WO2007022688A1 - Reacteur a temperature elevee, refroidi au gaz, modulaire a lit regulier et son procede de disposition de galets de combustible - Google Patents

Reacteur a temperature elevee, refroidi au gaz, modulaire a lit regulier et son procede de disposition de galets de combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007022688A1
WO2007022688A1 PCT/CN2006/001964 CN2006001964W WO2007022688A1 WO 2007022688 A1 WO2007022688 A1 WO 2007022688A1 CN 2006001964 W CN2006001964 W CN 2006001964W WO 2007022688 A1 WO2007022688 A1 WO 2007022688A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
core
ball
graphite
plane
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PCT/CN2006/001964
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Jiafu Tian
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Jiafu Tian
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Publication of WO2007022688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007022688A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
    • G21C1/07—Pebble-bed reactors; Reactors with granular fuel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a regular bed modular type air-cooled gas cooled reactor and a method for arranging the same, which belong to the field of nuclear reactor technology. Background technique
  • the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is an internationally recognized advanced nuclear reactor type with good safety, high efficiency and wide application. Due to the use of high temperature resistant ceramic coated particles as fuel, inert gas is used as a coolant, graphite is a moderator and core structure material, so that it can generate high temperatures above 950 degrees, not only high efficiency power generation, but also in coal Gasification, liquefaction, hydrogen production, etc. have broad application prospects.
  • Modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactors are characterized by miniaturization and inherent safety. In the event of loss of coolant accidents, heat and heat radiation can still be used to dissipate waste heat, keeping fuel and core intact, and fundamentally discharging the core. The possibility of baking. At the same time, a simple and efficient system for direct-cycle power generation of helium gas turbines with a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is proposed, which makes the small module reactor economically competitive with large-scale nuclear power plants, and has received extensive attention. Internationally known as the fourth generation of advanced nuclear energy systems.
  • Modular air-cooled gas reactors are available in two designs.
  • One is a prismatic fuel reactor based on the original US technology.
  • the commercial 600 MW reactor, designed for the United States, Russia, and Japan, is called a block reactor.
  • the main feature is that a large graphite block containing fuel particles is stacked to form a reactor core, and the reactor is periodically shut down for fuel replacement.
  • the other is a spherical fuel element stack based on the original German technology. It is currently a commercial 400 MW reactor designed mainly in South Africa and China, referred to as a pebble bed reactor.
  • the main feature is a 60 mm diameter fuel ball made of fuel particles and graphite, and a large number of fuel balls form a core in a random stack. In reactor operation, the fuel ball is continuously added from the top and continuously discharged from the bottom, eliminating the need to shut down the fuel for replacement.
  • the ball bed pile has the advantages of simple core structure, low fuel element cost, suitable for mass production, high strength, good stability, convenient transportation and storage, and deep fuel consumption. But the irregularly stacked fuel balls move from top to bottom in the core. The best power and temperature distribution cannot be obtained. Although the fuel ball passes through the core more than 10 times before it becomes spent fuel, the axial and radial power unevenness coefficients are large, making it within the limited volume of the modular reactor. The maximum output thermal power of the reactor can only reach about 400 MW. In addition, when the ball bed core coolant has a large flow resistance, when the helium gas turbine is used for direct cycle power generation, the high efficiency measures for reducing the temperature difference and increasing the flow rate are limited, so the net power generation efficiency is only about 41%. The block type reactor not only has a thermal power output of 600 megawatts, but also has a net power generation efficiency of about 47%. The output of the two modular enthalpy-temperature gas-cooled reactors differs a lot. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor and a fuel ball arrangement method thereof, which have the main advantages of having a ball bed pile, and can reduce the circulation resistance of the coolant and improve the power output.
  • the regular bed modular type air-cooled gas reactor proposed by the invention comprises a fuel ball core, a graphite block reflection layer, a control rod, an absorption ball, a steel pressure vessel; the graphite block reflection layer is placed in a steel pressure vessel
  • the core is placed in a cavity formed by the reflective layer of the graphite block, the core is a solid column or a hollow column, and the core and the graphite block are provided with a crucible;
  • the control rod or the absorption ball is placed In the graphite reflective layer; characterized in that the fuel spheres are arranged in a square on a horizontal plane in the cavity of the graphite reflective layer, and the depression formed at the center of each of the four spheres becomes the position of the next layer of the sphere, and the layer is accumulated to form a regular bed.
  • the lower end of the regular bed is a graphite reflective layer.
  • the center distance of adjacent fuel balls on any horizontal surface of the regular bed is D, 1. 03d ⁇ D ⁇ 1.21d, where d is the diameter of the fuel sphere between the fuel spheres.
  • a through hole penetrating the core up and down is formed.
  • the core when the core is a solid column, there are two kinds of surface of the graphite block reflective layer on the side wall of the core, the first type is a plane, and the second type is a vertical convex on the plane.
  • the horizontal spacing between the ribs or the bosses, the ribs or the bosses is the center distance D of the fuel balls, and the first plane and the second plane are spaced apart from each other, and the normal angle of the two planes is 45 degrees, from the side
  • the core of the wall is a quasi-octagonal, polygonal or quasi-cylindrical column.
  • the core when the core is a hollow column, there are two kinds of surface of the graphite block reflective layer on the inner and outer sidewalls of the core, the first type is a plane, and the second type is a vertical plane.
  • the horizontal spacing between the protruding ribs or the bosses, the ribs or the bosses is the center distance D of the fuel balls, and the first plane and the second plane are spaced apart from each other, and the normal angle of the two planes is 45 degrees
  • the core section surrounded by the side wall is a ring-shaped quasi-octagonal shape, a ring-shaped polygon or a ring-shaped quasi-circular shape.
  • the surface of the graphite reflective layer cavity bottom plate is a plane, and a concave, convex or square grid corresponding to the square arrangement of the fuel balls is distributed on the plane.
  • the graphite block reflective layer adjacent to the core fuel ball is a graphite ball.
  • the loading and unloading corresponding to the annular core is opened on the top cover of the pressure vessel Hole.
  • the invention also proposes a fuel ball arrangement method for a regular bed modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor, wherein 2 to 5 first fuel-burning depth fuel balls are arranged in the inner region of the annular core, and the outer zone is provided with 2 to 5 Two fuel-burning fuel balls, the center of the fuel zone is set to the remaining third fuel-burning depth.
  • the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor designed by the invention and the fuel ball arrangement method thereof have the following advantages compared with the existing ball bed pile and the block type pile -
  • the core fuel ball adopts a regular arrangement method, and each ball has a fixed position, so that an optimal power and temperature distribution can be obtained, and a high output power is obtained.
  • the regular bed reactor core designed by the present invention is a structure similar to "crystal", which has the flexibility and stability of the twist, allowing the coolant to flow from a single vertical flow to a multi-flow or horizontal flow, thus being significant Reduce the flow resistance of the ball bed and improve energy conversion efficiency.
  • the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor of the present invention and the fuel ball arrangement method thereof have the main advantages of the existing ball bed pile, the single type of spherical fuel element is convenient for development and low-cost mass production, and the structural strength of the fuel ball High, good radiation stability, easy to transport and store under shielding conditions, fuel ball can be measured by fuel consumption to achieve more uniform deep burnup when discharged.
  • the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor of the present invention has a higher density of regular bed packing than the ball bed pile, and partially compensates for the loss of neutron economy caused by continuous material refueling.
  • a portion of the fast neutron strong irradiation zone uses a graphite ball reflective layer to reduce and avoid the replacement of the graphite block.
  • the regular bed modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor of the present invention operates in the same batch refueling mode as the block type reactor, but the equipment required for loading and unloading the spherical fuel element is simple, and the shutdown time required for loading and unloading is short.
  • the fuel loading and unloading of the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor of the present invention is carried out under shutdown and low temperature and low pressure conditions, so that it is not necessary to maintain the loading and unloading equipment and system in the reactor operation compared with the pebble bed reactor;
  • the bottom discharge makes the bottom structure simple and the pressure vessel size is reduced.
  • the existing ball bed stack requires separate ball flow experiments for core designs of different sizes and shapes.
  • the regular bed in the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor of the present invention has a fixed ball. Position, therefore, does not require these experiments, nor does it need to couple the flow characteristics of this fuel ball into the neutron design and thermal hydraulic design, simplifying the pre-engineering experiments and design.
  • the regular bed modular air-cooled reactor of the present invention utilizes a through-hole through the core to obtain an accurate measurement of the 'axial and radial neutron fluence rate distribution of the actual core at the start of the reactor. , for boosting power and correcting calculations Very beneficial.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a regular bed modular temperature gas cooled reactor
  • Figure 2a is an eighth view of a section of a circular octagonal core
  • Figure 2b is a longitudinal section of B-B in Figure 2a;
  • Figure 3 is a quarter view of a solid cylindrical octagonal core section
  • Figure 4 is an eighth-eighth plastic ball model of a ring-shaped octagonal core
  • Figure 5 is a cross section of a ring-shaped core of a modular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the ball unloader
  • Figure 7a is a cross section of the radial zone divider
  • Figure 7b is a D-D longitudinal section of Figure 7;
  • Figure 7c is a longitudinal section of E-E in Figure 7.
  • 1a, b, c, d, e, a is the longitudinal section of the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor hollow column core of the invention; b is the beginning of discharge; c is discharge completion; d is the use of radial area
  • d is the diameter of the fuel sphere; D is the horizontal spacing of the fuel sphere and the protruding rib; 22 is the through hole extending through the whole bed; 23 is the plane side wall; 24 is convex on the plane The side wall of the rib; 25 is a fuel ball; 26 is a graphite block bottom plate; 27 is a spherical recess on the graphite block bottom plate; 28 is a protruding rib.
  • a is a quasi-octagonal shape
  • b is a quasi-circular shape
  • c is a quasi-octagonal shape with a graphite ball side reflection layer
  • d is a quasi-circular shape with a graphite ball side reflection layer
  • 29 is a pressure vessel top cover loading and unloading material The hole corresponds to the position.
  • Fig. 6 30 is a cone head; 31 is a bulb; 32 is a bracket.
  • the regular bed modular high temperature gas cooled reactor proposed by the invention has the structure shown in FIG. 1 and includes a fuel ball core 6 and 21.
  • the graphite block reflection layers 19 and 20 are placed in a steel pressure vessel 9; the cores 6 and 21 are placed in a cavity formed by the graphite block reflection layers 19 and 20, and the core is a solid column 21, as shown in Fig. Shown, or hollow column 6, as shown in Figure la, the core and graphite block reflective layer is placed in the ruthenium.
  • the control rod 7 or the absorbing pellet 4 is placed in the graphite reflective layers 19 and 20; it is characterized in that the fuel spheres 25 are arranged in a square on a horizontal plane in the cavity of the graphite reflective layer, and the depression formed at the center of each of the four balls becomes the next one.
  • the position of the layer ball, the layer is accumulated to form a regular bed, and the lower end of the regular bed is a graphite reflection layer.
  • the center distance of adjacent fuel balls on any horizontal surface of the regular bed is D, 1. 03d ⁇ D ⁇ 1. 21d, where d is the fuel ball 25
  • the diameter forms a through hole 22 penetrating the core up and down between the fuel balls.
  • the core when the core is a solid column 21, there are two kinds of surfaces of the graphite block reflective layer on the core side wall, the first type is a plane 23, and the second type Vertical projection ribs 28 or bosses are distributed on the plane 24, and the horizontal spacing between the ribs or the projections is the center distance D of the fuel ball, and the first type of flat surface and the second type of plane 24 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the normal angle of the plane is 45 degrees
  • the core surrounded by the side wall is a quasi-octagonal, polygonal or quasi-circular column, as shown in FIG.
  • the core when the core is a hollow column shape 6, there are two kinds of surfaces of the graphite block reflection layer on the inner and outer sidewalls of the core, and the first type is a plane 23,
  • the two types are vertical projection ribs 28 or bosses distributed on the plane 24, and the horizontal spacing between the ribs or the bosses is the center distance D of the fuel balls, and the first plane 23 and the second plane 24 are spaced apart from each other,
  • the normal angle of the plane is 45 degrees
  • the core section surrounded by the side wall is a ring-shaped quasi-octagon, a ring-shaped polygon or a ring-shaped quasi-circle, as shown in FIG.
  • the surface of the graphite reflective layer cavity bottom plate 26 is a plane, and a depression 27, a boss or a square mesh corresponding to the square arrangement of the fuel balls is distributed on the plane. grid.
  • the graphite block reflective layer adjacent to the core fuel ball may be graphite balls 5, 8, 17, 18.
  • a loading and unloading hole 14 corresponding to the annular core is opened on the top of the pressure vessel.
  • the invention also proposes a fuel ball arrangement method for a regular bed modular type air-cooled gas-cooled reactor. As shown in FIG. 7a, 2 to 5 first fuel-burning depth fuel balls are arranged in the inner region C of the annular core. The outer zone A is provided with 2 to 5 fuel balls of the second fuel consumption depth, and the central zone B is provided with the remaining fuel balls of the third fuel consumption depth.
  • the core fuel ball adopts a batch refueling operation mode of all loading and one discharging at a time, and each Each ball has a fixed position.
  • the three radial directions of B, C, C Partitioning as shown in Figure 7a, deliver fuel balls of different burnup depths to achieve lower maximum fuel temperatures and higher power output.
  • the loading and unloading of the fuel balls in the design of the present invention is accomplished by openings in the top of the pressure vessel.
  • eight holes are provided.
  • the top opening corresponds to the center position 29 of the one-eighth annular core, and the ball discharger 11 is operated by the top opening.
  • the cone head 30 of the ball unloader 11 is rotated and lowered, the air flow through the ball tube 31 allows the balls to be conveyed one by one.
  • the regular bed reactor core designed by the present invention is a "crystallized" structure with flexibility and stability, both from internal temperature and pressure fluctuations, temperature and radiation caused by fuel spheres and structural materials.
  • the finite deformation, or the strong influence from the outside (such as earthquakes) will not cause changes in the density and regular arrangement of the core ball bed, and will not have a reactive effect.
  • This adaptability and stability allows the coolant to pass through the core from different directions, while existing pebble bed stacks only allow flow from top to bottom that coincides with the ball's own direction of gravity.
  • a regular bed allows a single vertical flow to be multi-process, such as moving up and down from the center, or from top to bottom (left in Figure la), or horizontally, as from the periphery of the ring core to the center ( Figure la right). Both multi-flow and horizontal flow can significantly reduce the flow resistance of the ball bed, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency.
  • the design of the invention allows the graphite block reflective layer adjacent to the fuel sphere to be composed of graphite spheres of the same diameter as the fuel sphere, for example:
  • Part of the upper and lower reflective layers may be composed of graphite spheres 5 and 8, which do not affect the vertical flow of the coolant (Fig. ).
  • part of the inner and outer reflective layers of the annular core may also be composed of graphite balls 17 and 18 (Fig. la right and Figs. 5c and d). Because the graphite reflective layer adjacent to the core region is exposed to strong fast neutrons, it is necessary to consider replacing the graphite block during the reactor operating life.
  • the graphite ball In the fast neutron strong irradiation area, the graphite ball is used as the reflective layer, which can reduce or avoid the replacement of the graphite block and improve the utilization rate of the reactor.
  • the graphite ball and the fuel ball need to be unloaded and loaded at the same time, increasing the number of loading and unloading of each ball.
  • the separator 16 is composed of a perforated plate 34 and a thin bundle 33.
  • the hole on the perforated plate is larger than the diameter of the ball, and the lower end of the thin bundle is inserted into the inter-ball through hole 22 to radially isolate the core into a plurality of zones.
  • the separator is lifted up to a new position to ensure that different fuel balls or graphite balls can be added in the radial direction as the axial packing increases.
  • the regular bed reactor designed by the present invention can also be loaded with a visible light source or a certain radiation source in a pressure vessel and loaded into a detector to perform scanning monitoring during the formation of a regular bed.
  • a visible light source or a certain radiation source in a pressure vessel and loaded into a detector to perform scanning monitoring during the formation of a regular bed.
  • This Local vibration methods such as local airflow impact, separator vibration or falling ball impact can be used.
  • the irregular ball has a strong self-healing ability, and it is easy to restore the regular arrangement. Scanning monitoring is carried out to ensure that the rules are stacked smoothly.
  • the core dimensions of one embodiment of the modular air-cooled gas cooled reactor of the present invention are as follows: As shown in Figure 2b, the fuel ball diameter d is 60 awake and the fuel ball center distance D is 70 mm. As shown in Fig. 5a, the quasi-octagonal ring core has an outer plane size of 4610 and an inner plane size of 2950. The equivalent outer diameter is 4790 legs and the equivalent inner diameter is 3010 mm. The core height is 8003 ran, and 513,064 fuel balls are loaded. As shown on the left of Figure la, the heights of the upper and lower graphite ball reflectors 8 and 5 are 610 ram, and a total of 78,264 graphite balls are loaded.
  • the modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is designed with the inherent safety of relying on heat transfer and heat radiation to dissipate heat through the pressure vessel in an accidental state where the coolant is lost, keeping the maximum temperature of the fuel not exceeding 1600 degrees.
  • the embodiment of the regular bed modular tempering air cooled reactor of the present invention will have the main advantages of a spherical fuel element, with less coolant flow resistance and over existing ball bed stacks and blocks. The maximum heat power of the pile makes it more economically competitive.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, de manière générale la technologie des réacteurs nucléaires, et plus précisément un réacteur à température élevée refroidi au gaz, modulaire à lit régulier et son procédé de disposition de galets de combustible. On insuffle de l'hélium à l'intérieur du réflecteur à bloc de graphite du réacteur et on y place la barre de commande et le petit galet absorbant. On place des galets de combustible au niveau de la cavité creuse du réflecteur, sous forme d'un réseau carré, la cellule chaude centrale formée par quatre galets servant d'emplacement du galet de seconde couche de manière à former un lit régulier. Les extrémités supérieure et inférieure du lit sont des réflecteurs à bloc de graphite.
PCT/CN2006/001964 2005-08-26 2006-08-04 Reacteur a temperature elevee, refroidi au gaz, modulaire a lit regulier et son procede de disposition de galets de combustible WO2007022688A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB2005100929733A CN1296939C (zh) 2005-08-26 2005-08-26 规则床模块式高温气冷堆及其燃料球布置方法
CN200510092973.3 2005-08-26

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CN112820430A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 高温气冷堆石墨和碳堆内构件安装建造方法及安装小车
CN113674880A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-11-19 中国核电工程有限公司 一种棱柱式高温气冷堆下反射层、堆芯和高温气冷堆
WO2024098675A1 (fr) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-16 西安热工研究院有限公司 Système de surveillance dr pour granulés de graphite dans un tuyau de transport de granulés d'un système de chargement et de déchargement de combustible htr-pm

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CN103871529B (zh) * 2014-03-26 2016-08-17 清华大学 一种球床式高温气冷堆的底反射层结构
CN108231218B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2023-05-30 安徽中科超核科技有限公司 一种用于核电宝和其它反应堆的非能动停堆保护系统
CN110097989B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2022-11-18 中国辐射防护研究院 一种用于球床高温气冷堆的去石墨粉尘污染方法
CN111370146B (zh) * 2020-03-17 2021-11-23 中国核动力研究设计院 一种适用于球形燃料和高温冷却剂的反应堆结构
CN112309595B (zh) * 2020-11-06 2022-06-14 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种高温气冷堆堆芯分区装料的装置及方法
CN114388151A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-22 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 一种球床反应堆结构
CN114388158A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-22 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 一种模块式高温气冷堆堆顶燃料展平模型

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CN112820430A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-18 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 高温气冷堆石墨和碳堆内构件安装建造方法及安装小车
CN112820430B (zh) * 2019-11-18 2024-05-14 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 高温气冷堆石墨和碳堆内构件安装建造方法及安装小车
CN113674880A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2021-11-19 中国核电工程有限公司 一种棱柱式高温气冷堆下反射层、堆芯和高温气冷堆
CN113674880B (zh) * 2021-07-05 2023-11-14 中国核电工程有限公司 一种棱柱式高温气冷堆下反射层、堆芯和高温气冷堆
WO2024098675A1 (fr) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-16 西安热工研究院有限公司 Système de surveillance dr pour granulés de graphite dans un tuyau de transport de granulés d'un système de chargement et de déchargement de combustible htr-pm

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