WO2007062229A1 - Torque-angle instrument - Google Patents
Torque-angle instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007062229A1 WO2007062229A1 PCT/US2006/045449 US2006045449W WO2007062229A1 WO 2007062229 A1 WO2007062229 A1 WO 2007062229A1 US 2006045449 W US2006045449 W US 2006045449W WO 2007062229 A1 WO2007062229 A1 WO 2007062229A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- torque
- angle
- measure
- signal
- instrument
- Prior art date
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008672 reprogramming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/142—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
- B25B23/1422—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
- B25B23/1425—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means
Definitions
- This application relates to wrenching tools and, specifically, to torque-angle measuring and recording wrenches.
- the object of a wrenching tool is to rotate or hold against rotation an item, such as a threaded fastener (e.g. a bolt) joining two objects together. As the fastener is tightened it is stretched until it exerts the appropriate amount of compression force
- bolt load to the objects being held together or in place by the bolt.
- torque measurement is a poor method of determining 'bolt load,' because variations in frictional components vary the 'bolt load' achieved for a given torque applied.
- Torque is considerably influenced by friction forces, the condition of the head, the amount, if any, of lubrication, as well as by other factors.
- the reliability of a torque measurement as an indication of desired load is, therefore, significantly variable.
- the solution is to rotate the bolt a specified number of degrees. This removes the friction-based error factor. Accordingly, a torque-angle fastener installation process, rather than torque measurement alone, is recommended in situations where tightening to recommended specifications is critical.
- a fastener In a torque-angle fastener installation, a fastener is first tightened to a desired torque using a torque wrench; then the fastener is rotated through a predetermined additional angle of rotation. Because angle-based torquing is a more accurate way to ensure even tightening, more and more manufacturers are using the torque-angle procedure for tightening fasteners.
- torque-angle installation is that like fasteners exert the same clamp forces without deviation from one fastener to the next due to variable conditions of lubrication, surface finish and the like previously mentioned.
- the present instrument in its various embodiments provides a solution to these and other problems in the relevant field.
- a torque-angle instrument such as a wrench, including a method of operation, for measuring applied torque and applied angle to a work-piece which avoids the disadvantages of prior devices while affording additional structural and operating advantages.
- the invention includes the steps of providing a wrench having a gripping section, a drive head, and internal circuitry coupled to the drive head, wherein the circuitry comprises a microprocessor having stored programming, input means, output means, and a power supply for powering the microprocessor, the input means and the output means, and then engaging the drive head of the wrench to a workpiece.
- the method then further comprise the steps of applying torque to the workpiece around the drive head, operating the input means to create a first signal related to the torque and angle being applied to the workpiece, receiving the first signal into the microprocessor from the input means, interpreting the signal by the stored programming, sending the interpreted signal to the output means, and then displaying the interpreted signal as an accurate torque measure and/or angle measure from the output means.
- the device comprises a generally tubular body including a gripping section and a pivoting head for engaging a workpiece, such as a nut or bolt, and a housing associated with the body and containing electronics, including a microprocessor, which permit individual or simultaneous measurement of torque and angle applied to the workpiece.
- the electronic torque-angle instrument includes a microprocessor having stored programs for controlling the operation of the device.
- the device also includes input means, such as a gyroscopic sensor for measuring a rate of rotation around the pivoting head.
- stored programs providing at least one of the features selected from the group consisting of bending beam deflection compensation; simultaneous torque and angle measurement; preset scroll stop at full-scale torque only; scroll through (past) angle mode without waiting for sensor initialization; angle mode torque units from last changed units; ignoring angle measure in reverse direction; sensor output offset monitoring; alternating display of peak torque and angle values; use of pre-torque direction to select allowable angle sensing direction; use of integer math to yield accuracy comparable to floating-point math; motion indicator at angle sensor initialization; temperature drift compensation; direct connection of the torque and angle sensors to the microprocessors; angle zero set function; signal level monitoring for over-speed indication; and sample data interrupt technique used to convert instantaneous angular velocity signal to filtered angle position.
- FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating one possible embodiment for the instrument of the present invention
- FIG. IA is a close-up view of the user interface section of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating another possible embodiment for the instrument of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating an embodiment of the electronics of the present instrument
- FIG. 4 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Angle CaI,” showing the available paths for the program to leave the angle calibration state;
- FIG. 5 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Error,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the error state
- FIG. 6 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Setup,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the setup state;
- FIG. 7 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Sleep,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the sleep state
- FIG. 8 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE TA Measure,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the torque and angle (TA) measure state;
- FIG. 9 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Torque CaI,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the torque calibration state;
- FIG. 10 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Torque Measure,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the torque measure state;
- FIG. 11 is a level (1) operation flowchart, labeled "OP MODE Wake Up,” showing the paths available for the program to leave the wake up state;
- FIG. 12 is a level (2) operation flowchart showing the different states within the Torque and Angle Measure Mode
- FIG. 13 is a level (2) operation flowchart showing the different states within the Torque Measure Mode
- FIG. 14 is a level (3) operation flowchart showing the logic within the TRACK state of the Torque and Angle Measure Mode of FIG. 12;
- FIG. 15 is a level (3) operation flowchart showing the logic within the TRACK state of the Torque Measure Mode of FIG. 13.
- the present instrument is an electronic torque wrench with the addition of a gyroscopic sensor for measuring the rate of rotation of the wrench around the drive- head.
- a circuit board containing the sensor may be fit into a similar pre-existing wrench housing, such as, for example, that of the TECH WRENCHTM manufactured and sold by the assignee of the present application, Snap-on Incorporated of Wisconsin.
- the present instrument incorporates a number of software-based innovations to produce an easy to use and accurate wrench, capable of measuring both applied torque and applied angle simultaneously.
- innovations include:
- FIGS. 1, IA and 2 a few possible embodiments of the torque- angle instrument are shown.
- an electronic torque-angle instrument generally designated by the numeral 10.
- the instrument 10 is defined by an elongated housing 11, including a tubular gripping portion 12 at one end, made of steel, aluminum, or other suitable rigid material, a forward extending portion 13 containing a wrench head 14 pivotally supported at the working end of housing 11 , and an electronic housing unit 15 which contains the electronics and display components to be described below.
- Wrench head 14 is shaped to slidably engage a socket (not shown) which is to be used to tighten the head of a bolt or a nut.
- the present invention is easily adaptable to operate with most any similar wrench or instrument regardless of most operation parameters, such as torque capacity, and many physical dimensions, such as length, weight, etc.
- the electronic housing unit 15 is shown provided on the outside thereof with a display window 16, but may comprise instead light emitting diodes or other type of character indicating display, adapted to respond to the signals presented thereto by the underlying display circuitry to be discussed below. Also included on the instrument 10 are selection keys or buttons 17, each performing a unique function in cooperation with the electronic circuit and display components in electronic housing unit 15. B. Circuitry
- the circuitry can be split into four major functions. These are: ⁇ Microprocessor (the logic and control center, plus support hardware);
- the microprocessor circuitry receives the torque and angle (gyroscope) sensor outputs, along with the keypad and battery voltage monitor outputs. These are interpreted by the software program, yielding accurate torque and/or angular rotation information, which is sent to the LCD for display.
- the microprocessor also controls audio (buzzer) and tactile (vibrating motor) alerts.
- the preferred microprocessor U2 is a Texas Instruments MSP430F427 Microcontroller.
- Capacitors C3 and C4 filter noise from the power supply traces as they connect to the DVCC and AVCC (digital and analog supply voltage) inputs, respectively.
- Crystal Xl operating at 32.768kHz, provides the clock signal for U2.
- Capacitor C9 filters noise from U2 pin 10 (VREF), which is not used.
- Resistor Rl and Capacitor C6 form an RC network. When connected to U2 pin 58 (RST), they assure that when the AA batteries are replaced, U2 is not allowed to function until the supply voltage has stabilized. Diode Dl allows the voltage at pin 58 to fall immediately upon battery removal, thus protecting U2 from damage.
- Resistors R8, R9 and Rl 3 establish the multiple analog voltages for the LCD display.
- the power supply provides regulated power to the microprocessors, the sensors, the buzzer and the vibrating motor.
- Connector J2 connects the battery holder, containing preferably three AA batteries, to the circuit board.
- Capacitors C 15 and C 16 filter noise that may be picked up by the battery holder leads before it reaches the voltage regulators.
- Voltage Regulators U4-U6 are preferably Micrel MIC5235-3.0YM5 regulators with enable inputs. Capacitors C17-C20 and C21-C22 quench oscillations and noise from the regulators to which they are attached.
- Regulator U4 supplies power to the micro U2, and is always active, as the enable pin (U4 pin 3) is tied to the battery (+).
- Regulator U5 supplies power to the torque sensor SGl, and is only active when the micro is active, and sends a HI output to the enable pin (U5 pin 3), thus saving battery life when not in use.
- Regulator U6 supplies power to the vibrating motor through connector J3, and is only active when U2 pin 53 sends a HI output to U6 pin 3.
- the inputs provide the signals that the microprocessor interprets, so that it can determine what work the wrench is imparting on the effected fastener.
- Torque Sensor SGl is a four-element full-bridge strain gage attached to a bending beam. Two elements are active (measuring tension and compression), while the other two provide temperature compensation. When voltage is supplied to point (1) on SGl from U5 pin 5, the sensor acts as a wheatstone bridge. When no torque is applied to the bending beam, all four elements have equal resistance, therefore the voltage at points 2 and 4 are equal, at [+3 V-A] 12. However, if torque is applied, the active elements change resistance (one element increases while the other decreases, depending on the direction of the torque applied), and the bridge becomes unbalanced, creating a voltage differential between points 2 and 4 on SGl . The value of the differential voltage is linearly representative of the torque being applied to the bending beam.
- Torque Sensor SGl is connected to the PCB at the Edge Tab Connector. It receives power through its connection to the regulator U5 (pin 3). The differential outputs (points 2 and 4) are fed to the micro U2 pins 4 and 5. Capacitor Cl filters noise that might be picked up at SGl, while Capacitor C2 filters noise from the power supply trace.
- Gyro Sensor Ul is preferably a Murata ENC-03M Piezoelectric Gyroscopic Sensor. Its output (pin 4) varies in relation to its rate of rotation in one sensitive axis, while the reference (pin 1) is static at the approximate value of the output at 0°/sec. rotation. Sensor Ul is connected to the main PCB at slot H2. Supply voltage is fed to Ul pin 3 directly from the micro (U2 pin 46), thus powering the sensor Ul only as necessary to save battery life. The output (Ul pin 4) is fed to the micro U2 pin 6, while the reference (Ul pin 1) is fed to the micro U2 pin 7. Capacitor C5 filters noise that might be picked up at Ul. Capacitors C7 and C8 provide improved noise performance out of the sensor Ul.
- the keypad serves as the user interface with the tool. It allows the user to change preset values and engineering units, store and print data, etc.
- the keypad consists of contact pads on the PCB, plus rubberized overlays containing either four or six conductive-backed buttons. The contact pads feed directly to the micro at pins 47-52. Resistors R2-R7 serve as pull-up resistors.
- the battery monitor circuit is a switched voltage divider that is used to measure the voltage of the AA batteries.
- Resistors Rl 2 and Rl 4 served as the voltage divider. The junction of these provides a voltage that is a fraction of the battery voltage, which is within the range of the micro input (U2 pin 2).
- Transistor Q2 serves as an inverter, converting the active-HI output from the micro (pin 44) to an active-LO signal that is fed to Transistor Ql.
- Transistor Ql connects the voltage divider to the battery, only as necessary to take battery voltage readings, thus saving battery life. 4.
- the outputs provide information to the user for appropriately operating the wrench.
- the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module Ll provides alphanumeric information regarding the operating modes, preset value, measurement results, etc. of the wrench. It is connected to the micro (JJT) through conductive strips that connect to U2 pins 12-24 and 36-39.
- the Vibrating motor creates a tactile alert for the user, that torque should be released on the wrench.
- This motor is connected to the PCB though connector J3 to the output of Regulator U6 (pins 5 and 2) and is enabled by a logic HI at U6 pin 3.
- the Buzzer BZl provides an audio alert to the user, indicating preset coincidence or warning of over-torque conditions. Buzzer BZl is connected to Transistor Q3, which serves as a driver.
- a square- wave signal from the micro U2 (pin 45) is fed through current limiting resister Rl 6, it causes Q3 to switch ON and OFF, driving BZl at its fundamental (resonant) frequency.
- Resister R17 properly biases Q3, while Diode D2 quenches any voltage spikes that might be generated by BZl when Q3 switches open.
- the J-TAG Interference HlA provides a means for reprogramming the microprocessor without removing it from the PCB.
- Port HlA is connected to the micro U2 at pin 9 and pins 54-58.
- HlA is connected to a suitable computer through an MSP430 Flash Emulation Tool (Texas Instruments P/N MSP-FETP4301F 1.1 or similar), a new programming code can be set into the memory of micro U2.
- the outputs also include an RS-232 data output to support the optional memory functions of the wrench.
- the circuitry for this function is not described in detail, as it is common architecture and not related to the invention.
- the software runs a variety of state , machines. They are described below.
- the OP_MODE state machine defines how the wrench should behave.
- the wrench should be sleeping. If the OP MODE is TORQUE_MEASURE, the wrench should be measuring torque.
- Each OP MODE state has its own state machine.
- OP MODE TORQUE_MEASURE has many states. It can show and update a preset value, it can show how much torque is currently being measured, and it can display the maximum torque reading.
- Each state within each OP MODE state has a variety of logic operations that can define what to display, check if an error has occurred, or change hardware parameters (e.g. sound the horn or turn on the vibrating motor).
- FIG. 4 illustrates seven available paths for the program to leave the "calibrate angle” state.
- the user may enter the "measure torque” state (two paths), the “measure torque & angle” state (two paths), the “sleep” state (one path), and the “error” state (four paths) along the noted paths by the listed functions.
- the two available paths include pressing the power button — path labeled "Power PB Press (TU)” — or a successful calibration — path labeled "Successful, NTA (TU)”.
- FIG. 5 illustrates four paths available for the program to leave the "error” state.
- the program includes a single path to enter the "measure torque” state and the "measure torque & angle” state, and two available paths to enter the "sleep” state.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the seven paths available for the program to leave the "setup” state.
- the program may enter the "measure torque” state (three paths), the "measure torque & angle” state (two paths), and a single path to enter both the "sleep” state and the
- FIG. 7 illustrates a single path available into the “wake up” state for the program to leave the “sleep” state, accomplished by pressing the power button.
- the program may leave the "measure torque & angle” operation state along nine paths, as shown in FIG. 8. Only the “setup” state and “wake up” state are unavailable from this state. From the “calibrate torque” state, as shown in FIG. 9, seven paths are available for the program to leave, including the "measure torque” state (two paths), the “measure torque & angle” state (two paths), the “sleep” state (single path), and the “error” state (two paths). Similar to the "measure torque & angle” state of FIG. 8, the "measure torque” state may be left to all but the "setup” state and the "wake up” state along its eight available paths shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 11 illustrates the five paths available for the program to leave the "wake up” state.
- the program may enter the "setup” state (two paths), and the "measure torque” state, the “measure torque & angle” state, and the “sleep” state along a single path each.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the steps of operation through the different modes (e.g., Zero lnitjvlode, Zero_Angle_Mode, Track_Mode, Preset_Init_Mode, etc.) within the "Measure Torque & Angle" state of FIG. 8, while FIG.
- FIG. 14 illustrates the logic steps of the software within the "TRACK” state of the "Measure Torque & Angle” mode shown in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 15 shows the logic steps of the software within the "TRACK” state of the “Torque Measure” mode of FIG. 13.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2630389A CA2630389C (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2006-11-27 | Torque-angle instrument |
AU2006318399A AU2006318399B2 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2006-11-27 | Torque-angle instrument |
GB0809283A GB2447161B (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2006-11-27 | Torque-angle instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US74008505P | 2005-11-28 | 2005-11-28 | |
US60/740,085 | 2005-11-28 | ||
US11/603,540 | 2006-11-22 | ||
US11/603,540 US7565844B2 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2006-11-22 | Torque-angle instrument |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007062229A1 true WO2007062229A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
Family
ID=37898356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/045449 WO2007062229A1 (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2006-11-27 | Torque-angle instrument |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7565844B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006318399B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2630389C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2447161B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007062229A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2630389C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
GB0809283D0 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
AU2006318399A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
GB2447161A (en) | 2008-09-03 |
AU2006318399B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
GB2447161B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
US7565844B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
US20070144270A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
CA2630389A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
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