WO2007012804A1 - Fifth wheel coupling - Google Patents

Fifth wheel coupling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007012804A1
WO2007012804A1 PCT/GB2006/002590 GB2006002590W WO2007012804A1 WO 2007012804 A1 WO2007012804 A1 WO 2007012804A1 GB 2006002590 W GB2006002590 W GB 2006002590W WO 2007012804 A1 WO2007012804 A1 WO 2007012804A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupling
trailer
platform
plate
tow vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/002590
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Pistorius
Original Assignee
Albert Pistorius
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albert Pistorius filed Critical Albert Pistorius
Publication of WO2007012804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007012804A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
    • B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
    • B62D53/08—Fifth wheel traction couplings
    • B62D53/0871—Fifth wheel traction couplings with stabilising means, e.g. to prevent jack-knifing, pitching, rolling, buck jumping
    • B62D53/0878—Fifth wheel traction couplings with stabilising means, e.g. to prevent jack-knifing, pitching, rolling, buck jumping the fifth wheel coupling incorporating braking or restraining means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fifth wheel coupling and more especially to a fifth wheel coupling that includes means to limit rotation of the trailer pin relative to the coupling.
  • Fifth wheel couplings are commonly used for attaching a pin of a trailer to a vehicle for towing.
  • Conventional fifth wheel couplings suffer from the disadvantage that, in the event of extreme braking of the vehicle towing the trailer, the trailer pin can rotate to such an extent to cause the trailer to "jack-knife", often with disastrous results.
  • the present invention seeks to alleviate the aforementioned disadvantage by providing a fifth wheel coupling that incorporates electromagnets which energise when rotation of the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle thereby to prevent further rotation of the trailer pin and thus preventing potential jack-knifing of the trailer in respect of the vehicle.
  • a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle, and a platform pivotally mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore for receiving a pin of a trailer, the assembly further comprising means to prevent rotation of the trailer pin when the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle.
  • the rotation prevention means is activated in response to a signal received from a sensor.
  • a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle, the assembly comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle, and a platform pivotally mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore for receiving a pin of a trailer, the assembly further comprising at least one electromagnet which is activatable when rotation of the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle.
  • the or each electromagnet is mounted on a plate located between the base plate and the platform, the plate being pivotal with the platform with respect to the base plate.
  • the plate extends across and beyond each side of the platform.
  • an electromagnet is located at each end of the plate.
  • a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle and a trailer comprising : a tow vehicle coupling comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle and a platform pivotably mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore, assembly further comprising at least one electromagnet, a trailer coupling comprising a pin for receipt within the central bore of the tow vehicle coupling and a metallic plate, at least one sensor for sensing rotation of the trailer coupling relative to the tow vehicle coupling, the sensor transmitting a signal to at least one electromagnet when rotation of the trailer coupling with respect to the tow vehicle coupling exceeds a pre-defined angle, wherein on receipt of the signal, the electromagnet energises thereby forcing the metallic plate against the platform to prevent further rotation of the couplings with respect to each other.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a top perspective view of a first embodiment of fifth wheel coupling constructed in accordance with the present. invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a top perspective view of a second embodiment of a fifth wheel coupling constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the coupling 2 includes a substantially circular platform 4 mounted on a base plate 6.
  • the platform 4 has a V-shaped channel 8 and a central bore 10 for receiving a trailer pin (not shown).
  • the base plate 6 is mounted on a chassis of a tow vehicle by means of bolts 12.
  • the platform 4 has located thereon a substantially circular grooved metal plate 14.
  • the platform 4 is pivotally mounted on the base plate 6 such that the platform 4 can pivot upwardly and downwardly with respect to the base plate 6.
  • a further metallic plate 16 is located between the platform 4 and the base plate 6.
  • the plate 16 is pivotable with the platform 4 about the same pivot point between the platform 4 and the base plate 6.
  • the plate 16 extends across the platform 4 and beyond either side.
  • the plate 16 may, for example, be bolted to the underside of the platform 4.
  • Each end of the plate 16 has at least one electromagnet 18 mounted, or other otherwise formed thereon.
  • Each electromagnet 18 is typically 15 to 18 inches in length and 8 to 10 inches in width Although the Figure shows the electromagnets 18 to be rectangular, it is clearly envisaged that either or both could be formed of any shape. It is also envisaged that a plurality of electromagnets, rather than one, may be provided at each end of the plate 16.
  • the height of the electromagnets 18 is such that the top surface of each electromagnet 18 is substantially level with the top surface of the platform 4.
  • each electromagnet 18 sits in a housing mounted on the plate 16 to ensure the surfaces of the electromagnets 18 and the platform are substantially at the same level.
  • the electromagnets 18 prefferably have a large surface area to provide a strong magnetic force when activated. It is also preferable for the plate 16 to extend as far out from the platform 4 as practicable such that the electromagnets 18 are located as far from the central pivot point of the platform 4 as practically possible to increase the maximum level of torque that the coupling 2 can accept, during use.
  • each electromagnet 18 is located on a respective flange that is bolted to and extends outwardly from the platform 4.
  • Each electromagnet 18 is energised in response to a signal received from a sensor, as will be described later.
  • the fifth wheel coupling 2 engages with a trailer coupling (not shown) to attach the trailer to the tow vehicle.
  • the trailer coupling includes a trailer pin, which is engaged between the V-shaped channel 8 and within the central bore 10, and a metallic plate that at least partly overlies the platform 4 of the fifth wheel coupling 2.
  • the trailer pin is able to rotate within the channel 8 to allow movement of the trailer as the tow vehicle is driven.
  • the trailer coupling further includes a sensor which is able to sense rotation of the trailer pin with respect to the fifth wheel coupling 2 and which generates a signal when rotation, in either direction, exceeds a predetermined angle indicative of potential jack-knifing of the trailer in respect of the tow vehicle.
  • the generated signal is then transmitted to the electromagnets 18 of the fifth wheel coupling causing them to energise.
  • the plate of the trailer coupling is forced tightly against the platform 4 of the fifth wheel coupling 2 preventing further rotation of the trailer pin and plate in respect of the platform 4 thereby negating the possibility of jack-knifing at that time.
  • the trailer plate may have, mounted to the underside thereof, soft metal armatures or plates located above the electromagnets 18 of the coupling 2, to increase the magnetic force between the electromagnets 18 and the trailer plate when the electromagnets 18 are activated.
  • the electromagnets 18 are de-energised once the rotation angle of the trailer pin is back within a range deemed safe, whereupon the plate of the trailer coupling is released from the platform 4 allowing normal movement between the trailer and the vehicle.
  • the energisation of the electromagnets may be graduated so to gradually increase or decrease the force attracting the plate of the trailer coupling to the platform 4 as the angle of rotation of the trailer pin varies during travel.
  • the trailer coupling has two sensors.
  • the sensors are provided on the underside of the trailer plate at an edge thereof. The location of each sensor is such that, in normal circumstances during travel, each sensor senses the presence of the platform 4 directly beneath the plate. Providing that the plate and platform 4 are generally vertically juxtaposed, the angle of the trailer in relation to the tow vehicle would provide no possibility of jack-knifing. Either sensor, however, generates a signal to activate the electromagnets 18 of the coupling 2 when the presence of the platform 4 directly below is not detected by that sensor.
  • the sensors are provided either side of the trailer pin so to detect rotation in either direction. It is envisaged that only one sensor may be used provided it is located in such a position to detect excessive rotation of the trailer pin in either direction.
  • the sensors may be provided on the top surface of the platform 4 rather than the underside of the trailer plate, whereby each sensor detects the presence of the plate directly above the sensor and activates and either sensor generates a signal to activate the electromagnets 18 when no such presence is detected.
  • the ends of the platform are formed with angled ridges or teeth 20 that engage with corresponding ridges, teeth or grooves formed on the trailer plate to provide further means of preventing rotation of trailer plate with respect of the fifth wheel coupling 2 when they are engaged against each other.
  • the ridges or teeth are arranged such that they extend radially from the central bore 10 of the coupling.
  • the sensors may relate to the speed of the vehicle or pressure on a brake pedal of the vehicle.
  • the sensing mechanism may, for example, comprise a pressure sensor that senses an excessive pressure applied to a brake pedal of the vehicle.
  • the electromagnets may be activated when the driver of the vehicle brakes severely.
  • the sensing mechanism may alternatively or additional comprise a sensor that senses the speed of the vehicle and may emit a signal to activate the electromagnets when the speed of the vehicle is in excess of a pre-defined amount which would otherwise make the trailer vulnerable to jack-knifing.
  • the mechanism for preventing rotation of the trailer pin may comprise other pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical mechanisms rather than electromagnets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

A coupling assembly (2) for a tow vehicle and a trailer which includes a tow vehicle coupling comprising a base plate (6) mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle and a platform (4) having a channel leading to a central bore (10), a trailer coupling comprising a pin for receipt within the central bore (10) of the tow vehicle coupling and a metallic plate (15), and means (18) to prevent rotation of the trailer coupling with the respect to the tow vehicle coupling when the pin exceeds a pre-defined angle of rotation.

Description

FIFTH WHEEL COUPLING
The present invention relates to a fifth wheel coupling and more especially to a fifth wheel coupling that includes means to limit rotation of the trailer pin relative to the coupling.
Fifth wheel couplings are commonly used for attaching a pin of a trailer to a vehicle for towing. Conventional fifth wheel couplings suffer from the disadvantage that, in the event of extreme braking of the vehicle towing the trailer, the trailer pin can rotate to such an extent to cause the trailer to "jack-knife", often with disastrous results.
The present invention seeks to alleviate the aforementioned disadvantage by providing a fifth wheel coupling that incorporates electromagnets which energise when rotation of the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle thereby to prevent further rotation of the trailer pin and thus preventing potential jack-knifing of the trailer in respect of the vehicle.
Accordingly, in one aspect there is provided a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle, the assembly comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle, and a platform pivotally mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore for receiving a pin of a trailer, the assembly further comprising means to prevent rotation of the trailer pin when the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle.
Preferably, the rotation prevention means is activated in response to a signal received from a sensor.
In a second aspect there is provided a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle, the assembly comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle, and a platform pivotally mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore for receiving a pin of a trailer, the assembly further comprising at least one electromagnet which is activatable when rotation of the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle.
Preferably the or each electromagnet is mounted on a plate located between the base plate and the platform, the plate being pivotal with the platform with respect to the base plate.
Preferably the plate extends across and beyond each side of the platform. Preferably still, an electromagnet is located at each end of the plate.
In a third aspect, there is provide a coupling assembly for a tow vehicle and a trailer, comprising : a tow vehicle coupling comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle and a platform pivotably mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore, assembly further comprising at least one electromagnet, a trailer coupling comprising a pin for receipt within the central bore of the tow vehicle coupling and a metallic plate, at least one sensor for sensing rotation of the trailer coupling relative to the tow vehicle coupling, the sensor transmitting a signal to at least one electromagnet when rotation of the trailer coupling with respect to the tow vehicle coupling exceeds a pre-defined angle, wherein on receipt of the signal, the electromagnet energises thereby forcing the metallic plate against the platform to prevent further rotation of the couplings with respect to each other.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which : Figure 1 illustrates a top perspective view of a first embodiment of fifth wheel coupling constructed in accordance with the present. invention; and
Figure 2 illustrates a top perspective view of a second embodiment of a fifth wheel coupling constructed in accordance with the present invention.
For standardisation, the general construction of the fifth wheel coupling 2 shown in the Figure is that of a conventional coupling. The coupling 2 includes a substantially circular platform 4 mounted on a base plate 6. The platform 4 has a V-shaped channel 8 and a central bore 10 for receiving a trailer pin (not shown). The base plate 6 is mounted on a chassis of a tow vehicle by means of bolts 12. The platform 4 has located thereon a substantially circular grooved metal plate 14.
The platform 4 is pivotally mounted on the base plate 6 such that the platform 4 can pivot upwardly and downwardly with respect to the base plate 6. A further metallic plate 16 is located between the platform 4 and the base plate 6. The plate 16 is pivotable with the platform 4 about the same pivot point between the platform 4 and the base plate 6. The plate 16 extends across the platform 4 and beyond either side. The plate 16 may, for example, be bolted to the underside of the platform 4.
Each end of the plate 16 has at least one electromagnet 18 mounted, or other otherwise formed thereon. Each electromagnet 18 is typically 15 to 18 inches in length and 8 to 10 inches in width Although the Figure shows the electromagnets 18 to be rectangular, it is clearly envisaged that either or both could be formed of any shape. It is also envisaged that a plurality of electromagnets, rather than one, may be provided at each end of the plate 16. The height of the electromagnets 18 is such that the top surface of each electromagnet 18 is substantially level with the top surface of the platform 4. In an alternative embodiment (not shown) each electromagnet 18 sits in a housing mounted on the plate 16 to ensure the surfaces of the electromagnets 18 and the platform are substantially at the same level.
It is preferable for the electromagnets 18 to have a large surface area to provide a strong magnetic force when activated. It is also preferable for the plate 16 to extend as far out from the platform 4 as practicable such that the electromagnets 18 are located as far from the central pivot point of the platform 4 as practically possible to increase the maximum level of torque that the coupling 2 can accept, during use.
In alternative embodiment (not shown) each electromagnet 18 is located on a respective flange that is bolted to and extends outwardly from the platform 4.
Each electromagnet 18 is energised in response to a signal received from a sensor, as will be described later.
The fifth wheel coupling 2 engages with a trailer coupling (not shown) to attach the trailer to the tow vehicle. The trailer coupling includes a trailer pin, which is engaged between the V-shaped channel 8 and within the central bore 10, and a metallic plate that at least partly overlies the platform 4 of the fifth wheel coupling 2. The trailer pin is able to rotate within the channel 8 to allow movement of the trailer as the tow vehicle is driven.
The trailer coupling further includes a sensor which is able to sense rotation of the trailer pin with respect to the fifth wheel coupling 2 and which generates a signal when rotation, in either direction, exceeds a predetermined angle indicative of potential jack-knifing of the trailer in respect of the tow vehicle. The generated signal is then transmitted to the electromagnets 18 of the fifth wheel coupling causing them to energise. Once energised, the plate of the trailer coupling is forced tightly against the platform 4 of the fifth wheel coupling 2 preventing further rotation of the trailer pin and plate in respect of the platform 4 thereby negating the possibility of jack-knifing at that time.
The trailer plate may have, mounted to the underside thereof, soft metal armatures or plates located above the electromagnets 18 of the coupling 2, to increase the magnetic force between the electromagnets 18 and the trailer plate when the electromagnets 18 are activated.
The electromagnets 18 are de-energised once the rotation angle of the trailer pin is back within a range deemed safe, whereupon the plate of the trailer coupling is released from the platform 4 allowing normal movement between the trailer and the vehicle.
The energisation of the electromagnets may be graduated so to gradually increase or decrease the force attracting the plate of the trailer coupling to the platform 4 as the angle of rotation of the trailer pin varies during travel.
The trailer coupling has two sensors. The sensors are provided on the underside of the trailer plate at an edge thereof. The location of each sensor is such that, in normal circumstances during travel, each sensor senses the presence of the platform 4 directly beneath the plate. Providing that the plate and platform 4 are generally vertically juxtaposed, the angle of the trailer in relation to the tow vehicle would provide no possibility of jack-knifing. Either sensor, however, generates a signal to activate the electromagnets 18 of the coupling 2 when the presence of the platform 4 directly below is not detected by that sensor. The sensors are provided either side of the trailer pin so to detect rotation in either direction. It is envisaged that only one sensor may be used provided it is located in such a position to detect excessive rotation of the trailer pin in either direction.
The sensors may be provided on the top surface of the platform 4 rather than the underside of the trailer plate, whereby each sensor detects the presence of the plate directly above the sensor and activates and either sensor generates a signal to activate the electromagnets 18 when no such presence is detected.
In the embodiment of Figure 2, the ends of the platform are formed with angled ridges or teeth 20 that engage with corresponding ridges, teeth or grooves formed on the trailer plate to provide further means of preventing rotation of trailer plate with respect of the fifth wheel coupling 2 when they are engaged against each other. The ridges or teeth are arranged such that they extend radially from the central bore 10 of the coupling.
It is to be understood that the "sensing mechanism" of the trailer coupling above is provided by way of example only and that any other method of sensing excessive rotation of the trailer pin in either direction outside a pre-defined range could be used to activate the electromagnets 18.
Rather than relating to rotation of the trailer pin, the sensors may relate to the speed of the vehicle or pressure on a brake pedal of the vehicle. The sensing mechanism may, for example, comprise a pressure sensor that senses an excessive pressure applied to a brake pedal of the vehicle. Thus, the electromagnets may be activated when the driver of the vehicle brakes severely. The sensing mechanism may alternatively or additional comprise a sensor that senses the speed of the vehicle and may emit a signal to activate the electromagnets when the speed of the vehicle is in excess of a pre-defined amount which would otherwise make the trailer vulnerable to jack-knifing.
It is clearly envisaged that the mechanism for preventing rotation of the trailer pin may comprise other pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical mechanisms rather than electromagnets.
The above described embodiments are given by way of example only, and the skilled reader will naturally appreciate that many variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coupling assembly for a tow vehicle, the assembly comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle, and a platform pivotally mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore for receiving a trailer pin , the assembly further comprising means to prevent rotation of the trailer in respect of the coupling when the trailer pin exceeds a pre-defined angle of rotation.
2. A coupling assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rotation prevention means is activated in response to a signal received from a sensor.
3. A coupling assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein, the rotation prevention means comprises at least one electromagnet.
4. A coupling assembly according to claim 3, wherein the or each electromagnet is mounted on a plate located between the base plate and the platform, the plate being pivotal with the platform with respect to the base plate.
5. A coupling assembly according to claim 4, wherein the plate extends across and beyond each side of the platform.
6. A coupling assembly according to claim 5, wherein an electromagnet is located at each end of the plate.
7. A coupling assembly according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein each end of the plate has a plurality of ridges formed in the surface thereof.
7. A coupling assembly for a tow vehicle and a trailer, comprising : a tow vehicle coupling comprising a base plate mountable on a chassis of a tow vehicle and a platform pivotably mounted on the base plate, the platform having a channel leading to a central bore, assembly further comprising at least one electromagnet, a trailer coupling comprising a pin for receipt within the central bore of the tow vehicle coupling and a metallic plate, at least one sensor for sensing rotation of the trailer coupling relative to the tow vehicle coupling, the sensor transmitting a signal to at least one electromagnet when rotation of the trailer coupling with respect to the tow vehicle coupling exceeds a pre-defined angle, wherein on receipt of the signal, the electromagnet energises thereby forcing the metallic plate against the platform to prevent further rotation of the couplings with respect to each other.
8. A coupling assembly substantially as hereinbefore described and referred to in the accompanying figures.
Figure imgf000011_0001
PCT/GB2006/002590 2005-07-29 2006-07-12 Fifth wheel coupling WO2007012804A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0515533.8 2005-07-29
GB0515533A GB0515533D0 (en) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Fifth wheel coupling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007012804A1 true WO2007012804A1 (en) 2007-02-01

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PCT/GB2006/002590 WO2007012804A1 (en) 2005-07-29 2006-07-12 Fifth wheel coupling

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WO (1) WO2007012804A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012334A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-26 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co. Method for applying coolant to a cast metal strand in a continuous casting plant and continuous casting plant

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4756543A (en) * 1986-02-10 1988-07-12 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Arrangement for controlled damping of pivoting movements in an articulated bus
US4763916A (en) * 1984-02-24 1988-08-16 Autoipari Kutato Es Fejleszto Vallalat Hydraulic jackknifing-affecting apparatus for articulated vehicles
EP0433858A2 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-26 Eaton Corporation Tractor trailer articulation control system and articulation angle sensor
EP0471286A1 (en) * 1990-08-16 1992-02-19 Eaton Corporation Tractor trailer articulation angle sensor calibration system and method
EP1291269A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2003-03-12 Anton Monto, S.L. Safety device for articulated semi-trailers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4763916A (en) * 1984-02-24 1988-08-16 Autoipari Kutato Es Fejleszto Vallalat Hydraulic jackknifing-affecting apparatus for articulated vehicles
US4756543A (en) * 1986-02-10 1988-07-12 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Arrangement for controlled damping of pivoting movements in an articulated bus
EP0433858A2 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-26 Eaton Corporation Tractor trailer articulation control system and articulation angle sensor
EP0471286A1 (en) * 1990-08-16 1992-02-19 Eaton Corporation Tractor trailer articulation angle sensor calibration system and method
EP1291269A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2003-03-12 Anton Monto, S.L. Safety device for articulated semi-trailers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012334A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-26 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh & Co. Method for applying coolant to a cast metal strand in a continuous casting plant and continuous casting plant

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