WO2007059712A1

WO2007059712A1 - A motor rotation detection structure and a detection method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2007059712A1
Application number: PCT/CN2006/003188
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhihang Li; Jianjun Yu
Original assignee: Guangdong Zhaoqing L & V Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2005-11-25
Filing date: 2006-11-27
Publication date: 2007-05-31
Also published as: CN1794546A; CN100405712C

Abstract

The motor rotation detection structure of the invention includes a rectification rotation appliance, an anode brush and a cathode brush. The rectification rotation appliance is divided into two sections along the direction of the motor shaft. One section is a power supply connection section, which contacts the anode brush and the cathode brush. The other section is a potential detection section, which is arranged with insulation layers in regular internal along the peripheral direction. A potential detection element is arranged corresponding to the potential detection section. The potential detection element is connected to the rectification rotation appliance by sliding contact. The motor rotation detection method of the invention includes the following steps: connecting the anode brush and the cathode brush to the voltage output terminal of the motor circuit, connecting the potential detection element to the signal input terminal of a filter circuit, connecting the signal output terminal of the filter circuit to an outside signal display device, the potential detection element periodically detecting the zero potential and the high potential when the motor is rotating so as to form regular square waves, and detecting the rotation states of the motor by use of the output square waves.

Description

Rotary detecting structure of motor and detecting method thereof

The present invention relates to an electric motor, and more particularly to a rotation detecting structure of a motor and a detecting method thereof. Background technique

At present, for the rotation detection of the motor, a HALL effect sensor (Hall effect sensor) is usually connected to the motor circuit, and then the collected signal is output to the HALL circuit through a ring magnet or other electronic components, and the output thereof is effective. The waveform is used to observe the operation of the motor. However, this detection technology has the following drawbacks:

(1) The HALL effect sensor has high cost and high configuration requirements. It must use a special and complicated HALL circuit, ring magnet or other electronic output component. The HALL sensor circuit also increases the difficulty of electromagnetic compatibility design.

(2) From signal sampling to signal output, it takes a lot of intermediate links, resulting in numerous failures. The reliability of the circuit components themselves and the connection will affect the signal output. For example, the demagnetization of the ring magnet or the damage of any electronic component in the HALL circuit may result in the HALL solution not outputting the correct waveform, and the reliability of the detection is low.

(3) The HALL sensor circuit and its accessories will increase the size of the product.

(4) HALL components and ring magnets have certain requirements for the use environment. The service life of the HALL detector is limited by the service life of components such as HALL components and ring magnets. Summary of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a rotation detecting structure of a motor which has a simple structure, a low cost, a long service life, and can reliably and reliably reflect the rotation of the motor. The present invention also provides a detection method using the detection structure.

The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a rotation detecting structure of an electric motor, comprising a rectifying rotating device and positive and negative electric brushes; the rectifying rotating device is divided into upper and lower two sections along a motor shaft direction, wherein one section is a power connecting section, and the positive and negative poles are The other part is a potential detecting section, and an insulating layer is disposed along the circumferential interval, and a potential detecting member is disposed on a corresponding section of the motor base; and the potential detecting section of the potential detecting component and the rectifying rotating device There is electrical contact between them. The invention can be improved as follows: the rectifying rotating device can be a commutator or a commutator, wherein the insulating layers of the commutating segments on the potential detecting section are regularly spaced apart in the circumferential direction, that is, each An insulating layer is provided at intervals of one pole, or two poles, or a plurality of poles, and the conductive layer formed by the insulating sheet and the non-insulating commutating sheet alternates with zero potential and high potential detecting points, that is, the insulating layer and the conductive layer alternate Arranged at intervals; the position of the brush is relatively fixed with the position of the potential detecting member, and the potential of the high potential detecting point is relatively constant; the potential detecting member can be periodically contacted with the conductive layer and the insulating layer on the potential detecting portion, The detected potential alternates between zero potential and relative potential to form a regular rectangular wave, and the rotation of the motor can be detected by using the output rectangular wave.

The potential detecting member of the present invention is equal to the angular distance of the positive and negative electrode brushes with respect to the rotary axis of the motor, so that the level of the potential detecting member remains relatively constant regardless of the commutation of the motor.

The rectifying rotating device of the present invention may be between 3 and 20 poles, and the number of poles is preferably between 6 and 15. The potential detecting member and the rectifying rotating device of the present invention may be in a sliding electrical contact, and the potential detecting member may be in the form of a brush, which is made of a mixed material of graphite and copper powder having good friction performance and good electrical conductivity. Forming, sliding contact with the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and applying a radial elastic force to the potential detecting member by an elastic member such as a torsion spring, or a spring, or a spring, so as to maintain between the commutator and the commutator Or the potential detecting member may adopt a reed structure, and is formed into a long spring shape by a sheet material having good elasticity and good electrical conductivity, and one end thereof is mounted on the motor base, and then from the base Extending to the rectifying rotating device and sliding contact with the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device at the other end, the potential detecting member can always maintain tangential contact with the outer contour of the rectifying rotating device due to the spring force of the reed.

The potential detecting member and the rectifying rotating device of the present invention may also be a rolling electrical contact, the potential detecting member is composed of a mounting bracket and a roller, and the mounting bracket is in the shape of a long spring, and one end is used for mounting. On the motor base, the roller is mounted on the other end of the long reed structure of the mounting bracket, and the mounting bracket extends from the fixed end of the base toward the rectifying rotating device, so that the roller can just contact the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device. . The mounting frame is made of a sheet material having good elasticity and good electrical conductivity, and the roller is made of a material having good rolling properties and good electrical conductivity, and the roller can also be replaced by a ball.

The invention provides a method for detecting rotation of an electric motor, comprising the following steps:

a. The rectifying and rotating device of the motor is divided into upper and lower sections along the direction of the motor shaft, one of which is a power connection section for contact with the positive and negative brushes; the other section is a potential detection section, which is spaced along the circumferential direction. Insulation treatment is used to form an insulating layer, and the parts which are insulated and not insulated are alternately zero potential and high potential. Probe point

b. providing a potential detecting member on the base of the motor, the position of which corresponds to the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and is in electrical contact with the potential detecting section;

c positive and negative brushes are connected with the voltage output end of the motor circuit, the potential detecting member is electrically connected with the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the external signal display device;

d. After the motor starts to rotate, input voltage through the motor circuit, the potential detecting component collects the potential signal from the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and outputs the signal to the signal display device through the filtering circuit, and the oscilloscope displays the potential waveform, according to the output The waveform can detect the rotation of the motor.

The method for detecting the rotation of the motor according to the present invention can also be improved as follows: In the above step a., the insulating layer is regularly spaced along the circumferential direction of the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device to make the insulating layer and the potential detecting point Alternatingly spaced; in the above step b., the electrical contact between the potential detecting member and the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device may be a sliding contact or a rolling contact; the potential detecting member and the positive and negative brushes are rotated relative to the motor The angular spacing of the axes is equal, so that the level of the potential detector always remains relatively constant in any kind of commutation.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The structure is simple, it is easy to assemble, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

(2) The required connection circuit is simple and easy, no intermediate connection components are needed, the intermediate failure is avoided, and the reliability and authenticity of the detection are improved.

(3) The service life is long, because the potential detecting member can use a material that is more wear-resistant than the brush, so that as long as the motor can rotate, the effective waveform can be output through the potential detecting member.

(4) Wide applicability, suitable for any working environment. DRAWINGS

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings:

1 is a schematic view of a motor rotation detecting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;

4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the brush-like potential detecting member and the rectifying rotating device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic structural view of the brush-like potential detecting member of FIG.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the reed-like potential detecting member and the rectifying rotating device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a perspective view of a rolling type potential detecting member and a rectifying rotating device according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a perspective view of another angle of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a perspective view showing an enlarged structure of the rolling type potential detecting member of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a block diagram of the detection principle circuit of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a periodic waveform detected by the embodiment of Figure 1.

In the figure: magnetic tile 1, silicon steel sheet 2, winding 3, bearing 4, rectifying rotating device 5, positive electrode brush 6, negative electrode brush 7, insulating layer 8, commutator segment 9, potential detecting member 10, roller 101, installation Rack 102, brush whip 11

The motor rotation detecting structure shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 is one of the embodiments of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the motor includes a magnetic tile 1, a silicon steel sheet 2, a winding 3, a bearing 4, a rectifying rotating device 5, and a positive electric device. The brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7, the rectifying rotating device 5 is a commutator, and has an eight-pole commutator piece, and the motor base is not shown in the figure. However, the commutator segments may be other pole numbers, such as between 3 and 20 poles, preferably between 6 and 15 poles. The commutator 5 is divided into upper and lower two sections along the direction of the motor shaft, wherein the lower part, that is, the part close to the ear ear is a power connection section, and the brush; the part is in good electrical condition with the positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7 of the motor. Connection, as shown in Figure 2. The upper portion, that is, the portion of the far-off ear is a potential detecting portion. As shown in Fig. 3, an insulating layer 8 is disposed at every other interval in the circumferential direction so that the commutating segments 9 and the insulating layer 8 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. Corresponding to the potential detecting section, a potential detecting member 10 is symmetrically disposed along the circumference, and the potential detecting member 10 and the commutator are in smooth sliding contact with respect to the motor rotating shaft center and the positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7 The angular spacing is equal.

The potential detecting member 10 is in the form of a brush and is made of a mixed material of graphite and copper powder having good friction performance and good electrical conductivity; it can be fixed on the base of the motor by a box brush holder, and the brush-like potential detecting member 10 mounted in the brush holder, one end of which is a detecting end, the outer protruding brush holder is in sliding contact with the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and is provided by an elastic mechanism (not shown in the figure), such as a torsion spring, or a spring, Or the spring member or the like applies a radial elastic force to the potential detecting member to maintain contact with the commutator; the brush whip 11 is connected as a lead end of the potential detecting member to the filter circuit.

The rotation detecting method of the embodiment includes the following steps: a. The rectifying rotating device of the motor is a commutator, and has an eight-pole commutating piece 9 which is divided into upper and lower sections along the motor shaft direction, wherein the lower section is a power connecting section. For connecting with the positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7; the upper part is the potential detecting section, and the insulating layer 8 is formed by insulating treatment every other pole in the circumferential direction, that is, the insulating layer 8 and the uninterrupted processing The conductive layers formed by the sheets 9 are alternately arranged along the circumference so as to be insulated and not insulated. The rational part of the alternating is the detection point of zero potential and zeta potential;

b. The potential detecting member 10 is disposed on the base of the motor, and the position thereof corresponds to the potential detecting section of the commutator 5, and is equidistant from the positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7, and is in sliding contact with the potential detecting section;

c The positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7 are connected to the voltage output end of the motor circuit, the potential detecting member 10 is connected to the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the signal display device, which is an oscilloscope; The potential detecting members 10 are equal to the angular distance of the positive and negative brushes with respect to the rotational axis of the motor, respectively, and the spacing angle is 90°. Therefore, regardless of how the positive and negative poles of the motor power are converted, the negative pole of the signal output terminal is always maintained and the power source is maintained. The connection of the negative electrode.

d. The motor rotates after being turned on, and the voltage is input through the motor circuit. The potential detecting component 10 collects the potential signal from the potential detecting section of the commutator 5, and outputs the signal to the oscilloscope through the filter circuit, and the oscilloscope displays the potential waveform according to the output. The waveform can determine the rotation of the motor.

The motor rotation detecting structure shown in FIG. 6 is the second embodiment of the present invention. The potential detecting member 10 is formed of a reed structure, and is made of a sheet material having good elasticity and good electrical conductivity, and has a long spring shape, and one end thereof is passed through a pin. Or the screw is fixed on the mounting position of the motor base (not shown), the other end is used as the detecting end and the potential detecting section is in sliding contact, and the long reed is between the fixed end and the detecting end. The obtuse angle is folded to make the potential detecting member 10 maintain the tangential contact with the outer contour of the commutator 5 by the elastic force of the reed.

The motor rotation detecting structure shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 is the third embodiment of the present invention. The potential detecting member 10 is a rolling structure and is composed of a mounting bracket 102 and a roller 101. The mounting bracket 102 has good elasticity and good electrical conductivity. The sheet material is made into a folded arm-shaped elongated spring, similar to the structure of the potential detecting member of the second embodiment, and has a fixed end at one end, and is provided with a mounting hole, and the potential detecting member 10 can be fixed to the motor base by screws. The other end is a detecting end, and is provided with a roller bracket for mounting the roller 101. The roller 101 is hinged on the roller bracket and is in rolling contact with the copper head of the rectifying rotating device, and is maintained under the spring force of the mounting bracket. Contact of the outer contour of the roller 101 and the commutator 5. The rollers are made of a material with good rolling properties and good electrical conductivity, and the rollers can also be replaced by balls.

Figure 10 and Figure 11 show an example of the rotation speed of the motor rotor on the DC motor of the automobile. As shown in Figure 10, the positive electrode brush 6 and the negative electrode brush 7 are connected to the voltage output terminal of the motor circuit, and the potential detecting member 10 and The signal input end of the filter circuit is connected, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the signal display device. This embodiment is an oscilloscope; the filter circuit is composed of a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4 and a resistor R (or an inductor), which is a CRC (or CLC) n-shaped filter circuit. The potential signal line of the probe outputs a standard rectangular wave through this filter circuit, see Figure 11.

In this embodiment, the input voltage of the motor is 12V, and the commutator 5 has 8 poles; the potential detector 10 is placed at an angle of 90 degrees with the motor brush, and is replaced by an elastic device (not shown). The director 5 maintains good contact; the detector segments of the commutator are insulated at equal intervals every other piece or pieces. Since the potential detecting member 10 is equidistant from the two brushes 6, 7 of the motor, the level of the potential detecting member 10 is always maintained at about 6 V regardless of the commutation of the motor. Since the commutator conductive layer 9 and the insulating layer 8 of the potential detecting section are alternately arranged, the potential detecting member 10 periodically and the conductive layer 9 and the insulating layer 8 of the commutator segment are rotated during the rotation of the motor. In the contact, when the potential detecting member 10 contacts the commutator piece conductive layer 9, the potential detecting member level is 6 V, and when the insulating layer 8 is contacted, the potential detecting member level is 0 V. Normally, the rectangular wave shown in Figure 11 is displayed, which gives us an accurate picture of the motor rotation.

Claims

1. A rotation detecting structure for an electric motor, comprising a rectifying rotating device (5) and positive and negative electric brushes (6, 7), wherein: the rectifying rotating device (5) is divided into upper and lower two along a motor shaft direction. Segment, one of which is a power connection section, and is connected to the positive and negative brushes (6, 7); the other section is a potential detection section, and an insulation layer (8) is arranged along the circumferential direction, and corresponds to the motor base A potential detecting member (10) is disposed on the segment; the potential detecting member (10) is in electrical contact with the potential detecting portion of the rectifying rotating device (5).

2. The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 1, wherein: the insulating layer (8) of the commutator segments on the potential detecting section is regularly spaced apart in the circumferential direction, that is, the insulating layer and the potential Detection segment right

The non-insulating commutator segments constitute alternating conductive layers (9), so that the potential detecting member (10) is alternately contacted with the insulating layer (8) and the conductive layer (9), and the detected potential is at zero potential and The relative potentials alternate, forming a regular rectangular wave, and the rotation of the motor can be detected by using the output rectangular wave.

3. The structure for detecting the rotation of a motor according to claim 2, wherein: the potential detecting member (10) and the positive and negative electrode brushes (6, 7) are equidistant with respect to an angular axis of the motor.

4. The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 3, wherein: said rectifying rotating device (5) is between 3 and 20 poles, and a potential detecting section is circumferentially spaced one or two times per second. Or the electrode is provided with an insulating layer (8).

A rotation detecting structure for an electric motor according to claim 3, characterized in that said rectifying and rotating means (5) is between 6 and 15 poles.

The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, wherein the potential detecting member (10) is in the shape of a brush and is in sliding contact with the rectifying rotating member (5).

7. The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, wherein: said potential detecting member (10) is in the shape of a reed, and is made of a sheet having good elasticity and good electrical conductivity. The material is formed into a long spring shape, one end of which is a fixed end for mounting on a motor base, and the cymbal extending from the base toward the rectifying rotating device (5) and at the other end and the rectifying rotating device (5) In the sliding contact, the potential detecting member is always in contact with the outer contour of the rectifying rotating device under the elastic force of the reed itself.

The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, wherein: said potential detecting member (10) is composed of a mounting bracket (102) and a roller (101), The mounting bracket (102) has a long reed shape, one end of which is a fixed end for mounting on a motor base, and the roller (101) is mounted as a detecting end. On the other end of the frame (102) elongated reed structure, the mounting bracket (102) extends from the fixed end to the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device (5) to enable the roller (101) to interact with the potential detecting section In rolling contact, the roller (101) maintains contact with the rectifying rotating device (5) under the action of the buckling force of the mounting frame (102).

9. The rotation detecting structure of the electric motor according to claim 8, wherein: the elongated reed between the fixed end and the detecting end of the mounting bracket (102) has an obtuse angle and an arm shape, and the fixed end is provided with The mounting hole is fixed with a screw to fix the potential detecting member (10) on the mounting position of the motor base; the detecting end is provided with a roller bracket for mounting the roller (101), and the roller (101) is hinged on the roller bracket, and is rectified The rotating device is in rolling contact.

10. A method for detecting rotation of a motor, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a. dividing the rectifying and rotating device (5) of the motor into upper and lower sections along the direction of the motor shaft, wherein one section is a power connection section, It is used for contact with the positive and negative brushes (6, 7); the other is the potential detection section, which is insulated in the circumferential direction to form the insulation layer (8), which is insulated and uninsulated. Alternating detection points of zero potential and high potential;

b. a potential detecting member (10) is disposed on the base of the motor, the position of which corresponds to the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and is in electrical contact with the potential detecting section;

c positive and negative brushes (6, 7) are connected to the voltage output end of the motor circuit, the potential detecting member (10) is connected to the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the external signal display device;

d. After the motor starts to rotate, input the voltage through the motor circuit, the potential detecting component (10) collects the potential signal from the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device, and outputs the signal to the signal display device through the filtering circuit, and judges according to the output waveform The rotation of the motor.

11. The method for detecting rotation of an electric motor according to claim 10, wherein in the step a., the insulating layer is regularly spaced along the circumferential direction of the potential detecting section of the rectifying rotating device to make the insulating layer and the conductive layer. The layers are alternately spaced apart.

12. The method for detecting rotation of a motor according to claim 10, wherein in the step b., the potential detecting member (10) and the positive and negative brushes (6, 7) are opposite to the motor rotating shaft. The angular separation of the centers is equal, so that the level of the potential detecting member (10) is always constant in any kind of commutation.