the display method of the present invention display the image signals subjected to different processing according to the enable signal in different contrast display windows, thereby realizing an intuitive and convenient contrast after various image processing effects.
  • the contrast display window can be dynamically made to make the contrast presentation more vivid, and the different areas of the image are more convincing due to the processing benefits, and support one or more window comparison demonstrations, and realize the 0SD area of one or more windows. Protection does not show that the processed image only displays the original image signal, avoiding the negative effects of irregular processing.

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Abstract

An image processing effect comparison display system, includes a window characteristic definiting and calculating apparatus (1); an enabling signal and filling signal generator (2), which is connected to said window characteristic definiting and calculating apparatus (1); a signal processor (3); a window and processor mapping apparatus (4), which is connected to said enabling signal and filling signal generator (2) and said signal processor (3); a demonstration mode switcher (5), which is connected to said window and processor mapping apparatus (4). An image processing effect comparison display method, wherein a window characteristic definiting and calculating apparatus (1) calculates an image effect comparison display window and architrave signal; an enabling signal and filling signal generator (2) generates enabling signal; a signal processor (3) processes the original image signal; a window and processor mapping apparatus (4) generates the mapping signal of image effect comparison display window and the architrave signal from the original image signal and the processed image signal according to the enabling signal; a demonstration mode switcher (5) selects the original image signal or the processed image signal to output.

Description

图像处理效果对比显示系统和显示方法 技术领域  Image processing effect contrast display system and display method
本发明涉及一种图像处理效果对比显示系统和显示方法, 尤其是一种根 据使能信号将经过不同处理后的图像信号, 显示在不同的对比显示窗, 并且 可以对 0SD区域进行保护, 不显示经过处理后的图像, 只显示原始图像信号 实现图像处理效果对比的显示系统和显示方法。 背景技术  The invention relates to an image processing effect comparison display system and a display method, in particular to an image signal which has undergone different processing according to an enable signal, which is displayed on different contrast display windows, and can protect the 0SD area without displaying After the processed image, only the original image signal is displayed to realize the display system and the display method for comparing the image processing effects. Background technique
电子和信号处理技术发展的今天, 图像及视频的处理日趋成熟。 例如 运动自适应隔行转逐行处理, 基于运动分析的去抖动智能插值, 动态对比 度增强, 多维图像细节增强以及智能化的颜色增强校正处理等等, 这些技 术使得人们看到的图像质量越来越高, 也使得电子产品越来越考虑人们的 健康。 与此同时, 由于图像和视频的现实效果只能是人的主观感觉, 因此 就无法用一个统一的标准来对图像质量进行量化; 而视频处理技术的每一 次进步如果能够得到市场和用户的认可将有利于下一步的发展, 为技术的 持续发展提供原动力。 而对于技术进步带来的益处, 在实际应用中需要一 些帮助人们辨别技术处理后的效果的方法, 用于更有效地展示视频经过不 同处理后带来的效果。 这既有利于消费者做出正确的判断, 也利于产品的 市场推广。  With the development of electronic and signal processing technologies, the processing of images and video is becoming more mature. For example, motion adaptive interlaced to progressive processing, motion-based de-jitter intelligent interpolation, dynamic contrast enhancement, multi-dimensional image detail enhancement, and intelligent color enhancement correction processing, etc., which make people see more and more image quality. High, it also makes electronic products more and more consider people's health. At the same time, since the reality of images and video can only be a subjective feeling of human beings, it is impossible to quantify image quality with a unified standard; and every progress of video processing technology can be recognized by the market and users. It will be conducive to the next step of development and provide the driving force for the sustainable development of technology. For the benefit of technological advancement, in practice, some methods are needed to help people identify the effects of technical processing, and to more effectively display the effects of video after different processing. This will not only help consumers make correct judgments, but also facilitate the marketing of products.
现有的电子产品的图像处理效果对比显示装置和其显示方法主要是 静态的左右分屏演示, 因此形状单一, 模式固定。 因此无法实现多窗口动 态变化地对比显示经过不同图像处理后的效果。  The image processing effect comparison display device and the display method of the existing electronic products are mainly static left and right split screen presentations, so the shape is single and the mode is fixed. Therefore, it is impossible to compare the effects of multi-window dynamic display after different image processing.
并且, 由于图像视频处理系统中的一些应用将部分增强处理放在包括 屏幕控制系统 (On-Screen Di spl ay , OSD)主功能模块, 因此, 对 OSD区 域也必须进行图像处理, 而在大多数情况下是不希望对 0SD区域进行处理 的, 但是现有的图像处理系统和处理方法都无法对 OSD区域进行保护, 不 予处理。 发明内容 Moreover, since some applications in the image video processing system place partial enhancement processing on the main function module including the On-Screen Di spl ay (OSD), image processing must also be performed on the OSD area, and in most In case, you do not want to process the 0SD area. However, the existing image processing system and processing method cannot protect the OSD area and will not process it. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有图像处理效果动态对比显示系统和显示方法的 缺陷, 提供一种图像处理效果对比显示系统和显示方法, 可以非常方便的实 现多窗口动态的显示不同处理的效果。  The object of the present invention is to provide an image processing effect contrast display system and a display method for the defects of the existing image processing effect dynamic contrast display system and the display method, and it is very convenient to realize the effect of different windows dynamic display different processing.
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中 包括:  To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an image processing effect comparison display system, which includes:
窗口特征定义及计算装置, 用于根据输入的象素点所在的位置、 显示设 备的参数和设定计算进行图像效果对比显示的各个窗口的大小, 窗口边框的 宽度, 边框颜色, 和窗口的运动轨迹;  The window feature definition and calculation device is configured to calculate the size of each window for comparing the image effects according to the position of the input pixel point, the parameters of the display device, and the setting, the width of the window frame, the color of the frame, and the motion of the window. Trajectory
使能信号及填充信号发生器, 与所述窗口特征定义及计算装置相连接, 用于生成使能信号和边框填充数据, 建立使能信号和对比显示窗口的对应关 系;  An enable signal and a fill signal generator are connected to the window feature definition and calculation device for generating an enable signal and a frame fill data, and establishing a correspondence between the enable signal and the contrast display window;
信号处理器, 用于将原始图像信号进行处理, 生成各种经过处理后的图 像信号;  a signal processor, configured to process the original image signal to generate various processed image signals;
窗口与处理器映射器, 与所述使能信号及填充信号发生器和信号处理器 相连接, 用于根据使能信号将原始图像信号和经过处理的图像信号, 生成在 图像效杲对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填充信号;  a window and a processor mapper, connected to the enable signal and the fill signal generator and the signal processor, configured to generate the original image signal and the processed image signal according to the enable signal in the image effect comparison display window The mapped signal, and the fill signal of the window border;
演示模式开关器, 与所述窗口与处理器映射器相连接, 用于选择输出原 始图像信号或者经过处理的图像信号。  A demo mode switch is coupled to the window and the processor mapper for selecting to output an original image signal or a processed image signal.
还包括屏幕控制系统区域定义与使能信号发生器, 用于根据屏幕控制系 统区域的形状和位置生成对应的屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 并且所述演示模 式开关器与窗口与处理器映射器通过屏幕控制系统保护处理器相连接, 用于 根据屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 在屏幕控制系统区域的位置输出原始图像信 号, 在其他区域输出经过窗口与处理器映射器输出的信号。 所述信号处理器 为一个排有优先级的选择处理器。 所述信号处理器包括数个用来对原始图像 信号进行处理的信号处理模块, 该数个信号处理模块均与所述窗口与处理器 映射器相连接。 所述信号处理模块为色彩增强处理模块或者对比度增强处理 模块或者细节增强处理模块或者防抖动处理模块或者去锯齿处理模块。 Also included is a screen control system area definition and enable signal generator for generating an enable of a corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area, and the demo mode switch and window and processor mapper The processor is connected through a screen control system for outputting the original image letter at the position of the screen control system area according to the enabling of the screen control system area No. Outputs signals output through the window and processor mapper in other areas. The signal processor is a prioritized selection processor. The signal processor includes a plurality of signal processing modules for processing the raw image signals, the plurality of signal processing modules being coupled to the window and the processor mapper. The signal processing module is a color enhancement processing module or a contrast enhancement processing module or a detail enhancement processing module or an anti-shake processing module or an anti-aliasing processing module.
为实现上述目的, 本发明还提供了一种图像处理效果对比显示方法, 其 中包括如下步骤:  To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides an image processing effect comparison display method, which includes the following steps:
步驟 1 , 窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的信号, 以 及对比显示窗的边框信号, 均输入使能信号及填充信号发生器;  Step 1 , the window feature definition and the calculation device calculate the image effect comparison display window signal, and compare the display window frame signal, and input the enable signal and the fill signal generator;
步骤 2 , 使能信号及填充信号发生器生成使能信号, 每个使能信号对应 一个或者多个对比显示窗口; 信号处理器将原始图像信号进行图像处理, 生 成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器;  Step 2: The enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, and each enable signal corresponds to one or more contrast display windows; the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Both the input window and the processor mapper;
步骤 3 , 窗口与处理器映射器根据使能信号, 将原始图像信号和经过处 理的图像信号生成在图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填充 信号, 并且均发送给演示模式开关器;  Step 3: The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, the signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and the fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch ;
步驟 演示模式开关器选择输出原始图像信号或经过处理的图像信号。 所述步骤 1 中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的信 号, 具体为窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的形状、 大小 和运动方向信号。 所述步骤 1中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算对比显示窗的 边框的信号,具体为窗口特征定义及计算装置计算对比显示窗的边框的宽度、 形状和颜色信号。 所述步骤 1还包括窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果 对比显示窗内的子窗口的信号, 以及子窗口的边框信号, 均输入使能信号及 填充信号发生器。 所述窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗中 子窗口的信号, 具体为窗口特征定义及计算装置计算子窗口的形状、 大小和 运动方向信号。 所述窗口特征定义及计算装置计算子窗口的边框的信号, 具 体为窗口特征定义及计算装置计算子窗口的边框宽度、 形状和颜色信号。 所 述步驟中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算运动方向为根据显示设备的扫描方式 分解成水平方向和垂直方向。 所述步驟 2 中信号处理器将原始图像信号进行 图像处理, 生成各种经过图像处理的信号具体为: 所述信号处理器中的各个 信号处理模块将原始图像信号进行图像处理,生成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器中。 The step demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal. The window feature definition and the computing device in the step 1 calculate the image effect comparison display window signal, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the image effect contrast display window shape, size and motion direction signal. The window feature definition and calculation device in the step 1 calculates a signal of the frame of the contrast display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the width, shape and color signal of the frame of the contrast display window. The step 1 further includes a window feature definition and a calculation device calculating a signal of the sub-window in the image contrast comparison display window, and a frame signal of the sub-window, each inputting an enable signal and a fill signal generator. The window feature definition and the computing device calculate the image effect to compare the signal of the sub-window in the display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the shape, size and motion direction signal of the sub-window. The window feature definition and the calculation device calculate a signal of the border of the sub-window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the border width, shape and color signal of the sub-window. Place The window feature definition and the calculation device calculate the motion direction in the step are decomposed into a horizontal direction and a vertical direction according to the scanning mode of the display device. In the step 2, the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Specifically, each signal processing module in the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various processes. The image processed signals are input into the window and processor mapper.
所述步骤 3和步骤 4之间还包括步骤: ' 步骤 31, 屏幕控制系统区域定义与使能信号发生器根据屏幕控制系统区 域的形状和位置生成对应的屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 然后输入屏幕控制系 统保护处理器;  The step 3 and the step 4 further include the steps of: 'Step 31, the screen control system area definition and the enable signal generator generate an enable of the corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area, and then input The screen control system protects the processor;
步骤 32, 屏幕控制系统保护处理器根据屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 在屏 幕控制系统区域的位置输出原始图像信号, 在其他区域输出经过窗口与处理 器映射器输出的信号。  Step 32: The screen control system protection processor outputs the original image signal at the position of the screen control system area according to the enablement of the screen control system area, and outputs the signal outputted by the window and the processor mapper in other areas.
因此, 本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统和显示方法, 才艮据使能信号将 经过不同处理后的图像信号, 显示在不同的对比显示窗, 实现了直观和方便 的对比经过各种图像处理后的效果, 对比显示窗口可以实现动态使得对比 演示更加生动,并表现图像不同区域因处理带来的好处,更加具有说服力, 而且支持一个或者多窗口对比演示, 另外实现了对一个或者多窗口的 0SD 区域进行保护不显示经过处理后的图像只显示原始图像信号, 避免非规则处 理带来的负面影响。  Therefore, the image processing effect contrast display system and the display method of the present invention display the different processed image signals according to the enable signal in different contrast display windows, thereby realizing an intuitive and convenient comparison after various image processing. The effect of the contrast display window can be dynamic to make the contrast presentation more vivid, and the performance of different areas of the image is more convincing, and supports one or more window comparison demonstrations, and achieves one or more windows. The protection of the 0SD area does not show that the processed image only displays the original image signal, avoiding the negative effects caused by irregular processing.
下面通过附图和实施例, 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。 附图说明  The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 1的结构示意图。  1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention.
图 2为本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统的使能信号及填充信号发生 器、信号处理器、 窗口与处理器映射器和演示模式开关器的详细结构示意图。  2 is a detailed structural diagram of an enable signal and a fill signal generator, a signal processor, a window and a processor mapper, and a demo mode switch of the image processing effect comparison display system of the present invention.
图 3为本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 2的结构示意图。 图 4为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法实施例 1的流程图。 图 5为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 1。 FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention. 4 is a flow chart of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 1 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 6为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 2。  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention.
图 7为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 3。  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method according to the present invention.
图 8为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 4。  FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 9为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 5。  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 10为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 6。  FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 11为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 7。  FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 12为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 8。  FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the display effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 13为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 9。  FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram 9 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 14为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法显示效果示意图 10。  FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram 10 showing the effect of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention.
图 15为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法实施例 2的流程图。 具体实施方式  Figure 15 is a flow chart showing Embodiment 2 of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention. detailed description
本发明利用人眼的视觉和心理特性, 采用同一显示设备上的不同的窗 口显示经过不同的图像处理后的效果, 并结合静动态的方式使得处理效果 更加具有说服力; 同时,针对实际应用中的特殊区域如 0SD区域进行保护, 输出原始图像。  The invention utilizes the visual and psychological characteristics of the human eye, uses different windows on the same display device to display the effects after different image processing, and combines the static and dynamic manners to make the processing effect more convincing; meanwhile, for practical applications The special area is protected by the 0SD area, and the original image is output.
图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 1  Image processing effect comparison display system embodiment 1
如图 1所示,为本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 1的结构示意 图, 包括窗口特征定义及计算装置 1 ; 使能信号及填充信号发生器 2, 与所述 窗口特征定义及计算装置 1相连接; 信号处理器 3, 与所述填充信号发生器 相连接; 窗口与处理器映射器 4 , 与所述使能信号及填充信号发生器 2和信 号处理器 3相连接; 演示模式开关器 5 , 与所迷窗口与处理器映射器 4相连 接, 用于对原始图像信号和经过处理的图像信号选择输出。  FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of an image processing effect comparison display system according to the present invention, including a window feature definition and computing device 1; an enable signal and a fill signal generator 2, and the window feature definition and calculation device a phase connection; a signal processor 3, connected to the fill signal generator; a window and processor mapper 4, connected to the enable signal and fill signal generator 2 and the signal processor 3; The device 5 is connected to the window and the processor mapper 4 for selecting an output of the original image signal and the processed image signal.
窗口特征定义及计算装置 1 , 用于根据输入的象素点所在的位置、 显示 设备的参数和设定计算进行图像效果对比显示的各个窗口的大小, 窗口边框 的宽度, 边框颜色和窗口的运动轨迹, 输出包括像素所处区域(窗口内、 外以 及边沿等), 并将颜色等填充数据传递给使能信号及填充信号发生器 2 , 包括 主窗口大小、 位置、 形状, 主子窗口边框宽度、 形状、 颜色等, 并计算窗口 的运动速度、 轨迹、 运动方向 並撞模型) 。 这些特征可以固定于定义装置 逻辑中, 也可以通过寄存器或者参数输入来确定, 实际应用中可以预先设定, 也可以实时通过 MCU等处理器来控制读写这些寄存器, 从而改变窗口的行为 特征。 a window feature definition and calculation device 1 for displaying the position according to the input pixel point The parameters and settings of the device calculate the size of each window for comparing the image effects, the width of the window border, the color of the border, and the motion track of the window. The output includes the area where the pixel is located (inside, outside, and edge of the window, etc.), and the color The fill data is passed to the enable signal and fill signal generator 2, including the main window size, position, shape, main sub-window border width, shape, color, etc., and calculate the window's motion speed, trajectory, motion direction and collision model). These features can be fixed in the definition device logic, or can be determined by register or parameter input. In actual applications, they can be preset, or they can be controlled by the MCU and other processors to read and write these registers, thus changing the behavior of the window.
使能信号及填充信号发生器 2 , 用于生成使能信号和边框填充数据, 建 立使能信号和对比显示窗口的对应关系, 从而控制信号处理器 3与对比显示 窗口的对应关系, 也就是每一个对比显示窗口的显示信号是由信号处理器 3 中的何模块处理后的, 和边沿填充等等模块, 即输出图像信号处理结果的选 择开关使能 (有效信号), 边沿填充数据使能以及填充数据等, 每个使能信号 可以对应一个选择开关并关联一个或者多个演示(子)窗口。 该装置建立各个 窗口与使能信号的对应关系, 从而确定与各选择电路开关的对应关系。 如果 需要切换不同(子)窗口的显示内容, 可以在这个电路部分实现切换。  The enable signal and the fill signal generator 2 are configured to generate an enable signal and a border fill data, establish a correspondence between the enable signal and the contrast display window, thereby controlling the correspondence between the signal processor 3 and the contrast display window, that is, each A display signal of a comparison display window is processed by a module in the signal processor 3, and an edge padding module, that is, a selection switch enable (effective signal) for outputting image signal processing results, edge padding data enable, and Filling data, etc., each enable signal can correspond to a selection switch and associated with one or more presentation (sub) windows. The device establishes a correspondence between each window and an enable signal to determine a correspondence with each of the selection circuit switches. If you need to switch the display of different (sub)windows, you can switch between this circuit part.
信号处理器 3用于将原始图像信号进行图像处理, 生成各种经过图像处 理的信号。 其输入原始图像视频信号, 输出经过图像处理的中间或者最终结 果信号, 可以包括一个或者多个处理模块, 模块的连接可以是串行也可以是 并行, 甚至混合排列方式, 实际上还可以是一个排有优先级的选择电路, 例 如: 当边框使能信号有效时, 其他模块的输出都不会被引用。 窗口与处理器 映射器 4, 用于根据使能信号将原始图像信号和经过处理的图像信号, 生成 在图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填充信号。 该窗口与处 理器映射器 4输入信号处理器 3处理的中间或者最终结果信号, 以及原始信 号, 输出处理信号在演示窗口中映射的信号, 包括演示窗口边框等非图像本 身信息。 这里根据使能信号及填充信号发生器 2提供的信号为各个窗口 (包 括子窗口)确定输出的信号为哪个处理模块的输出或者填充窗口边框。 The signal processor 3 is for performing image processing on the original image signals to generate various image processed signals. The input original image video signal, the output intermediate or final result signal through the image processing, may include one or more processing modules, the connection of the module may be serial or parallel, or even mixed arrangement, in fact, may also be a Priority selection circuits, for example: When the frame enable signal is active, the outputs of other modules are not referenced. The window and processor mapper 4 is configured to generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, a signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and a fill signal of the window frame. The window and the processor mapper 4 input the intermediate or final result signal processed by the signal processor 3, and the original signal, and output the signal mapped by the processing signal in the presentation window, including non-image information such as the presentation window border. Here, according to the enable signal and the signal provided by the fill signal generator 2, each window (package) The sub-window window determines which output of the processing module is the output signal or fills the window border.
演示模式开关器 5 , 用于对原始图像信号和经过处理的图像信号选择输 出。 该演示模式开关器 5输入处理后的数据, 输出送给后级的数据, 该模块 控制演示模式开关, 如果是开, 则部分窗口选择配置各自的演示处理数据或 者原始数据, 进行相应的对比处理, 也可以对应所有窗口都为处理模块后的 处理结果; 模块选择关闭时, 则选择原始信号。  The demo mode switch 5 is for selecting an output of the original image signal and the processed image signal. The demo mode switch 5 inputs the processed data, and outputs the data to the subsequent stage. The module controls the demo mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures the respective demo processing data or the original data, and performs corresponding comparison processing. , it can also correspond to the processing result after processing all the modules; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
如图 2所示, 为一个使能信号及填充信号发生器 2、 信号处理器 3、 窗口 与处理器映射器 4和演示模式开关器 5的详细结构图, 信号处理器 3由第一 信号处理模块 31、 第二信号处理模块 32和第三信号处理模块 33组成, 这些 处理模块可以是色彩增强处理模块或者对比度增强处理模块或者细节增强处 理模块或者防抖动处理模块或者去锯齿处理模块等等; 使能信号及填充信号 发生器 2产生的使能信号控制窗口与处理器映射器 4, 在对比显示窗口输出 不同的信号处理模块处理后的信号, 演示模式开关器 5选择输出经过处理后 的图像信号还是原始信号。  As shown in FIG. 2, for a detailed structure diagram of an enable signal and fill signal generator 2, a signal processor 3, a window and processor mapper 4, and a demo mode switch 5, the signal processor 3 is processed by the first signal. The module 31, the second signal processing module 32 and the third signal processing module 33 may be a color enhancement processing module or a contrast enhancement processing module or a detail enhancement processing module or an anti-shake processing module or an anti-aliasing processing module, etc. The enable signal and the enable signal control window generated by the fill signal generator 2 and the processor mapper 4 output different signals processed by the signal processing module in the comparison display window, and the demo mode switch 5 selects the output after processing. The image signal is also the original signal.
图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 2  Image processing effect comparison display system embodiment 2
如图 3所示, 为本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统实施例 2 的结构示意 图, 即在上述实施例中, 外加一个 0SD区域定义与使能信号发生器 6 , 用于 根据各个 0SD区域的形状和位置生成对应的 0SD区域的使能, 0SD区域定义 与使能信号发生器 6输入 0SD区域大小形状等参数, 0SD区域形状可以为各 种形状, 圆形, 矩形, 甚至是 LOGO, 输出对应各个保护窗口的使能信号, 这 里的参数可以通过用户进行设定, 也可以预先部分确定, 如形状等。 并且所 述演示模式开关器 5与窗口与处理器映射器 4通过 0SD保护处理器 7相连接, 用于根据 0SD区域的使能, 在 0SD区域的位置输出原始图像信号, 在其他区 域输出经过窗口与处理器映射器 4输出的信号。 0SD保护处理器 7输入经过 演示窗口后的数据, 输出经过 0SD保护后的数据, 处理模块都处在 0SD功能 模块以前, 则不需要进行 0SD保护。 图像处理效果对比显示方法的实施例 1 As shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the image processing effect comparison display system of the present invention, that is, in the above embodiment, an OSD area definition and enable signal generator 6 is added for the shape according to each OSD area. The 0SD area is enabled corresponding to the position generation, the 0SD area is defined, and the enable signal generator 6 inputs the 0SD area size and other parameters. The 0SD area shape can be various shapes, circular, rectangular, or even LOGO, and the output corresponds to each. The enable signal of the protection window, the parameters here can be set by the user, or can be determined in advance, such as shape. And the demo mode switcher 5 and the window and processor mapper 4 are connected by the 0SD protection processor 7 for outputting the original image signal at the position of the 0SD area according to the enable of the OSD area, and outputting the passing window in other areas. The signal output with the processor mapper 4. The 0SD protection processor 7 inputs the data after the demonstration window, and outputs the data after the 0SD protection. Before the processing module is in the 0SD function module, the 0SD protection is not required. Embodiment 1 of image processing effect comparison display method
如图 4所示, 为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法是实例 1的流程图, 详细步 如下:  As shown in FIG. 4, the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention is a flowchart of Example 1, and the detailed steps are as follows:
步骤 101 , 窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的形状、 大小和运动方向信号, 以及对比显示窗的宽度、 形状和颜色信号, 均输入使 能信号及填充信号发生器;  Step 101: The window feature definition and the computing device calculate an image effect contrast display window shape, a size, and a motion direction signal, and compare the width, shape, and color signals of the display window, and input an enable signal and a fill signal generator;
并且还可以包括图像效果对比显示窗内的子窗口的形状、 大小和运动方 向信号, 以及子窗口的边框宽度、 形状和颜色信号, 也均输入使能信号及填 充信号发生器;  And the image effect can also include the shape, size and motion direction signal of the sub-window in the display window, and the border width, shape and color signal of the sub-window, and the input enable signal and the filling signal generator;
对比显示演示窗口和窗口内的子窗口, 其形状可以是矩形、 圓形、 扇 形以及各种不规则形状(如 Logo的图标形状) ; 边框的形状可以是平坦 方式、 凸凹方式, 也可以是其他更为复杂的立体形状等; 边框的宽度为可 调整, 如果宽度为零则无可视边框;  The comparison shows the presentation window and the sub-window in the window. The shape can be rectangular, circular, fan-shaped, and various irregular shapes (such as the logo shape of the logo); the shape of the border can be flat, convex or concave, or other More complex three-dimensional shapes, etc.; the width of the border is adjustable, if the width is zero, there is no visible border;
对比显示演示窗口和窗口内的子窗口分别计算运动速度和方向, 主窗 口下的子窗口随同主窗口的运动特征; 运动方向的定义才艮据显示设备的扫 描方式分解成水平方向 ( v、)和垂直方向 ( V、,), Vx = Vv = 0时表示静态区域; 当演示区域运动到有效图像或者显示设备边沿时的碰撞模型包括如反射、 粘滞反射、 边形反射等; 并且包括主窗口的边框和自窗口间的边框; Comparing the display window and the sub-window in the window respectively calculate the motion speed and direction, and the sub-window under the main window follows the motion characteristics of the main window; the definition of the motion direction is decomposed into a horizontal direction according to the scanning mode of the display device (v,) And the vertical direction (V,,), V x = V v = 0 represents the static area; when the demonstration area moves to the effective image or the edge of the display device, the collision model includes, for example, reflection, viscous reflection, edge reflection, etc.; Includes the border of the main window and the border between the windows;
对比显示演示窗口和窗口内的子窗口定义的形状、 边沿以及运动模型 可以基于预设的计算方式用组合逻辑来实时计算, 也可以利用 memory来 描述这些特性, 前者主要用于规则的固定模式的特征定义, 如圓形、 平坦 边框以及直线匀速运动等,一旦定义行为不易改变;后者用于定义不规则, 难以用闭式描述的特征, 如不规则图像、 边框以及非线性的运动反射等, 这种方法具有较高的灵活性, 但是开销较大;  Contrast display The shape, edge and motion model defined by the sub-window in the demo window and window can be calculated in real time by combinatorial logic based on the preset calculation method. These characteristics can also be described by using memory. The former is mainly used for the fixed mode of the rule. Feature definitions, such as circular, flat borders, and straight-line motion, are not easy to change once defined; the latter are used to define irregularities, features that are difficult to describe in closed form, such as irregular images, borders, and nonlinear motion reflections. This method has higher flexibility, but the overhead is larger;
例如如图 5所示, 根据图像视频在显示设备上的显示模式, 确定区分 演示窗口为一个圆形, 大小根据需要定为外半径为 150- -300像素, 用 Memory确定可变宽度的圆形窗口边框,用寄存器定义边框部分的颜色分量 值, 根据设定的圓心的运动速度和方向定义每一场 /帧圆心对应的位置, 从而计算得到每个像素处于: 圆形窗口内(a) , 圆形窗口外(b) , 圓形窗口 编筐内(c) ; 定义圆心最大的运动边框坐标, 当圓心遇到这个边框时, 改 变运动方向 /速度, 对于圆形的内外半径也可以动态改变以改变相应的圆 形窗口大小; For example, as shown in FIG. 5, according to the display mode of the image video on the display device, it is determined that the presentation window is a circle, and the size is set to an outer radius of 150-300 pixels as needed. Memory determines the circular window border of variable width, and uses the register to define the color component value of the border portion, and defines the position corresponding to the center of each field/frame according to the movement speed and direction of the set center, thereby calculating that each pixel is: Inside the circular window (a), outside the circular window (b), inside the circular window frame (c); define the coordinates of the largest moving frame of the center of the circle, when the center of the circle encounters this border, change the direction/speed of motion, for the circle The inner and outer radii of the shape can also be dynamically changed to change the corresponding circular window size;
或者如图 6至 9所示, 根据图像视频在显示设备上的显示模式, 确定 区分演示窗口为一个矩形区域, 大小根据需要确定, 用计算的方式确定可 变宽度的矩形主窗口边框, 用寄存器定义边框部分的颜色分量值, 这里确 定主窗口为静止矩形区域, 然后判断主演示窗口下下是否有子窗口, 若有 确定子窗口间边沿为单双向 (参见图 6 ) 的左右 (参见图 7 )上下 (参见 图 8 )或者斜向 (参见图 9 ) 的 SWEEP方式, 运动可以是双向的也可以是 单向的; 当然, 也可以采用入图 10至 1 3中较为简单的方式, 将演示窗口 定义为屏幕的垂直或者水平方向的中间部分(或者对半部分) , 从而将屏 幕分割成三 (两)部分, 窗口显示区域可以是固定的, 也可以是运动的, 边框可以是零像素宽度, 也可以是具有一定像素宽度的边沿, 窗口显示区 域内外的演示可以互换;  Or as shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. 9, according to the display mode of the image video on the display device, determining that the presentation window is a rectangular area, the size is determined according to requirements, and the variable width rectangular main window frame is determined by calculation, and the register is used. Define the color component value of the border part. Here, determine that the main window is a still rectangular area, and then determine whether there is a sub-window under the main presentation window. If there is a certain edge between the sub-windows, the left and right sides (see Figure 6) are left and right (see Figure 7). The SWEEP mode of up and down (see Figure 8) or diagonal (see Figure 9), the motion can be bidirectional or unidirectional; of course, it can also be demonstrated in a simpler way in Figures 10 to 13. The window is defined as the vertical or horizontal middle portion (or half of the screen) of the screen, thereby dividing the screen into three (two) portions. The window display area can be fixed or movable, and the border can be zero pixel width. , can also be an edge with a certain pixel width, the demonstration inside and outside the window display area can be In other words;
再如图 14所示, 采用了窗口形状为任意形状 LOGO , 且采用多个主子 窗口演示, 根据图像视频在显示设备上的显示模式, 确定多个主对比显示 窗口, 窗口的形状可以为任意形状, 其形状表示采用 Memory进行比特映 射, 确定各个演示窗口 11、 12 的边框及其特征, 用寄存器定义边框部分 的颜色等分量值, 确定角度运动, 确定每个主窗口下子窗口 111至 116间 边沿的运动模型和边框特征, 这里子窗口的边沿相对主窗口可以是静止 的, 也可以是运动的; 步骤 102 ,使能信号及填充信号发生器生成使能信号, 每个使能信号对应一个或者多个对比显示窗口; 信号处理器将原始图像信号 进行图像处理, 生成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器; 步骤 103 , 窗口与处理器映射器根据使能信号, 将原始图像信号和经过 处理的图像信号生成在图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填 充信号, 并且均发送给演示模式开关器; As shown in FIG. 14, the window shape is an arbitrary shape LOGO, and multiple main sub-window presentations are used. According to the display mode of the image video on the display device, a plurality of main contrast display windows are determined, and the shape of the window may be any shape. The shape indicates that the memory is used for bit mapping, the borders of the respective presentation windows 11, 12 and their features are determined, and the color and other component values of the border portion are defined by the register to determine the angular motion, and the edges between the sub-windows 111 to 116 in each main window are determined. The motion model and the frame feature, where the edge of the sub-window may be stationary or movable relative to the main window; Step 102, the enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, each enable signal corresponding to one or a plurality of contrast display windows; the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signals to generate various image processed signals, and inputs the window and the processor mapper; Step 103: The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, a signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and a fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch ;
步骤 104 , 演示模式开关器选择输出原始图像信号或经过处理的图像信 号, 即该模块控制演示模式开关, 如果是开, 则部分窗口选择配置各自的演 示处理数据或者原始数据, 进行相应的对比处理, 也可以对应所有窗口都为 处理模块后的处理结果; 模块选择关闭时, 则选择原始信号。  Step 104: The demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal, that is, the module controls the demo mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures respective demo processing data or original data, and performs corresponding contrast processing. , it can also correspond to the processing result after processing all the modules; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
图像处理效果对比显示方法的实施例 2  Embodiment 2 of image processing effect comparison display method
如图 15所示, 为本发明图像处理效果对比显示方法的流程图, 详细步驟 如下:  As shown in FIG. 15, it is a flowchart of the image processing effect comparison display method of the present invention, and the detailed steps are as follows:
步骤 201 , 窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的形状、 大小和运动方向信号, 以及对比显示窗的宽度、 形状和颜色信号, 均输入使 能信号及填充信号发生器,'窗口的各个特征与上述实施例相同;  Step 201, the window feature definition and the computing device calculate the shape, size and motion direction signals of the image contrast display window, and compare the width, shape and color signals of the display window, and input the enable signal and the fill signal generator, 'window Each feature is the same as the above embodiment;
步骤 202 , 使能信号及填充信号发生器生成使能信号, 每个使能信号对 应一个或者多个对比显示窗口; 信号处理器将原始图像信号进行图像处理, 生成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器;  Step 202: The enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, and each enable signal corresponds to one or more contrast display windows. The signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Both the input window and the processor mapper;
步骤 203 , 窗口与处理器映射器根据使能信号, 将原始图像信号和经过 处理的图像信号生成在图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, .和窗口边框的填 充信号, 并且均发送给演示模式开关器;  Step 203: The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, the signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and the fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch. Device
步骤 204 , 0SD区域定义与使能信号发生器根据 0SD区域的形状和位置生 成对应的 0SD区域的使能, 然后输入 0SD保护处理器;  Step 204, the 0SD area defines an enable signal generator to generate an enable corresponding 0SD area according to the shape and position of the 0SD area, and then inputs the 0SD protection processor;
步骤 205 , 0SD保护处理器根据 0SD区域的使能,在 0SD区域的位置输出. 原始图像信号, 在其他区域输出经过窗口与处理器映射器输出的信号。  Step 205: The 0SD protection processor outputs the original image signal according to the enable of the 0SD area at the position of the 0SD area, and outputs the signal outputted through the window and the processor mapper in other areas.
步骤 206 , 演示模式开关器选择输出原始图像信号或经过处理的图像信 号, 即该模块控制演示模式开关, 如果是开, 则部分窗口选择配置各自的演 示处理数据或者原始数据, 进行相应的对比处理, 也可以对应所有窗口都为 处理模块后的处理结果; 模块选择关闭时, 则选择原始信号。 Step 206: The demonstration mode switch selects to output an original image signal or a processed image signal, that is, the module controls the demonstration mode switch. If it is on, the partial window selects and configures respective presentation processing data or original data, and performs corresponding comparison processing. , can also correspond to all windows Processing result after processing the module; when the module selection is off, the original signal is selected.
再参见图 5所示,定义需要保护的 0SD区域为 d,对于区域内的所有像 素, 无论处于哪个演示窗口, 都不进行处理, 直接连接原始信号, 演示模 式间切换和演示模式开关, 合并产生输出结果。 例如, al/b区域采用未经 处理的结果, 区域 al区域采用处理后的结果, c边框内采用填充颜色, d 为矩形 0SD区域, 输出未经处理的结果。  Referring again to FIG. 5, the 0SD area to be protected is defined as d. For all the pixels in the area, no processing is performed in any presentation window, and the original signal is directly connected, and the mode switching between modes and the mode switch are combined. Output the result. For example, the al/b region uses unprocessed results, the region al region uses processed results, the c border has a fill color, and d is a rectangular 0SD region, which outputs unprocessed results.
因此, 本发明图像处理效果对比显示系统和显示方法, 根据使能信号将 经过不同处理后的图像信号, 显示在不同的对比显示窗, 实现了直观和方便 的对比经过各种图像处理后的效果, 对比显示窗口可以实现动态使得对比 演示更加生动,并表现图像不同区域因处理带来的好处,更加具有说服力, 而且支持一个或者多窗口对比演示, 另外实现了对一个或者多窗口的 0SD 区域进行保护不显示经过处理后的图像只显示原始图像信号, 避免非规则处 理带来的负面影响。  Therefore, the image processing effect contrast display system and the display method of the present invention display the image signals subjected to different processing according to the enable signal in different contrast display windows, thereby realizing an intuitive and convenient contrast after various image processing effects. The contrast display window can be dynamically made to make the contrast presentation more vivid, and the different areas of the image are more convincing due to the processing benefits, and support one or more window comparison demonstrations, and realize the 0SD area of one or more windows. Protection does not show that the processed image only displays the original image signal, avoiding the negative effects of irregular processing.
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制 , 尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明 , 本领域的普通技术人员应当 理解, 可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换, 而不脱离本发明技 术方案的精神和范围。  It should be noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. Modifications or equivalents are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1、 一种图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中包括: 1. An image processing effect comparison display system, comprising:
窗口特征定义及计算装置, 用于根据输入的象素点所在的位置、 显示设 备的参数和设定计算进行图像效果对比显示的各个窗口的大小, 窗口边框的 宽度, 边框颜色, 和窗口的运动轨迹;  The window feature definition and calculation device is configured to calculate the size of each window for comparing the image effects according to the position of the input pixel point, the parameters of the display device, and the setting, the width of the window frame, the color of the frame, and the motion of the window. Trajectory
使能信号及填充信号发生器, 与所述窗口特征定义及计算装置相连接, 用于生成使能信号和边框填充数据, 建立使能信号和对比显示窗口的对应关 系;  An enable signal and a fill signal generator are connected to the window feature definition and calculation device for generating an enable signal and a frame fill data, and establishing a correspondence between the enable signal and the contrast display window;
信号处理器, 用于将原始图像信号进行处理, 生成各种经过处理后的图 像信号;  a signal processor, configured to process the original image signal to generate various processed image signals;
窗口与处理器映射器, 与所述使能信号及填充信号发生器和信号处理器 相连接, 用于根据使能信号将原始图像信号和经过处理的图像信号, 生成在 图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填充信号;  a window and a processor mapper, coupled to the enable signal and the fill signal generator and the signal processor, configured to generate the image image in the image effect comparison display window according to the enable signal and the original image signal and the processed image signal Signal, and the fill signal of the window border;
演示模式开关器, 与所述窗口与处理器映射器相连接, 用于选择输出原 始图像信号或者经过处理的图像信号。  A demo mode switch is coupled to the window and the processor mapper for selecting to output an original image signal or a processed image signal.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中还包括屏 幕控制系统区域定义与使能信号发生器, 用于根据屏幕控制系统区域的形状 和位置生成对应的屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 并且所述演示模式开关器与窗 口与处理器映射器通过屏幕控制系统保护处理器相连接, 用于根据屏幕控制 系统区域的使能, 在屏幕控制系统区域的位置输出原始图像信号, 在其他区 域输出经过窗口与处理器映射器输出的信号。  2. The image processing effect comparison display system according to claim 1, further comprising a screen control system area definition and enable signal generator for generating a corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area Enabled, and the demo mode switch and the window and processor mapper are connected by a screen control system protection processor for outputting an original image signal at a position of the screen control system area according to an enable of the screen control system area, Signals output through the window and processor mapper are output in other areas.
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中所述 信号处理器为一个排有优先级的选择处理 II。  The image processing effect contrast display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said signal processor is a prioritized selection process II.
4、 才据权利要求 1或 2所述的图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中所述 信号处理器包括数个用来对原始图像信号进行处理的信号处理模块, 该数个 信号处理模块均与所述窗口与处理器映射器相连接。 4. The image processing effect comparison display system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said signal processor comprises a plurality of signal processing modules for processing the original image signals, and the plurality of signal processing modules are both The window is connected to the processor mapper.
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的图像处理效果对比显示系统, 其中所述信号 处理模块为色彩增强处理模块或者对比度增强处理模块或者细节增强处理模 块或者防抖动处理模块或者去锯齿处理模块。 5. The image processing effect contrast display system according to claim 4, wherein the signal processing module is a color enhancement processing module or a contrast enhancement processing module or a detail enhancement processing module or an anti-shake processing module or an anti-aliasing processing module.
6、 一种图像处理效果对比显示方法, 其中包括如下步骤:  6. A method for comparing image display effects, comprising the following steps:
步驟 1 , 窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的信号, 以 及对比显示窗的边框信号, 均输入使能信号及填充信号发生器;  Step 1 , the window feature definition and the calculation device calculate the image effect comparison display window signal, and compare the display window frame signal, and input the enable signal and the fill signal generator;
步驟 2 , 使能信号及填充信号发生器生成使能信号, 每个使能信号对应 一个或者多个对比显示窗口; 信号处理器将原始图像信号进行图像处理, 生 成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器;  Step 2: The enable signal and the fill signal generator generate an enable signal, and each enable signal corresponds to one or more contrast display windows; the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals. Both the input window and the processor mapper;
步骤 3 , 窗口与处理器映射器根据使能信号, 将原始图像信号和经过处 理的图像信号生成在图像效果对比显示窗口映射的信号, 和窗口边框的填充 信号, 并且均发送给演示模式开关器;  Step 3: The window and the processor mapper generate, according to the enable signal, the original image signal and the processed image signal, the signal mapped in the image effect contrast display window, and the fill signal of the window frame, and are sent to the demo mode switch ;
步骤 4 , 演示模式开关器选择输出原始图像信号或经过处理的图像信号。  Step 4: The demo mode switch selects to output the original image signal or the processed image signal.
7、 才艮据权利要求 6所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述步骤 1 中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的信号, 具体为窗口特 征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗的形状、 大小和运动方向信号。  7. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 6, wherein the window feature definition and the calculation device in the step 1 calculate a signal of the image effect comparison display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the image effect. Compare the shape, size and direction of motion of the display window.
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述步骤 1 中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算对比显示窗的边框的信号, 具体为窗口特征 定义及计算装置计算对比显示窗的边框的宽度、 形状和颜色信号。  8. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 6, wherein the window feature definition and the computing device in the step 1 calculate a signal of a frame of the comparison display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the contrast display window. The width, shape, and color of the border.
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述步骤 1 还包括窗口特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗内的子窗口的信 号, 以及子窗口的边框信号, 均输入使能信号及填充信号发生器。  9. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 6, wherein the step 1 further comprises: a window feature definition and a calculation device calculating a signal of the sub-window in the image contrast comparison display window, and a frame signal of the sub-window, Input enable signal and fill signal generator.
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述窗口 特征定义及计算装置计算图像效果对比显示窗中子窗口的信号, 具体为窗口 特征定义及计算装置计算子窗口的形状、 大小和运动方向信号。  10. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 9, wherein the window feature definition and calculation means calculate a signal of the image effect in comparison with the sub-window in the display window, specifically the window feature definition and the calculation device calculates the shape of the sub-window , size and direction of motion signals.
1 1、 根据权利要求 9所述的图像处理效杲对比显示方法,其中所述窗口 特征定义及计算装置计算子窗口的边框的信号, 具体为窗口特征定义及计算 装置计算子窗口的边框宽度、 形状和颜色信号。 1 1. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 9, wherein the window The feature definition and calculation means calculate the signal of the border of the sub-window, specifically the window feature definition and the computing device calculates the border width, shape and color signal of the sub-window.
12、 根据权利要求 7和 10所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法, 其中所 述步驟中窗口特征定义及计算装置计算运动方向为根据显示设备的扫描方式 分解成水平方向和垂直方向。  12. The image processing effect contrast display method according to claims 7 and 10, wherein the window feature definition and the calculation means calculate the motion direction in the step to be decomposed into a horizontal direction and a vertical direction according to a scanning mode of the display device.
1 3、 根据权利要求 6所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述步骤 2 中信号处理器将原始图像信号进行图像处理, 生成各种经过图像处理的信 号具体为: 所述信号处理器中的各个信号处理模块将原始图像信号进行图像 处理, 生成各种经过图像处理的信号, 均输入窗口与处理器映射器中。  The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 6, wherein the signal processor performs image processing on the original image signal in the step 2, and generates various image processed signals, specifically: the signal processor Each of the signal processing modules performs image processing on the original image signal to generate various image processed signals, which are input into the window and the processor mapper.
14、 根据权利要求 6所述的图像处理效果对比显示方法,其中所述步驟 14. The image processing effect comparison display method according to claim 6, wherein said step
3和步驟 4之间还包括步骤: Steps between 3 and 4 are also included:
步骤 31 , 屏幕控制系统区域定义与使能信号发生器根据屏幕控制系统区 域的形状和位置生成对应的屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 然后输入屏幕控制系 统保护处理器;  Step 31: The screen control system area definition and the enable signal generator generate an enable of the corresponding screen control system area according to the shape and position of the screen control system area, and then input the screen control system protection processor;
步驟 32 , 屏幕控制系统保护处理器根据屏幕控制系统区域的使能, 在屏 幕控制系统区域的位置输出原始图像信号, 在其他区域输出经过窗口与处理 器映射器输出的信号。  Step 32: The screen control system protection processor outputs the original image signal at the position of the screen control system area according to the enablement of the screen control system area, and outputs the signal outputted by the window and the processor mapper in other areas.
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