WO2007049073A1 - Apparatus and method for the detection of leaks - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for the detection of leaks Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007049073A1
WO2007049073A1 PCT/GB2006/050351 GB2006050351W WO2007049073A1 WO 2007049073 A1 WO2007049073 A1 WO 2007049073A1 GB 2006050351 W GB2006050351 W GB 2006050351W WO 2007049073 A1 WO2007049073 A1 WO 2007049073A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detector
light
vessel
output
light source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/050351
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Murray Macdonald
Original Assignee
Moving Sun Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moving Sun Limited filed Critical Moving Sun Limited
Publication of WO2007049073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007049073A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/28Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
    • G01M3/2876Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for valves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/38Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the detection of leaks and in particular to a method an apparatus for testing fuel injectors.
  • Small leaks can cause the malfunction or underperformance of a variety of devices. In the case of automotive fuel systems such small leaks can result in a vehicle failing to meet emissions standards. As emissions standards are continually tightened the requirement for more precise measurement and detection methods and apparatus becomes greater.
  • Small leaks may only be represented by fractions of a cubic millimetre per minute of fluid. At present complex and expensive devices are required to detect such small volumes. Further, known leak measurement techniques are either confined to one particular area of a component or, if the whole component is to be tested to be fully dried prior to testing.
  • a testing apparatus comprising a vessel including a component mount, and mounted in the vessel a light source and a light detector, wherein the output of the light detector is proportional to the volume of fluid in the vessel.
  • the vessel is opaque.
  • the light shone into the vessel is of substantially the same spectrum as the absorption spectrum of the test fluid.
  • the apparatus includes a filter associated with the light source for filtering out substantially all light other than that which is in the absorption spectrum of the test fluid.
  • the apparatus may include a range of filters to match the absorption spectra of a range of test fluids.
  • the light source may be a xenon light source.
  • the detector is arranged to detect light in substantially the same spectrum as the emission spectrum of the test fluid.
  • the apparatus includes a filter associated with the detector for filtering out substantially all light other than that which is in the emission spectrum of the test fluid.
  • the apparatus may include a range of filters to match the emission spectra of a range of test fluids.
  • the detector is a photo-diode.
  • the vessel is preferably provided with a lid which may be removable from the body of the vessel.
  • the component mount may form part of the lid.
  • the apparatus is calibrated by measuring the change in output of the detector upon introduction of known volume of test fluid into the vessel. Subsequently changes in the output of the detector can be associated with specific volumes of test fluid introduced into the vessel.
  • the apparatus may provide a number of detector output threshold signals.
  • the apparatus may include a controller and a signal recording means, at least one of which may be embodied in a computer.
  • a method of detecting leakage using apparatus comprises the step of measuring the background emission level before fluid is passed through the component and setting a background threshold output for the detector.
  • the method includes the further step of supplying pressurised test fluid to the component under test and measuring the output of the detector.
  • pressurised fluid is supplied to the component and a signal is generated when the output of the detector reaches a first threshold, and a second signal is generated when the output of the detector reaches a second threshold, and more preferably the time taken for the output of the detector to change from the first output threshold level to the second is measured.
  • a leak in volume per unit time can be calculated.
  • the detector can be arranged to provide further output signals.
  • the leakage rate can be calculated by measuring the time taken to change output thresholds.
  • the method may be carried out by a computer.
  • the apparatus and method of the invention provide a simple and effective means of testing components such as fuel injectors for leakage. There is no requirement to dry the components before testing.
  • the drawing is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a testing apparatus according to the invention, and is by way of example.
  • the leak detection apparatus comprises a vessel 1 including a chamber 2 that is closed by a lid 3 including an aperture 4 in which a seal 4' is mounted.
  • the seal will be of a soft material such as rubber.
  • the seal forms a second aperture 5 through which a component under test is inserted.
  • the component under test is a fuel injector.
  • the vessel 1 is made from a material that is opaque and substantially light proof.
  • the chamber 2 is provided with two openings 6, 7 in which are located a light source 6' and a photo- diode T the sensitivity of which can be adjusted.
  • the light source 6' is a xenon light source.
  • a filter 6 mounted on the end of the light source 6' and within the chamber 2 is a filter 6", arranged such that light emanating from the light source 6' passes through the filter 6".
  • the photodiode T is mounted behind an optical filter 7" light received by the photodiode T having passed through the filter 7".
  • the filters 6" and 7" are matched as closely as possible to the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum respectively of the test fluid.
  • the fuel injector 8 is connected to a source of pressurised fluid (not shown).
  • a vessel would be designed to accommodate a specific component and its dimensions kept to the minimum suitable for that component.
  • the light source 6 and the detector 7 may each be mounted behind respective optical windows in the vessel.
  • the apparatus of the invention functions by analysing the absorption spectrum of the fluid being passed through the component
  • the output voltage of the detector is preferably proportional to the volume of fluid in the chamber.
  • the apparatus Prior to use, the apparatus is calibrated for one or more specific fluids, the filters 6' and T being matched to the said fluid.
  • Calibration involves introducing known volumes of fluid and measuring the change in output voltage of the detector so that a change in voltage of for example 1 mvolt represents a volume of lmm 3 of fluid in the chamber, and each 1 mvolt increase in output voltage of the detector would similarly represent the presence of a further 1 mm 3 of fluid in the chamber.
  • the leakage rate can be measured simply by measuring the time taken to for the output voltage of the detector to change by a known amount.
  • the apparatus is operated according to the following method:
  • the filters 6" and 7" are selected to closely match the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluid under test; ⁇ ) a component 8 is inserted into the vessel 1 ; iii) light source 6' is activated and the output of the photodiode noted; iv) the sensitivity of the detector T is reduced until no emission output is detected (this is the background level of emission of the chamber which might be due in part to wetness of the component under test); v) pressurised fluid is supplied to the component under test; vi) the output of the detector T is monitored and the time taken for the detector output to reach a first threshold is noted; vii) with pressurised fluid continuing to be supplied the time taken for the detector output to reach a second threshold is noted; viii) a leakage rate in volume/time is calculated from the time taken for the detector output to change from the first to the second threshold.
  • the method of the invention may also include a calibration routine to determine the amount of test fluid required to trigger each sensitivity level.
  • the calibration routine involves introducing a known small volume of fluid into the vessel 1 and measuring the output of the detector, i.e. the sensitivity level of the detector.
  • the method may also include the step of determining the optical absorption and emission spectra of the test fluid.
  • the apparatus may further include a controller which may be arranged to control the performance of steps lit to ix of the above-mentioned method.
  • the apparatus may further include a data logger which records the output of the detector 7'. Such a data logger may also record the input from light source 6. Further, information regarding the filters 6" and 7" may be loaded into the data logger. Both the controller and data logger may form part of a computer.

Abstract

A leak detection apparatus comprises an opaque vessel (1) including a component mount (8) , a light source (6) and a light detector (7), the light source (61) being arranged to direct light into the vessel (1) and the light detector (71) being arranged to detect light in the vessel (1). The output of the light detector is proportional to the volume of fluid in the vessel (1).

Description

Apparatus and Method for the Detection of Leaks
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the detection of leaks and in particular to a method an apparatus for testing fuel injectors.
Background of the Invention
Small leaks can cause the malfunction or underperformance of a variety of devices. In the case of automotive fuel systems such small leaks can result in a vehicle failing to meet emissions standards. As emissions standards are continually tightened the requirement for more precise measurement and detection methods and apparatus becomes greater.
Small leaks may only be represented by fractions of a cubic millimetre per minute of fluid. At present complex and expensive devices are required to detect such small volumes. Further, known leak measurement techniques are either confined to one particular area of a component or, if the whole component is to be tested to be fully dried prior to testing.
As such it would be desirable to provide an improved method and apparatus for detecting leaks.
Summary of the Invention
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a testing apparatus comprising a vessel including a component mount, and mounted in the vessel a light source and a light detector, wherein the output of the light detector is proportional to the volume of fluid in the vessel.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention the vessel is opaque. Preferably, the light shone into the vessel is of substantially the same spectrum as the absorption spectrum of the test fluid. Advantageously the apparatus includes a filter associated with the light source for filtering out substantially all light other than that which is in the absorption spectrum of the test fluid. The apparatus may include a range of filters to match the absorption spectra of a range of test fluids. The light source may be a xenon light source.
Preferably, the detector is arranged to detect light in substantially the same spectrum as the emission spectrum of the test fluid. Advantageously, the apparatus includes a filter associated with the detector for filtering out substantially all light other than that which is in the emission spectrum of the test fluid. The apparatus may include a range of filters to match the emission spectra of a range of test fluids. Advantageously the detector is a photo-diode.
The vessel is preferably provided with a lid which may be removable from the body of the vessel. The component mount may form part of the lid.
Advantageously the apparatus is calibrated by measuring the change in output of the detector upon introduction of known volume of test fluid into the vessel. Subsequently changes in the output of the detector can be associated with specific volumes of test fluid introduced into the vessel.
The apparatus may provide a number of detector output threshold signals.
The apparatus may include a controller and a signal recording means, at least one of which may be embodied in a computer.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of detecting leakage using apparatus as specified above. The method comprises the step of measuring the background emission level before fluid is passed through the component and setting a background threshold output for the detector. The method includes the further step of supplying pressurised test fluid to the component under test and measuring the output of the detector. Preferably, pressurised fluid is supplied to the component and a signal is generated when the output of the detector reaches a first threshold, and a second signal is generated when the output of the detector reaches a second threshold, and more preferably the time taken for the output of the detector to change from the first output threshold level to the second is measured. With knowledge of the volume of fluid associated with each of the first and second thresholds and the time required for the change in volume to occur, a leak in volume per unit time can be calculated. The detector can be arranged to provide further output signals. The leakage rate can be calculated by measuring the time taken to change output thresholds.
The method may be carried out by a computer.
The apparatus and method of the invention provide a simple and effective means of testing components such as fuel injectors for leakage. There is no requirement to dry the components before testing.
Brief Description of the Drawing
The drawing is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a testing apparatus according to the invention, and is by way of example.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiment
Referring now to the drawings, the leak detection apparatus comprises a vessel 1 including a chamber 2 that is closed by a lid 3 including an aperture 4 in which a seal 4' is mounted. Typically the seal will be of a soft material such as rubber. The seal forms a second aperture 5 through which a component under test is inserted. In the example the component under test is a fuel injector. The vessel 1 is made from a material that is opaque and substantially light proof. The chamber 2 is provided with two openings 6, 7 in which are located a light source 6' and a photo- diode T the sensitivity of which can be adjusted. In the example the light source 6' is a xenon light source. Mounted on the end of the light source 6' and within the chamber 2 is a filter 6", arranged such that light emanating from the light source 6' passes through the filter 6". The photodiode T is mounted behind an optical filter 7" light received by the photodiode T having passed through the filter 7".
The filters 6" and 7" are matched as closely as possible to the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum respectively of the test fluid.
The fuel injector 8 is connected to a source of pressurised fluid (not shown).
Typically a vessel would be designed to accommodate a specific component and its dimensions kept to the minimum suitable for that component.
The light source 6 and the detector 7 may each be mounted behind respective optical windows in the vessel.
The apparatus of the invention functions by analysing the absorption spectrum of the fluid being passed through the component The output voltage of the detector is preferably proportional to the volume of fluid in the chamber.
Prior to use, the apparatus is calibrated for one or more specific fluids, the filters 6' and T being matched to the said fluid. Calibration involves introducing known volumes of fluid and measuring the change in output voltage of the detector so that a change in voltage of for example 1 mvolt represents a volume of lmm3 of fluid in the chamber, and each 1 mvolt increase in output voltage of the detector would similarly represent the presence of a further 1 mm3 of fluid in the chamber. When a component is inserted into the chamber and pressurised, the leakage rate can be measured simply by measuring the time taken to for the output voltage of the detector to change by a known amount.
Preferably the apparatus is operated according to the following method:
i) the filters 6" and 7" are selected to closely match the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluid under test; ϋ) a component 8 is inserted into the vessel 1 ; iii) light source 6' is activated and the output of the photodiode noted; iv) the sensitivity of the detector T is reduced until no emission output is detected (this is the background level of emission of the chamber which might be due in part to wetness of the component under test); v) pressurised fluid is supplied to the component under test; vi) the output of the detector T is monitored and the time taken for the detector output to reach a first threshold is noted; vii) with pressurised fluid continuing to be supplied the time taken for the detector output to reach a second threshold is noted; viii) a leakage rate in volume/time is calculated from the time taken for the detector output to change from the first to the second threshold.
The method of the invention may also include a calibration routine to determine the amount of test fluid required to trigger each sensitivity level. The calibration routine involves introducing a known small volume of fluid into the vessel 1 and measuring the output of the detector, i.e. the sensitivity level of the detector.
The method may also include the step of determining the optical absorption and emission spectra of the test fluid. The apparatus may further include a controller which may be arranged to control the performance of steps lit to ix of the above-mentioned method. The apparatus may further include a data logger which records the output of the detector 7'. Such a data logger may also record the input from light source 6. Further, information regarding the filters 6" and 7" may be loaded into the data logger. Both the controller and data logger may form part of a computer.

Claims

Claims
1. A leak detection apparatus comprising an opaque vessel including a component mount, a light source and a light detector, wherein the light source is arranged so as to direct light into the vessel and the light detector is arranged to detect light in the vessel, and wherein the output of the light detector is proportional to the volume of fluid in the vessel.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the light shone into the vessel is of substantially the same spectrum as the absorption spectrum of the test fluid.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, further comprising a first filter associated with the light source, wherein the first filter filters out substantially all light other than that which is in the absorption spectrum of the test fluid.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second filter associated with the light detector, wherein the second filter filters out substantially all light other than that which is in the emission spectrum of the test fluid.
5. Apparatus according to Claim 3 and 4, further comprising a set of pairs of first and second filters, each pair of first and second filters being matched the absorption and emission spectra of a particular test fluid.
6. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the light source may be a xenon light source.
7. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the detector is a photodiode.
8. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the vessel is provided with a lid, and the component mount forms part of the lid.
9. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the detector is arranged to provide a number of output threshold signals.
10. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising a controller operatively connected to the light source and the detector, wherein the controller commands operation of the light source and records the output of the detector.
11. Apparatus according to Claim 10, wherein the controller includes a clock and is arranged to measure the time interval between threshold outputs of the detector.
12. Apparatus according to Claim 10 or 11, wherein the controller is embodied in a microprocessor.
13. A method of detecting leakage from a component using the apparatus as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the followings steps: i. selecting the first and second filters to closely match the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluid under test; ϋ. inserting a component into the vessel; iii. supplying pressurised fluid to the component under test; iv. monitoring the output of the detector and detecting when a first threshold is reached; v. with pressurised fluid continuing to be supplied measuring the time taken for the detector output to move from the first threshold to the second threshold; vi. calculating a leakage rate in volume/time from the time taken for the detector output to change from the first to the second threshold.
14. A method according to Claim 13, wherein between the steps ii and iii of Claim 13 the following further step is performed: i. activating the light source and reducing the sensitivity of the detector until no emission output is detected.
15. A method according to Claim 13 or 14, wherein following step iii in Claim 13 the time taken for the detector output to reach the first threshold is measured.
16. A method of calibrating a leak detection apparatus according to any of Claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: i. introducing a known volume of a particular test fluid into the vessel; ϋ. illuminating the inside of the vessel with the light source; iϋ. with the detector detecting light emitted by the fluid; iv. measuring the change in output of the detector.
17. A method of detecting leakage from a component using the apparatus as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 12, comprising the further step of calibrating the apparatus.
18. A method according to Claim 17, wherein the step of calibrating the apparatus is performed according to the method of Claim 16.
19. A leak detection apparatus substantially as described with reference to, and as shown in, the drawings.
20. A method of detecting leakage from a component substantially as described with reference to, and as shown in, the drawings.
21. A method of calibrating a leak detection apparatus substantially as described with reference to, and as shown in, the drawings.
PCT/GB2006/050351 2005-10-25 2006-10-24 Apparatus and method for the detection of leaks WO2007049073A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0521720.3 2005-10-25
GB0521720A GB2431715B (en) 2005-10-25 2005-10-25 Apparatus and method for the detection of leaks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007049073A1 true WO2007049073A1 (en) 2007-05-03

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD763423S1 (en) 2011-09-28 2016-08-09 Moving Sun Limited Air sterilizing apparatus
RU2636279C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Installation for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636278C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Method for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636254C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Method for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636280C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Unit for detecting leakage of process fluids
CN110118143A (en) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-13 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of drop point test device and method by spraying
WO2024055364A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-21 云南电网有限责任公司楚雄供电局 Sensor for detecting water leakage of converter valve

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBO20070670A1 (en) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-03 Aea Srl EQUIPMENT FOR DETECTION OF LIQUID LEAKS IN INJECTORS FOR AUTOMOTIVE USE
EP3136083B1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2018-06-06 Swan Analytische Instrumente AG Method and device for determining a substance or the concentration of a substance in a fluid medium
GB2582605A (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-09-30 Delphi Tech Ip Ltd Method of detecting a leak in a fuel injector

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GB1601533A (en) * 1977-12-24 1981-10-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method of testing injection nozzles
JPH02176542A (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-09 Toyota Motor Corp Measuring method for fine-grain distribution state
WO1998049533A1 (en) * 1997-04-25 1998-11-05 Leybold Vakuum Gmbh Detector for a test gas leak search device
US6552355B1 (en) * 1997-06-06 2003-04-22 Texaco, Inc. Optical detection of entrapped gas in a cooling system
WO2005068807A2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-28 Michigan Custom Machines, Inc. Fluid test machine, methods and systems

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD763423S1 (en) 2011-09-28 2016-08-09 Moving Sun Limited Air sterilizing apparatus
RU2636279C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Installation for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636278C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Method for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636254C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Method for detecting leakages of technological liquids
RU2636280C1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-11-21 Юлия Николаевна Некрасова Unit for detecting leakage of process fluids
CN110118143A (en) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-13 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 A kind of drop point test device and method by spraying
WO2024055364A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-21 云南电网有限责任公司楚雄供电局 Sensor for detecting water leakage of converter valve

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Publication number Publication date
GB2431715A (en) 2007-05-02
GB0521720D0 (en) 2005-11-30
GB2431715B (en) 2009-08-26

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