WO2006133613A1 - Procédé de réduction des effets de blocs d’image - Google Patents

Procédé de réduction des effets de blocs d’image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006133613A1
WO2006133613A1 PCT/CN2006/000650 CN2006000650W WO2006133613A1 WO 2006133613 A1 WO2006133613 A1 WO 2006133613A1 CN 2006000650 W CN2006000650 W CN 2006000650W WO 2006133613 A1 WO2006133613 A1 WO 2006133613A1
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Prior art keywords
image block
image
block
adjacent
quantized
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PCT/CN2006/000650
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Zhong Luo
Fuzheng Yang
Shuai Wan
Yilin Chang
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2006133613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006133613A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/527—Global motion vector estimation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of image processing techniques, and more particularly to a method of reducing image block effects. Background of the invention
  • the video compression coding method used in video communication is mainly based on the block-based DCT (B-DCT) method.
  • B-DCT block-based DCT
  • the block effect is a phenomenon introduced artificially in the video compression coding of images. It is not included in natural images, so it is also called Block Artifacts.
  • the block effect is one of the main distortions in B-DCT compressed video. Especially in low bit rate compressed video, the block effect seriously affects the subjective shield and objective quality (PSNR) of the video.
  • the first method is a filtering post-processing method, that is, after the image is decoded at the receiving end, the post-processing method reduces the block effect to some extent.
  • the filtering processing method mainly includes a smoothing filtering method and a loop filtering method.
  • the smoothing filtering method can be divided into linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, neural network filtering and filtering based on fuzzy set theory.
  • Loop filtering is defined in many international standards.
  • the post-processing algorithms such as smoothing and loop filtering can improve the square effect
  • the image texture edges and squares cannot be distinguished due to the lack of information of the original image.
  • the edge caused by the effect is easy to introduce additional video blur, and as a result, the real details of the image are blurred or the square effect cannot be eliminated.
  • the second method is the overlapping image block DCT, which is mainly reduced by processing at the encoding end.
  • the implementation principle of this type of method is as follows: First, the image is divided into a series of 8x8 image blocks, which are overlapping, for example, there may be 2 rows and 2 columns of pixels overlap between two adjacent image blocks. By overlapping the individual image blocks, the block effect can be eliminated to some extent.
  • the present invention proposes a method of processing at the encoding end to reduce the image block effect, the purpose of which is to effectively reduce the image block effect.
  • a further object of the present invention is to reduce the computational complexity of the overall process, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process.
  • the present invention provides a method of reducing image block effects, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the image block is an image block in which the current image is intra-coded, or a residual block obtained by motion estimation in inter-frame coding.
  • the step of selecting the image block to be processed in the current image as described in step A is: selecting all the image blocks in the current image as image blocks to be processed.
  • the step of selecting the image block to be processed in the current image as described in step A includes:
  • AO 1. Calculate a blockiness metric of the image block according to pixel values of each image block and its adjacent image blocks in the current image;
  • A02. Select a predetermined number of image blocks as the image block to be processed according to the block effect metric in descending order, or select an image block whose block effect metric is above a predetermined value as the image block to be processed.
  • the formula for calculating the blockiness metric of the image block in step A01 is: t(f B -f BL m ⁇ or
  • BEM(B, B L , B R , B T , B M ) represents the blockiness metric of the image block
  • f B ( , j represents the pixel value of the (/, _; ⁇ ) pixel of image block B
  • f indicates the left side of the image block B Adjacent neighboring image block B L
  • the pixel value of the ( )th pixel representing the adjacent image block B R adjacent to the right side of the image block indicates the pixel value of the ( ⁇ )th pixel of the adjacent image block ⁇ ⁇ adjacent to the upper side of the image block B
  • f BB (i, j) represents the pixel value of the ( ⁇ )th pixel of the adjacent image block B B adjacent to the lower side of the image block B
  • 0 ⁇ i ⁇ k, 0 ⁇ j ⁇ k, k+1 is an image The length of the side of the block.
  • the step of determining the range of values of the quantized DCT coefficients in step A includes:
  • u and V are the coordinates of the frequency domain
  • F D (u, v) is the DCT coefficient before quantization
  • Q(u, v) is the quantization step size
  • F Q (u, v) is the quantized DCT coefficient
  • L " represents an integer value closest to X and less than or equal to X.
  • the operation "l” represents an integer value that is closest to X and greater than or equal to X.
  • the step B includes:
  • step B13 Calculating a blockiness metric of the image block according to the plurality of restored pixel values of the image block and pixel values of the adjacent image blocks thereof; B14.
  • the quantized value corresponding to the smallest block effect metric in step B13 is selected as the quantization result.
  • the formula used in the calculation of the step B13 is: Bm-f BL (m 2 - or
  • BEM (B, B L , B R , B T , B M ) represents a blockiness metric after image block B recovery, and represents a restored pixel value of the pixel of image block B
  • the pixel value of the pixel adjacent to the adjacent adjacent image block B B , and 0 ⁇ i ⁇ k, 0 ⁇ j ⁇ k, k+1 is the side length of the image block.
  • the step of selecting the quantized DCT coefficients to be adjusted in the image block in step B11 is: selecting all quantized DCT coefficients or F(0, 0) of the image block as the quantized DCT coefficients to be adjusted.
  • the step of selecting the quantized DCT coefficients to be adjusted in the image block in step B11 is: selecting the quantized DCT coefficients F (0, 0) to F (0, m) and F (1, 0) to F ( m, 0) is the quantized DCT coefficient that needs to be adjusted, where 0 ⁇ m ⁇ k, and k+1 is the side length of the image block.
  • the invention Based on the analysis of the cause of the block effect, the invention adjusts the DCT coefficient according to the DCT transform to reduce the block effect and effectively improve the subjective quality and objective quality of the video. Since the encoding end can clearly know the information of the original image at the boundary of the image block, the method of the present invention is able to distinguish the edge caused by the image texture edge and the square effect without introducing additional video blur.
  • the algorithm in the method of the invention has lower computational complexity and improves the efficiency of the processing.
  • the method of the present invention is compatible with standards and does not require any adjustments to the decoder; it reduces the square effect without damaging the details of the image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of adjacent image blocks in an image.
  • Figure 3 (a) is a block effect comparison of the Foreman sequence
  • Figure 3 (b) is a block effect comparison of the Claire sequence
  • Figure 3 (c) is a block effect comparison of the Carphone sequence
  • Figure 3 (d) is the News sequence The block effect comparison chart.
  • the abscissa in Figure 3 (a) ⁇ (d) To quantify the step size (indicated by QP in the figure), the ordinate is the block effect, which is the block effect metric.
  • 4(a) is a block diagram of the image of the 10th frame of the Foreman sequence without the technical solution of the present invention
  • FIG. 4(b) is a diagram of the Foreman sequence using the technical scheme of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5(a) is a block diagram of the image of the 10th frame of the Marie sequence without the technical solution of the present invention
  • Fig. 5(b) is a block diagram showing the image of the 10th frame of the Claire sequence using the technical scheme of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • DCT transform cosine transform
  • IDCT inverse discrete cosine transform
  • x, y are the coordinates of the spatial domain
  • u, v are the coordinates of the frequency domain
  • (, V ) represents the DCT coefficient
  • Equation (1) gives the DCT for the gray level of the image pixels.
  • the image pixel gray level is the gray level of the pixel itself;
  • the image pixel gray level is a gray of the motion prediction residual pixel degree.
  • the compressed image block can be subjected to IDCT by equation (2), and decompressed back to the spatial domain.
  • the image block in .
  • the DCT coefficient In the DCT coefficient, , 0) is called DC coefficient, and other DCT coefficients are called AC coefficients.
  • the DC coefficient in the DCT coefficient is proportional to the average value of the pixel gray level of the image block
  • the high frequency AC coefficient indicates the intensity and direction of the object edge in the image, for example, the (0, ⁇ ) coefficient reflects the change of the image in the horizontal direction, And ⁇ , 0) reflects the change of the image in the vertical direction.
  • F R F Q (u,v)Q( ,v) (5)
  • D denotes the DCT coefficient before quantization
  • E e denotes the quantized DCT coefficient
  • F R denotes the restored DCT coefficient
  • e( ,v) Representing the quantization step size
  • the round(x) function represents the rounding process, which is commonly referred to as rounding.
  • the quantization error of the DCT coefficient is:
  • E,(0,0) E s (0,0)x8 (8)
  • the DC coefficient quantization error is obtained by IDCT to obtain the pixel error of the spatial domain.
  • the contribution of F ( 0,0 ) to the gray level of each pixel in the 8x8 image block is:
  • the error generated by the image block/each pixel is:
  • the pixels of the image block /; and / 2 have continuity at the boundary, thereby reducing the generation of the square effect.
  • the quantization error of the DCT coefficients of the adjacent image blocks can be made as continuous as possible, so that adjacent image blocks can be made.
  • the edge boundaries are as continuous as possible, effectively reducing the square effect in the coded reconstructed video.
  • the core idea of the present invention is: in the image compression coding process, selecting an image block to be processed in the current image, and determining a range of values of the quantized DCT coefficients; and then according to the selected image block and its neighbors a pixel value of the image block, and the quantized DCT coefficient of the selected image block is adjusted within the value range to obtain a quantization result; and then, the image is compression-encoded according to the obtained quantization result.
  • a video sequence consists of multiple frames, each frame being a digital image.
  • Video compression encoding of the video digital image begins with the first frame of the video sequence and sequentially processes subsequent frames. When processing each frame of digital image, it takes several steps.
  • the video compression coding process if the current frame is an intra-coded frame, that is, an I frame, DCT transform and DCT coefficient quantization processing are directly performed for each image block; if the current frame is an inter-coded frame, that is, a P frame, First, motion estimation is needed, and a motion vector of a macroblock (Macroblock) and a reference macroblock of the macroblock in the previous frame are obtained according to motion estimation, and the macroblock is calculated relative to the foregoing
  • the motion prediction residual block of the reference macroblock of one frame since the size of the macroblock is generally 16x16 pixels, the residual block can be divided into four 8x8 residual blocks, and then DCT transform and DCT are performed for each residual block.
  • Coefficient quantization processing Whether it is an I frame or a P frame, after performing DCT coefficient quantization, it is necessary to perform video compression coding such as entropy coding according to the quantization result.
  • Embodiments of the present invention quantize portions of the DCT coefficients throughout the process described above.
  • the image block described in the embodiment of the present invention may be an image block in which the current image is intra-coded, or may be a residual block obtained by motion estimation in inter-frame coding.
  • the size of the image block may be 4x4, 8x4, 4x8, 8x8, 16x16 or other sizes. For the convenience of description, an 8x8 image block is taken as an example in the embodiment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 100 Select an image block to be processed in the current image, and determine a range of values of the quantized DCT coefficients.
  • the image block to be processed is selected in the current image, and all image blocks in the current image may be selected, or a part of the image block in the current image may be selected according to certain criteria.
  • the following describes a method for selecting the image blocks to be processed according to the Block Effect Metric (BEM) of each image block.
  • BEM Block Effect Metric
  • B L , B R , ⁇ ⁇ , and B B respectively represent adjacent image blocks adjacent to the left side of the image block B, adjacent to the right side, adjacent to the upper side, and adjacent to the lower side. .
  • the neighboring block that is, B R is B L , that is, B R is copied to B L ;
  • B R the left side of the image block B, that is, B L can be used as B R , that is, Copy to B R ; of course, you can use other methods instead of the actual image.
  • Adjacent image blocks such as image blocks that set a specific pixel value, are substituted for them.
  • the blockiness metric BEM (B, B L , B R , B T , B M ) of image block B is calculated by equation (10) or formula (11).
  • / represents the pixel value of the (J)th pixel of the image block B, and represents the pixel value of the (,)th pixel of the adjacent image block B L adjacent to the left side of the image block B, f Bi fi,j)
  • the pixel value of the (W)th pixel of the adjacent image block B R adjacent to the right side of the image block B indicates the pixel value of the ( ) th pixel of the adjacent image block ⁇ adjacent to the upper side of the image block B, indicating The adjacent image block B B adjacent to the lower side of the image block B
  • the quantized DCT coefficient ⁇ 0 of the image block B is determined by the formula (12) and the formula (13), (0 ⁇ " ⁇ ⁇ 7) Maximum value FQ, MAX ( U, V ) and minimum value FQ, MIN '( U 5 V ): F D (u, v)
  • the value range of the quantized DCT coefficient is determined to be between the maximum value and the minimum value, that is, the quantized DCT coefficient of the image block B is allowed; 3 ⁇ 4( M , V )(0 ⁇ u, v ⁇ 7)
  • the quantized result varies between the above maximum and minimum values.
  • Step 200 Adjust the quantized DCT coefficients of the selected image block within the value range according to the selected image block and the pixel values of the adjacent image blocks.
  • each quantized DCT coefficient E e ( w , v) of image block B (0 ⁇ w , v ⁇ 7) can be
  • the 0th pixel of B R the pixel value of the pixel, (/, ) represents the pixel value of the ⁇ pixel of the adjacent image block ⁇ ⁇ adjacent to the upper side of the image block B, and f BB (i, ⁇ indicates the lower side of the image block B
  • the quantized result corresponding to the smallest BEM is used as the final quantized DCT coefficient of the image block B, that is, the quantized DCT coefficient of the image block B is adjusted to
  • the DCT coefficient corresponding to the minimum BEM may take a value.
  • the final quantized DCT coefficient ie only the amount
  • the DCT coefficient after Q(u,v) is determined, and the calculation complexity of the final quantized DCT coefficient of the pixel image block B is determined to be greatly reduced.
  • the block effect is mainly caused by the quantization error of several DCT coefficients, such as E(0,0), (0,1), E(0,2), E(1,0), ( 2,0). Therefore, in addition to selecting all the quantized coefficients for processing, the present invention can also select several main DCT coefficients such as (0, 0), (0, 1), E (0, 2), E (1, 0), E(2,0) performs the above-mentioned "flexible" processing in the quantization process, and the other DCT coefficients are processed in accordance with the general quantization process.
  • the mouth only considers F D (u,v) Fp(u,v)
  • the present invention can be further simplified to perform the above-mentioned "flexibility, processing, and other DCT coefficients for the quantization process of only three DCT coefficients of (0, 0), (0, 1), and E (1, 0). Processed according to the general quantization process. Only consider these 3 DCT coefficients only
  • the DCT coefficients need to be "flexibly” processed during the quantization process.
  • the present invention can also target (0,0), E(0,1)... (0,w), (1,0), E(2,0)....,0) 2m+l
  • the DCT coefficient performs the above-mentioned "flexible" processing in the quantization process, and the other DCT coefficients are processed according to the general quantization process, and the above 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 7
  • Step 300 After performing the above processing to obtain a quantized result, the compression encoding of the image is continued according to the obtained quantized result.
  • the quantized result includes the quantized DCT coefficients obtained by performing the above "flexible” processing and the DCT coefficients obtained according to the general quantization process.
  • the video encoder uses a video encoder based on the H.263 international standard, and the video digital image uses the standard image sequences "Foreman”, “Claire”, “Carphone” and “News” in QCIF format (176x144 pixels). 100 frames of images, and intra-frame coding, with a quantization step size of 10 ⁇ 25.
  • N takes 15% of the total number of image blocks in one frame image;
  • the DCT coefficients for "flexible” processing are: (0,0), (0,1), F(0,2), (1,0), and E(2,0), and these
  • Figure 3 (a) is a block effect comparison of the Foreman sequence
  • Figure 3 (b) is a block effect comparison of the Claire sequence
  • Figure 3 (c) is a block effect comparison of the Carphone sequence
  • Figure 3 (d) is the News sequence. Comparison of the block effect, and Figure 3 (a), Figure 3 (b), Figure 3 (c).
  • the curve with " ⁇ ” is the square effect curve produced by the general quantization process of the DCT coefficients in the prior art
  • the curve with "*” A block effect graph produced by the "flexible” processing of the DCT coefficients of the present invention.
  • the present invention significantly reduces the square effect in the image.
  • the present invention reduces the block effect of restoring video by the "flexible" quantization process of the DCT coefficient, which can greatly improve the subjective quality and objective quality of the video.
  • the quantized result of the DCT coefficient is not statistically optimal, and slightly deviates from the optimal DCT coefficient quantization result, so the compression efficiency is slightly reduced.
  • the average bit rate of compressed video is increased by up to 0.19%, and the effect of this increase is very small.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un procédé de réduction des effets de blocs d’image. Le procédé comprend les phases suivantes : A. sélection de blocs d’image qui nécessitent d’être traités en image actuelle et détermination de la gamme des valeurs de coefficients TCD quantifiés ; B. réglage des valeurs sélectionnées des coefficients TCD quantifiés des blocs d’image dans la gamme selon les blocs d’image sélectionnés et les valeurs de pixels des blocs d’image adjacents aux blocs d’image sélectionnés, et obtention du résultat de quantification ; et C. réalisation du codage compressé d’image selon le résultat de la quantification. Dans l’invention, la quantification des coefficients TCD est ajustée selon la nature de la TCD, de manière à ce que les effets de blocs soient réduits, et la qualité objective et la qualité subjective des images animées soient améliorées sans causer d’illisibilité supplémentaire des images animées. La complexité de calcul du procédé selon l’invention est faible ; ainsi, l’efficacité du procédé est améliorée. En outre, le procédé selon l’invention est compatible avec le standard. Ainsi, il n’est pas nécessaire de régler le décodeur et le détail de l’image ne risque pas d’être dégradé tandis que les effets de blocs sont réduits.
PCT/CN2006/000650 2005-06-15 2006-04-11 Procédé de réduction des effets de blocs d’image WO2006133613A1 (fr)

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CN101605257B (zh) * 2008-06-11 2011-04-13 北京中创信测科技股份有限公司 一种块效应分析方法及系统
CN101321289B (zh) * 2008-06-13 2010-10-20 北京大学 手机电视中视频图像的处理方法、系统及装置
EP2304958B1 (fr) 2008-06-27 2018-03-21 Thomson Licensing DTV Procédés et appareil pour la compression de texture à l'aide d'une synthèse de texture d'échantillonnage par surfaces paramétriques
JP2012169762A (ja) * 2011-02-10 2012-09-06 Sony Corp 画像符号化装置と画像復号化装置およびその方法とプログラム
CN104935946B (zh) * 2015-06-12 2017-12-26 珠海市杰理科技股份有限公司 改善数字图像方块效应的方法和系统
CN107105245B (zh) * 2017-05-26 2019-08-06 西安电子科技大学 基于tms320c6678芯片的高速jpeg图像压缩方法
CN107948643B (zh) * 2017-11-27 2020-10-23 珠海亿智电子科技有限公司 一种降低jpeg图像方块效应的方法
CN108184129B (zh) * 2017-12-11 2020-01-10 北京大学 一种视频编解码方法、装置及用于图像滤波的神经网络
CN113645466B (zh) * 2021-06-29 2024-03-08 深圳市迪威码半导体有限公司 一种基于随机概率的图像去块算法
CN118101937B (zh) * 2024-04-19 2024-07-16 深圳对对科技有限公司 一种多媒体智能社交平台的素材高效传输方法及系统

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