WO2006137865A2 - Conteneur léger résistant aux explosions - Google Patents

Conteneur léger résistant aux explosions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006137865A2
WO2006137865A2 PCT/US2005/032959 US2005032959W WO2006137865A2 WO 2006137865 A2 WO2006137865 A2 WO 2006137865A2 US 2005032959 W US2005032959 W US 2005032959W WO 2006137865 A2 WO2006137865 A2 WO 2006137865A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
parts
door
nested
wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/032959
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006137865A3 (fr
Inventor
Erich Weerth
Original Assignee
Friedman Research Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedman Research Corporation filed Critical Friedman Research Corporation
Publication of WO2006137865A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006137865A2/fr
Publication of WO2006137865A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006137865A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/32—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure
    • B65D90/325—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure due to explosion, e.g. inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/14—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport by air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lightweight multi-sided container capable of resisting an explosive detonation due to bombs or other explosive devices without rupture.
  • the invention applies to any situation where an explosive device is detonated in a container.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to
  • cargo containers such as Unit Load Devices used on aircraft, or shipping containers used on ships or trucks .
  • ULD' s unit Load Devices
  • the invention is a blast resistant container, constructed entirely or in part of a blast resistant composite material.
  • the composite material is a fiber reinforcement in a polymer resin matrix.
  • the polymer resin matrix is resistant to galvanic corrosion, solvents and chemical agents and exhibits a high specific strength, high specific modulus, high strain to failure, high fracture toughness and is not hygroscopic.
  • the fiber reinforcement is treated with a special resin compatible sizing which develops a high specific laminate strength, high specific laminate modulus, high laminate strain to failure and a high laminate fracture toughness.
  • the composite material is layered to form a laminate.
  • the container is constructed of three nested parts, such that circumferential hoop constraint is achieved about three orthogonal axes .
  • the container is a Unit Load Device.
  • the Unit Load Device is closed by installing the third part, and in the event of the blast, the expansion of the inner parts against the outer parts serve to develop a self sealing, i.e. gasket, mechanism.
  • the container is a mailbox.
  • the container is a cargo container such as used for containerized shipping by sea or truck.
  • the container may be used specifically for the safe storage of explosive materials in order to protect the surroundings from an accidental or unanticipated detonation of the explosives stored within the container.
  • the invention in order to avoid personnel and property damage, may be used by police, firemen or demolition teams as a portable container to safely detonate bombs planted by terrorists.
  • the invention is a method of constructing a blast resistant container, including providing tools which allow for forming of three nested parts, fabricating and curing the nested parts and, assembling the container from the three nested parts . Circumferential hoop stresses are developed in the winding direction of the broadgoods associated with each part's geometry. When exposed to an internal blast, each part, within the nested assembly, tends to dilate into a cylindrical shape, reducing the high stresses normally developed at the corners of a rigid box where three edges intersect.
  • the containers are constructed at least in part using a fiber reinforced, polymer resin matrix, composite.
  • the resin is introduced using a vacuum infusion process.
  • the resin is introduced by pre-impregnating the reinforcement broadgoods .
  • One embodiment of the invention involves the construction of a blast resistant container utilizing fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate skins in combination with
  • Low density core materials may include opened or closed cell foam, a honeycomb material, nomex, metal foam, or balsa wood.
  • the tool or mandrel for the outer part may be eliminated by using the bonded assembly of the inner parts as the tool or mandrel for fabricating each outer part.
  • a non-circular doorway opening may be cut out from any side wall and an oversized doorway hatch may be inserted inside the container.
  • the core material may not be included on one side of a container part, an opening may be cut in the outer wall, and a guillotine or sliding door installed in the space left by not including the core .
  • Door stops may be installed to prevent the door from sliding during transit of the container.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the problem solved by the invention where the container is a Unit Load Device
  • Fig. 2 shows one of the preferred construction configurations of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows another construction configuration of the invention.
  • the inventor has produced a completely new concept for blast protection containers, enabled in part by employing very different materials than currently used for container applications .
  • Current container materials such as thin aluminum or steel provide little or no blast protection.
  • Conventional materials exhibit relatively low specific strength and/or specific modulus. Consequently, blast resistant containers constructed using conventional materials do not offer a weight efficient solution.
  • a new class of materials enables a different approach. Such materials are similar to fiberglass in that they utilize a reinforcing fiber architecture, which is infused with a polymer resin matrix.
  • the most effective version of composite construction utilizes materials which exhibit high compressive and tensile specific strengths and high compressive and tensile specific moduli. Specific strength is defined as the ultimate compressive (or tensile) strength of the material divided by its density.
  • Specific modulus is the elastic compression (or tensile) modulus of the material divided by its density.
  • the polymer resin matrix is resistant to galvanic corrosion, solvents and chemical agents .
  • the inventor has developed a particularly suitable version of the material, described in a co-pending application.
  • the fiber reinforcement is treated with a special resin compatible sizing which develops a high specific laminate strength, high specific laminate modulus, high laminate strain to failure and high laminate fracture toughness. These materials have much higher resistance to blast per unit volume than metals.
  • Such materials offer a very different type of blast protection system.
  • Conventional metal ULD containers which offer little to no resistance to a bomb blast, weigh 150 to 300 pounds.
  • a container shown schematically as a ULD 1 contains items such as luggage 2. If an explosive device detonates in the container 3, the blast expands radially outward as a spherical overpressure front.
  • a conventional container such as an aluminum ULD, will be torn apart (i.e. rupture) by even a small bomb. Since the ULD' s are stored along the bottom of the aircraft fuselage, the blast pattern will likely blow through the fuselage, almost certainly causing the aircraft to fail .
  • a blast resistant composite for containers can be produced as follows .
  • a lay-up tool or mandrel in the shape of the container is required. Broadgoods are unrolled from the payout drum and deposited onto the lay-up tool. The width of the reinforcement fiber broadgoods is sufficient to cover the required width dimension of the container.
  • the reinforcement broadgoods are continuously wrapped around the tool (mandrel) in the direction represented by the black rectangles in 8, 11 and 16 of Figure 3, until the required laminate thickness is achieved.
  • a Compressor draws a vacuum for ply stack debulking (i.e. consolidation of stacked plies) . The Compressor is also used for Resin Infusion if the Tool is stacked with dry Broadgoods rather than prepreg.
  • a Convection Oven is used for Laminate Curing when Prepreg Broadgoods are used.
  • the Oven consists of insulated walls and a heater with a recirculating forced air blower. If Vacuum Infusion Processing is used to fabricate parts then resin drums and infusion lines facilitate the delivery of resin into the vacuum bagged dry stack of Broadgoods .
  • the composite may be produced using vacuum assisted resin infusion capability. The vacuum being drawn on the bag sucks air out of the bag while sucking resin into the bag and simultaneously serves to consolidate the layers of reinforcement.
  • the resin contains a catalyst which initiates the curing of the consolidated stack of plies at ambient temperature. Alternatively, the inventor believes a pre- impregnation manufacturing approach is also advantageous .
  • the reinforcing fiber is pre-impregnated (commonly referred to as prepreg) with partially cured (i.e. B-staged) resin while still in broadgoods tape or woven fabric form.
  • a release film is applied to the prepreg broadgoods which is peeled off prior to the stacking of prepreg layers onto the Tool or mold.
  • the prepreg stack is intermittently consolidated (i.e. debulked) by vacuum bagging until the required number of plies are deposited onto the Tool .
  • the ply stack is vacuum bagged and oven cured to net thickness. This approach eliminates the need for using wet resin during the fabrication of the container.
  • the above processes can be repeated over the tool several times to form a multi-layer laminate of the composite
  • blast protection requires three dimensional resistance.
  • a fundamental design principle in the containment of explosive detonations states that the greater the interior container volume (relative to the volume of explosive) the lower the areal density required to prevent container rupture (where areal density is defined as the weight per unit surface area of the container) .
  • container weight is the product of areal density and container surface area. Consequently, the optimum i.e. lightest container geometry for blast mitigation maximizes container internal volume while simultaneously minimizing container surface area. The geometry which best achieves this characteristic is a sphere.
  • the inventor uses a novel construction technique wherein a non-spherical geometry such as a cube, six-sided box or any other multi-faceted container, is made to act like a sphere in the way it reacts to internal pressure.
  • the container is constructed as three nested parts. Part B at 7 fits inside of Part A at 5. When put together the two parts may or may not be bonded together with adhesives .
  • the assembly may be mounted to a base 6 for some applications .
  • the third part C at 4 fits over the A/B assembly. C may or may not be bonded. Also, C may or may not contain a doorway cutout. However the door is a weak point.
  • a doorway is cut out in part A and part C, which has no doorway cutout, is only installed after the container is loaded. If a blast occurs the overpressure will cause dilation of A/B into the walls of C. A gasket or other seal can be employed between C and A/B.
  • the three nested parts provide three dimensional circumferential hoop constraint.
  • Each of the three parts A, B and C attempt to deform into a cylindrical shape as each part resists the blast overpressure. Circumferential hoop stresses are developed in the winding direction of the broadgoods associated with each part's geometry.
  • ULD containers are shown in the figures by way of example . This is a particularly suitable application of the invention. However any container requiring blast resistance to internal detonations is contemplated by the invention. Other examples include mail boxes and containerized shipping. Also, police, firemen or demolition teams may use the invention as a lightweight portable container to safely detonate abandoned or concealed terrorist bombs . The invention may also be used to safely store explosives where accidental or unanticipated detonation will not damage surrounding personnel or property.
  • Figure 3 shows the construction of a blast resistant container utilizing fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate skins in combination with core materials to form a sandwich type construction.
  • Part 8 is fabricated by winding dry fiber reinforcement broadgoods or pre-preg broadgoods around a tool or mandrel until the required laminate thickness is achieved.
  • the pre-preg stack of broadgoods is then vacuum bagged and oven cured in such a fashion whereby residual process induced compressive membrane stresses are developed in each part after polymerization (i.e. curing) is completed or, in the case of dry broadgoods, resin infused and cured using a catalyst curing agent contained in the resin.
  • Parts 11 and 16 are fabricated in similar fashion as Part 8 but on different sized mandrels.
  • the tool or mandrel for part 11 may be eliminated by using the bonded assembly of 8, 9 and 10 as the tool or mandrel for fabricating part 11.
  • the tool or mandrel for part 16 may be eliminated by using the bonded assembly of parts 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 as the tool or mandrel for fabricating part 16.
  • Low density core materials 9 and 10 may be bonded to the top and bottom of Part 8.
  • Low density core materials may- include but not be limited to, opened or closed cell foam, a honeycomb material, nomex, metal foam, balsa wood, etc.
  • the assembly comprising 8, 9 and 10 is then inserted and possibly- bonded into Part 11.
  • Low density core materials 12, 13, 14 and 15 may then be placed on or bonded to the nested assembly comprised by parts 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • the entire assembly made up of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 is inserted and possibly bonded into part 16.
  • the entire nested assembly made up of parts 8 through and including 16 may be bonded to a base plate 6 shown in Figure 2. In one rendering of the invention the footprint of base plate 6 may be made equal to or greater than the footprint of 16.
  • a non-circular doorway opening may be cut out from any- side wall and an oversized doorway hatch may be inserted inside the container.
  • an internal hatch geometry may be designed to fit through the doorway opening.
  • the surface area of the internal hatch is made to be greater than the surface area of the doorway opening.
  • one of the core material panels namely, 12, 13, 14 or 15 may be eliminated. If 13 or 15 is eliminated then a gap exists between part 11 and part 16. A doorway opening may be cut out through parts 11 and 16 on the side of the container where the gap was created by the elimination of either 13 or 15. This gap may be used to insert a guillotine door from above which bottoms out on the base plate 6 by gravity. Similarly, if 12 or 14 is eliminated then a gap exists between part 8 and 16. A doorway opening may be cut out through parts 8 and 16 on the side of the container where the gap was created by the elimination of either 12 or 14.
  • This gap may be used to insert a guillotine door from above which bottoms out on the base plate 6 by gravity.
  • door stops may be incorporated into the container.
  • the vertical guillotine door may become a left or right side sliding door by tipping the entire nested assembly on its side before bonding of the base plate 6.
  • the base plate 6 is then bonded to the side wall of part 16 which rests on the ground.
  • door stops may be incorporated into the container.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un conteneur léger résistant aux explosions qui est formé par des conteneurs constitués d'un composite fibreux de résine matrice polymère résistant aux explosions. L'invention utilise une nouvelle configuration de construction dans laquelle le conteneur est formé par l'emboîtement approprié de parties composites 4, 5 et 7 de façon à former un cube, une boîte ou une configuration géométrique à facettes multiples. En raison de cet emboîtement, la configuration géométrique en forme de boîte présente des caractéristiques selon lesquelles ladite configuration géométrique se comporte plus comme une sphère que comme une boîte lorsqu'elle est soumise à des pressions internes explosives. Cette approche permet d'optimiser le poids minimal en utilisant pleinement le volume matériel, ce qui permet de développer une résistance ultime à la traction simultanément partout dans le conteneur.
PCT/US2005/032959 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Conteneur léger résistant aux explosions WO2006137865A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/942,336 US20060065656A1 (en) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Lightweight blast resistant container
US10/942,336 2004-09-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006137865A2 true WO2006137865A2 (fr) 2006-12-28
WO2006137865A3 WO2006137865A3 (fr) 2007-07-12

Family

ID=36097856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/032959 WO2006137865A2 (fr) 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Conteneur léger résistant aux explosions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20060065656A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006137865A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8066503B2 (en) * 2005-10-25 2011-11-29 The Boeing Company Controlled delta pressure bulk resin infusion system
EP2492217B1 (fr) 2011-02-22 2013-11-20 Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. Système de conteneurs de chargement résistant contre le souffle, léger et entièrement à base de textile et son procédé de fabrication
US20130213562A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Mohammad R. Ehsani Continuous onsite-manufactured pipe
US20140323792A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-30 Mp Associates, Inc. Desensitizing explosive materials using a vacuum vessel
US11067368B1 (en) 2017-01-05 2021-07-20 Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Composite enclosure for explosive reactive armor and methods of manufacturing the same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5267665A (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-12-07 Sri International Hardened luggage container
US20040074592A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2004-04-22 Ashton Larry J. Resin impregnated multi orientation composite material

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6991124B1 (en) * 1995-09-25 2006-01-31 Alliedsignal Inc. Blast resistant and blast directing containers and methods of making
US6341708B1 (en) * 1995-09-25 2002-01-29 Alliedsignal Inc. Blast resistant and blast directing assemblies

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5267665A (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-12-07 Sri International Hardened luggage container
US20040074592A1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2004-04-22 Ashton Larry J. Resin impregnated multi orientation composite material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060065656A1 (en) 2006-03-30
WO2006137865A3 (fr) 2007-07-12

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