WO2007025410A1 - Methode de compression de signalisation pour systeme de communication multipartie - Google Patents

Methode de compression de signalisation pour systeme de communication multipartie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007025410A1
WO2007025410A1 PCT/CN2005/001369 CN2005001369W WO2007025410A1 WO 2007025410 A1 WO2007025410 A1 WO 2007025410A1 CN 2005001369 W CN2005001369 W CN 2005001369W WO 2007025410 A1 WO2007025410 A1 WO 2007025410A1
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Prior art keywords
static dictionary
dictionary
string
static
receiver
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PCT/CN2005/001369
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qing Yu
Cunjun Dai
Xujin Ye
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Zte Corporation
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Priority to PCT/CN2005/001369 priority Critical patent/WO2007025410A1/zh
Priority to CN200580049039.1A priority patent/CN101142798B/zh
Publication of WO2007025410A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007025410A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/04Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H03M7/3084Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction using adaptive string matching, e.g. the Lempel-Ziv method

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to signaling compression in a Next Generation Network (NGN) that communicates using protocols such as SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and SDP (Session Description Protocol).
  • NTN Next Generation Network
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • SDP Session Description Protocol
  • NGN is an abbreviation for "Next Generation Network” or “New Generation Network”. NGN is based on softswitch and adopts an open, standard architecture to provide next-generation networks including voice, video, and data. SIP can be said to be the core control protocol in the next generation network. It is an integral part of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) multimedia data and control architecture. It is the network core control protocol explicitly proposed by 3GPP R5 (3G WCDMA project version 5). . The SIP protocol is used to initiate, manage, and terminate voice and video sessions in a packet network, specifically to generate, modify, and terminate sessions between one or more participants. It is mainly used for session control of voice and multimedia calls in IP networks. Its basic functions are the establishment, release, modification of communication sessions and negotiation of terminal communication capabilities.
  • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
  • SDP is a protocol used to describe multimedia session announcements, multimedia session invitations, and other forms of multimedia session initialization.
  • the SDP usually includes the following information: (1) session information, the content including the session name and purpose, the session activity time, the bandwidth information used by the session, and the contact information of the session leader; (2) media information, such as video and audio.
  • Media types transport protocols such as RTP (Real Time Transport Protocol) / UDP (User Datagram Protocol) / IP and H.320, media formats such as H.261 video and MPEG video, multicast address and media transport port (for IP multicast session), and the remote address (for IP unicast sessions) of the media and transport port used to contact the address.
  • the compression technology SigComp (Signaling Compression) architecture compresses the signaling.
  • the SigComp architecture mainly solves the bandwidth problem of IP signaling in the wireless link. It is located between the application protocol layer and the transport layer. It can provide robust and lossless compression for application layer messages, and can run on TCP, UDP and SCTP (flow Control transport protocols) and other transport layers.
  • the introduction of the SigComp architecture effectively reduces the bandwidth requirements of signaling over the wireless link, reduces session initiation and signaling control delays, and improves service quality.
  • SigComp mainly has two major compression mechanisms: Static Dictionary (RFC3485) and Dynamic Feedback (RFC3320).
  • the strategy of the static dictionary is mainly to compress the signaling message by using the static dictionary, and reduce the length of the original signaling message before compression by replacing the reserved words in the signaling.
  • Static dictionaries have general, uniform, and efficient effects, but their data structures are relatively fixed. Data definitions are given by RFCs and do not have the effect of dynamic transformation.
  • the principle of dynamic feedback is to replace the large-byte data that is temporarily generated in the call process and may be transmitted multiple times, and replace the transmission by the identifier generated by the negotiation between the two parties.
  • Dynamic feedback has the effect of dynamic transformation.
  • the replacement of transmission data depends on the negotiation of both parties and has high flexibility.
  • these dynamic negotiation results are basically limited to a single call range, they generally die after the call ends. Therefore, for some relatively fixed, call-independent data, repeated negotiations are caused during multiple transmissions, which is not conducive to saving network bandwidth.
  • both the static dictionary and the dynamic compression function are relatively simple, and they have certain limitations. Moreover, the two are isolated and lack organic connection. In addition, the dynamic compression scope is limited to point-to-point, which makes it difficult to achieve dynamic compression of data in a multi-party communication system. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a signaling compression method for a multi-party communication system.
  • the invention can effectively combine the dynamic feedback and the static dictionary compression mechanism, and fully utilize the advantages of the two to avoid duplication. Negotiate and greatly save network bandwidth.
  • the present invention provides a signaling compression method for a multi-party communication system, which includes the following steps:
  • the sender and the receiver dynamically compress and transmit signaling according to the dynamic feedback negotiation mechanism, and then determine whether it is necessary to dynamically convert the relevant string according to the upper application decision, and if so, add the string to the sender and the sender respectively. a respective static dictionary of the recipient, and generating a data description of the string;
  • the static dictionary includes an original dictionary interval for storing a static dictionary defined by RFC3485 and an extended dictionary interval for storing a new character string, and the data format adopted by the RFH3485 is defined by RFC3485.
  • the multiparty communication system is composed of one receiver and several senders, and the static dictionary of the receiver is a total set of static dictionaries of all senders.
  • step (a3) can be further divided into the following steps:
  • step (b2) determining whether the dynamic feedback negotiation process between the sender and the receiver ends normally, and if yes, performing step (b3), otherwise performing step (b6)
  • step (b3) According to the upper application decision, determine whether it is necessary to dynamically convert the relevant string, and if so, perform step (b4), otherwise perform step (b6)
  • step (b4) determining whether the character string that needs to be dynamically converted exists in the static dictionary of the receiver, and if so, the receiver notifies the sender to add the corresponding position on its local static dictionary. a string, and generate the same data description, perform step (b6), otherwise perform step (b5); (b5) add the string and the data description of the string to the respective statics of the sender and the receiver respectively Dictionary and data description table;
  • step (b5) can be further divided into the following steps:
  • the receiver calculates the length of the character string, generates an offset address of the character string, records the priority and origin of the character string, and updates the offset address of the current extended dictionary interval;
  • the sender adds the string at the same offset address as the receiver on its local static dictionary and generates the same data description.
  • the present invention has the following feature: the upper layer application decision includes using string frequency statistics to determine a character string that needs to be dynamically converted.
  • the present invention has the following features, and the method further includes the following steps of synthesizing different static scripts:
  • step (d2) taking out the next static dictionary, determining whether there is a static dictionary conversion string different from the current dictionary collection in the static dictionary, if yes, performing step (d3) ; otherwise performing step (d4);
  • the multi-party communication system can also perform the following operations on the static dictionary:
  • the receiver can delete, change, and organize its local static dictionary; (e2) the sender can periodically update its local static dictionary based on the recipient's static dictionary, or The receiver notifies the sender that the sender updates the relevant substring at the corresponding location of its local static dictionary.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the sender and the receiver respectively save the static dictionary and the data description table to the corresponding data file, or use the message-driven trigger mode, and the sender and the receiver respectively save the static dictionary and the data description table. To the corresponding data file.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the static dictionary can replace the dynamic feedback negotiation process with frequent repeated negotiation to adopt a static dictionary compression mechanism. , thereby eliminating a large amount of dynamic feedback negotiation work, and effectively reducing the signaling bandwidth;
  • the method extends the standard system of existing signaling compression, so that the data conversion function of static dictionary, dynamic feedback and dynamic feedback data to the static dictionary can be implemented between multiple senders and receivers;
  • the static dictionary synthesis function provided by the present invention can generate a dictionary collection of multiple static dictionaries, thereby enabling interoperability of products of various manufacturers. , greatly expanding the scope of the signaling compression mechanism;
  • the static dictionary in the present invention also has compatibility, versatility and inheritance, and any system can use the latest dictionary collection to greatly improve system adaptability and flexibility.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of converting dynamic feedback data into a static dictionary in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the data sorting operation performed by the receiving party on its local static dictionary in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of synthesizing different static dictionaries in the present invention.
  • the static dictionary structure defined by RFC3485 is shown in Table 1.
  • the storage space of the static dictionary is 0xl2E2 (the decimal number is 4834) bytes, about 4K bytes, and the saved string includes some commonly used in SIP and SDP protocols. Keywords and special characters, a simple continuous arrangement of these characters constitutes the static dictionary.
  • the first double byte of each row in the table indicates the displacement address where the row is located.
  • Table 2 and Table 3 are data description tables for parsing the compressed string in the SIP/SDP protocol, respectively.
  • the data description table includes String, Priority, Offsets Length, References, etc., from RFC3485:
  • String represents the compressed string in the SIP/SDP protocol saved by a static dictionary;
  • Priority indicates the priority of the string.
  • the static dictionary has a higher priority at the bottom of the layout, and the higher priority string can be Use less byte pressure when compressing Reduced logo replacement, which is a compression coding principle, that is, the higher the frequency of the string is replaced with a less-byte compressed identifier; in addition, there is a compression mechanism such as DEFLATE, which is placed on the string that is used frequently.
  • the bottom of the dictionary for the best compression efficiency, so the string is prioritized in the data description table;
  • Offset is the offset position of the string in the static dictionary
  • Length is the length of the string
  • the priority includes 1 to 5, and there are 5 levels.
  • the offset address in the static dictionary of Table 1 is obtained according to the offset, and then length is used for length interception, that is, the corresponding character is obtained. string.
  • Table 2 Data description table of SIP string in static dictionary
  • the first byte is a fixed message identifier, indicating that it is a dynamic feedback negotiation message; the returned feedback item is a dynamic feedback string, as shown in Table 5, and returned_feedback_length is the length of the dynamic feedback string. 7bits indicates that the maximum length is 128 bytes, the returned_feedback_field is the dynamic feedback string interval; the Partial state identifier is the identifier generated by the dynamic feedback negotiation, and its length is occupied by two bits of the first byte. Indicates that the specific length representation method is: "01" indicates
  • the dynamic feedback negotiation part consists of the first byte, the returned feedback item, and
  • the Remaining SigComp message is the subsequent SIP/SDP message compression part.
  • the dynamic feedback negotiation part data length 1 (identification header) + (1 + dynamic feedback data length) + identifier length.
  • the data format needs to be defined in advance, and the dynamic feedback data and the format of the extended static dictionary are clarified.
  • the static dictionary in this embodiment Basically follow the data format of the static dictionary defined by RFC3485, and make the following convention:
  • Priority continues to use 1 ⁇ 5; Offset continues to use two bytes, because RFC3485 is currently only defined to 0xl2E2, using two bytes is sufficient; Length continues to use two bytes; References is unchanged; Static dictionary is divided into two The interval from 0x0000 to 0xlfff is the original dictionary interval of the static dictionary defined by RFC3485, to ensure that the future RFC3485 data definition can be added in the interval of 0xl2e2 ⁇ 0xlfff; the area from 0x2000 ⁇ 0xffff The interval is used to store the extended dictionary interval in the newly added characters. Since Oxffff is two bytes, the maximum capacity of the extended dictionary interval is Oxffff — 0x2000 0xdfff bytes, a total of 56K bytes, which can meet the larger demand. .
  • the RFC3320 defines a dynamic feedback field format for protocol extension.
  • the data format is characterized by setting the first bit of the first byte to 0, indicating that the dynamic feedback field needs to be converted into Static dictionary, returned_feedback—field—offset Takes two bytes, indicating the offset position generated by the dynamic string in the receiver's static dictionary, used to notify the sender.
  • the sender is a UE (user terminal)
  • the receiver is a proxy
  • the proxy can face one or more UEs.
  • the signaling compression method of the communication system includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 The system starts the UE and the Proxy, and respectively carries a static dictionary with a capacity of 64 Kbytes to the memory of the UE and the Proxy, and the static dictionary includes an original dictionary interval and an extended dictionary interval, and simultaneously loads in the dedicated data area. a data description table for a static dictionary;
  • Step 102 The UE determines whether the character string involved in the signaling to be sent to the Proxy exists in its static dictionary. If yes, the UE performs static compression according to the static dictionary mechanism and then sends the signal to the receiver. Otherwise, the UE and the Proxy Dynamically compress and communicate signaling according to the dynamic feedback negotiation mechanism, and then the system determines whether the dynamic feedback data negotiation is successful (ie, whether it ends normally), and if so, step 103 is performed, otherwise step 107 is performed;
  • Step 103 determine whether it is necessary to dynamically convert the relevant string, and if so, go to step 104, otherwise go to step 107;
  • the conversion of dynamic data into a static dictionary depends on the decision of the upper application, because of the hit rate problem, that is, the most commonly used dynamic feedback data is converted into a static dictionary; the higher the hit rate, the higher the compression efficiency; If the various effective means can be used, such as using string frequency statistics to determine the dynamic feedback data to be converted, and improving the hit rate, the effect of the present invention will be more significant;
  • Step 104 The Proxy determines whether the character string that needs to be dynamically converted exists in its local static dictionary. If yes, the Proxy notifies the UE to add the string in the corresponding position on the static dictionary, and generates the same data description, and executes Step 107, otherwise step 105 is performed; Step 105, the Proxy calculates the length of the string, generates an offset address of the string, records the priority and origin of the string, and updates the offset of the current extended dictionary interval.
  • Step 106 Using a system timing or message-driven triggering mode, the UE and the Proxy respectively save respective static dictionary and data description tables to corresponding data files;
  • Step 107 Steps 102 to 107 are repeatedly performed until the signaling transmission between the UE and the Proxy ends.
  • the message that converts the dynamic feedback data to the static dictionary in step 103 is sent in two cases.
  • One case is that the UE actively requests to convert the dynamic feedback data, and the other case is that the Proxy requests to convert the dynamic feedback data. If the UE first issues a translation request, the Proxy response needs to set the first bit of the first byte of the Returned feedback item field to 0.
  • the data file simply stores the data in the format of a static dictionary.
  • Dictionary.dat and DescriptioiLdat represent the data files that store the string portion and the data description portion of the static dictionary, respectively.
  • the static dictionary of the Proxy includes the contents of the static dictionary of all UEs and the UE is planned to be quiet.
  • the scope of the state dictionary is the total set of static dictionaries for all UEs.
  • a single UE cannot correctly allocate the added position of the new string, so the offset position generated must be done by the Proxy.
  • the Proxy adds a new string, it notifies the UE that the UE adds the string at the same location on the local static dictionary as the Proxy. This ensures that the static dictionary in the UE is consistent with the static dictionary in the Proxy.
  • the process of adding a new string to the static dictionary by the Proxy includes the following steps: Step 1. Determine the starting position of the static dictionary;
  • Step 2 Obtain the length of the dynamic feedback string according to the returned_feedback_length field in the dynamic feedback field, and obtain a current offset position in the static dictionary.
  • Step 3 Add the string to the corresponding position of the static dictionary according to the current offset position and length, record the Priority and reference, and calculate the updated offset position.
  • the function that the Proxy adds to the local static dictionary is as follows. Each time the dynamic data is converted, the function needs to be called once.
  • the dynamic feedback string is "www.zte.com.cn". You need to add the "www.zte.com.cn” string after the offset position is 0x2000 in the static dictionary. The following is the data description of the string. :
  • Priority and reference are given by the application.
  • the multi-party communication system in this embodiment can also perform query, delete, change, and collation operations on the static dictionary. Since the Proxy stores a collection of static static dictionaries, the following operations are limited to the Proxy side.
  • Step 201 Find a first data description in a data description table
  • Step 203 determining whether there is a next data description in the data description table, if yes, executing step 202; otherwise, performing step 207;
  • Step 204 sequentially query the next data description in the data description table, determine whether the next data description in the data description offset is not Oxffff, if yes, go to step 205; otherwise, go to step 207;
  • Step 206 returning to step 204;
  • Step 207 ending;
  • the UE After the string of the Proxy static dictionary is deleted, changed, and tidyed, the UE is notified to make corresponding changes.
  • the UE changes the situation into two types. One is that the UE uses the static dictionary of the Proxy to reload; the other is to notify the UE by the Proxy. Re-add the changed string at the corresponding offset position. Since the cumulatively generated dictionaries are not the same after each vendor's system has been run for a certain period of time, sometimes in order to achieve interoperability between vendors' products, it may be necessary to generate a collection of several static dictionaries.
  • the invention also provides the function of synthesizing different static dictionaries. The basic calculation formula of the synthesizing function is the same as the operation of adding a string. The difference is that there is a traversal search process for each static dictionary to ensure the uniqueness and completeness of the collection. At the same time, it is also necessary to take into account the version upgrade of the static dictionary defined by RFC3485 to ensure compatibility.
  • Step 301 find the static dictionary with the largest static dictionary data defined by RFC3485 in all multi-party communication systems, and use the static dictionary as the basis of the dictionary collection;
  • Step 302 taking out the next static dictionary
  • Step 303 it is determined whether there is a static dictionary conversion character string (ie, dynamic feedback data portion) different from the current dictionary collection in the static dictionary, if yes, step 303 is performed; otherwise, step 304 is performed;
  • Step 303 Add the string to the current dictionary collection, and generate a data description.
  • Step 304 repeat steps 302 to 304, until traversing all static dictionary industrial practicability in the system
  • the traffic can be significantly reduced.
  • the conversion hit rate is 30%, and the compression ratio of the method is quantitatively calculated.
  • the average length of a normal SIP message is 500 bytes.
  • the SIP message length is 400+58 bytes at this time; setting the SIP message after the dynamic feedback negotiation ends.
  • the specific embodiment of the present embodiment uses the SIP protocol as an example, it is essentially a general-purpose method with protocol independence.
  • the present invention is applicable not only to SIP and SDP signaling compression, but also to the compression of some new protocols in the future.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

一种用于多方通信系统的信令压縮方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其是涉及一种在使用 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol, 会话初始协议)、 SDP(Session Description Protocol, 会话描述协 议)等协议进行通信的下一代网络(NGN) 中进行信令压缩的方法。 背景技术
NGN是"下一代网络 (Next Generation Network)"或"新一代网络(New Generation Network) "的縮写。 NGN是以软交换为核心, 采用开放、 标 准体系结构, 能够提供包括话音、 视频、 数据等多种业务的下一代网络。 SIP可以说是下一代网络中的核心控制协议,是互联网工程任务组(IETF) 多媒体数据和控制体系结构的一个组成部分, 是 3GPP R5(3G WCDMA 项目 版本 5)明确提出采用的网络核心控制协议。 SIP协议用于初始、 管 理和终止分组网络中的语音和视频会话, 具体地说是用来生成、 修改和 终结一个或多个参与者之间的会话。它主要应用于 IP 网络中语音和多媒 体呼叫的会话控制, 其基本功能是通信会话的建立、 释放、 修改以及终 端通信能力的协商。 SDP是用来描述多媒体会话通告、 多媒体会话邀请 和其他形式的多媒体会话初始化的协议。 SDP通常包括以下信息: (1 ) 会话信息, 其内容包括会话名和目的、 会话活动时间、 会话使用的带宽 信息和会话负责人的联系信息; (2)媒体信息, 其内容包括诸如视频和 音频的媒体类型、 诸如 RTP (实时传输协议)/ UDP (用户数据报协议) /IP 和 H.320的传输协议、 诸如 H.261视频和 MPEG视频的媒体格式、 多播 地址和媒体传输端口 (用于 IP多播会话) , 以及用于联系地址的媒体和 传输端口的远端地址 (用于 IP单播会话) 。
因此,使用 SIP、 SDP协议能够满足多种应用,但是, 由于 SIP、 SDP 信令过于冗长, 这使得其应用于带宽资源宝贵的无线网络时, 呼叫建立 需要太多时间, 不利于提高效率。 所以, IETF又定义了 SIP、 SDP的信 令压缩技术 SigComp (Signaling Compression, 信令压缩) 体系架构对信 令进行压缩。 SigComp体系架构主要解决 IP信令在无线链路中的带宽问 题, 位于应用协议层与传输层之间, 可为应用层消息提供健壮、 无损的 压缩, 而且能运行在 TCP、 UDP和 SCTP (流控制传输协议)等多种传输 层之上。 SigComp体系架构的引入有效降低信令在无线连路上的带宽需 求, 减少会话发起和信令控制时延, 从而提高服务质量。
从目前的 RFC (Request For Comments)协议中, SigComp主要有静 态字典 (Static Dictionary, RFC3485)和动态反馈 (SigComp feedback mechanism, RFC3320)等两大压缩机制。
静态字典的策略主要是利用静态字典对信令消息进行压缩, 通过对 信令中保留字的替换, 减小压縮前的原始信令消息长度。 静态字典具有 通用、统一、高效的效果,但其数据结构相对固定,数据定义由 RFC给出, 不具备动态变换的效果。
动态反馈的原理是将呼叫进程中临时产生的、 可能多次传输的大字 节数据,采用通话双方由协商产生的标识 (identifier)进行替换传输的机制。 动态反馈具有动态变换的效果, 传输数据的替换取决于双方的协商, 具 有很高的灵活性。 但是, 由于这些动态协商结果基本上只限于单个呼叫 范围, 一般都在呼叫结束后消亡。 因此, 对于一些相对固定的、 与呼叫 无关的数据在多次传输时会引起重复的协商, 这不利于节约网络带宽。
综上所述,无论是静态字典还是动态压縮的功能都比较单一,都有其 一定局限性, 而且, 两者之间是隔离的, 缺乏有机的联系。 另外, 动态 压缩作用域局限在点对点之间, 这在多方通信的系统难以实现动态压缩 数据的重用。 发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于多方通信系统的信令压 缩方法, 采用本发明能将动态反馈和静态字典两种压缩机制有效结合起 来, 充分利用两者的优点, 可以避免重复协商而大大节约网络带宽。 为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于多方通信系统的信令 压縮方法, 包括如下步骤:
(al )启动多方通信系统中的发送方和接收方,分别向各自的内存载 入相应的静态字典和数据描述表;
( a2 )发送方判断需要发送至接收方的信令所涉及的字符串是否在其 静态字典中存在, 若存在, 则将该信令按照静态字典机制进行静态压缩 后发送至接收方, 执行步骤 (a4) , 否则执行步骤 (a3 ) ;
(a3 )发送方与接收方之间按照动态反馈协商机制进行动态压缩且传 递信令, 然后根据上层应用决策判断是否需要动态转换相关字符串, 若 是, 将所述字符串分别添加至发送方和接收方的各自静态字典, 并且生 成所述字符串的数据描述;
(a4)重复步骤(a2)至(a4) , 直至发送方与接收方之间的信令传 递完成。 进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点: 所述静态字典包括存储由 RFC3485定义的静态字典的原有字典区间和存储新增字符串的扩展字典 区间, 其采用的数据格式由 RFC3485定义。
进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点: 所述多方通信系统由一个接收 方和若干发送方组成, 接收方的静态字典是所有发送方的静态字典的总 集。
进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点, 所述步骤(a3 )可进一步分为如 下步骤:
(bl )发送方与接收方之间按照动态反馈协商机制进行动态压缩且传 递信令;
(b2)判断发送方与接收方之间的动态反馈协商过程是否正常结束, 若是, 执行步骤 (b3 ) , 否则执行步骤(b6)
(b3 )根据上层应用决策,判断是否需要动态转换相关字符串,若是, 执行步骤 (b4) , 否则执行步骤(b6)
(b4)判断需要动态转换的字符串在接收方的静态字典中是否存在, 若存在, 则接收方通知发送方在其本地静态字典上的相应位置添加所述 字符串, 并生成相同的数据描述,执行步骤(b6), 否则执行步骤(b5 ); (b5 )将所述字符串以及所述字符串的数据描述分别添加至发送方和 接收方的各自静态字典以及数据描述表;
(b6) 结束。
进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点, 所述步骤(b5 )可进一步分为如 下步骤:
(cl ) 接收方计算所述字符串的长度, 生成所述字符串的偏移地址, 记录所述字符串的优先级和出处, 以及更新当前扩展字典区间的偏移地 址;
(c2)接收方在其扩展字典区间的相应偏移地址处添加所述字符串, 并生成数据描述, 同时通知发送方在其本地静态字典上的相同偏移地址 处添加所述字符串;
(c3 )发送方在其本地静态字典上的与接收方相同的偏移地址处添加 所述字符串, 并且生成相同的数据描述。 进一步地,本发明还具有如下特点:所述上层应用决策包括采用字符 串频率统计来决定需要动态转换的字符串。
进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点, 本方法还包括将不同的静态字 典进行合成的如下步骤:
(dl ) 在多方通信系统中找到包括由 RFC3485定义的静态字典数据 最大的静态字典, 并以该静态字典作为字典合集的基础;
(d2) 取出下一个静态字典, 判断该静态字典中是否存在与当前字 典合集不同的静态字典转换字符串, 若存在, 执行步骤(d3 ) ; 否则执 行步骤(d4) ;
(d3 ) 添加该字符串至当前字典合集, 并且生成数据描述;
(d4) 重复步骤 (d2)至 (d4) , 直至遍历系统中所有静态字典。 进一步地, 本发明还具有如下特点, 多方通信系统对静态字典还可 进行如下操作:
(el ) 接收方可对其本地静态字典进行删除、 更改和数据整理操作; (e2)发送方可根据接收方的静态字典定时更新其本地静态字典,或 是接收方通知发送方, 由发送方在其本地静态字典的相应位置处更新有 关子符串
进一步地, 该方法还包括如下步骤:
采用系统定时的触发方式, 发送方和接收方分别将静态字典和数据 描述表保存至相应的数据文件中, 或者采用消息驱动的触发方式, 发送 方和接收方分别将静态字典和数据描述表保存至相应的数据文件中。 与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点:
A、 由于本方法中可将动态反馈数据转换为静态字典, 并且该静态字 典能兼容 RFC定义的数据部分, 因此通过该静态字典可以将频繁重复协 商的动态反馈协商过程替代为采用静态字典压缩机制, 从而省却了大量 的动态反馈协商工作, 并且能有效地降低信令带宽;
B、 本方法扩展了现有信令压缩的标准体系, 使得静态字典、 动态反 馈和动态反馈数据到静态字典的数据转换功能可以在多个发送方和接收 方之间实现;
C、 由于各厂商系统在经过一定阶段的运行之后, 累积生成的字典不 尽相同, 通过本发明提供的静态字典合成功能, 可生成多个静态字典的 字典合集, 从而使得各厂商产品的能够互通, 大大扩大了信令压缩机制 的作用范围;
D、本发明中的静态字典还具有兼容性、通用性和继承性, 任何系统 都可以使用最新的字典合集而大大提高系统适配性和灵活性。 附图概述
图 1是本发明中动态反馈数据转换为静态字典的流程图;
图 2是本发明中接收方对其本地静态字典进行数据整理操作流程图; 图 3是本发明中对不同静态字典进行合成的流程图。
本发明的最佳实施方式 为深入了解本发明, 下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明进行详细 说明。
由 RFC3485定义的静态字典结构如表 1所示, 静态字典的存储空间 为 0xl2E2 (十进制数为 4834)个字节, 约 4K字节, 它所保存的字符串 包括 SIP、 SDP协议中常用的一些关键字和特殊字符,这些字符的简单连 续排列便组成了该静态字典。 其中, 表中每行的第一个双字节表示该行 所在的位移地址。
表 1 SIP/SDP静态字典的二进制表示
Figure imgf000008_0001
静态字典所保存的 SIP/SDP协议中被压縮字符串通过数据描述来解 析, 表 2和表 3分别是用于解析 SIP/SDP协议中被压缩的字符串的数据 描述表, 数据描述表包括 String、 Priority、 Offsets Length、 References 等内容, 从 RFC3485可以知:
String表示一个静态字典所保存的 SIP/SDP协议中的被压缩字符串; Priority表示字符串的优先级, 静态字典在编排时默认越靠近底部具 有更高的 Priority, 而优先级高的字符串可以在压缩时采用更少字节的压 缩标识替换, 这是一种压縮编码原则, 即使用频率越高的字符串采用更 少字节的压缩标识替换; 此外,还有诸如 DEFLATE的压缩机制, 对经常 性使用的字符串放在字典的最底部, 以获得最好的压缩效率, 因此在数 据描述表中对字符串划分了优先级; .
Offset是字符串在静态字典中的偏移位置;
Length是字符串的长度;
References是指字符串出自哪个标准哪个部分;
优先级 (Priority)包括 1〜5, 共有 5个级别, 每个字符串解析时只要 根据 offset得到其在表 1的静态字典中的偏移地址,再利用 length进行长 度截取, 即得到相应的字符串。
表 2静态字典中 SIP字符串的数据描述表
String Priority Offset Length References
"sip:** 1 0CDD 0004 [3] 19.1.1
"sips:" 3 08AC 0005 [3] 19.1.1
"tel:" 3 08BD 0004 [7] 2.2
"SIP/2.0" 1 0CB9 0007 [3] 25.1
"SIP/2.0/UDP" 1 0CFE OOOC [3] 25.1
"SIP/2.0/TCP" 2 0CB9 OOOC [3] 25.1
"606" 5 0430 0004 [3] 21.6.4
"606 Not 4 0430 0012 [3] 21.6.4 Accptable"
"687" 5 0359 0004 [14] 3.5
"687 Dialog 4 0359 0015 [14] 3.5 Terminated"
"Anonymous" 3 08A4 0009 [3] 8.1.1.3
Figure imgf000010_0001
下面对动态反馈的数据格式进行描述,表 4表示 SigComp消息格式, 表 5表示 SigComp消息中动态反馈字段(Returned feedback item) 的格 式。
表 4 SigComp消息格式
1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1
Returned feedback item
Partial state identifier
Remaining SigComp message 表 5 动态反馈字段格式
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
lj returned— feedback—length
returned feedback field 结合 RFC3320和表 4可知:
第一个字节为固定消息标识头, 指示其为动态反馈协商消息; Returned feedback item为动态反馈字符串, 如表 5所示的格式, returned— feedback—length为动态反馈字符串的长度, 用 7bits表示, 最大 长度为 128个字节, returned— feedback— field为动态反馈字符串区间; Partial state identifier为动态反馈协商生成的标识, 它的长度由第一 个字节中占有两个 bits的 len表示, 具体的长度表示方法为: "01 "表示
6个字节; " 10"表示 9个字节; " 11 "表示 12字节;
因此, 动态反馈协商部分由第一个字节、 Returned feedback item和
Partial state identifier三咅分组成;
Remaining SigComp message是后续的 SIP/SDP消息压缩部分。
由上述可知, 动态反馈协商部分数据长度 = 1 (标识头) + ( 1+动态 反馈数据长度) + identifier长度。 在本实施例中, 需要预先定义数据格式, 明确动态反馈数据和扩展 后静态字典的格式。
将动态数据反馈数据转换为静态字典, 首先要保证原有由 RFC3485 定义的静态字典的兼容性, 还要考虑由 RFC3485定义的静态字典可能存 在的扩展性, 为此, 本实施例中的静态字典基本沿用由 RFC3485定义的 静态字典的数据格式, 并作如下约定:
Priority继续采用 1〜5; Offset继续使用两个字节,因为目前 RFC3485 只定义到 0xl2E2, 采用两个字节是够用的; Length继续采用两个字节; References不变; 静态字典分为两个区间, 从 0x0000〜0xlfff的区间为存 储由 RFC3485定义的静态字典的原有字典区间, 以保证 0xl2e2〜0xlfff 的区间内可容纳未来的 RFC3485数据定义加入; 从 0x2000〜0xffff的区 间为用于存储新增字符中的扩展字典区间, 由于 Oxffff是两个字节, 因此 扩展字典区间的最大容量为 Oxffff— 0x2000 =0xdfff个字节, 共 56K字 节, 可以满足较大的需求。
此外, 还需要对 RFC3320定义动态反馈字段格式进行协议扩展, 具 体如表 6所示, 该数据格式的特点是将第一个字节的第一位设置为 0, 表 示该动态反馈字段需要转换成静态字典, returned— feedback— field— offset 占用两个字节, 表示该动态字符串在接收方的静态字典中生成的偏移位 置, 用于通知发送方。
表 6需要转换为静态字典的动态反馈字段格式
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 returned— feedback— length
returned feedback field
returned feedback field offset 在本实施例中, 设定发送方为 UE (用户终端), 接收方为 Proxy (服 务器) , Proxy可面对一个或多个 UE, 如图 1所示, 一种用于多方通信 系统的信令压缩方法包括如下步骤: '
步骤 101,系统启动 UE和 Proxy,并分别向 UE和 Proxy的内存载信 容量为 64K字节的静态字典, 该静态字典包括原有字典区间和扩展字典 区间, 同时在专用数据区内载入关于静态字典的数据描述表;
步骤 102, UE判断需要发送至 Proxy的信令所涉及的字符串是否在 其静态字典中存在, 若存在, 则将该信令按照静态字典机制进行静态压 缩后发送至接收方,否则 UE与 Proxy之间按照动态反馈协商机制进行动 态压缩且传递信令, 然后系统判断动态反馈数据协商是否成功 (即是否 正常结束) , 若是, 执行步骤 103, 否则执行步骤 107;
步骤 103, 根据上层应用决策, 判断是否需要动态转换相关字符串, 若是, 执行步骤 104, 否则执行步骤 107; 将哪些动态数据转换为静态字典之所以取决于上层应用的决策, 是 因为命中率的问题, 即最大程度地将常用的动态反馈数据转换为静态字 典; 命中率越高, 压缩效率越高; 应用中如能采用各种有效手段, 如采 用字符串频率统计决定需转换的动态反馈数据, 提高命中率, 本发明的 效果将更显著;
步骤 104, Proxy判断需要动态转换的字符串在其本地的静态字典中 是否存在, 若存在, 则 Proxy通知 UE在其静态字典上的相应位置添加所 述字符串, 并生成相同的数据描述, 执行步骤 107, 否则执行步骤 105; 步骤 105, Proxy计算所述字符串的长度, 生成所述字符串的偏移地 址, 记录所述字符串的优先级和出处, 以及更新当前扩展字典区间的偏 移地址, 然后在其扩展字典区间的相应偏移地址处添加所述字符串, 并 生成数据描述,同时通知 UE在其本地静态字典上的相同偏移地址处添加 所述字符串; UE在其本地静态字典上的与 Proxy相同的偏移地址处添加 所述字符串, 并且生成相同的数据描述;
步骤 106, 采用系统定时或消息驱动的触发方式, UE和 Proxy分别 将各自的静态字典和数据描述表保存至相应的数据文件中;
步骤 107, 重复执行步骤 102至步骤 107, 直至 UE与 Proxy之间的 信令传递结束。
需要指出的是, 步骤 103中将动态反馈数据转换到静态字典的消息 发出有两种情况,一种情况是 UE主动要求转换动态反馈数据, 另一种情 况则是 Proxy要求转换动态反馈数据。 如果 UE方首先发出转换要求, Proxy应答时需要将 Returned feedback item字段的第一个字节的第一位设 置为 0。
数据文件即简单地按照静态字典的格式存储数据, Dictionary.dat和 DescriptioiLdat分别表示存储静态字典的字符串部分和数据描述部分的数 据文件。
Proxy的静态字典包括所有 UE的静态字典的内容且规划了各 UE静 态字典的范围, 是所有 UE的静态字典的总集。 单个 UE不能正确分配新 增字符串的添加位置, 因此生成偏移位置必须由 Proxy完成。 Proxy添加 新增字符串后通知 UE, UE在其本地静态字典上与 Proxy相同的位置处 进行字符串的添加,这样可以保证 UE中的静态字典与 Proxy中的静态字 典保持一致。
Proxy向静态字典中添加新增字符串的操作过程, 包括如下步骤: 步骤 1, 确定静态字典的起始位置;
步骤 2,根据动态反馈字段中的 returned— feedback— length字段获取该 动态反馈字符串的长度, 并且获取静态字典中的当前偏移位置;
步骤 3, 根据当前偏移位置和长度, 向静态字典的相应位置处添加所 述字符串, 记录 Priority和 reference, 并且计算更新后的偏移位置。
Proxy向其本地静态字典中添加新增字符串操作过程的函数如下,每 次动态数据的转换都需要调用该函数一次。
static WORD CurOffset = 0x2000
void Calc_Cur_Str()
{
Offset = CurOffset
Length = strlen("string")
CurOffset + = Length
Priorit 和 reference由应用决定。
}
例如: 动态反馈字符串为" www.zte.com.cn", 需要在静态字典中偏移 位置为 0x2000后添加 "www.zte.com.cn"字符串, 如下是对该字符串的 数据描述:
当前偏移位置 offset=0x2000,
字符串长度 length= sti en("www.zte.com.cn") = 14,
CurOffset = 0x2000+14 = 0x200E, Priority和 reference由应用给出。 此外, 本实施例中多方通信系统还可以对静态字典进行查询、 删除、 更改和整理操作。 由于 Proxy存储的是各 ΌΈ的静态字典的总集, 因此以 下操作仅限于 Proxy侧。
査询操作: 在将动态反馈数据转换为静态字典之后, 需要进一步确 认需要转换的字符串在 Proxy的静态字典中是否存在, 该操作的输入是 字符串, 经过遍历, 输出结果。
删除操作: 包括全部删除和单个删除, 全部删除是指将用于存储新 增字符串的扩展字典区间内的数据全部清空, 只保留由 RFC3485定义的 静态字典的原有字典区间内的数据; 单个删除是指删除单个动态反馈保 存的静态字典数据, 具有实现上可以简单地将其数据描述设置标识, 如 offset = Oxffffo
更改操作: 即是将某静态字典数据进行更改,可以分解为两步:删除 该原有数据和添加新数据, 因此, 首先将该数据描述设置标识, offset = Oxffff, 然后在静态字典的末尾, 进行添加字符串操作。
数据整理操作: 由于删除操作是简单地打上删除标识, 所以数据整 理操作需要对已经删除的数据进行空间回收, 然而在回收的同时, 会带 来其他数据位置的迁移, 因此计算量比较庞大, 应当避免频繁地使用, 一般在系统重启或空间占用超限时使用。
图 2是数据整理操作的流程图, 数据整理过程包括如下步骤: 步骤 201, 在数据描述表中找到第一个数据描述;
步骤 202, 判断当前数据描述中是否存在 offSet=0xffff, 若存在, 确 定该数据描述字符串的偏移地址 offset为当前偏移地址 CurOffset, 执行 步骤 204; 否则, 执行步骤 203 ;
步骤 203, 判断该数据描述表中是否存在下一个数据描述, 若存在, 执行步骤 202; 否则, 执行步骤 207; 步骤 204, 依次查询数据描述表中的下一个数据描述, 判断是否找到 数据描述中 offset不为 Oxffff的下一个数据描述, 若是, 执行步骤 205; 否则, 执行步骤 207;
步骤 205,将该数据描述对应的字符串移动至静态字典的当前偏移位 置, 并且将该数据字符串的数据描述中 offset 二 CurOffset, 同时更新当 前偏移地址 CurOffset, 使得 CurOffset = CurOffset + length;
步骤 206, 返回步骤 204;
步骤 207, 结束;
Proxy静态字典的字符串经过删除、 更改和整理后, 通知 UE进行相 应更改, UE进行更改的情况分为两种, 一种是 UE使用 Proxy的静态字 典, 重新加载; 另一种为 Proxy通知 UE在相应的偏移位置处重新添加被 更改的字符串。 由于各厂商系统在经过一定阶段的运行之后, 累积生成的字典不尽 相同, 有时为了达到各厂商产品的互通, 可能需要对几个静态字典生成 其合集。 本发明还提供对不同的静态字典进行合成的功能, 合成功能的 基本计算公式与添加字符串的操作一样, 不同点是存在对各静态字典的 遍历搜索的过程, 以保证合集的唯一性和完整性; 同时还需要兼顾由 RFC3485定义的静态字典的版本升级情况, 保证兼容性。
对不同静态字典的合成流程如图 3所示, 包括如下步骤:
步骤 301 在所有的多方通信系统中找到由 RFC3485定义的静态字典 数据最大的静态字典, 并以该静态字典作为字典合集的基础;
步骤 302, 取出下一个静态字典;
步骤 303,判断该静态字典中是否存在与当前字典合集不同的静态字 典转换字符串 (即动态反馈数据部分) , 若存在, 执行步骤 303; 否则, 执行步骤 304;
步骤 303, 添加该字符串至当前字典合集, 并且生成数据描述; 步骤 304, 重复步骤 302至 304, 直至遍历系统中所有静态字典 工业实用性
采用本发明所提供的方法能明显降低通信量, 通过以 SIP消息为例, 其转换命中率为 30%, 定量计算该方法的压缩率。
假设动态反馈数据的平均长度为 50字节,反馈标识 identifier的平均 长度为 6个字节, 由表 4可知, 使用动态反馈协商机制的单个消息, 其 反馈协商部分需要多消耗 1+(50+1)+6 = 58个字节。
设定普通 SIP消息的平均长度为 500字节, 经过静态字典压缩过的 SIP消息平均长度为 400字节, 则静态压缩的压缩率为 400/500=80% 。
由于动态反馈协商时需要含有动态反馈字段,而且 SIP消息尚没有进 行动态压缩,只进行了静态压缩,因此此时 SIP消息长度为 400+58个字 节;设定动态反馈协商结束后 SIP消息的平均长度为 300字节;综合以上 两种情况, 借助概率统计, 得到使用动态反馈后平均 SIP消息长度为 350 字节。 则动态反馈后压缩率提高为 350/500=70% 。
使用本发明提供的方法压缩, SIP消息中等于省却了动态反馈字段 项, 此时 SIP消息的平均长度就为 300字节, 因此压缩率变为 300/500= 60%。
如果能尽可能优化上层应用决策, 提高命中率, 即最大程度地将常 用的动态反馈数据转换为静态字典, 例如从 30%提高到 50%时, 压缩率 提高将达到 41.94%。
本具体实施例虽然很多地方都以 SIP协议为例子,但它本质上是一种 通用的方法, 具有协议无关性。 本发明不仅适用于 SIP、 SDP信令压缩, 在未来的一些新协议压縮上都可以采用本方法。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 包括如下步骤-
(al )启动多方通信系统中的发送方和接收方, 分别向各自的内存载 入相应的静态字典和数据描述表;
(a2)发送方判断需要发送至接收方的信令所涉及的字符串是否在其 静态字典中存在,若存在, 则将该信令按照静态字典机制进行静态压缩后 发送至接收方, 执行步骤 (a4) , 否则执行步骤 (a3) ;
(a3)发送方与接收方之间按照动态反馈协商机制进行动态压縮且传 递信令,然后根据上层应用决策判断是否需要动态转换相关字符串,若是, 将所述字符串分别添加至发送方和接收方的各自静态字典,并且生成所述 字符串的数据描述;
(a4)重复步骤 2)至(a4) , 直至发送方与接收方之间的信令传 递完成。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于: 所述静态字典包括存储由 RFC3485定义的静态字典的原有 字典区间和存储新增字符串的扩展字典区间, 其采用的数据格式由
RFC3485定义。 .
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于:所述多方通信系统由一个接收方和若干发送方组成, 接收方 的静态字典是所有发送方的静态字典的总集。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (a3) 可进一步分为如下步骤:
(M )发送方与接收方之间按照动态反馈协商机制进行动态压缩且传 递信令; ,
(b2)判断发送方与接收方之间的动态反馈协商过程是否正常结束, 若是, 执行步骤 (b3) , 否则执行步骤 (b6)
(b3)根据上层应用决策,判断是否需要动态转换相关字符串,若是, 执行步骤(b4) , 否则执行步骤(b6) (b4) 判断需要动态转换的字符串在接收方的静态字典中是否存在, 若存在,则接收方通知发送方在其本地静态字典上的相应位置添加所述字 符串, 并生成相同的数据描述, 执行步骤 (b6) , 否则执行步骤 (b5) ;
(•b5)将所述字符串以及所述字符串的数据描述分别添加至发送方和 接收方的各自静态字典以及数据描述表;
(b6) 结束。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(b5) 可进一步分为如下步骤-
(cl ) 接收方计算所述字符串的长度, 生成所述字符串的偏移地址, 记录所述字符串的优先级和出处, 以及更新当前扩展字典区间的偏移地 址;
(c2) 接收方在其扩展字典区间的相应偏移地址处添加所述字符串, 并生成数据描述,同时通知发送方在其本地静态字典上的相同偏移地址处 添加所述字符串;
( c3 )发送方在其本地静态字典上的与接收方相同的偏移地址处添加 所述字符串, 并且生成相同的数据描述。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于:所述上层应用决策包括采用字符串频率统计来决定需要动态 转换的字符串。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于, 本方法还包括将不同的静态字典进行合成的如下步骤:
(dl ) 在多方通信系统中找到包括由 RFC3485定义的静态字典数据 最大的静态字典, 并以该静态字典作为字典合集的基础;
(d2)取出下一个静态字典,判断该静态字典中是否存在与当前字典 合集不同的静态字典转换字符串, 若存在, 执行步骤(d3) ; 否则执行步 骤 4) ;
(d3)添加该字符串至当前字典合集, 并且生成数据描述;
(d4)重复步骤 (d2)至(d4) , 直至遍历系统中所有静态字典。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于,多方通信系统对静态字典还可进行如下操作:
(el )接收方可对其本地静态字典进行删除、 更改和数据整理操作; (e2)发送方可根据接收方的静态字典定时更新其本地静态字典, 或 是接收方通知发送方,由发送方在其本地静态字典的相应位置处更新有关 字符串。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于: 该方法还包括如下步骤
采用系统定时的触发方式,发送方和接收方分别将静态字典和数据描 述表保存至相应的数据文件中。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于多方通信系统的信令压缩方法, 其特征在于: 该方法还包括如下步骤
采用消息驱动的触发方式,发送方和接收方分别将静态字典和数据描 述表保存至相应的数据文件中。
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