WO2007069959A1 - Procede et agencement pour ameliorer la retransmission dans un systeme de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procede et agencement pour ameliorer la retransmission dans un systeme de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007069959A1
WO2007069959A1 PCT/SE2005/001951 SE2005001951W WO2007069959A1 WO 2007069959 A1 WO2007069959 A1 WO 2007069959A1 SE 2005001951 W SE2005001951 W SE 2005001951W WO 2007069959 A1 WO2007069959 A1 WO 2007069959A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data blocks
user
ranking
retransmissions
fraction
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Application number
PCT/SE2005/001951
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English (en)
Inventor
Henrik Nyberg
Ylva Timner
Peter De Brun
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Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
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Priority to PCT/SE2005/001951 priority Critical patent/WO2007069959A1/fr
Publication of WO2007069959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007069959A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1887—Scheduling and prioritising arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/121—Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0093—Point-to-multipoint
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multimedia broadcast/ multicast services
  • MBMS massive machine type communications
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast/ Multicast
  • the so called Multimedia Broadcast/ Multicast (MBMS) service is an example of a solution on this subject, which provides the possibility to utilize an uplink channel for interactions between the service and its users.
  • MBMS is a unidirectional, point-to-multipoint service in which data is transmitted from a single source to a group of users in a specific area.
  • the service in practice has two modes: broadcast mode and multicast mode.
  • a broadcast service is a unidirectional point-to-multipoint service in which data is transmitted from a single source to multiple terminals, or users in the associated broadcast service area.
  • broadcast services can be called push-type services.
  • a multicast service is a unidirectional point-to-multipoint service in which data is transmitted from a single source to a multicast group in the associated multicast service area. Only users that subscribe to the specific multicast service and have joined the multicast group associated with that service can receive the multicast services. As a difference, a broadcast service can be received without separate indication from the customers.
  • multicast users as well as broadcast users in MBMS need a return channel for the interaction procedures in order to be able to subscribe to the desired services.
  • MBMS is in the process of standardization in the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project).
  • MBMS enables offering a complete set of Multicast and Broadcast services over GSM/ EDGE as well as WCDMA.
  • MBMA is an example of the previously described Broadcast/ Multicast operation (or service) where the same payload data is transmitted to multiple end users in a cellular network.
  • this type of Broadcast/ Multicast operation (service) in cellular networks is referred to as Multicast operation.
  • Multicast operation this type of Broadcast/ Multicast operation (service) in cellular networks.
  • Multicast operation In order to provide nearly error-free data transmissions for Multicast operation, multiple transmissions (or retransmissions) is an efficient means, compared to providing a radio environment with high enough quality to completely avoid retransmissions.
  • retransmissions in MBMS One problem regarding retransmissions in MBMS is that a single data block can generate as many retransmission requests as there are users in the systems. As the number of users increase, the likelihood of retransmission requests increases drastically. Since no separate channel exists for retransmissions, the occurrence of retransmissions limits the bandwidth available for the actual primary transmissions. At one extreme, for a system with a large number of users, this could in a worst case scenario prevent any primary transmissions from being sent.
  • BBR Blind Block Repetition
  • Packet Downlink ACK/ NACK In this mode of operation, re- transmissions are based on requests (ACK/NACK reporting) from up to 16 users in one cell. To meet requirements on guaranteed bit rate, the number of retransmissions must be limited (or controlled), such that sufficient transmission time is spent on sending new data (primary transmissions). A typical requirement is that each RLC block is sent at least once. This requirement, together with the arrival bit rate of new data, specifies the bit rate that must be reserved for "primary transmission" (i.e., first transmission attempts).
  • the primary purpose of re-transmitting data units is to provide an error-free transmission over the radio interface.
  • the amount of retransmission (absolute or relative) must be restricted since retransmissions share the radio link with primary transmissions.
  • some residual errors may be preferred, rather than no errors, since the correctly received data may be obsolete by arrival.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide improved MBMS in a cellular radio network and to keep the quality at an acceptable level for as many users as possible.
  • a further object is to provide retransmission strategies for MBMS.
  • Another object is to provide improved retransmission strategies for MBMS to limit the bandwidth used for retransmissions.
  • Yet another object is to provide selective retransmissions for MBMS.
  • a further object is to provide selective retransmissions based on ACK/ NACK reports from multiple users.
  • the present invention comprises evaluating the reception success of a data block for multiple users, ranking the transmitted data blocks based at least on the evaluation and selectively retransmitting requested data blocks based on the ranking.
  • the evaluation is performed based on received ACK/ NACK reports, i.e., potentially retransmission requests, from the respective users.
  • the ranking can be performed based on the user priority for the set of users, the age of the requested data blocks, or some other quality requirement.
  • the available bandwidth for transmissions (and retransmissions) is divided into one minimum section reserved for primary transmission, and one remaining section for retransmission, thus, ensuring a minimum guaranteed bitrate for the users.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the known sliding window principle
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the effect of various embodiments according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of various embodiments according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of various embodiments according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of various embodiments according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a system according to the invention.
  • the present invention will be described in the context of MBMS in a GSM/ EDGE communication system. However, it is equally applicable to any other packet based communication system utilizing a common channel for transmissions and retransmissions, where retransmission requests are typically sent from each user on dedicated channels in the uplink.
  • MBMS bit stream has the (average) bit rate n, the bit rate available for retransmissions is riacs - n.
  • the proportion (1 - n/rMcs) of the data blocks can be used for retransmissions without starving the primary bit stream.
  • the current MBMS standard does not specify strategies for how to accomplish efficient retransmission strategies.
  • the error probability for each of 10 users is 10%, their combined error probability is 65%, meaning that several retransmissions might be necessary before all 10 users have received the data block correctly.
  • the capacity required for retransmissions may become large in comparison with the capacity required for primary transmissions.
  • the basic approach is therefore to prioritize all or a limited number of primary transmissions, and for the remaining capacity or bandwidth select data blocks for retransmission based on a retransmission priority scheme taking the selection of primary transmissions into account. The selection is generally based on the probability that a retransmission will keep the quality at a high level for as many users as possible.
  • the idea is further to use an approach to regulate retransmission attempts. This can be accomplished by a "leaky bucket" flow control that ensures an average bit rate for primary transmissions but allows for short periods with many retransmissions.
  • retransmission strategies could be based on, but not limited to, quality requirements and current radio conditions such as the ones mentioned below:
  • Radio quality metric example (residual) block error rate (BLER) per user, i.e. expected fraction of RLC blocks not correctly received.
  • BLER block error rate
  • the invention comprises transmitting SO a plurality of data blocks to a plurality of users on a common channel (it is understood, due to the inherent nature of MBMS, that the same data blocks are transmitted to all users), the users respond to the transmission by reporting S 1 successful and unsuccessful reception of each data block to the transmitting node e.g. ACK/NACK reports. Subsequently, the received reports from all users are evaluated S2 together or jointly and the transmitted data blocks are sorted or ranked S3 accordingly. Finally, retransmissions are selectively effected S4 based on the previous ranking.
  • the above mentioned ranking or prioritizing based on the reception success /failure reports can be performed based on some predetermined function or relation.
  • the age of the data blocks can be taken into account, e.g. by discarding old data blocks in favor of new data blocks or vice versa.
  • Another possible parameter is a user priority for each user. The priority could be based on subscriber data, or the time the user has been in the system.
  • an additional step comprises initially allocating a predetermined fraction of the total available bandwidth to primary transmissions and allocating the remaining fraction for retransmissions.
  • TTI basic transmit time intervals
  • RLC block The amount of data sent during a TTI
  • reception reporting e.g. ACK/NACK reporting is performed by each user for each such data block.
  • Each user needs one TTI exclusive uplink channel time to send such a report comprising up to a number M of data blocks.
  • Decisions on new primary transmissions and retransmissions are taken after each period of K block transmissions (primary transmissions and retransmissions). Alternatively, after K time steps.
  • K the period between decisions is long enough, i.e. K equal to or larger than M.
  • K M to keep retransmission delays fairly low.
  • An RLC ACK/ NACK sliding window is used to limit the range of RLC blocks that may be retransmitted.
  • the window spans the most recent data block and a fixed number of data blocks preceding the last block. Any data block within the range of the window and which has been reported as NACK is a candidate form retransmission.
  • the window is slid forward at a pace corresponding to the rate of transmitting new data blocks.
  • the ACK/ NACK report history contained in the current window is used for prioritization decisions.
  • each data block within the range of the current ACK/ NACK window is considered as a candidate for retransmission.
  • decisions on which data block to retransmit are based at least on the ACK/ NACK reports from all users within the current window.
  • the number of retransmissions on the common channel is limited, according to the invention, by in the first place reserving capacity or bandwidth for primary transmissions (so that a guaranteed bit rate is achieved). This means that for each period of K transmissions, a subset is reserved for new data blocks (however, not more than necessary). The capacity or bandwidth that remains is available for selected retransmissions.
  • a basic way of taking block age into account is by using an ACK/ NACK window that limits the number of previous blocks that may be considered for retransmission.
  • the ACK/NACK window is slid in accordance with the number of new data blocks transmitted (primary transmissions) . Old blocks that thereby fall outside the window are discarded with respect to further retransmissions, meaning that retransmissions of these blocks are stopped.
  • each data block in the window is assigned a ranking based on the following factors:
  • Blocks that have not yet been reported by all users may be considered for retransmission if there is spare transmission time after considering blocks with complete reports;
  • the age of the data block (or block number).
  • the ACK/NACK reports from each user indicate to what extent retransmissions of a certain data block is requested, whereas the scores or rankings indicate which users are already close to a good quality and also indicate the radio link quality for each user.
  • the scoring or ranking strategy can, according an embodiment of the present invention, be represented by a predetermined function, hereinafter referred to as a score function, and calculated for each block.
  • the decisions on which blocks to retransmit are made based on ranking blocks with respect to at least the current scores, and how optionally on how many retransmissions that are allowed for the next retransmission period (i.e. number of retransmissions during a period of K transmissions) .
  • score function determines which quality requirements will be best met.
  • three different score functions or strategies will be described below: Basically, the three different embodiments according to the invention can be referred to and summarized as follows:
  • An exemplary first score function is defined as:
  • the second exemplary score function is defined by:
  • P 1 (U)I an estimate of the block error probability (BLEP) for user u.
  • BLEP can, e.g., be estimated by the recursion
  • P 1 (U) Q- p crr (u;M) + (l - ⁇ ) - p ⁇ (u) where p ⁇ (u) is the previous estimate used (initially set to 0), and a is between 0 and 1.
  • the quantity p en .(u;M) N orr (u;M)lM is the fraction of NACKs in the last report of M blocks and N err (M) is the number of errors for the last report.
  • P w ⁇ u) a- p err (u; W) + (1 - ⁇ ) • p' ⁇ (u) where p' ⁇ ( «) is the previous estimate used, and a is between 0 and 1.
  • the quantity p err (u;W) N err ⁇ u;W) I W is the fraction of NACKs for user u in the current window of size W. Note that there may be better functions of the ACK/ NACK history to estimate the residual BLEP.
  • strategy 1 A retransmission strategy that employs e.g. score function 1 will in the following be called strategy 1.
  • Strategies 2 and 3 are defined correspondingly.
  • time is omitted in the score functions, they are (at least inherently) functions of the time since the ACK/ NACK window changes between retransmission decisions.
  • Ranking of all current data blocks in the window is done with respect to the value of the score function and optionally the age of the block.
  • the age of the block it is equally possible to use the age of the block as an integral part of the actual score function. It is purely a mathematical action to include age of a block into the score function.
  • the strategies described can be modified by the way the block age is used when ranking blocks for retransmission. This can be important for certain real-time broadcast transmissions.
  • An additional factor to consider when ranking blocks for retransmission is the time spent in the broadcast session by the user requesting a specific block.
  • the media i.e. data blocks are sent with constant bit rate.
  • Data blocks are numbered in ascending order as they are transmitted the first time. If a block is retransmitted at a later time, it keeps the original number. (Alternatively, it could re-numbered so that it is considered as a more recent block.)
  • ACK/ NACK reporting is scheduled cyclically among n users so that each user is scheduled each Mth transmitted block (alternatively: each M:th time step).
  • the number of reporting users (n) may vary in time but must be less than or equal to M.
  • M equals the current number of users and is changed whenever n changes.
  • Each user reports the M least recent receptions among the received but not yet reported blocks (ACK for a correctly received block, NACK for an incorrectly received block).
  • the transmitting node has a retransmission window of size W.
  • Time is here assumed to be measured in units of number of transmission time intervals (TTIs).
  • Block error rates for the different users are assumed to be uniformly distributed within the given interval, unless otherwise stated. Below referred to as the simplified radio link model.
  • Table 1 The calculations for a simplified system scenario with three users are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the BLER and residual BLER estimates used for strategy 2 and 3 respectively are for simplicity both set to the fraction of NACKs in the present window.
  • the 3 blocks with largest scores (and least block age) are marked for each strategy.
  • the effects of different retransmission strategies, according to the invention, in simulations (with a simplified radio link model) with corresponding calculations are shown in Figure 3 (16 users with different link quality) and Figure 4 (16 users with equal link quality).
  • the simulations comprise 30000 data blocks transmitted (broadcast or multicast) during 48000 TTIs.
  • the primary bitrate is supported if 10 out of 16 TTIs are spent on primary transmissions.
  • One reference strategy is the so called "Retransmission prio" where each data block is retransmitted until all users have received it correctly.
  • the ACK/ NACK window may stall the flow of primary transmissions since the window may not be moved until the block at the back end has been acknowledged by all users.
  • data blocks that are not sent during the simulation are counted as lost and included in the residual BLER statistics.
  • the high residual BLER should in this case be interpreted as a failure to reach the required primary bit rate. E.g., with an average residual BLER of 22%, only 78% of the required primary bit rate has been reached. See also the analysis of Figure 5 and 6 below.
  • the Figures show that the retransmission strategy affects the BLER distribution.
  • strategy 3 the distribution is tilted so that the number of users with very low BLER is increased.
  • Strategy 1 yields least quality dispersion among users.
  • Strategy 3 yields a quality distribution that is between strategy 1 and 3 with respect to dispersion when there is dispersion of link quality to different users (Figure
  • strategy 2 estimates and schedules retransmissions with respect to link quality.
  • Strategy 3 in addition takes into account which users have already received much service (they are prioritized so that they stay satisfied) .
  • the core of the invention is to use specific score functions for ranking, and in particular use a score function that aims at maximizing the fraction of satisfied users. More generally, the score functions correspond to different objectives of broadcast/ multicast retransmissions.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the fraction of satisfied users (i.e. max 1% residual BLER) for different numbers of users and for different strategies.
  • the simulations comprise 10000 blocks offered over a time of 16000 TTIs.
  • the user quality breaks down (for all users) when the load (number of simultaneous users) becomes high enough.
  • Limiting the number of retransmissions maintains the quality for more users.
  • the choice of strategy becomes increasingly important as more users are present.
  • strategy 3 is always best for variable link quality, see
  • strategy 1 yields a higher FSU at a specific number of present users, see Figure 6.
  • strategy 3 generally yields the highest FSU when resources get very scarce.
  • bit rate required for "primary transmissions” can be guaranteed by (explicitly or implicitly) limiting the number of retransmissions. (However, it is not guaranteed that the primary transmissions are correctly received by a large enough fraction of users.)
  • Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a transmitting node 10 configured for broadcasting or multicasting data blocks to n users Ul... Un.
  • the users respond to the transmitted data blocks by sending ACK/ NACK reports ACK/ NACK Ul... ACK/ NACK Un indicating correctly received or incorrectly received data blocks.
  • the system comprises an evaluation unit 11 for jointly evaluating the received ACK/ NACK reports from all users, a ranking unit for ranking or prioritizing among the data blocks based on the received reports.
  • the transmitting node 10 comprises a retransmission unit 13 for retransmitting data blocks based on a resulting ranking from the ranking unit 13.
  • embodiments of the present invention are described as implemented to handle retransmissions to users within one network cell, it is equally possible, with appropriate modifications, to use for retransmissions to users in multiple cells.
  • One possibility could be to perform the method of the invention in multiple cells, one at a time.
  • Another possibility could be to exploit the possibility of macrodiversity by having some functionality which coordinates the ranking of data blocks for different cells, i.e. by identifying data blocks suitable for macrodiversity and coordinating retransmissions of theses blocks in suitable cells (together providing macrodiversity). As an example, if the data block is requested for retransmission from multiple users distributed over a plurality of cells.
  • the invention comprises the following advantages: Enabling more efficient retransmission strategies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de retransmission dans un système de communication sans fil, au cours duquel un noeud d’émission (SO) communique une pluralité de blocs de données vers des noeuds d’utilisateurs multiples sur un canal radio commun, et en réponse à la réception de rapports (Sl) de réception réussie/non réussie desdits blocs de données de chacun des multiples utilisateurs, évalue conjointement (S2) les résultats de réception sur la base des rapports, classe (S3) les blocs de données retransmis sur la base au moins de l’évaluation jointe et, retransmet de façon sélective (S4) les blocs de données aux multiples utilisateurs sur la base au moins du classement pour limiter la bande passante utilisée pour les retransmissions.
PCT/SE2005/001951 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Procede et agencement pour ameliorer la retransmission dans un systeme de communication sans fil WO2007069959A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

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WO2009000101A1 (fr) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-31 Alcatel Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Procédé et système de retransmission de données mbms
EP2198549A1 (fr) * 2007-09-11 2010-06-23 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (PUBL) Ajustement d'indicateur de qualité de canal (cqi) pour des algorithmes de sélection de format de transport arbitraire
WO2010099750A1 (fr) * 2009-03-05 2010-09-10 中国移动通信集团公司 Procédé de transmission d'éléments de fichier de service de diffusion multimédia individuelle/multiple (mbms), système de transmission et serveur de services
CN102047699A (zh) * 2008-05-30 2011-05-04 艾利森电话股份有限公司 点对多点多媒体广播多播服务的上行链路信道
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009000101A1 (fr) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-31 Alcatel Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Procédé et système de retransmission de données mbms
US8224343B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2012-07-17 Alcatel Lucent Method and system for data retransmission in MBMS
KR101364466B1 (ko) 2007-06-22 2014-02-19 알까뗄 루슨트 Ｍｂｍｓ 데이터 재전송 방법 및 시스템
EP2198549A1 (fr) * 2007-09-11 2010-06-23 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (PUBL) Ajustement d'indicateur de qualité de canal (cqi) pour des algorithmes de sélection de format de transport arbitraire
EP2198549A4 (fr) * 2007-09-11 2014-04-23 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Ajustement d'indicateur de qualité de canal (cqi) pour des algorithmes de sélection de format de transport arbitraire
US8848550B2 (en) 2007-09-11 2014-09-30 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) CQI adjustment for arbitrary transport format selection algorithms
CN102047699A (zh) * 2008-05-30 2011-05-04 艾利森电话股份有限公司 点对多点多媒体广播多播服务的上行链路信道
CN102047699B (zh) * 2008-05-30 2015-05-13 艾利森电话股份有限公司 点对多点多媒体广播多播服务的上行链路信道
US8473800B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2013-06-25 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for ACK/NACK reporting
US8769366B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2014-07-01 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and apparatus for ACK/NACK reporting
WO2010099750A1 (fr) * 2009-03-05 2010-09-10 中国移动通信集团公司 Procédé de transmission d'éléments de fichier de service de diffusion multimédia individuelle/multiple (mbms), système de transmission et serveur de services

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