WO2007003887A2 - Orbiting piston machines - Google Patents
Orbiting piston machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007003887A2 WO2007003887A2 PCT/GB2006/002353 GB2006002353W WO2007003887A2 WO 2007003887 A2 WO2007003887 A2 WO 2007003887A2 GB 2006002353 W GB2006002353 W GB 2006002353W WO 2007003887 A2 WO2007003887 A2 WO 2007003887A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive displacement
- assembly
- engine
- machines
- machine
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F01C1/38—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/02 and having a hinged member
- F01C1/39—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/02 and having a hinged member with vanes hinged to the inner as well as to the outer member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F01C1/40—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and having a hinged member
- F01C1/46—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and having a hinged member with vanes hinged to the outer member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
- F01C11/002—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle
- F01C11/004—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle and of complementary function, e.g. internal combustion engine with supercharger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C19/00—Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C19/02—Radially-movable sealings for working fluids
- F01C19/04—Radially-movable sealings for working fluids of rigid material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/003—Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the elements of the machine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
- F01C21/104—Stators; Members defining the outer boundaries of the working chamber
- F01C21/106—Stators; Members defining the outer boundaries of the working chamber with a radial surface, e.g. cam rings
Definitions
- This invention relates to rotary positive displacement machines, in particular orbiting piston machines, and engines which make use of positive displacement machines.
- Rotary positive displacement machines with orbiting pistons have been described by the present inventor in WO 03/062604 and WO 2004/031539, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- Engines using positive displacement machines have been described by the present inventor in WO 2005/124106, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- the present invention provides a rotary positive displacement machine comprising: a casing having a cylindrical internal surface delimiting an operating chamber; and an orbiting piston in the operating chamber, having a cylindrical external surface; wherein at least one of the said external and internal surfaces is at least partly constituted by a peripheral wall having a front surface facing the operating chamber and a rear surface, the peripheral wall having through-slots which extend parallel to one another, the through-slots accommodating respective compliant strips extending from the front surface to the rear surface, retaining means being provided to retain the strips in the slots against pressure in the operating chamber.
- the invention provides an assembly comprising three rotary positive displacement machines, each machine comprising a casing having a cylindrical internal surface delimiting an operating chamber and an orbiting piston in the operating chamber, having a cylindrical external surface, the casings being connected together and the orbiting pistons being kinematically linked.
- the invention provides an engine comprising: a first positive displacement machine; a second positive displacement machine; an inlet duct connected to the first positive displacement machine; an intermediate duct connected between the first and second positive displacement machines; an outlet duct connected to the second positive displacement machine; a heater for raising the temperature and pressure of a gaseous working fluid in the intermediate duct; and a kinematic connection between the first and second positive displacement machines; the arrangement being such that, in operation of the engine, the first positive displacement machine causes the working fluid to flow through the intermediate duct to the second positive displacement machine, the heated working fluid drives the second positive displacement machine, and the second positive displacement machine drives the first positive displacement machine via the kinematic connection; the engine further comprising a heat pump circuit through which a refrigerant flows, including, in sequence, a compressor, a condenser which constitutes at least part of the said heater, an expander, and an evaporator; wherein the heat pump circuit includes means for supplying heat to the refrigerant between the evaporator and the compressor.
- Figure 1 is a cut-away perspective view of a rotary positive displacement machine with an orbiting piston
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of a peripheral wall portion of the machine
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of one part of the peripheral wall portion
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of another part of the peripheral wall portion
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a clamping member
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of an assembly of three rotary positive displacement machines, with outer casings removed;
- Figure 7 is a diagram of one embodiment of fluid interconnection of the three machines.
- Figure 8 is a diagram showing the assembly of Figure 6 connected to an internal combustion engine
- Figure 9 is a perspective view of an assembly of three rotary positive displacement machines, constituting a three-stage compressor
- Figure 10 corresponds to Figure 9 with parts of the assembly removed;
- Figure 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the layout of an engine as described in WO 2005/124106;
- Figure 12 is a diagrammatic representation of the layout of one embodiment of the engine according to the present invention.
- Figure 13 is a diagrammatic representation of the layout of another embodiment of the engine according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 The type of rotary positive displacement machine which is shown in Figures 1 to 5 is more fully described in WO 03/062604 and WO 2004/031539. It comprises a casing 1 with a peripheral wall 2 having a circular cylindrical internal surface 3.
- An orbiting piston 4 (also referred to as a rolling piston) comprises a rotating inner part 4a, which is eccentrically mounted on an input/output drive shaft 9 and which may carry at one or both ends a shutter in the form of a flange or disc (not visible), and a non-rotating outer part 4b which orbits about the axis of the internal surface 3.
- the outer part 4b of the orbiting piston 4 has a circular cylindrical external surface 11, one generatrix of which is spaced from the internal surface 3.
- a vane member 17 is accommodated in an aperture in the casing 1 and this aperture can function as a fluid inlet/outlet.
- the vane member 17 has a passageway 17a communicating between the exterior of the casing 1 and the operating chamber, an arcuate end wall 17b, transverse walls 17c extending from the respective ends of the end wall 17b and being pivotally mounted on the casing 1, and a tip face (not visible) which is a sealing surface with respect to a recess in the external surface 11 of the orbiting piston 4.
- a fixed appendage 71 to the outer part 4b is connected to the vane member 17 by a bearing (not visible) at a position between the pivot axis of the vane member 17 and its arcuate end wall 17b.
- the outer part 4b of the orbiting piston 4 comprises an extruded body which may be made of light metal, e.g. an aluminium alloy. It may be provided with a plurality of compliant strips extending in the axial direction and being equally spaced apart. Each strip may be made of an elastomer, e.g. Viton or butyl rubber, and mounted in a groove.
- an elastomer e.g. Viton or butyl rubber
- the casing 1 includes a peripheral wall portion 21 having through-slots 22 which extend in the axial direction and are equally spaced apart.
- a belt 23 of compliant material (such as the elastomer mentioned above) is fitted on the peripheral wall portion 21.
- the belt 23 consists of a plurality of compliant strips 24 integrally connected by a ribbon 26. The strips 24 fill the slots 22 and project slightly into the operating chamber.
- the ribbon 26 is retained against the rear surface 27 of the peripheral wall portion 21 by a clamping member 28, which prevents the strips 24 from being pushed out of the slots 22.
- compliant strips 24 may be provided in the peripheral wall of the outer part 4b of the orbiting piston 4.
- compressors and expanders require different circumferential lengths of peripheral wall portions (between inlets and outlets, e.g. ranging from 90° to 290°, and different axial lengths of compliant strips.
- the belt 23 described above can be made in any convenient length and width and can be cut to the (circumferential and axial) size required.
- the belt may be manufactured flat and then bent to the required shape during fitting.
- the orbiting piston 4 exerts a rolling, sliding, and squeezing action on the surface of the complaint strips 24; in addition, any pressure in the operating chamber will try to push the strips out.
- a typical clamp to prevent this is shown in the drawings by way of example.
- the clamping member 28 may be hinged to a casing appendage and/or retained by a side plate.
- Figure 6 shows an assembly of three rotary positive displacement machines A, B, C in which the orbiting pistons 4 are mounted on a common shaft 9.
- WO 2004/031539 describes an assembly of two rotary positive displacement machines, one of which is a compressor and the other an expander (expansion turbine). This produces an out-of-balance couple that has to be reduced by adding a counterbalancing weight.
- the first stage compressor is interposed between the second stage compressor and the expander.
- Various arrangements of compressor and expander stages can be devised to optimise balance and bearing life.
- two of the machines e.g. B and C
- the machines A-C can be fluidly connected in series to provide three stages of compression, for example as indicated in Figure 7. If air is to be compressed, the air can enter the first machine A and exit to the second machine B 3 and air entering the second machine B can exit to the third machine C.
- the air can be vented from the casing of one or more of the machines to vary the air mass flow.
- the final pressure and mass flow rate can be adjusted to give similar conditions to those created by the control system of an internal combustion engine, so as to enable the cylinder of a four-stoke internal combustion engine to provide the power and exhaust strokes only.
- the induction and compression are carried out by the three-stage compressor assembly. In this way the relatively high pressure and temperature of combustion can be separated from the air induction and compression strokes. In the case of a petrol (gasoline) engine there would be no throttling or pumping losses.
- Figure 8 shows the three-stage compression assembly 29 connected to the intake manifold 30 of two cylinders 31, 32 of an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft 33 which drives the shaft 9 via a pair of pulleys 34.
- the piston in the first cylinder 31 is just commencing the power stroke and the piston in the second cylinder 32 is just commencing the exhaust stroke.
- the intake valve opens so that an air/fuel mixture is introduced at a sufficiently high pressure to cause the next power stroke to immediately follow the exhaust stroke.
- Inter-coolers heat exchangers
- Inter-cooling between the compression stages can keep the temperatures in the assembly sufficiently low that it can be made from aluminium.
- refrigerant from the air conditioning system of a car is used in the inter- coolers they can be made smaller than if ambient air was used and the air flowing into the engine could be made cooler.
- Figures 9 and 10 show a three-stage compressor assembly 29 with two inter- coolers (heat exchangers) 36, 37.
- the inter-coolers are integrated with an air conditioning unit (not shown) and use the air conditioning refrigerant for cooling the air as it transfers from one stage of compression to the next.
- the three-stage compressor assembly 29 can provide a range of air mass flow rates and pressures from idle to 2 bar boost, for example, before the air is injected into the internal combustion engine (as explained above).
- FIG 10 some components are removed to expose a typical vent position and means for allowing automatic adjustment of the running clearance of the orbiting piston in the second-stage compressor B.
- the peripheral wall 2 of the compressor B has an air- venting orifice 38 controlled by a valve (not shown), the air is selectively vented to provide additional control of air mass flow.
- One or more vent orifices may be provided in each compression stage.
- Wear-away strips 39 in grooves in the internal surface 3 of the casing 1 ensure a minimum running clearance for the orbiting piston. (Such strips may instead be constituted by the compliant strips 24 described above.)
- An engine as described in WO2005/124106 is shown diagrammatically in Figure 11. It includes a heat pump comprising a circuit in which a suitable refrigerant circulates as indicated by the broken arrows.
- the heat pump circuit includes a combined compressor/expander 101 (each constituted by a rotary positive displacement machine with an orbiting piston), a condenser 102, and an evaporator 103.
- the condenser 102 serves as a heater and the evaporator 103 serves as a cooler for a Sterling engine including a first rotary positive displacement machine 104 with one orbiting piston and a second rotary positive displacement machine 106 with two orbiting pistons.
- An inlet duct 107 for atmospheric air leads through the evaporator 103 (heat exchanger) to the first positive displacement machine 104.
- An intermediate duct 108 leads from there, through the condenser 102 (heat exchanger), before arriving at the second positive displacement machine 106.
- the machines 104 and 106 are linked by a suitable kinematic connection 111, which may comprise at least one shaft, a belt or chain, or gears, for example.
- the second machine 106 is linked to the compressor/expander 101 by a suitable kinematic connection 112 and to an electrical generator/motor 113 (or a power offtake) by a suitable kinematic connection 114.
- An outlet duct 109 leads from the second positive displacement machine 106 to a hot exhaust or heat exchanger 116.
- Air enters the evaporator 103 and evaporates the refrigerant for the heat pump compressor 101 to compress and pass to the condenser 102. Condensed refrigerant passes back from the condenser 102 to the heat pump expander 101 for expansion and return to the evaporator 103.
- After passing through the evaporator 103 some or all the inlet air passes to the orbiting piston in the cold part 104 of the Stirling engine and the orbiting piston transfers the cold air via the hot condenser 102 to the orbiting pistons in the hot part 106 of the Stirling engine.
- the cold air rises in temperature as it passes through the condenser 102, it rises in pressure. Pressure energy is expanded by the hot orbiting pistons and exhausted to provide heating.
- a supplementary heater 118 is provided to heat the air before entering the second positive displacement machine 106.
- the heater 118 may provide heat by anything known in the art, but probably most conveniently by electricity or gas.
- the system is designed such that the mass of air used to evaporate the refrigerant in the evaporator 103 is more than the mass of air taken by the Stirling cycle engine, the difference is the mass of air available for cooling at 117.
- the overall efficiency of the system may be improved by superheating the refrigerant at a suitable point in the heat pump circuit (101-103). This can be done by passing the refrigerant through a superheater (heat exchanger) before entry to the compressor/expander 101.
- a superheater heat exchanger
- Figure 12 shows a heat exchanger 121 through which passes a first line 122, connecting the evaporator 103 and the compressor 101, and a second line 123, connecting the condenser 102 and the expander 101.
- a diverter valve 124 is provided for selectively by-passing the heat exchanger 121 in the second line 123.
- the heat available in the refrigerant before entry to the expander 101 or the evaporator 103 may be used for heating either directly or by supplying the heat to the working fluid before exiting the Stirling cycle at 116.
- Figure 13 shows direct heating with a heat exchanger 126 between the condenser 102 and expander 101, and superheating by the heat exchanger 121 before exit of the working fluid (air) at 116.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008518958A JP2009500554A (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-26 | Orbiting piston machine |
EP06755639A EP1899580A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-26 | Orbiting piston machines |
US11/994,143 US20080210194A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-26 | Orbiting Piston Machines |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0513360.8A GB0513360D0 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2005-06-30 | Rolling piston stirling engine |
GB0513360.8 | 2005-06-30 | ||
GB0517603.7 | 2005-08-30 | ||
GBGB0517603.7A GB0517603D0 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | Rolling piston stirling engine |
GB0602715.5 | 2006-02-10 | ||
GBGB0602715.5A GB0602715D0 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2006-02-10 | Orbiting piston compressors and compressors and turbine |
GB0603317.9 | 2006-02-20 | ||
GBGB0603317.9A GB0603317D0 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2006-02-20 | Orbiting piston compressors and internal copmbustion air management |
GB0610088.7 | 2006-05-22 | ||
GBGB0610088.7A GB0610088D0 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2006-05-22 | Orbiting piston compressors and internal combustion air management |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007003887A2 true WO2007003887A2 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
WO2007003887A3 WO2007003887A3 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
Family
ID=36940443
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2006/002353 WO2007003887A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-26 | Orbiting piston machines |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1899580A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007003887A2 (en) |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1141892A (en) * | 1954-07-21 | 1957-09-11 | Piston pump driven by an eccentric movement | |
US3173606A (en) * | 1963-04-03 | 1965-03-16 | New York Air Brake Co | Pump |
DE1944268A1 (en) * | 1969-09-01 | 1971-03-25 | Ilie Chivari | Gate valve pump |
DE2358932A1 (en) * | 1973-11-27 | 1975-05-28 | Guenter Zillner | Rotary piston machine - has flap valve preventing pressure medium through flow to outlet |
US5076228A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1991-12-31 | Harlan Bowitz | Rotary vane engine |
WO1998003794A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Adorjan Ferenc | Rotary assembly |
US5775883A (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1998-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Rolling-piston expander apparatus |
WO2003062604A2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-31 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | Rotary positive displacement machine |
WO2004031539A1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-15 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | Rotary positive displacement machine with orbiting piston |
WO2004063532A1 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2004-07-29 | Revolution Engine Corporation | External combustion rotary piston engine |
WO2005124106A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-29 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | An engine |
-
2006
- 2006-06-26 WO PCT/GB2006/002353 patent/WO2007003887A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-26 EP EP06755639A patent/EP1899580A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1141892A (en) * | 1954-07-21 | 1957-09-11 | Piston pump driven by an eccentric movement | |
US3173606A (en) * | 1963-04-03 | 1965-03-16 | New York Air Brake Co | Pump |
DE1944268A1 (en) * | 1969-09-01 | 1971-03-25 | Ilie Chivari | Gate valve pump |
DE2358932A1 (en) * | 1973-11-27 | 1975-05-28 | Guenter Zillner | Rotary piston machine - has flap valve preventing pressure medium through flow to outlet |
US5076228A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1991-12-31 | Harlan Bowitz | Rotary vane engine |
US5775883A (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1998-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Rolling-piston expander apparatus |
WO1998003794A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Adorjan Ferenc | Rotary assembly |
WO2003062604A2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-31 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | Rotary positive displacement machine |
WO2004031539A1 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-15 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | Rotary positive displacement machine with orbiting piston |
WO2004063532A1 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2004-07-29 | Revolution Engine Corporation | External combustion rotary piston engine |
WO2005124106A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-29 | E.A. Technical Services Limited | An engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007003887A3 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
EP1899580A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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