WO2007088564A1 - Procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines - Google Patents
Procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007088564A1 WO2007088564A1 PCT/IT2006/000566 IT2006000566W WO2007088564A1 WO 2007088564 A1 WO2007088564 A1 WO 2007088564A1 IT 2006000566 W IT2006000566 W IT 2006000566W WO 2007088564 A1 WO2007088564 A1 WO 2007088564A1
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- procedure
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions, in particular NO x and particulate, of diesel cycle engines.
- a solution suggested by the prior art consists in the addition of water to the fuel. This solution has proved to be beneficial as it reduces the harmful components.
- a typical example of technology which uses the addition of water is represented by the so-called "white gas oil", an emulsion of water (about 10%) in gas oil, produced by the addition of suitable emulsiflers.
- the beneficial effect of water can be attributed to the reduced temperature in the combustion chamber, which lowers the NO x level, and also a better combustion due to the pulverization of gas oil into droplets caused by the explosion of the water drops contained in the emulsion, during the compression phase.
- This technology however, has the disadvantage that said emulsion has a low time stability, in particular with variations in the environmental conditions.
- alcohols having a low molecular weight for example methanol and ethanol
- Otto cycle driven ignition engines
- gas oil engines diesel cycle
- a low cetane number corresponds to a high octane number.
- the present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines, characterized in that said diesel- engines are fed by means of two separate feedings, a first feeding consisting of gas oil and a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and alcohols from C 1 to C 4 .
- Diesel engines which can be used in the procedure of the present invention include, as an example, engines for light road transport (cars), engines for heavy road transport (lorries, buses, tractors) motors for electricity generators.
- the term diesel engine means any kind of diesel cycle engine, preferably turbojet and turbo-diesel engines.
- “Hydro-alcoholic blend” means an aqueous solution Of C 1 - C 4 alcohols, preferably Ci - C 2 , even more preferably C 1 . It is essential, however, for the alcohols to be present in an amount and with a number of carbon atoms such as to assure the formation of a perfectly homogeneous and limpid aqueous solution. Therefore the ratio alcohols C 3 -C 4 / alcohols Ci-C 2 is usually low due to the scarce water solubility of the C 3 -C 4 alcohols.
- the water content of these hydro-alcoholic blends can vary from 5 to 95% by volume. Preferred compositions are within the range of 40 to 60% of water.
- a denaturing agent can be added, completely miscible with the above hydro-alcoholic solutions, said denaturing agent not being easily removable from the hydro-alcoholic solutions and having such characteristics as to avoid the improper use of the above blends.
- said denaturing agents are ethers (for example MTBE, i.e. methyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE 5 i.e. ethyl tert-butyl ether) and higher alcohols, for example C 4 -C 5 alcohols.
- the denaturing agent cannot be a C 4 alcohol.
- the addition of the denaturing agent can be effected within a range of 1 to 6% by volume.
- a suitable dye can be added still within the scope of the invention.
- the present invention requires the separate feeding of gas oil and the hydro-alcoholic blend.
- the volumetric ratio between the hydro-alcoholic blend and the gas oil ranges from 2/98 to 80/20, preferably 5/95 to 75/25. The above ratio mainly depends on the type of engine and regime at which it runs.
- gas oil for road vehicles As far as gas oil for road vehicles is concerned, its characteristics and properties are well-known to experts in the field. We would like to indicate, in particular, a typical evaporation curve of gas oil for road vehicles: at 150°C, 2% by volume evaporates, at 250 0 C, 64.5% by volume, at 350°C, 85% by volume, at 370°C, 95% by volume. Other important characteristics of the gas oil for road vehicles are density at 15°C (from 820 to 845 Kg/m 3 ) and viscosity at 40°C (from 2.00 to 4.5 mm 2 /sec).
- the feeding to the diesel engine can be effected by means of the usual means suitable for this purpose, for example by injectors.
- the only restriction consists of the material of the means which feeds the hydro-alcoholic solution; this in fact must be resistant to water and also to alcohols.
- a typical commercial injector which can be used for the hydro-alcoholic solutions of the present invention is known as Aquamist ® of E.R.L. Ltd.
- the procedure of the present invention in addition to allowing a reduction in the NO x and particulate (PM), also has the advantage of increasing the engine power.
- the reduction in emissions can be mainly ascribed to the presence of water, whose environmental advantages in diesel engines are already described in the known art.
- the increase in power is mainly due to the introduction of alcohols into diesel engines.
- the alcohol acts as a complement to gas oil for the purpose of improving the power yield.
- the procedure of the present invention does not have the drawbacks mentioned above for "white gas oil".
- the procedure of the present invention does not, obviously, have storage problems typical of gas oil/water emulsions, due to its nature.
- the system of the present invention does not require the presence of surface-active agents (necessary for preparing emulsions of white gas oil) which could create problems in gas oil engines.
- the above engine is fed, for comparative purposes, with commercial gas oil only, of the EN 590 Agip Bludiesel type and, according to the present invention, with the same gas oil and with a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend consisting of:
- the test cycle ECE 15 consists in driving the vehicle in a simulated run on a dynamom- etric bench on suitably calibrated rolls in order to consider the inertia and passive resistances according to the Extra-Urban Cycle EUDC. Results of the ECE 15 test
- Tables Ia-Ic show the properties and the compositions of the mixture used in these tests (48.5% methanol, 1.5% iso-butanol, 50% demineralized water) at three different temperatures, i.e. 15°C (minimum operating temperature), 32°C (maximum operating temperature) and 78°C (flash point temperature).
- this mixture is flameproof at 15 0 C and 32 0 C. Furthermore the vaporization of said mixture begins at 78°C.
Abstract
A procedure is described for reducing the emissions of diesel engines, characterized in that said diesel engines are fed by two separate feedings, the first consisting of gas oil and the second of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and alcohols from C1 to C4.
Description
PROCEDURE FOR REDUCING THE EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINES
The present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions, in particular NOx and particulate, of diesel cycle engines.
One of the problems of diesel engines consists in the harmful. emissions, in particular NOx and particulate.
A solution suggested by the prior art consists in the addition of water to the fuel. This solution has proved to be beneficial as it reduces the harmful components. A typical example of technology which uses the addition of water is represented by the so-called "white gas oil", an emulsion of water (about 10%) in gas oil, produced by the addition of suitable emulsiflers. The beneficial effect of water can be attributed to the reduced temperature in the combustion chamber, which lowers the NOx level, and also a better combustion due to the pulverization of gas oil into droplets caused by the explosion of the water drops contained in the emulsion, during the compression phase. This technology, however, has the disadvantage that said emulsion has a low time stability, in particular with variations in the environmental conditions. It is also known in the art that alcohols having a low molecular weight (for example methanol and ethanol), are successfully used, as a result of their high octane number, as octane-improver additives of fuels for driven ignition engines (Otto cycle) and are negative, however, for gas oil engines (diesel cycle) as they have poor self-ignition qualities (low cetane number). A low cetane number corresponds to a high octane number. Their direct use in considerable quantities in a blend with gas oil causes a deterioration in the self-ignition qualities, which leads to non-optimal driving due to the considerable noise, the difficulty of ignition under cool conditions, and the high smoke emission, both at the start-up (white smoke) and under regime conditions (black smoke). The use of low mo-
lecular weight alcohols which can be obtained from renewable sources, on the other hand, allows a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, which represent one of the highest contributions to the green-house effect.
It has now been found, and this represents the object of the present invention, that it is possible to use hydro-alcoholic blends in addition to the hydrocarbon portion, obtaining considerable benefits in the combustion quality and, consequently, in the emission quality, without having the negative effects of the alcohols mentioned above, obtaining, on the contrary, synergetic effects which could not have been envisaged on the basis of the known art.
In accordance with this, the present invention relates to a procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines, characterized in that said diesel- engines are fed by means of two separate feedings, a first feeding consisting of gas oil and a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and alcohols from C1 to C4. Diesel engines which can be used in the procedure of the present invention include, as an example, engines for light road transport (cars), engines for heavy road transport (lorries, buses, tractors) motors for electricity generators. The term diesel engine means any kind of diesel cycle engine, preferably turbojet and turbo-diesel engines. "Hydro-alcoholic blend" means an aqueous solution Of C1 - C4 alcohols, preferably Ci - C2, even more preferably C1. It is essential, however, for the alcohols to be present in an amount and with a number of carbon atoms such as to assure the formation of a perfectly homogeneous and limpid aqueous solution. Therefore the ratio alcohols C3-C4 / alcohols Ci-C2 is usually low due to the scarce water solubility of the C3-C4 alcohols. In the experimental part, tests related to a homogeneous mixture of 50% by volume demineralized water and 50% by volume, of an alcohol blend consisting of 97% by volume of methanol and 3% by volume of iso-butanol are described.
The above alcohols can be obtained from petrochemical productions, or, preferably, from renewable sources.
The water content of these hydro-alcoholic blends can vary from 5 to 95% by volume. Preferred compositions are within the range of 40 to 60% of water. When required by the current regulation for Public Health protection, a denaturing agent can be added, completely miscible with the above hydro-alcoholic solutions, said denaturing agent not being easily removable from the hydro-alcoholic solutions and having such characteristics as to avoid the improper use of the above blends. Non-limiting examples of said denaturing agents are ethers (for example MTBE, i.e. methyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE5 i.e. ethyl tert-butyl ether) and higher alcohols, for example C4-C5 alcohols. Should a C4 alcohol be present in the hydro-alcoholic solution, the denaturing agent cannot be a C4 alcohol. The addition of the denaturing agent can be effected within a range of 1 to 6% by volume. As a further guarantee of the above, a suitable dye can be added still within the scope of the invention.
As specified above, the present invention requires the separate feeding of gas oil and the hydro-alcoholic blend. The volumetric ratio between the hydro-alcoholic blend and the gas oil ranges from 2/98 to 80/20, preferably 5/95 to 75/25. The above ratio mainly depends on the type of engine and regime at which it runs.
As far as gas oil for road vehicles is concerned, its characteristics and properties are well-known to experts in the field. We would like to indicate, in particular, a typical evaporation curve of gas oil for road vehicles: at 150°C, 2% by volume evaporates, at 2500C, 64.5% by volume, at 350°C, 85% by volume, at 370°C, 95% by volume. Other important characteristics of the gas oil for road vehicles are density at 15°C (from 820 to 845 Kg/m3) and viscosity at 40°C (from 2.00 to 4.5 mm2/sec). The feeding to the diesel engine can be effected by means of the usual means suitable
for this purpose, for example by injectors. The only restriction consists of the material of the means which feeds the hydro-alcoholic solution; this in fact must be resistant to water and also to alcohols. A typical commercial injector which can be used for the hydro-alcoholic solutions of the present invention is known as Aquamist® of E.R.L. Ltd. The procedure of the present invention, in addition to allowing a reduction in the NOx and particulate (PM), also has the advantage of increasing the engine power. The reduction in emissions can be mainly ascribed to the presence of water, whose environmental advantages in diesel engines are already described in the known art. The increase in power, on the contrary, is mainly due to the introduction of alcohols into diesel engines. In the procedure of the present invention, the alcohol acts as a complement to gas oil for the purpose of improving the power yield.
These two advantages, the improvement in the emissions and power, cannot be obtained with any other procedure of the known art.
Furthermore, the procedure of the present invention does not have the drawbacks mentioned above for "white gas oil". The procedure of the present invention does not, obviously, have storage problems typical of gas oil/water emulsions, due to its nature. The system of the present invention does not require the presence of surface-active agents (necessary for preparing emulsions of white gas oil) which could create problems in gas oil engines.
These and other advantages will be clearly shown in the experimental part. The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention.
EXAMPLES •
For illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the results of a comparison in bench tests between a commercial Fiat Punto 1.3 MJ engine (see table below) are indicated here-.
under.
Vehicle characteristics
The above engine is fed, for comparative purposes, with commercial gas oil only, of the EN 590 Agip Bludiesel type and, according to the present invention, with the same gas oil and with a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend consisting of:
• 50% by volume : demineralized water;
• 50% by volume blend consisting of 97% by volume of methanol and 3% by volume of iso-butanol.
The tests were carried out following the ECE 15 cycle, at the Experimental Fuel Station of S. Donato Milanese.
The test cycle ECE 15 consists in driving the vehicle in a simulated run on a dynamom- etric bench on suitably calibrated rolls in order to consider the inertia and passive resistances according to the Extra-Urban Cycle EUDC.
Results of the ECE 15 test
The results of the ECE 15 test clearly show the advantages which can be obtained by means of the procedure of the present invention, which includes two different feedings, with respect to a normal feeding with gas oil alone. In particular, it can be seen that the procedure of the present invention allows a more than halved emission of PM into the atmosphere and a considerable reduction in NOx.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the emission/power ratio is considerably reduced with respect to feeding with gas oil alone.
Tables Ia-Ic show the properties and the compositions of the mixture used in these tests (48.5% methanol, 1.5% iso-butanol, 50% demineralized water) at three different temperatures, i.e. 15°C (minimum operating temperature), 32°C (maximum operating temperature) and 78°C (flash point temperature).
It is important to underline that this mixture is flameproof at 150C and 320C. Furthermore the vaporization of said mixture begins at 78°C.
Table Ia (150C) CONDITIONS
Table la (cont) COMPOSITION
Overall Phase Vapour Fraction 0.0000
Table Ib (320C) CONDITIONS
Table Ib (cont.) COMPOSITION
Overall Phase Vapour Fraction 0.0000
Table Ic (780C) CONDITIONS
Table Ic (cont.) COMPOSITION
Overall Phase Vapour Fraction 0.0334
Claims
1. A procedure for reducing diesel engine emissions, characterized in that said die- sel engines are fed by means of two separate feedings, a first feeding consisting of gas oil and a second feeding consisting of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and alcohols from C1 to C4.
2. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the diesel engines are selected from engines for light road vehicles, engines for heavy road vehicles, engines for electricity generators.
3. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the diesel engines comprise turbojet and turbo-diesel engines.
4. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the second feeding consists of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and Ci to C2 alcohols.
5. The procedure according to claim 4, wherein the second feeding consists of a hydro-alcoholic blend comprising water and C1 alcohol.
6. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the, hydro- alcoholic blend ranges from 5 to 95% by volume, preferably from 40 to 60%.
7. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the second feeding consists of 50% vol. demineralised water, 48.5 % vol. methanol and 0.15 % vol. iso-butanol.
8. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the hydro-alcoholic blend also contains a denaturing agent which is completely miscible with said hydro-alcoholic blend.
9. The procedure according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio between gas oil and hydro-alcoholic blend ranges from 2/98 to 80/20, preferably from 5/95 to 75/25.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06780596.0A EP1981954B1 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2006-07-25 | Use for reducing the emissions of diesel engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2006A000188 | 2006-02-03 | ||
ITMI20060188 ITMI20060188A1 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2006-02-03 | PROCEDURE TO REDUCE THE EMISSIONS OF DIESEL MOTORIZATIONS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007088564A1 true WO2007088564A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IT2006/000566 WO2007088564A1 (en) | 2006-02-03 | 2006-07-25 | Procedure for reducing the emissions of diesel engines |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP1981954B1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20060188A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007088564A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012068634A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07253025A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Takashi Yamaguchi | Water and methanol sucking device for diesel engine for automobile |
US20010015030A1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2001-08-23 | Deborah Wenzel | Composition as an additive to create clear stable solutions and microemulsions with a combustible liquid fuel to improve combustion |
GB2384525A (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-30 | William May Stott | Adding water, eg steam, to the charge of a reciprocating piston i.c. engine to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and NOx |
-
2006
- 2006-02-03 IT ITMI20060188 patent/ITMI20060188A1/en unknown
- 2006-07-25 WO PCT/IT2006/000566 patent/WO2007088564A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-25 EP EP06780596.0A patent/EP1981954B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07253025A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-10-03 | Takashi Yamaguchi | Water and methanol sucking device for diesel engine for automobile |
US20010015030A1 (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 2001-08-23 | Deborah Wenzel | Composition as an additive to create clear stable solutions and microemulsions with a combustible liquid fuel to improve combustion |
GB2384525A (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-30 | William May Stott | Adding water, eg steam, to the charge of a reciprocating piston i.c. engine to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and NOx |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; 31 May 1979 (1979-05-31), BERG P S ET AL: "UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT FUELS IN A DIESEL ENGINE WITH TWO SEPARATE INJECTION SYSTEMS", XP002407965, Database accession no. EIX81120008257 * |
DOE (CONF-790520), WASHINGTON, DC, 29 May 1979 (1979-05-29) * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012068634A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
AU2011334614B2 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-08-01 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
EP2643437A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2013-10-02 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
EP2643437A4 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
US9447724B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2016-09-20 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd. | Fuel and process for powering a compression ignition engine |
EP3299442A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2018-03-28 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd | Methanol containing fuel and process for powering a compression ignition engine with this fuel |
US10023818B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2018-07-17 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd. | Process for powering a compression ignition engine and fuel therefor |
US10815441B2 (en) | 2010-11-25 | 2020-10-27 | Gane Energy & Resources Pty Ltd. | Fuel and process for powering a compression ignition engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITMI20060188A1 (en) | 2007-08-04 |
EP1981954B1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
EP1981954A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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