WO2006136335A1 - PROCESS FOR PROVIDING A CORROSION-PROTECTIVE LAYER OF TiO2 ON AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE AND METAL SUBSTRATE COATED WITH A LAYER OF TiO2 - Google Patents
PROCESS FOR PROVIDING A CORROSION-PROTECTIVE LAYER OF TiO2 ON AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE AND METAL SUBSTRATE COATED WITH A LAYER OF TiO2 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006136335A1 WO2006136335A1 PCT/EP2006/005792 EP2006005792W WO2006136335A1 WO 2006136335 A1 WO2006136335 A1 WO 2006136335A1 EP 2006005792 W EP2006005792 W EP 2006005792W WO 2006136335 A1 WO2006136335 A1 WO 2006136335A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of Ti ⁇ 2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions:
- Such Ti ⁇ 2 layer deposited electrochemically may serve as an appropriate primer layer for subsequent coating treatment (e.g. coating with organic materials, such as for instance lacquers, varnishes, paints, organic polymers, adhesives, etc.).
- organic materials such as for instance lacquers, varnishes, paints, organic polymers, adhesives, etc.
- the present invention relates to a metal substrate coated with a layer of TiO 2 produced by the process of the invention.
- the very common industrial task involves providing metallic or non-metallic substrates with a first coating, which has a corrosion-inhibiting effect and/or which constitutes a primer for the application thereon of a subsequent coating containing e.g. organic polymers.
- An example of such a task is the pre-treatment of metals prior to lacquer coating, for which various processes are available in the art. Examples of such processes are layer-forming or non-layer-forming phosphating, chromating or a chromium-free conversion treatment, for example using complex fluorides of titanium, zirconium, boron or silicon.
- Technically simpler to perform, but less effective, is the simple application of a primer coat to a metal prior to lacquer-coating thereof. An example of this is the application of red lead.
- a layer produced or applied in this way may serve as a corrosion-protective primer for subsequent lacquer coating.
- the layer may also constitute a primer for subsequent bonding.
- Metallic substrates in particular, but also substrates of plastics or glass, are frequently pre-treated chemically or mechanically prior to bonding in order to improve adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate.
- metal or plastics components may be bonded metal to metal, plastics to plastics or metal to plastics.
- front and rear windscreens of vehicles are as a rule bonded directly into the bodywork.
- Other examples of the use of coupling layers are to be found in the production of rubber/metal composites, in which once again the metal substrate is as a rule pre- treated mechanically or chemically before a coupling layer is applied for the purpose of bonding with rubber.
- the conventional wet or dry coating processes in each case exhibit particular disadvantages.
- chromating processes are disadvantageous from both an environmental and an economic point of view owing to the toxic properties of the chromium and the occurrence of highly toxic sludge.
- chromium- free wet processes such as phosphating, as a rule, also result in the production of sludge containing heavy metals, which has to be disposed of at some expense.
- Another disadvantage of conventional wet coating processes is the actual coating stage frequently has to be preceded or followed by further stages, thereby increasing the amount of space required for the treatment line and the consumption of chemicals.
- phosphating which is used virtually exclusively in automobile construction, entails serveral cleaning stages, an activation stage and generally a post-passivation stage. In all these stages, chemicals are consumed and waste is produced which has to be disposed of.
- dry coating processes entail fewer waste problems, they have the disadvantage of being technically complex to perform (for example requiring a vacuum) or of having high energy requirements. The high operating costs of these processes are therefore a consequence principally of plant costs and energy consumption.
- thin layers of metals compounds may be produced electrochemically on an electrically conductive substrate.
- metals compounds for example oxide layers
- an electrically conductive substrate for example, the articel by Y. Zhou and J. A. Switzer entitled ..Electrochemical Deposition and Microstructure of Copper (I) Oxide Films", Scripta Materialia, Vol. 38, No. 11 , pages 1731 to 1738 (1998), describes the electrochemical deposition and microstructure of copper (I) oxide films on stainless steel.
- the article investigates above all the influence of deposition conditions on the morphology of the oxide layers; it does not disclose any practical application of the layers.
- TiO 2 - layers are obtained on a Ti-sheet from H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution by anodic oxidation method. This is obtained at potentials below 50 V. However, this process can produce TiO 2 only on Ti-substrates by anodic oxidation.
- TiO 2 is obtained on a Ti-sheet from an aqueous solution containing 0.5 mol/L H 2 SO 4 and 0.03 mol/L HNO 3 by anodic oxidation method (titanium anodization). Constant current is 1 mA/cm 2 . The oxidation is performed in a cooled bath of 278 K to 283 K. However, this process can produce TiO 2 only on a Ti-substrate by anodic oxidation.
- EP 1 285 105 B1 discloses a process for producing a coating comprising at least two layers on an electrically conductive surface wherein in a first stage a chromium-free layer of at least one X-ray crystalline inorganic compound of at least one metal is electrochemically deposited of an electrically conductive surface from a solution containing the metal in dissolved form. Besides many other metals titanium is disclosed.
- corrosion-protective layers of TiO 2 are electrochemically deposited on a metal substrate from an electrodeposition material comprising titanyl sulfate or titanyl oxalate as titanium component, citrate or citric acid, tatric acid and tartrates, lactid acid and lactates as chelating agents and hydroxylamines and their derivates or nitrates as accelerators.
- this object can be achieved by the use of a special combination of process parameters during the electrodeposition.
- Subject-matter of the present invention therefore is a process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of TiO 2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions:
- the electroconductive substrate is selected from the group consisting of steel, especially cold rolled steel and galvanized steel, and aluminium.
- the TiO 2 layer preferably is deposited on the electrically conductive substrate with an essentially uniform layer thickness, calculated as weight per unit area, in the range of 0.01-3.5 g/m 2 , more preferably in the range of from 0.5-1.4 g/m 2 .
- the titanium compound is titanyl sulfate and/or titanyl oxalate (Kaliumoxalatotitanat)
- the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, citrates, tatric acid, tartrates, lactid acid, lactates, gluconic acid, gluconates, polyhydroxy-polycarbonic acids, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, methylglycinediacetate, iminodisuccinate, nitrilotriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetate, triethanolamine, phosphonic acid, poly- asparaginic acid and poly-acrylic acid and the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamines and their derivates, nitrates, H 2 O 2 and organic peroxides.
- the electrodeposition material preferably comprises 0,05 to 0,3 mol/l titanium compound, 0,01 to 0,2 mol/l complexing agent and 0,02 to 0,2 mol/l accelerator.
- the pH of the electrodeposition material preferably is 5 to 10, more preferably 6 to 9, most preferably 7,5 to 8,0.
- the electrodeposition material preferably comprises a polymeric cationic binder in addition to the components specified above.
- cationic binder all electrodepositabel resins known in the art may be used.
- cationic film-forming resins include amine salt group-containing resins such as the acid-solubilized reaction products of polyepoxides and primary or secondary amines. Usually, these amin salt group-containing resins are used in combination with a blocked isocyanate curing agent.
- quaternary ammonium salt group-containing resins can also be employed. Examples of these resins are those which are formed from reacting an organic polyepoxide with a tertiary amin salt.
- film-forming resins which cure via transesterification can be used.
- cationic compositions prepared from Mannich bases can be used. From an electrodeposition material comprising the components of the present invention combined with a polymeric cationic binder a layer Of TiO 2 and a resinous layer can be deposited simultaneously.
- the electrodeposition material of the present invention comprises the polymeric cationic binder in an amount of 5 to 60 % by weight based on the total weight of the electrodeposition material.
- the present invention further relates to a metal substrate coated with a layer of TiO 2 produced by the process of the present invention.
- the titanium compound was dissolved in deionized water (accelerated by heating to 30 to 50 0 C)
- the Complexing Agent was added.
- the pH was adjusted by the addition of KOH (0,5 to 1 ,5 mol/L) at a temperature of 45 to 60 0 C
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present relates to a process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of TiO2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions: current density: 0,01 to 100, preferably 0,1 to 20, more preferably 0,5 to 10 mA/cm2, coating time: 0,15 to 20, preferably 0,5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4 minutes, temperature: 0 to 100, preferably 20 to 60 °C, pH: 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 9, more preferably 7,5 to 8,0. The invention further relates to a metal substrate coated with a layer of TiO2 produced by the process of the invention.
Description
Process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of TiO2 on an electrically conductive substrate and metal substrate coated with a layer Of TiO2
The present invention relates to a Process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of Tiθ2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions:
current density: 0,01 to 100, preferably 0,1 to 20, more preferably 0,5 to 10 mA/cm2 coating time: 0,15 to 20, preferably 0,5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4 minutes temperature: 0 to 100, preferably 20 to 60 0C pH: 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 9, more preferably 7,5 to 8,0.
Such Tiθ2 layer deposited electrochemically may serve as an appropriate primer layer for subsequent coating treatment (e.g. coating with organic materials, such as for instance lacquers, varnishes, paints, organic polymers, adhesives, etc.).
Further, according to a second aspect of the invention, the present invention relates to a metal substrate coated with a layer of TiO2 produced by the process of the invention.
The very common industrial task involves providing metallic or non-metallic substrates with a first coating, which has a corrosion-inhibiting effect and/or which constitutes a primer for the application thereon of a subsequent coating containing e.g. organic polymers. An example of such a task is the pre-treatment of metals prior to lacquer coating, for which various processes are available in the art. Examples of such processes are layer-forming or non-layer-forming phosphating, chromating or a chromium-free conversion treatment, for example using complex
fluorides of titanium, zirconium, boron or silicon. Technically simpler to perform, but less effective, is the simple application of a primer coat to a metal prior to lacquer-coating thereof. An example of this is the application of red lead. An alternative to so-called ,,wet" processes are so-called ,,dry" processes, in which a corrosion-protection or coupling layer is applied by gas phase deposition. Such processes are known, for example, as PVD or CVD processes. They may be assisted electrically, for example by plasma discharge.
A layer produced or applied in this way may serve as a corrosion-protective primer for subsequent lacquer coating. However, the layer may also constitute a primer for subsequent bonding. Metallic substrates in particular, but also substrates of plastics or glass, are frequently pre-treated chemically or mechanically prior to bonding in order to improve adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate. For example, in vehicle or equipment construction, metal or plastics components may be bonded metal to metal, plastics to plastics or metal to plastics. At present, front and rear windscreens of vehicles are as a rule bonded directly into the bodywork. Other examples of the use of coupling layers are to be found in the production of rubber/metal composites, in which once again the metal substrate is as a rule pre- treated mechanically or chemically before a coupling layer is applied for the purpose of bonding with rubber.
The conventional wet or dry coating processes in each case exhibit particular disadvantages. For example, chromating processes are disadvantageous from both an environmental and an economic point of view owing to the toxic properties of the chromium and the occurrence of highly toxic sludge. However, chromium- free wet processes, such as phosphating, as a rule, also result in the production of sludge containing heavy metals, which has to be disposed of at some expense. Another disadvantage of conventional wet coating processes is the actual coating stage frequently has to be preceded or followed by further stages, thereby increasing the amount of space required for the treatment line and the consumption of chemicals. For example, phosphating, which is used virtually exclusively in automobile construction, entails serveral cleaning stages, an
activation stage and generally a post-passivation stage. In all these stages, chemicals are consumed and waste is produced which has to be disposed of.
Although dry coating processes entail fewer waste problems, they have the disadvantage of being technically complex to perform (for example requiring a vacuum) or of having high energy requirements. The high operating costs of these processes are therefore a consequence principally of plant costs and energy consumption.
Further, it is known from the prior art that thin layers of metals compounds, for example oxide layers, may be produced electrochemically on an electrically conductive substrate. For example, the articel by Y. Zhou and J. A. Switzer entitled ..Electrochemical Deposition and Microstructure of Copper (I) Oxide Films", Scripta Materialia, Vol. 38, No. 11 , pages 1731 to 1738 (1998), describes the electrochemical deposition and microstructure of copper (I) oxide films on stainless steel. The article investigates above all the influence of deposition conditions on the morphology of the oxide layers; it does not disclose any practical application of the layers.
According the Blandeu et al. in Thin Solid Film, 42, 147 (1997) (Abstract), TiO2- layers are obtained on a Ti-sheet from H2SO4 aqueous solution by anodic oxidation method. This is obtained at potentials below 50 V. However, this process can produce TiO2 only on Ti-substrates by anodic oxidation.
According to Nogami et al. in J. Electrochem. Soc, 135, 3008 (1988) (Abstract), TiO2 is obtained on a Ti-sheet from an aqueous solution containing 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 0.03 mol/L HNO3 by anodic oxidation method (titanium anodization). Constant current is 1 mA/cm2. The oxidation is performed in a cooled bath of 278 K to 283 K. However, this process can produce TiO2 only on a Ti-substrate by anodic oxidation.
Further EP 1 285 105 B1 discloses a process for producing a coating comprising at least two layers on an electrically conductive surface wherein in a first stage a chromium-free layer of at least one X-ray crystalline inorganic compound of at least one metal is electrochemically deposited of an electrically conductive surface from a solution containing the metal in dissolved form. Besides many other metals titanium is disclosed.
According to the applicant's not yet published application PCT/EP2004/014140 corrosion-protective layers of TiO2 are electrochemically deposited on a metal substrate from an electrodeposition material comprising titanyl sulfate or titanyl oxalate as titanium component, citrate or citric acid, tatric acid and tartrates, lactid acid and lactates as chelating agents and hydroxylamines and their derivates or nitrates as accelerators.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a further electrodeposition process for the electrochemical deposition of a corrosion-protective layer of TΪO2 on an electrically conductive substrate which result in TiO2 layers providing excellent corrosion protection and which may serve as an excellent primer layer for subsequent coating treatment.
Surprisingly this object can be achieved by the use of a special combination of process parameters during the electrodeposition.
Subject-matter of the present invention therefore is a process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of TiO2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions:
current density: 0,01 to 100, preferably 0,1 to 20, more preferably 0,5 to 10 mA/cm2
coating time: 0,15 to 20, preferably 0,5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4 minutes temperature: 0 to 100, preferably 20 to 60 0C pH: 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 9, more preferably 7,5 to 8,0.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
Preferably the electroconductive substrate is selected from the group consisting of steel, especially cold rolled steel and galvanized steel, and aluminium.
The TiO2 layer preferably is deposited on the electrically conductive substrate with an essentially uniform layer thickness, calculated as weight per unit area, in the range of 0.01-3.5 g/m2, more preferably in the range of from 0.5-1.4 g/m2.
In the process of the present invention it is preferred that the titanium compound is titanyl sulfate and/or titanyl oxalate (Kaliumoxalatotitanat), the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, citrates, tatric acid, tartrates, lactid acid, lactates, gluconic acid, gluconates, polyhydroxy-polycarbonic acids, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, methylglycinediacetate, iminodisuccinate, nitrilotriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetate, triethanolamine, phosphonic acid, poly- asparaginic acid and poly-acrylic acid and the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamines and their derivates, nitrates, H2O2 and organic peroxides.
The electrodeposition material preferably comprises 0,05 to 0,3 mol/l titanium compound, 0,01 to 0,2 mol/l complexing agent and 0,02 to 0,2 mol/l accelerator.
The pH of the electrodeposition material preferably is 5 to 10, more preferably 6 to 9, most preferably 7,5 to 8,0.
The electrodeposition material preferably comprises a polymeric cationic binder in addition to the components specified above. As the cationic binder all
electrodepositabel resins known in the art may be used. Examples of such cationic film-forming resins include amine salt group-containing resins such as the acid-solubilized reaction products of polyepoxides and primary or secondary amines. Usually, these amin salt group-containing resins are used in combination with a blocked isocyanate curing agent. Besides amin salt group-containing resins, quaternary ammonium salt group-containing resins can also be employed. Examples of these resins are those which are formed from reacting an organic polyepoxide with a tertiary amin salt. Also, film-forming resins which cure via transesterification can be used. Further, cationic compositions prepared from Mannich bases can be used. From an electrodeposition material comprising the components of the present invention combined with a polymeric cationic binder a layer Of TiO2 and a resinous layer can be deposited simultaneously.
Preferably the electrodeposition material of the present invention comprises the polymeric cationic binder in an amount of 5 to 60 % by weight based on the total weight of the electrodeposition material.
The present invention further relates to a metal substrate coated with a layer of TiO2 produced by the process of the present invention.
Illustrating the invention are the following examples which, however, are not to be considered as limiting the invention to their details. All parts and percentages in the following examples as well as throughout the specification are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Examples
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Example 9
Example 11
Example 14
Preparing of the electrodeposition material:
The titanium compound was dissolved in deionized water (accelerated by heating to 30 to 500C)
The Complexing Agent was added.
Thereafter, the accelerator and optionally the additives were added.
The pH was adjusted by the addition of KOH (0,5 to 1 ,5 mol/L) at a temperature of 45 to 600C
Claims
1. Process for providing a corrosion-protective layer of TiO2 on an electrically conductive substrate by electrodeposition of a electrodeposition material comprising a titanium compound, a complexing agent, water and optionally an accelerator, organic solvents, buffering agents and one or more additives, characterized in that the electrodeposition is carried out under the following conditions: current density: 0,01 to 100, preferably 0,1 to 20, more preferably 0,5 to 10 mA/cm2 coating time: 0,15 to 20, preferably 0,5 to 10, more preferably 1 to 4 minutes temperature: 0 to 100, preferably 20 to 60 0C pH: 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 9, more preferably 7,5 to 8,0.
2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electroconductive substrate is selected from the group consisting of steel, especially cold rolled steel and galvanized steel, and aluminium.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Tiθ2-layer is deposited on the electrically conductive substrate with an essentially uniform layer thickness, calculated as weight per unit area, in the range of from 0,01 to 3,5 g/m2, preferably in the range of from 0,5 to 1 ,4 g/m2.
4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the titanium compound is titanyl sulfate and/or titanyl oxalate, the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, citrates, tatric acid, tartrates, lactid acid, lactates, gluconic acid, gluconates, polyhydroxy-polycarbonic acids, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, methylglycinediacetate, iminodisuccinate, nitrilotriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetate, triethanolamine, phosphonic acid, poly-asparaginic acid and poly-acrylic acid and the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamines and their derivates, nitrates, H2O2 and organic peroxides.
5. Process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrodeposition material comprises 0,05 to 0,3 mol/l titanium compound, 0,01 to 0,2 mol/l complexing agent and 0,02 to 0,2 mol/l accelerator.
6. Process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrodeposition material further comprises a polymeric cationic binder.
7. Process according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrodeposition material comprises the polymeric cationic binder in an amount of 5 to 60 % by weight based on the total weight of the electrodeposition material.
8. A metal substrate coated with a layer of TΪO2 produced by the process of claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05013423 | 2005-06-22 | ||
| EP05013423.8 | 2005-06-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006136335A1 true WO2006136335A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/005792 Ceased WO2006136335A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2006-06-16 | PROCESS FOR PROVIDING A CORROSION-PROTECTIVE LAYER OF TiO2 ON AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE AND METAL SUBSTRATE COATED WITH A LAYER OF TiO2 |
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| WO (1) | WO2006136335A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106757249A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of cathode surface nanosecond pulsed electric field prepares the solution and preparation method of nano thin-film |
| US9859038B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-01-02 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Surface modified overhead conductor |
| US10246791B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2019-04-02 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Electrodeposition mediums for formation of protective coatings electrochemically deposited on metal substrates |
| US10726975B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories |
| US10957468B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2021-03-23 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Coated overhead conductors and methods |
| WO2023141281A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Microstructure control of sol-gel with feature fill capabilities |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3864224A (en) * | 1971-04-28 | 1975-02-04 | Imp Metal Ind Hynoch Limited | Preparation of oxides |
| JPH11158691A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Aqueous solution for forming titanium oxide film, and production of titanium oxide film |
| DE10022074A1 (en) * | 2000-05-06 | 2001-11-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Protective or priming layer for sheet metal, comprises inorganic compound of different metal with low phosphate ion content, electrodeposited from solution |
| EP1548157A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-29 | Henkel KGaA | Corrosion-protection by electrochemical deposition of metal oxide layers on metal substrates |
-
2006
- 2006-06-16 WO PCT/EP2006/005792 patent/WO2006136335A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3864224A (en) * | 1971-04-28 | 1975-02-04 | Imp Metal Ind Hynoch Limited | Preparation of oxides |
| JPH11158691A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-06-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Aqueous solution for forming titanium oxide film, and production of titanium oxide film |
| DE10022074A1 (en) * | 2000-05-06 | 2001-11-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Protective or priming layer for sheet metal, comprises inorganic compound of different metal with low phosphate ion content, electrodeposited from solution |
| EP1548157A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-29 | Henkel KGaA | Corrosion-protection by electrochemical deposition of metal oxide layers on metal substrates |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE JPTO 2000, "http://dossier1.ipdl.ncipi.go.jp/AIPN/aipn_call_transl.ipdl?N0000=7413&N0120=01&N2001=2&N3001=H11-158691" * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 11 30 September 1999 (1999-09-30) * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9859038B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-01-02 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Surface modified overhead conductor |
| US10586633B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2020-03-10 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Surface modified overhead conductor |
| US10957468B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2021-03-23 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Coated overhead conductors and methods |
| US10246791B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2019-04-02 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Electrodeposition mediums for formation of protective coatings electrochemically deposited on metal substrates |
| US10726975B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | General Cable Technologies Corporation | Electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories |
| CN106757249A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of cathode surface nanosecond pulsed electric field prepares the solution and preparation method of nano thin-film |
| CN106757249B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-01-15 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of cathode surface nanosecond pulsed electric field prepares the solution and preparation method of nano thin-film |
| WO2023141281A1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-27 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Microstructure control of sol-gel with feature fill capabilities |
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