WO2007009247A1 - Procede de forage et de cimentation d'un puits - Google Patents

Procede de forage et de cimentation d'un puits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007009247A1
WO2007009247A1 PCT/CA2006/001189 CA2006001189W WO2007009247A1 WO 2007009247 A1 WO2007009247 A1 WO 2007009247A1 CA 2006001189 W CA2006001189 W CA 2006001189W WO 2007009247 A1 WO2007009247 A1 WO 2007009247A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drilling
borehole
drill string
packer
formation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2006/001189
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert M. Tessari
Tommy M. Warren
Original Assignee
Tesco Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tesco Corporation filed Critical Tesco Corporation
Publication of WO2007009247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007009247A1/fr

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/10Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
    • E21B21/103Down-hole by-pass valve arrangements, i.e. between the inside of the drill string and the annulus
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing a well and, in particular, a method for drilling and cementing a well.
  • a casing string is used as the drill string so that once the well is drilled, the casing string can remain downhole to line the wellbore. This avoids the need for a separate operation to trip in a well bore liner after the well bore is drilled.
  • the present invention provides a method for drilling and cementing a borehole to access at least a portion of a formation of interest, comprising: drilling a borehole using a drill string including an external packer and a drilling assembly to access at least a portion of a formation of interest; using a drilling fluid selected to minimize adverse effects on the at least a portion of the formation of interest when drilling into the at least a portion of the formation of interest; setting the packer to create a seal in the borehole so that (i) an upper drill string/borehole annulus above the packer is isolated from (ii) a lower drill string/borehole annulus below the packer, with the at least a portion of the formation of interest being open to the lower drill string/borehole annulus; and introducing cement above the external packer into the upper drill string/borehole annulus.
  • the present invention provides a method for drilling and cementing a borehole to access at least a portion of a formation of interest, comprising: drilling a borehole using a drill string including an external packer and a drilling assembly to access at least a portion of a formation of interest, the drilling process including tripping the drilling assembly to surface and reintroducing the drilling assembly during drilling; setting the packer to create a seal in the borehole so that (i) an upper drill string/borehole annulus above the packer is isolated from (ii) a lower drill string/borehole annulus below the packer, with the at least a portion of the formation of interest being open to the lower drill string/borehole annulus; and introducing cement above the external packer into the upper drill string/borehole annulus.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 show schematically steps in a method according to one aspect of the present invention. Detailed Description of Various Embodiments of the Invention
  • a borehole can be drilled to access a formation of interest.
  • a formation of interest herein is that which is desired to be protected from harmful fluid contact therewith.
  • a formation of interest may therefore include a fragile formation, such as one that has a low pressure or one that is highly porous.
  • the formation of interest may be in various states such as a newly accessed formation or a depleted formation.
  • the borehole may be drilled with a drill string and a drilling assembly including an external packer which, when desired, may be positioned and may be set to seal the borehole relative to the formation of interest so that the drill string/borehole annulus above the packer is isolated from the drill string/borehole annulus below the packer.
  • a drilling fluid may be used that is selected to minimize adverse effects on the formation.
  • cement may be added above the packer.
  • the invention relates in one embodiment to a method of drilling, casing, and cementing a wellbore where the casing is carried along with or used as at least a portion of the drill string, an external casing packer is carried on the casing and may be set to form a seal in the annulus between the casing and the borehole after drilling of at least a portion of that borehole and before cement is introduced.
  • Cement may be pumped into the annulus between the casing and the borehole above the packer after the packer creates a seal in the casing/borehole annulus, so that a potentially damaging hydrostatic head of liquid (packer setting fluid and/or cement) is substantially prevented from being communicated to a formation of interest positioned relative to, which is generally below, the packer.
  • the borehole can be drilled into or through a formation of interest, of which at least a portion thereof is desired to be protected.
  • the packer may be positioned and may be set to seal the borehole relative to the formation of interest.
  • the packer may be positioned above any portion of the formation of interest that is sought to be protected to isolate the casing/borehole annulus above the packer from that portion of the formation of interest, which may be open to the casing/borehole annulus below the packer.
  • a drilling fluid may be used that is selected to minimize adverse effects to the formation such as, for example, by drilling the borehole substantially without putting a damaging hydrostatic pressure head on the formation of interest and/or avoiding the use of fluids that adversely chemically react with the materials of the formation of interest.
  • a drilling fluid may be for example, underbalanced relative to the formation of interest to thereby have a lower hydrostatic pressure than the pressure of the formation of interest or of a chemical state or composition selected to substantially avoid an adverse affect on the formation of the interest.
  • a foam-type drilling fluid may be used.
  • a gaseous- based drilling fluid may be used, which may be substantially dry.
  • a low density, compressible drilling fluid can be used including, for example, air, nitrogen, natural gas, or a mixture of any of these fluids.
  • a drilling fluid comprised substantially entirely of air may be useful.
  • consideration may also be given to the method by which the packer is set so that the formation is not damaged by this action.
  • the packer may be set by setting the casing down in the borehole, by hydraulic actuation or by inflation. If a compressible fluid is used as the drilling fluid, consideration may be given to methods for setting the packer since compressible fluids may not be capable of use to set a packer. If it is not desirable to set the drill string down on bottom, then care may be necessary to avoid exposing the formation of interest to a damaging packer setting fluid. For example, some packers require the use of non-compressible, higher density, liquid-based fluids to hydraulically set them.
  • the low density compressible fluid used for drilling may be replaced with the non-compressible, higher density, liquid-based fluid, such as, for example, water or mud, that may be used to inflate the packer.
  • the higher density liquid does not damage the formation of interest. Such damage might be caused, for example, by exposing the formation of interest to the hydrostatic head of the higher density, packer-setting fluid.
  • the casing may be used as at least a portion of the drill string or carried along with the drill string.
  • a drilling assembly may be used that proceeds ahead of the bottom end of the casing and creates a borehole with an ID greater than the casing so that the casing can be advanced behind the drilling assembly.
  • One such drilling assembly includes, for example, a pilot bit and an underreamer.
  • the drilling assembly and other components may be sized appropriately to be retrieved and reintroduced through the casing periodically during drilling and/or retrieved after drilling is completed. Alternately, the drilling assembly may be intended to be left downhole.
  • the drilling assembly or casing may include or be capable of accepting seals or valves which are selectively openable/closable to permit closing of the lower end of the casing, when desired, to control the passage of fluids out through the drilling assembly and out of the bottom end of the casing.
  • seals or valves may be provided by a launchable plug, selectively closeable seals in the drilling assembly, etc.
  • the casing may include ports or valves or require the formation of ports for providing an opening through the casing above the packer to permit introduced cement to pass into the annulus above the packer.
  • a selectable port sub, a cementing stage tool, or perforating methods may be employed for selectively opening a port above the packer.
  • a port may be provided that is opened by rotating an upper portion of the casing relative to a lower end of the casing that is held stationary by engagement of the borehole wall through the inflated packer.
  • a seal adjacent the casing bottom end to prevent cement from U-tubing from the annulus back into the casing ID.
  • a seal is created adjacent the bottom of the casing to contain cement in the lower region of the casing and/or in the annulus.
  • a check valve may be provided in the casing wall up hole of the external casing packer, which permits flow from the casing ID to the casing/borehole annulus, but acts against reverse flow.
  • a cement introduction tool including a seal formable between the tool and the casing ID to prevent flow of the introduced cement upwardly past the cement introduction tool may be employed in the casing.
  • Cement may be introduced through the tool below the seal into the casing ID and into the casing/borehole annulus.
  • a wiper plug may be held in place above the cement to prevent U-tubing.
  • the casing may be cleaned out and the borehole below the packer may be treated, further drilled, produced in any of various ways.
  • Figure 1 illustrates generally a first step in one possible method according to the invention wherein a borehole 10 may be drilled, cased and cemented after drilling while protecting at least a portion of a formation of interest 12 against damage by contact with a hydrostatic head of fluid, such as may be generated by some drilling fluids, packer setting fluids and/or cement.
  • a hydrostatic head of fluid such as may be generated by some drilling fluids, packer setting fluids and/or cement.
  • a casing string 16 is used as the drill string and a drilling assembly 18 is mounted at the distal end of the casing string to form the borehole ahead of the casing string.
  • the drilling assembly may be tripped to surface for inspection, repair or replacement and may be returned downhole to continue drilling.
  • casing as the drill string to surface.
  • the casing By use of casing as a drill string, the drilling, casing and cementing of the borehole may be completed without a requirement to ever trip the casing out of the well.
  • the casing may be used as the drill string and then left down hole to case the borehole.
  • the lower end of the casing may include an external casing packer 20 that may be energized by any of various means including for example by inflation with water, mud or cement (as shown in the Figures), by direct compression of the drill string, or by indirect compression as by use of a hydraulically powered piston, to create a seal about the casing at the position of the packer, which in this embodiment is adjacent the casing's lower end.
  • the casing may also include at least one port 22 (shown closed in Figure 1 ) that can be opened, when desired, to allow fluid such as, for example, cement to be pumped from the interior of the casing to the exterior annulus 23, which is that open area between the casing and borehole 10.
  • Port 22 may be positioned in the casing uphole of the external casing packer.
  • a borehole is drilled through a formation 1 1 including formation of interest 12 using casing as the drill string and including external packer 20.
  • Drilling into at least a portion of the formation of interest is accomplished using a drilling fluid (arrows A) that is substantially inert to the formation of interest, with consideration as to the properties of the formation of interest.
  • drilling proceeds using a fluid, such as air or foam, that has a lower hydrostatic pressure than the pressure of the formation of interest.
  • a fluid such as air or foam
  • other drilling fluids can be used until it is desired to protect the formation of interest or a portion thereof against damage or further damage by that drilling fluid.
  • the operator may wish to drill without consideration as to the effects of the drilling fluid on the formation until it is determined that the formation of interest or a depth of interest has been reached. Thereafter, the operator may wish to cement the well or otherwise displace the previous drilling fluid to permit initiation of a method according to the present invention using a drilling fluid selected to minimize adverse effects on the formation of interest for a period of time during drilling.
  • drilling assembly 18 may tripped out of the casing and external casing packer 20 may be set to isolate an upper portion of the casing/borehole annulus from a lower portion of the casing/borehole annulus, the lower portion of the casing/borehole annulus being that portion open to the portion of the formation to be protected.
  • hydraulically set packer 20 care may be taken to avoid exposing the selected portion of the formation of interest to the hydrostatic head of the hydraulic setting fluid.
  • Figure 2 shows one such method wherein packer 20 is hydraulically settable. To set the packer, the drilling fluid is displaced with a hydraulic setting fluid without exposing the formation of interest to the hydrostatic pressure of the hydraulic setting fluid.
  • a plug 28 is installed to seal the lower end of the casing string before the hydraulic setting fluid is introduced.
  • drilling fluid may be bled off, a plug 28 may be introduced to the casing string and a circulating head 30 may be installed at surface.
  • Hydraulic packer setting fluid 32 such as water may be introduced above the plug to displace the plug downwardly (arrow B). Care may be taken to avoid causing the plug to land in an uncontrolled or damaging fashion at the bottom of the casing string and/or care may be taken to avoid creation of problematic trapped pockets of drilling fluid.
  • drilling fluid backpressure may be controlled to control the displacement of the plug and/or the state of the hydraulic packer setting fluid may be controlled to control the pressure and/or density of the fluid 32 above the plug.
  • This may involve pumping the plug to separate the hydraulic packer setting fluid from the drilling fluid and to prevent the higher density hydraulic packer setting fluid from passing through the bit. While pumping the higher density fluid, some procedure may be useful to control the rate at which the heavier density fluid falls in the casing.
  • the controlling step may include, for example, any of holding backpressure on the annulus, using a flow-restricting nozzle at the bit, and/or pumping water above a plug with a positive displacement pump that is rigged up so that no air can be sucked into the casing. As the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid in the casing exceeds the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus with consideration to back pressure and annular friction, the more dense fluid may tend to fall faster.
  • the hydrostatic head By controlling the rate that water is pumped into the casing and preventing air from being sucked in, the hydrostatic head can be controlled by letting the water flash to low temperature steam.
  • the casing may need to be designed with sufficient collapse pressure to withstand this process.
  • hydraulic packer setting fluid 32 may be continued to gradually bring the hydrostatic pressure up to the full hydrostatic head of the liquid setting fluid.
  • the setting fluid then may be manipulated, as by pressuring up, to set the packer.
  • Packer 20 in the illustrated embodiment is hydraulically settable and may include a check valve for permitting hydraulic inflation thereof. As such, once the packer is set, the check valve may maintain the packer in the inflated state.
  • port 22 may be opened so that cement can then be introduced to the annulus between the casing and the borehole above the casing packer. Port 22 may be opened by various means, as noted previously.
  • port 22 may be part of a mechanism providing opening of the port by rotation of an upper casing portion relative to a lower casing portion. Since in this embodiment the bottom casing portion is anchored by the packer, the port may be opened by rotating the upper casing portion while the lower portion of the casing remains stationary. Thereafter, hydraulic packer-setting fluid 32 and cement may be displaced through the casing string and annulus (arrows C). The cement may be introduced to cement the casing in the well bore.
  • the formation of interest below the packer may be accessed in any of various ways and for various purposes. If it is desired to further drill into the formation of interest, it may be of interest to undertake such further drilling using a drilling fluid selected to minimize adverse effects on the formation of interest.
  • At least a selected portion of a formation of interest 12 may be protected against damage by contact with a hydrostatic head of drilling fluid and by contact with cement by using a drilling fluid selected to minimize adverse effects on the formation of interest, when drilling into it, and by selecting the external casing packer to be set above the formation of interest. If the packer is settable by use of hydraulic fluid, in one aspect of the present invention, the selected portion of the formation of interest 12 may also be protected against damage by contact with that packer setting fluid.
  • any portion of the formation of interest that is above the upper end 20a of the packer once it is set will be exposed to the effects of the packer setting fluid and cement after it moves through port 22 into the annulus above the packer. If it is desired to completely avoid damage to the formation of interest by contact with a hydrostatic head of drilling fluid or cement, it may be useful set the packer so that its upper end (as shown) is completely above the formation of interest.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de forage et de cimentation d'un trou de forage permettant d'accéder à au moins une partie d'une formation d'intérêt. Ce procédé consiste : à forer un trou de forage au moyen d'un train de tiges de forage qui comprend une garniture extérieure et d'un ensemble de forage afin d'accéder à au moins une partie d'une formation d'intérêt ; à utiliser un fluide de forage sélectionné pour réduire au minimum les effets indésirables sur la ou les parties de formation d'intérêt pendant le forage exercé sur celle(s)-ci ; à installer la garniture afin que soit créé un joint dans le trou de forage de façon (i) qu'un espace annulaire de forage/de train de tiges supérieur situé au-dessus de la garniture soit isolé (ii) d'un espace annulaire de forage/de train de tiges inférieur situé au-dessous de la garniture, la ou les parties de la formation d'intérêt étant ouvertes sur l'espace annulaire de forage/de train de tiges inférieur ; et à introduire du ciment au-dessus de la garniture extérieure dans l'espace annulaire de forage/de train de tiges supérieur.
PCT/CA2006/001189 2005-07-19 2006-07-17 Procede de forage et de cimentation d'un puits WO2007009247A1 (fr)

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US59560605P 2005-07-19 2005-07-19
US60/595,606 2005-07-19

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WO2009032517A1 (fr) 2007-08-28 2009-03-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Colonne perdue à contrôle pour forage dans du sable
CN107120080A (zh) * 2016-02-25 2017-09-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 回接装置

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CN106285554B (zh) * 2016-09-07 2018-09-14 中国石油大学(华东) 用于固井阶段的井筒压力控制系统及方法

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EP2191101A1 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2010-06-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Colonne perdue à contrôle pour forage dans du sable
EP2191101A4 (fr) * 2007-08-28 2012-01-11 Baker Hughes Inc Colonne perdue à contrôle pour forage dans du sable
CN107120080A (zh) * 2016-02-25 2017-09-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 回接装置

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US20070068703A1 (en) 2007-03-29

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