Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
  • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
  • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
  • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
  • H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
  • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
  • H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
  • H04N19/16—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter for a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
  • H04N19/33—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability in the spatial domain
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
  • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
  • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
  • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for generating, for pictures of a high resolution progressive sequence, at least one motion predictor and, where appropriate, at least one texture predictor from motion data and, where appropriate, texture data associated with pictures of a low resolution interlaced sequence.
• Scalability represents the ability to stagger information to make it decodable at multiple resolution and/or quality levels. More specifically, a data stream generated by this type of encoding method is divided into several layers, in particular a basic layer and one or more enhancement layers. These methods are used in particular to adapt a single data stream to variable transport conditions (bandwidth, error ratios, etc.), and to the expectations of the customers and the varying capabilities of their receivers (CPU, specifications of the display device, etc.).
• the part of the data stream corresponding to low resolution pictures of the sequence can be decoded independently of the part of the data stream corresponding to the high resolution pictures.
• the part of the data stream corresponding to high resolution pictures of the sequence can be decoded only from the part of the data stream corresponding to the low resolution pictures.
• Hierarchical encoding with spatial scalability makes it possible to encode a first data part called basic layer, relative to the low resolution pictures and, from this basic layer, a second data part called enhancement layer, relative to the high resolution pictures.
• each macroblock of the high resolution picture is temporally predicted according to a conventional prediction mode (for example, bidirectional prediction mode, direct prediction mode, early prediction mode, etc.) or indeed is predicted according to an inter-layer prediction mode.
• motion data for example, a partitioning of the macroblock into blocks, possibly motion vectors and reference picture indices
• texture data associated with a block of pixels of the high resolution picture is deduced or inherited from the motion data, respectively texture data, associated with blocks of pixels of a low resolution picture.
• the known methods do not allow such predictors to be generated in the case where the low resolution sequence is interlaced and the high resolution sequence is progressive.
• the invention relates in particular to a method for generating for at least one block of pixels of a picture of a sequence of high resolution progressive pictures, called high resolution sequence, at least one motion predictor from motion data associated with the pictures of a sequence of low resolution interlaced pictures, called low resolution sequence, of the same temporal frequency as the high resolution sequence.
• Each interlaced picture comprises a top field interlaced with a bottom field and that can be coded in field mode or in frame mode.
• Each progressive picture and each field of an interlaced picture has associated with it a temporal reference.
• At least one motion predictor is generated for a block of pixels of the high resolution picture on the basis of the motion data associated with at least one block of pixels of the top or bottom field of a low resolution picture of the same temporal reference as the high resolution picture if the low resolution picture is coded in field mode. If the high resolution picture is of the same temporal reference as the top field of a low resolution picture and if the low resolution picture is coded in frame mode, a motion predictor is generated for a block of pixels of the high resolution picture on the basis of the motion data associated with at least one block of pixels of the low resolution picture. Otherwise no motion predictor is generated.
• a motion predictor is generated by sub-sampling the said motion data associated with at least one block of pixels of the top or bottom field of the low resolution picture of the same temporal reference as the high resolution picture with a horizontal inter-layer ratio in the horizontal direction of the picture and a first vertical inter-layer ratio in the vertical direction of the picture.
• a motion predictor is generated by subsampling the said motion data associated with at least one block of pixels of the low resolution picture with the horizontal inter-layer ratio in the horizontal direction of the picture and a second vertical inter-layer ratio in the vertical direction of the picture.
• a texture predictor is generated for a block of pixels of the high resolution picture on the basis of the texture data associated with at least one block of pixels of the top or bottom field of a low resolution picture of the same temporal reference as the high resolution picture.
• the texture predictor is generated by subsampling the said texture data associated with at least one block of pixels of the top or bottom field of the low resolution picture of the same temporal reference as the high resolution picture with the horizontal inter-layer ratio in the horizontal direction of the picture and the first vertical inter-layer ratio in the vertical direction of the picture.
• the horizontal inter-layer ratio is equal to the width of the high resolution pictures divided by the width of the fields of the low resolution pictures
• the first vertical inter-layer ratio is equal to the height of the high resolution pictures divided by the height of the fields of the low resolution pictures
• the second vertical inter-layer ratio is equal to the height of the high resolution pictures divided by the height of the low resolution pictures.
• the motion data associated with the low resolution pictures comprises motion vectors and the motion vectors associated with a low resolution picture that are coded in frame mode or with each of the top and bottom fields of a low resolution picture coded in field mode have the same parity.
• the method is used by a method of encoding high resolution pictures from low resolution pictures.
• the low resolution pictures are encoded according to the MPEG-4 AVC standard.
• the method is used by a method of decoding high resolution pictures from low resolution pictures.
• FIG. 1 represents an interlaced sequence of low resolution pictures and a progressive sequence of high resolution pictures with the same temporal frequency
• - figure 2 illustrates the method of generating texture predictors according to the invention in the case where the sequence of low resolution pictures is interlaced and the sequence of high resolution pictures is progressive
• - figure 3 illustrates the method of generating motion predictors according to the invention in the case where the sequence of low resolution pictures is interlaced and the sequence of high resolution pictures is progressive;
• FIG. 5 illustrates the sub-sampling by a factor of 2 in the horizontal direction of the picture of two macroblocks MB1 and
• the invention relates to an inter-layer prediction method which consists in generating motion predictors and, where appropriate, texture predictors for pictures of a sequence of high resolution progressive pictures, called high resolution sequence, from pictures of a sequence of low resolution interlaced pictures, called low resolution sequence.
• the sequences are divided into groups of pictures (GOP).
• Each low resolution picture comprises a top field interlaced with a bottom field.
• an interlaced picture of index k is made up of a top field referenced kT and a bottom field referenced kB and a progressive picture is referenced by its index k.
• a temporal reference is associated with each picture of the high resolution sequence and with each field of the low resolution sequence.
• the low resolution pictures also referenced LR pictures, have a width w (w representing a number of pixels or columns) and a height of 2h (2h representing a number of pixels or lines and means 2 multiplied by h).
• Each field of a low resolution interlaced picture has a width w and a height h.
• the high resolution pictures, also referenced HR pictures have a width W (W representing a number of pixels or columns) and a height of 2H (2H representing a number of pixels or lines and meaning 2 multiplied by H).
• the interlaced pictures can be encoded either in field picture mode, i.e.
• each field is encoded as a separate picture, or even in frame picture mode, i.e. the two fields are encoded together.
• the lines of a picture are numbered from 0 and therefore the first line is an even line and the second line (numbered 1 ) is an odd line.
• the invention therefore consists in generating, for pictures of the high resolution sequence or for at least one block of pixels of the latter, at least one motion predictor and, where appropriate, at least one texture predictor.
• a texture predictor associated with a high resolution picture or with at least one block of pixels of a high resolution picture is a picture or a prediction block which associates with each of its pixels texture data (for example, a luminance value and, where appropriate, chrominance values), which is generated from texture data associated with at least one picture (or field) or at least one block of pixels of a low resolution picture (or at least one block of pixels of a field) according to a method of sub-sampling the texture such as the ESS method applied to the texture (ESS standing for Extended Spatial Scalability) which is described in sections S.8.3.6.4 and S.8.5.14.2 of document ISO/IEC MPEG & ITU-T VCEG, entitled "Joint Scalable Video Model JSVM3 Annex-S", referenced JVT-P202, J.Rei
• a motion predictor associated with a high resolution picture or with at least one block of pixels of a high resolution picture is defined as a prediction picture or a prediction block with which is associated motion data (for example, a type of partitioning, possibly reference picture indices making it possible to identify the reference pictures to which the motion vectors point).
• the motion predictor is generated from motion data associated with at least one picture (or field) or at least one block of pixels of a low resolution picture (or at least one block of pixels of a field) according to a motion sub-sampling method such as the ESS method applied to the motion which is described in section S.8.4.1.6.3 of JSVM3, or such as the modified ESS method, described below, derived from the ESS method applied to the motion.
• the modified ESS method, referenced MESS in figure 3 makes it possible in particular to process high and/or low resolution interlaced sequences. More specifically, it makes it possible to deal with the case where the height or the width of the high resolution picture is less than that of the low resolution picture.
• the motion predictors include invalid motion vectors, i.e. vectors that point to unavailable reference pictures, when the prediction method according to the invention is used by a hierarchical encoding or decoding method.
• an intermediate motion predictor is generated by sub-sampling by 2 the motion data associated with the low resolution picture, more particularly, the motion data associated with each of the macroblocks of the low resolution picture, in the vertical direction of the picture, in the horizontal direction of the picture or in both directions.
• the method of sub-sampling by 2 is repeated in the vertical direction of the picture as long as the height of said intermediate predictor is greater than the height of the high resolution picture and it is repeated in the horizontal direction of the picture as long as the width of said intermediate predictor is greater than the width of the high resolution picture.
• the sub-sampling consists in particular in dividing by two the coordinates of the motion vectors associated with the blocks of pixels.
• a macroblock MB of the intermediate motion predictor is generated.
• the size of the blocks of pixels in a macroblock is indicated above said macroblock.
• the macroblock MB1 is not divided
• the macroblock MB2 is divided into two blocks measuring 8 by 16 pixels (denoted 8x16) and the macroblock MB generated from these two macroblocks is divided into four 8x8 blocks, two of which are divided into 4x8 blocks.
• the indices of reference pictures are made uniform between the blocks of 8 by 8 pixel size within a macroblock MB, and isolated intra-type blocks within a macroblock MB are deleted in the same way as in the ESS inter-layer prediction method applied to the motion and described in JSVM3.
• the motion predictor associated with the high resolution picture is generated from the last intermediate motion predictor generated in this way, by applying the ESS method (section S.8.4.1.6.3 of JSVM3) with an
• Ih 1 the height of the last intermediate motion predictor generated.
• the motion vector inheritance method is modified so as not to generate invalid motion vectors, i.e. vectors that point to fields or frame pictures that are not available in the temporal breakdown process. In this case, if all the motion vectors associated with a prediction macroblock MB_pred are invalid then the inter-layer motion prediction is not authorized for this macroblock. Otherwise, (i.e. if at least one of the vectors is valid), the ESS prediction method applied to the motion is used.
• the method according to the invention is described for a picture but can be applied to a part of a picture and in particular to a block of pixels, for example a macroblock. It makes it possible for example to handle the case of a low resolution interlaced sequence in the SD format, i.e. of dimension 720 by 288 pixels, 60 Hz and of a high resolution progressive sequence in the 72Op format, i.e. 1280 by 720 pixels, 60 Hz or else the case of a low resolution interlaced sequence in the 108Oi format, i.e. of dimension 1920 by 540 pixels, 60 Hz and of a high resolution progressive sequence in the 108Op format, i.e. 1920 by 1080 pixels, 60 Hz.
• Texture predictors associated with high resolution pictures of index 2k and 2k+1 in figure 1 are generated in the following manner as illustrated by figure 2: • A frame texture predictor of dimension W by 2H associated with the high resolution picture of index 2k is generated 20 on the basis of the texture data of the top field of the low resolution picture of index
• a frame texture predictor of dimension W by 2 ⁇ associated with the high resolution picture of index 2k+1 is generated 21 on the basis of the texture data of the bottom field of the low resolution picture of
• motion predictors associated with the high resolution pictures of index 2k and 2k+1 in figure 1 are generated in the following manner as illustrated by figure 3: • A frame motion predictor of dimension W by 2 ⁇ associated with the high resolution picture of index 2k is generated 31 on the basis of the motion data of the top field of the low resolution picture of index k by applying the modified ESS method with an inter-layer ratio of w 2H
• a frame motion predictor of dimension W by 2 ⁇ associated with a high resolution picture of index 2k+1 is generated 32 on the basis of the motion data of the bottom field of the low resolution picture of index k by applying the modified ESS method with an inter-layer w 2H ratio of — in the horizontal direction of the picture and — in the w h vertical direction of the picture.
• all motion predictors may be generated in order to select the most appropriate one according to a given criteria, e.g. a rate distorsion criteria. If said method is used by a decoding method then a single motion predictor (respectively a single texture predictor) is generated, the type of predictor being specified in the bitstream.
• the invention is not limited to the abovementioned exemplary embodiments.
• those skilled in the art can apply any variant to the embodiments described and combine them to benefit from their different advantages.
• the method according to the invention can be applied to a part of the high resolution picture.
• the invention has been described in the case where the top field of an interlaced picture is displayed first ("top field first" case) and can be extended directly to the case where the bottom field is displayed first ("bottom field first” case) by reversing the top and bottom fields.
• the invention can also be extended to the case of several high resolution sequences (i.e. several enhancement layers).
• the invention is advantageously used by a method of encoding or decoding a sequence of pictures or video.
• the sequence of low resolution pictures is encoded according to the MPEG4 AVC encoding standard defined in document ISO/IEC 14496- 10 ("Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 10: Advanced Video Coding").

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• 2005
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