WO2007020183A1 - Electric system for a hybrid vehicle comprising safety-critical consumers - Google Patents

Electric system for a hybrid vehicle comprising safety-critical consumers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007020183A1
WO2007020183A1 PCT/EP2006/064866 EP2006064866W WO2007020183A1 WO 2007020183 A1 WO2007020183 A1 WO 2007020183A1 EP 2006064866 W EP2006064866 W EP 2006064866W WO 2007020183 A1 WO2007020183 A1 WO 2007020183A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
board network
consumer
standard
electrical system
traction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/064866
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Mueller
Wolfgang Haas
Dirk Hofmann
Richard Aumayer
Herbert Vollert
Hubert Schweiggart
Christoph Wenger
Helmut Suelzle
Uwe Bauer
Michael Merkle
Marcus Abele
Wolfgang Kircher
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2007020183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007020183A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle electrical system for supplying energy to a hybrid vehicle, comprising a traction board network, a standard on-board network and at least one safety-related electrical consumer according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding method according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • Vehicle electrical systems according to the preamble of claim 1 are known from the prior art. They often have a Klauenpolgenerator, a lead-acid battery, a fuse and relay box and a harness for power distribution. A large number of consumers are connected to the cable harness, with most consumers connected permanently and / or switchably, and further consumers can be temporarily connected via a 12 V socket.
  • the complexity of the vehicle wiring system has greatly increased in the past. There are a large number of different components connected over many and often long cable runs nowadays. Furthermore There are a large number of contact points and there are many ways of influencing parts of the vehicle electrical system. From this, the situation may arise that the stable function of the energy supply can no longer be guaranteed. In reality, the implications are that electrical issues are by far the leading causes of breakdown statistics. The problems in the energy supply are particularly severe when possibly the function of safety-relevant, electrical consumers, in particular drive-by-wire, brake-by-wire or steer-by-wire consumption (generally X-by -wire consumers) are affected.
  • a coupling element electrically connecting the load optionally to the traction on-board network and / or the standard on-board network is proposed .
  • traction board network which essentially serves for electric driving.
  • a further possibility according to the invention is provided to supply the consumer with electrical energy.
  • the electrical connection between the consumer and the traction board network and / or the standard on-board network is in particular carried out very directly, that is, there are only a few electrical e elements, ideally only one element or no element at all.
  • the consumer can optionally be connected only to the traction board network or only to the standard on-board network or traction and standard on-board network and even, should this be necessary in a particular situation, be disconnected from traction and standard on-board electrical system.
  • Increased flexibility and power supply redundancy increase reliability while reducing the cost of powering X-by-wire consumables.
  • the consumer is selected from the group consisting of electric steering, electromechanical steering, electric brake and electromechanical brake. These are particularly safety-relevant consumers whose power supply must be permanently ensured.
  • the consumer is arranged in a sub-board network of the vehicle electrical system with an electrical memory and is in particular connected in parallel to the memory.
  • the electrical memory may in particular comprise an accumulator and / or a capacitor. It is advantageous if the coupling element has a voltage position matching device. In this way, the flow of energy through the coupling element, in particular in the direction of the consumer, can be influenced. In addition, erroneous energy flows from the traction and / or standard on-board network in the direction of the consumer can be prevented.
  • the coupling element to a DC / DC converter which is connected on one side with the traction board network and on the other side with the consumer. It is a cheap and effective way to control the flow of energy between the traction board network and the consumer.
  • the coupling element to a DC / DC converter which is connected on one side with the standard on-board network and on the other side with the consumer. Again, the good adjustability of the desired energy flows.
  • the DC / DC converter is electrically isolated. Such a separation of the various parts of the vehicle electrical system reduces or eliminates the transmission of disturbances in one part into another part.
  • the traction power supply system has an energy store. Then this energy storage can also be used to supply the consumer.
  • the energy store has at least two electrically connected memory elements or memory blocks, and the DC / DC converter for the traction on-board network is connected to a memory element or memory block.
  • the energy store in particular an accumulator, consists of a certain number of storage elements (individual cells), the number of which results from the desired nominal voltage. For example, a total voltage of approximately 200 V can result from a series connection of 10 memory elements, each with 20 V.
  • Several memory elements can be understood physically or logically as memory blocks.
  • memory blocks with a total voltage of 40 V, 60 V, 80 V, 100 V, 120 V, 140 V, 160 V, 180 V and 200 V can result in the example mentioned.
  • the nominal voltage of such a memory element or memory block is regularly smaller than the rated voltage of the entire energy storage and depending on the type and number of individual cells. It is also possible to form a plurality of memory blocks in an energy store. If the DC / DC converter for the traction power supply is now connected to such a memory element or to such a memory block, then there is an easy way to feed the consumer, in particular as an emergency supply.
  • the DC / DC converter is preferably designed to be electrically isolated and provided with switching elements in order to ensure a decoupling of the memory elements or blocks from the consumer during a fault-free normal operation.
  • a DC / DC converter is connected to a plurality of memory elements or memory blocks.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a vehicle electrical system with a traction board network, a standard on-board network and at least one safety-relevant electrical consumer, which is electrically connected to the standard onboard network, according to the invention, the consumer is optionally electrically connected to the traction board network and / or the standard on-board network.
  • the electrical connection should be understood as meaning, in particular, an almost immediate connection, in order to interpose as few elements as possible, which could suffer a defect.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a vehicle electrical system for powering a hybrid vehicle
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a vehicle electrical system
  • Figure 3 is a detail view of the second embodiment. Description of the embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows a vehicle electrical system 10 for powering a hybrid vehicle, not shown.
  • the on-board vehicle network 10 is simplified for better understanding in a traction board network 12, a standard on-board network 14, a sub-board network 16 and a coupling element 18 divided.
  • the traction board network 12 has at least one electric machine 20 and a corresponding pulse-change rectifier 22. By means of the dashed lines is indicated that also other electrical machines and pulse inverters can be present.
  • an electrical memory 24 (or, more generally, any combination of electrical memories) is used in the traction board network 12.
  • the traction board 12 is associated with a potential-separated, first DC / DC converter 25, which provides the electrical connection between the traction board network 12 and the standard on-board network 14.
  • accumulators for example nickel metal hydride
  • capacitors for example Supercap
  • the voltage level of the traction power supply 12 is above the voltage level of the standard on-board network 14, which contains here only symbolically other elements next to the vehicle battery 26.
  • a safety-relevant load 28 here an electric steering 30, arranged parallel to an electrical memory 32.
  • the coupling element 18 has a potential-separated, second DC / DC converter 34, which controls the electrical connection between the traction power supply 12 and the sub-board network 16 manufactures.
  • the coupling element 18 has a third DC / DC converter 36, via which the electrical connection between the standard on-board network 14 and the sub-board network 16 is established.
  • the sub-board network 16 In normal operation, the sub-board network 16, ie in particular the consumer 28, fed from the standard on-board network 14.
  • the energy is provided by the vehicle battery 26, which in turn is fed from the traction board network 12 (possibly also from additional sources).
  • the second DC / DC converter 34 If a situation now arises in which the power supply of the load 28 can no longer be ensured by the standard on-board network 14, then the second DC / DC converter 34 is switched in such a way that an energy flow from the traction on-board network 12 is established in the partial on-board network 16. If the problem encountered is a significant disturbance from the standard on-board network 14, then the standard on-board network 14 can be decoupled from the sub-network 16. The supply of the sub-board network 16 is then exclusively from the traction board 12.
  • FIG. 1 A second embodiment of a vehicle electrical system 10 is shown in FIG. Since this is essentially the structure known from FIG. 1 and the same reference symbols have been used with the same meaning, reference is made to the statements relating to FIG. 1 for the basic function.
  • the peculiarity of Figure 2 is that the second DC / DC converter 34 no longer picks up the total voltage of the traction board network 12, but a partial voltage. The relevant area is indicated here by a dot-dash line.
  • FIG. 2 An enlarged detail of the relevant difference between FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the energy store 24 has six memory elements 38 by way of example, wherein the two memory elements marked here should be understood as memory blocks 40.
  • the second DC / DC converter 34 now picks up the voltage of a memory block 40 and can in particular cause an emergency supply to the load 28.
  • the consumer supply can be extended to several circuits or several consumers depending on the memory.
  • the invention increases the flexibility of the power supply and provides redundancy that increases the reliability of the supply of x-by-wire consumption.

Abstract

The invention relates to a electric system (10) for supplying power to a hybrid vehicle. Said electric system (10) comprises a traction electric system (12), a standard electric system (14), at least one safety-relevant, electrical consumer (28) which is electrically connected to the standard electric system (14), and at least one coupling element (18) that alternatively connects the consumer (28) in an electrical manner to the traction electric system (12) and/or the standard electric system (14). The invention further relates to a corresponding method for operating a vehicle electric system (10).

Description

Bordnetz eines Hybridfahrzeugs mit sicherheitskritischen VerbrauchernOn-board network of a hybrid vehicle with safety-critical consumers
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeugbordnetz zur Energieversorgung eines Hybridfahrzeugs, mit einem Traktionsbordnetz, einem Standardbordnetz und mindestens einem sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbraucher gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des An- Spruchs 11.The invention relates to a vehicle electrical system for supplying energy to a hybrid vehicle, comprising a traction board network, a standard on-board network and at least one safety-related electrical consumer according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding method according to the preamble of claim 11.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Fahrzeugbordnetze gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie weisen dabei häufig einen Klauenpolgenerator, eine Blei-Säure-Batterie, eine Sicherungs- und Relaisbox und einen Kabelbaum zur Energieverteilung auf. An den Kabelbaum sind eine Vielzahl von Verbrauchern angeschlossen, wobei die meisten Verbraucher dauerhaft und/oder schaltbar ange- schlössen sind und weitere Verbraucher über eine 12 V-Steckdose temporär angeschlossen werden können. Die Komplexität der Fahrzeugbordnetze hat sich in der Vergangenheit stark erhöht. Es sind heutzutage über viele und oftmals lange Kabelstrecken eine große Anzahl verschiedener Komponenten angeschlossen. Des Weiteren besteht eine große Zahl von Kontaktstellen und bestehen vielfältige Einflussmöglichkeiten, die Teile des Fahrzeugbordnetzes stören können. Daraus kann sich die Situation ergeben, dass die stabile Funktion der Energieversorgung nicht mehr garantiert werden kann. In der Realität zeigen sich die Auswirkungen dahingehend, dass e- lektrische Probleme mit weitem Abstand die Liste der Ursachen in Pannenstatistiken anführen. Die Probleme in der Energieversorgung sind besonders dann sehr schwerwiegend, wenn möglicherweise die Funktion von sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbrauchern, ins- besondere drive-by-wire-, brake-by-wire- oder steer-by-wire- Verbrauchem (allgemein X-by-wire-Verbraucher) betroffen sind.Vehicle electrical systems according to the preamble of claim 1 are known from the prior art. They often have a Klauenpolgenerator, a lead-acid battery, a fuse and relay box and a harness for power distribution. A large number of consumers are connected to the cable harness, with most consumers connected permanently and / or switchably, and further consumers can be temporarily connected via a 12 V socket. The complexity of the vehicle wiring system has greatly increased in the past. There are a large number of different components connected over many and often long cable runs nowadays. Furthermore There are a large number of contact points and there are many ways of influencing parts of the vehicle electrical system. From this, the situation may arise that the stable function of the energy supply can no longer be guaranteed. In reality, the implications are that electrical issues are by far the leading causes of breakdown statistics. The problems in the energy supply are particularly severe when possibly the function of safety-relevant, electrical consumers, in particular drive-by-wire, brake-by-wire or steer-by-wire consumption (generally X-by -wire consumers) are affected.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Bei einem Fahrzeugbordnetz zur Energieversorgung eines Hybridfahrzeugs, mit einem Traktionsbordnetz, einem Standardbordnetz und mindestens einem sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbraucher, der mit dem Standardbordnetz elektrisch verbunden ist, wird erfindungsgemäß ein den Verbraucher wahlweise mit dem Trakti- onsbordnetz und/oder dem Standardbordnetz elektrisch verbindendes Koppelelement vorgeschlagen. In Hybridfahrzeugen existiert neben einem Standardbordnetz, insbesondere einem konventionellen 14 V-Bordnetz, ein so genanntes Traktionsbordnetz, welches im Wesentlichen dem elektrischen Fahren dient. In diesem Traktions- bordnetz wird erfindungsgemäß eine weitere Möglichkeit gesehen, den Verbraucher mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen. Die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Verbraucher und dem Traktionsbordnetz und/oder dem Standardbordnetz ist dabei insbesondere sehr direkt ausgeführt, das heißt, es sind nur wenige elektrische E- lemente zwischengeschaltet, idealerweise nur ein Element oder gar kein Element. Der Verbraucher kann dabei wahlweise nur mit dem Traktionsbordnetz oder nur mit dem Standardbordnetz oder mit Traktions- und Standardbordnetz verbunden werden und sogar, soll- te dies in einer besonderen Situation erforderlich sein, von Traktions- und Standardbordnetz abgekoppelt werden. Aufgrund der gesteigerten Flexibilität und der Schaffung einer Redundanz bei der Energieversorgung wird die Zuverlässigkeit bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Zusatzkosten zur Versorgung von X-by-wire-Verbrauchem er- höht.In a vehicle electrical system for powering a hybrid vehicle, with a traction board network, a standard on-board network and at least one safety-relevant electrical consumer, which is electrically connected to the standard on-board network, according to the invention a coupling element electrically connecting the load optionally to the traction on-board network and / or the standard on-board network is proposed , In hybrid vehicles in addition to a standard on-board network, in particular a conventional 14 V electrical system, there is a so-called traction board network, which essentially serves for electric driving. In this traction power system, a further possibility according to the invention is provided to supply the consumer with electrical energy. The electrical connection between the consumer and the traction board network and / or the standard on-board network is in particular carried out very directly, that is, there are only a few electrical e elements, ideally only one element or no element at all. The consumer can optionally be connected only to the traction board network or only to the standard on-board network or traction and standard on-board network and even, should this be necessary in a particular situation, be disconnected from traction and standard on-board electrical system. Increased flexibility and power supply redundancy increase reliability while reducing the cost of powering X-by-wire consumables.
Vorteilhafterweise ist der Verbraucher aus der Gruppe bestehend aus elektrischer Lenkung, elektromechanischer Lenkung, elektrischer Bremse und elektromechanischer Bremse ausgewählt. Dabei handelt es sich um besonders sicherheitsrelevante Verbraucher, deren Energieversorgung permanent sichergestellt sein muss.Advantageously, the consumer is selected from the group consisting of electric steering, electromechanical steering, electric brake and electromechanical brake. These are particularly safety-relevant consumers whose power supply must be permanently ensured.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Verbraucher in einem Teilbordnetz des Fahrzeugbordnetzes mit einem elektrischen Speicher angeordnet und ist insbesondere parallel zu dem Speicher geschaltet. Auf diese Weise kann eine zumindest temporär autarke Energieversorgung des Verbrauchers bereitgestellt werden, da selbst beim Fehlen eines Energieflusses aus dem Traktionsbordnetz und dem Standardbordnetz der Verbraucher aus dem elektrischen Speicher gespeist werden kann. Der elektrische Speicher kann insbesondere einen Akkumulator und/oder einen Kondensator aufweisen. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn das Koppelelement eine Spannungslagean- passungsvorrichtung aufweist. Auf diese Weise kann der Energie- fluss durch das Koppelelement, dabei insbesondere in Richtung des Verbrauchers, beeinflusst werden. Außerdem können fehlerhafte Energieflüsse aus dem Traktions- und/oder Standardbordnetz in Richtung des Verbrauchers verhindert werden.According to a preferred embodiment, the consumer is arranged in a sub-board network of the vehicle electrical system with an electrical memory and is in particular connected in parallel to the memory. In this way, an at least temporarily self-sufficient energy supply of the consumer can be provided, since even in the absence of an energy flow from the traction board and the standard on-board network, the consumer can be fed from the electrical storage. The electrical memory may in particular comprise an accumulator and / or a capacitor. It is advantageous if the coupling element has a voltage position matching device. In this way, the flow of energy through the coupling element, in particular in the direction of the consumer, can be influenced. In addition, erroneous energy flows from the traction and / or standard on-board network in the direction of the consumer can be prevented.
Bei einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist das Koppelelement einen DC/DC-Wandler auf, der auf einer Seite mit dem Traktionsbord- netz und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Verbraucher verbunden ist. Dabei handelt es sich um eine preiswerte und effektive Möglichkeit, den Energiefluss zwischen Traktionsbordnetz und Verbraucher zu steuern.In a further development of the invention, the coupling element to a DC / DC converter, which is connected on one side with the traction board network and on the other side with the consumer. It is a cheap and effective way to control the flow of energy between the traction board network and the consumer.
Mit Vorteil weist das Koppelelement einen DC/DC-Wandler auf, der auf einer Seite mit dem Standardbordnetz und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Verbraucher verbunden ist. Auch hier ergibt sich die gute Einstellbarkeit der gewünschten Energieflüsse.Advantageously, the coupling element to a DC / DC converter, which is connected on one side with the standard on-board network and on the other side with the consumer. Again, the good adjustability of the desired energy flows.
Bevorzugt ist es zudem, dass der DC/DC-Wandler potentialgetrennt ist. Durch eine derartige Trennung der verschiedenen Teile des Fahrzeugbordnetzes wird die Übertragung von Störungen in einem Teil in einen anderen Teil hinein verringert oder unterbunden.It is also preferred that the DC / DC converter is electrically isolated. Such a separation of the various parts of the vehicle electrical system reduces or eliminates the transmission of disturbances in one part into another part.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist das Traktionsbordnetz einen Energiespeicher auf. Dann kann dieser Energiespeicher auch zur Versorgung des Verbrauchers herangezogen werden. Vorteilhafterweise weist der Energiespeicher mindestens zwei elektrisch verbundene Speicherelemente oder Speicherblöcke auf und ist der DC/DC-Wandler für das Traktionsbordnetz mit einem Speicherelement oder Speicherblock verbunden. Der Energiespeicher, ins- besondere ein Akkumulator, besteht aus einer bestimmten Anzahl von Speicherelementen (Einzelzellen), deren Anzahl sich aus der gewünschten Nennspannung ergibt. So kann sich beispielsweise eine Gesamtspannung von ca. 200 V aus einer Reihenschaltung von 10 Speicherelementen mit jeweils 20 V ergeben. Mehrere Speicher- elemente können physikalisch oder logisch als Speicherblöcke verstanden werden. Im genannten Beispiel können sich also Speicherblöcke mit einer Gesamtspannung von 40 V, 60 V, 80 V, 100 V, 120 V, 140 V, 160 V, 180 V und 200 V ergeben. Die Nennspannung eines solchen Speicherelements oder Speicherblocks ist regelmäßig kleiner als die Nennspannung des gesamten Energiespeichers und abhängig von der Art und der Anzahl der Einzelzellen. Es können auch mehrere Speicherblöcke in einem Energiespeicher gebildet werden. Wird der DC/DC-Wandler für das Traktionsbordnetz nun an ein solches Speicherelement oder an einem solchen Speicherblock angeschlossen, so ergibt sich eine einfache Möglichkeit, den Verbraucher zu speisen, insbesondere als Notversorgung. Um den Verbraucher im Notfall über ein Speicherelement oder einen Speicherblock zu versorgen, wird der DC/DC-Wandler vorzugsweise potentialgetrennt ausgeführt und mit Schaltelementen versehen, um eine Abkopplung der Speicherelemente beziehungsweise -blocke von dem Verbraucher während eines fehlerfreien Normalbetriebs sicherzustellen. Mit Vorteil ist an mehrere Speicherelemente oder Speicherblöcke jeweils ein DC/DC-Wandler angeschlossen. Dadurch lässt sich der Verbraucher über mehrere DC/DC-Wandler redundant versorgen oder lassen sich mehrere Verbraucher jeweils einzeln oder kombi- niert von mehreren DC/DC-Wandlem speisen.According to one embodiment of the invention, the traction power supply system has an energy store. Then this energy storage can also be used to supply the consumer. Advantageously, the energy store has at least two electrically connected memory elements or memory blocks, and the DC / DC converter for the traction on-board network is connected to a memory element or memory block. The energy store, in particular an accumulator, consists of a certain number of storage elements (individual cells), the number of which results from the desired nominal voltage. For example, a total voltage of approximately 200 V can result from a series connection of 10 memory elements, each with 20 V. Several memory elements can be understood physically or logically as memory blocks. Thus, memory blocks with a total voltage of 40 V, 60 V, 80 V, 100 V, 120 V, 140 V, 160 V, 180 V and 200 V can result in the example mentioned. The nominal voltage of such a memory element or memory block is regularly smaller than the rated voltage of the entire energy storage and depending on the type and number of individual cells. It is also possible to form a plurality of memory blocks in an energy store. If the DC / DC converter for the traction power supply is now connected to such a memory element or to such a memory block, then there is an easy way to feed the consumer, in particular as an emergency supply. In order to supply the consumer in the event of an emergency via a memory element or a memory block, the DC / DC converter is preferably designed to be electrically isolated and provided with switching elements in order to ensure a decoupling of the memory elements or blocks from the consumer during a fault-free normal operation. Advantageously, a DC / DC converter is connected to a plurality of memory elements or memory blocks. As a result, the load can be redundantly supplied via several DC / DC converters, or several consumers can be fed individually or in combination with several DC / DC converters.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes mit einem Traktionsbordnetz, einem Standardbordnetz und mindestens einem sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbraucher, der mit dem Standardbordnetz elektrisch verbunden ist, wobei erfindungsgemäß der Verbraucher wahlweise mit dem Traktionsbordnetz und/oder dem Standardbordnetz elektrisch verbunden wird. Auch hier ist unter der elektrischen Verbindung insbesondere eine nahezu unmittelbare Verbindung zu verstehen, um möglichst wenig Elemente, die einen Defekt erleiden könnten, zwischenzuschalten.The invention further relates to a method for operating a vehicle electrical system with a traction board network, a standard on-board network and at least one safety-relevant electrical consumer, which is electrically connected to the standard onboard network, according to the invention, the consumer is optionally electrically connected to the traction board network and / or the standard on-board network. Here, too, the electrical connection should be understood as meaning, in particular, an almost immediate connection, in order to interpose as few elements as possible, which could suffer a defect.
Zeichnungendrawings
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigenThe invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments. Show it
Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes zur Energieversorgung eines Hybridfahrzeugs,1 shows a first embodiment of a vehicle electrical system for powering a hybrid vehicle,
Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes, undFigure 2 shows a second embodiment of a vehicle electrical system, and
Figur 3 eine Detailansicht des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels. Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleFigure 3 is a detail view of the second embodiment. Description of the embodiments
Figur 1 zeigt ein Fahrzeugbordnetz 10 zur Energieversorgung eines nicht näher dargestellten Hybridfahrzeugs. Das Fahrzeugbordnetz 10 ist zum besseren Verständnis vereinfacht in ein Traktionsbordnetz 12, ein Standardbordnetz 14, ein Teilbordnetz 16 und in ein Koppelelement 18 aufgeteilt. Das Traktionsbordnetz 12 weist mindestens eine elektrische Maschine 20 und einen entsprechenden Pulswechselgleichrichter 22 auf. Mittels der gestrichelten Linien ist angedeutet, dass auch weitere elektrische Maschinen und Pulswechselrichter vorhanden sein können. Des Weiteren wird ein elektrischer Speicher 24 (beziehungsweise allgemein eine beliebige Kombination von elektrischen Speichern) in dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 verwendet. Außerdem ist dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 ein potentialgetrennter, erster DC/DC-Wandler 25 zugeordnet, der die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 und dem Standardbordnetz 14 bereitstellt. Dabei können vorzugsweise Akkumulatoren (zum Beispiel Nickelmetallhydrid) oder Kondensatoren (zum Beispiel Supercap) eingesetzt werden. Die Spannungslage des Traktionsbordnetzes 12 liegt über der Spannungslage des Standardbordnetzes 14, welches hier neben der Fahrzeugbatterie 26 lediglich symbolisch weitere Elemente enthält. Im Teilbordnetz 16 ist ein sicherheitsrelevanter Verbraucher 28, hier eine elektrische Lenkung 30, parallel zu einem elektrischen Speicher 32 angeordnet. Mittels der gestrichelten Linie wird angedeutet, dass auch weitere elektrische Speicher vorhanden sein können. Das Koppelelement 18 weist einen potentialgetrennten, zweiten DC/DC-Wandler 34 auf, der die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 und dem Teilbordnetz 16 herstellt. Ferner verfügt das Koppelelement 18 über einen dritten DC/DC-Wandler 36, über den die elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Standardbordnetz 14 und dem Teilbordnetz 16 hergestellt wird.Figure 1 shows a vehicle electrical system 10 for powering a hybrid vehicle, not shown. The on-board vehicle network 10 is simplified for better understanding in a traction board network 12, a standard on-board network 14, a sub-board network 16 and a coupling element 18 divided. The traction board network 12 has at least one electric machine 20 and a corresponding pulse-change rectifier 22. By means of the dashed lines is indicated that also other electrical machines and pulse inverters can be present. Furthermore, an electrical memory 24 (or, more generally, any combination of electrical memories) is used in the traction board network 12. In addition, the traction board 12 is associated with a potential-separated, first DC / DC converter 25, which provides the electrical connection between the traction board network 12 and the standard on-board network 14. In this case, preferably accumulators (for example nickel metal hydride) or capacitors (for example Supercap) can be used. The voltage level of the traction power supply 12 is above the voltage level of the standard on-board network 14, which contains here only symbolically other elements next to the vehicle battery 26. In the sub-board network 16 is a safety-relevant load 28, here an electric steering 30, arranged parallel to an electrical memory 32. By means of the dashed line is indicated that also more electrical storage can be present. The coupling element 18 has a potential-separated, second DC / DC converter 34, which controls the electrical connection between the traction power supply 12 and the sub-board network 16 manufactures. Furthermore, the coupling element 18 has a third DC / DC converter 36, via which the electrical connection between the standard on-board network 14 and the sub-board network 16 is established.
Im Normalbetrieb wird das Teilbordnetz 16, also insbesondere der Verbraucher 28, aus dem Standardbordnetz 14 gespeist. Die Energie wird von der Fahrzeugbatterie 26 bereitgestellt, die wiederum aus dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 (gegebenenfalls auch noch aus zu- sätzlichen Quellen) gespeist wird. Tritt nun eine Situation ein, in der die Energieversorgung des Verbrauchers 28 durch das Standardbordnetz 14 nicht mehr sichergestellt werden kann, so wird der zweite DC/DC-Wandler 34 derart geschaltet, dass sich ein Energiefluss aus dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 in das Teilbordnetz 16 einstellt. Sollte es sich bei dem aufgetretenen Problem um eine erhebliche Störung aus dem Standardbordnetz 14 handeln, so kann das Standardbordnetz 14 vom Teilbordnetz 16 abgekoppelt werden. Die Speisung des Teilbordnetzes 16 erfolgt dann ausschließlich aus dem Traktionsbordnetz 12. Sollte nun außerdem eine Fehlfunktion im Traktions- bordnetz 12 auftreten, so kann auch das Traktionsbordnetz 12 vom Teilbordnetz 16 abgekoppelt werden. In diesem Fall wird der Verbraucher 28 autark aus dem Speicher 32 gespeist, der während des Normalbetriebs geladen wurde. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Speisung aus dem Traktionsbordnetz 12 sowohl durch die elekt- rische Maschine 20 im Generatorbetrieb als auch durch den Energiespeicher 24 erfolgen kann. Durch die redundante Auslegung und die vorteilhafte Nutzung des Traktionsbordnetzes 12 ist die Energieversorgung des Verbrauchers 28 zuverlässig sichergestellt. Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes 10 ist in der Figur 2 dargestellt. Da es sich dabei im Wesentlichen um den aus der Figur 1 bekannten Aufbau handelt und gleiche Bezugszeichen mit gleicher Bedeutung weiterverwendet wurden, wird für die grundlegende Funktion auf die Ausführungen zur Figur 1 verwiesen. Die Besonderheit der Figur 2 liegt darin, dass der zweite DC/DC- Wandler 34 nicht mehr die Gesamtspannung des Traktionsbordnetzes 12, sondern eine Teilspannung abgreift. Auf den betreffenden Bereich wird hier mittels einer strichpunktierten Linie hingewiesen.In normal operation, the sub-board network 16, ie in particular the consumer 28, fed from the standard on-board network 14. The energy is provided by the vehicle battery 26, which in turn is fed from the traction board network 12 (possibly also from additional sources). If a situation now arises in which the power supply of the load 28 can no longer be ensured by the standard on-board network 14, then the second DC / DC converter 34 is switched in such a way that an energy flow from the traction on-board network 12 is established in the partial on-board network 16. If the problem encountered is a significant disturbance from the standard on-board network 14, then the standard on-board network 14 can be decoupled from the sub-network 16. The supply of the sub-board network 16 is then exclusively from the traction board 12. If now also a malfunction in the traction board 12 occur, so the traction board 12 can be decoupled from the sub-board 16. In this case, the load 28 is self-powered from the memory 32 which has been charged during normal operation. It should be noted that the supply from the traction power supply 12 can be effected both by the electric machine 20 in the generator mode and by the energy store 24. Due to the redundant design and the advantageous use of the traction power supply 12, the power supply of the load 28 is reliably ensured. A second embodiment of a vehicle electrical system 10 is shown in FIG. Since this is essentially the structure known from FIG. 1 and the same reference symbols have been used with the same meaning, reference is made to the statements relating to FIG. 1 for the basic function. The peculiarity of Figure 2 is that the second DC / DC converter 34 no longer picks up the total voltage of the traction board network 12, but a partial voltage. The relevant area is indicated here by a dot-dash line.
Eine Detailvergrößerung des maßgeblichen Unterschieds zwischen der Figur 2 und der Figur 1 ist in der Figur 3 dargestellt. Es wird dabei verdeutlicht, dass der Energiespeicher 24 hier beispielhaft sechs Speicherelemente 38 aufweist, wobei hier die jeweils zwei gekenn- zeichneten Speicherelemente als Speicherblöcke 40 verstanden werden sollen. Der zweite DC/DC-Wandler 34 greift nunmehr die Spannung eines Speicherblocks 40 ab und kann insbesondere eine Notversorgung des Verbrauchers 28 bewirken. Mittels der punktierten Linie ist angedeutet, dass die Verbraucherversorgung speicher- abhängig auf mehrere Kreise beziehungsweise mehrere Verbraucher 28 erweitert werden kann.An enlarged detail of the relevant difference between FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. In this case, it is made clear that the energy store 24 has six memory elements 38 by way of example, wherein the two memory elements marked here should be understood as memory blocks 40. The second DC / DC converter 34 now picks up the voltage of a memory block 40 and can in particular cause an emergency supply to the load 28. By means of the dotted line it is indicated that the consumer supply can be extended to several circuits or several consumers depending on the memory.
Die Erfindung steigert die Flexibilität der Energieversorgung und schafft Redundanzen, die die Zuverlässigkeit der Versorgung von X- by-wire-Verbrauchem erhöht. The invention increases the flexibility of the power supply and provides redundancy that increases the reliability of the supply of x-by-wire consumption.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) zur Energieversorgung eines Hybridfahrzeugs, mit einem Traktionsbordnetz (12), einem Standardbordnetz (14) und mindestens einem sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbraucher (28), der mit dem Standardbordnetz (14) elektrisch ver- bunden ist, gekennzeichnet durch ein den Verbraucher (28) wahlweise mit dem Traktionsbordnetz (12) und/oder dem Standardbordnetz (14) elektrisch verbindendes Koppelelement (18).A vehicle electrical system (10) for powering a hybrid vehicle, comprising a traction board network (12), a standard on-board network (14) and at least one safety-related electrical consumer (28) electrically connected to the standard on-board network (14), characterized by the consumer (28) optionally with the traction board network (12) and / or the standard on-board network (14) electrically connecting coupling element (18).
2. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass der Verbraucher (28) aus der Gruppe bestehend aus e- lektrischer Lenkung (30), elektromechanischer Lenkung, elektrischer Bremse und elektromechanischer Bremse ausgewählt ist.2. vehicle electrical system (10) according to claim 1, marked thereby, that the consumer (28) from the group consisting of e-lektrischer steering (30), electromechanical steering, electric brake and electromechanical brake is selected.
3. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü- che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbraucher (28) in einem3. vehicle electrical system (10) according to one of the preceding claims che, characterized in that the consumer (28) in a
Teilbordnetz (16) des Fahrzeugbordnetzes (10) mit einem elektrischen Speicher (32) angeordnet ist und insbesondere parallel zu dem Speicher (32) geschaltet ist.Part-board network (16) of the vehicle electrical system (10) with an electrical memory (32) is arranged and in particular connected in parallel to the memory (32).
4. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Koppelelement (18) eine Spannungslageanpassungsvorrichtung (34,36) aufweist. 4. Vehicle electrical system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element (18) has a voltage adjustment device (34,36).
5. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Koppelelement (18) einen DC/DC-Wandler (34) aufweist, der auf einer Seite mit dem Traktionsbordnetz (12) und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Verbraucher (28) verbunden ist.5. vehicle electrical system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element (18) comprises a DC / DC converter (34) on one side with the traction board network (12) and on the other side with the consumer (28) is connected.
6. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Koppelelement (18) einen DC/DC-Wandler (36) aufweist, der auf einer Seite mit dem Stan- dardbordnetz (14) und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Verbraucher (28) verbunden ist.6. Vehicle electrical system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling element (18) comprises a DC / DC converter (36) on one side with the standard board net (14) and on the other side with the consumer (28) is connected.
7. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der DC/DC-Wandler (34) po- tenzialgetrennt ist.7. vehicle electrical system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the DC / DC converter (34) is potential-separated.
8. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Traktionsbordnetz (12) einen Energiespeicher (24) aufweist.8. vehicle electrical system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction board network (12) has an energy store (24).
9. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher (24) mindestens zwei elektrisch verbundene Speicherelemente (38) oder Speicherblöcke (40) aufweist und der DC/DC-Wandler (34) für das Traktionsbordnetz (12) mit ei- nem Speicherelement (38) oder Speicherblock (40) verbunden ist. 9. Vehicle electrical system (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the energy store (24) has at least two electrically connected memory elements (38) or memory blocks (40) and the DC / DC converter (34) for the traction board network (12) a memory element (38) or memory block (40) is connected.
10. Fahrzeugbordnetz (10) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mehrere Speicherelemente (38) oder Speicherblöcke (40) jeweils ein DC/DC-Wandler (34) angeschlossen ist.10. vehicle electrical system (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that in each case a DC / DC converter (34) is connected to a plurality of memory elements (38) or memory blocks (40).
11. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes (10) mit einem Traktionsbordnetz (12), einem Standardbordnetz (14) und mindestens einem sicherheitsrelevanten, elektrischen Verbraucher (28), der mit dem Standardbordnetz (12) elektrisch verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbraucher (28) wahlweise mit dem Traktionsbordnetz (12) und/oder dem Standardbordnetz (14) elektrisch verbunden wird. 11. A method for operating a vehicle electrical system (10) with a traction board network (12), a standard on-board network (14) and at least one safety-related electrical consumer (28), which is electrically connected to the standard on-board network (12), characterized in that the consumer (28) is optionally electrically connected to the traction board network (12) and / or the standard on-board network (14).
PCT/EP2006/064866 2005-08-18 2006-07-31 Electric system for a hybrid vehicle comprising safety-critical consumers WO2007020183A1 (en)

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