WO2006111809A1 - Systeme d'equilibrage des lignes de communication comprenant une couche de recouvrement cellulaire et des reseaux ad hoc - Google Patents

Systeme d'equilibrage des lignes de communication comprenant une couche de recouvrement cellulaire et des reseaux ad hoc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006111809A1
WO2006111809A1 PCT/IB2006/000869 IB2006000869W WO2006111809A1 WO 2006111809 A1 WO2006111809 A1 WO 2006111809A1 IB 2006000869 W IB2006000869 W IB 2006000869W WO 2006111809 A1 WO2006111809 A1 WO 2006111809A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
hoc
load
related information
load balancing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2006/000869
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English (en)
Inventor
Siamäk NAGHIAN
Original Assignee
Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/132,283 external-priority patent/US20060239207A1/en
Application filed by Nokia Siemens Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Publication of WO2006111809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006111809A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
    • H04W28/0883—Load balancing or load distribution between entities in ad-hoc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and methods of balancing load and link establishment in a network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay network, such as a cellular or non-cellular wireless network.
  • Ad hoc networks can be formed based on various networking paradigms: while some of them are formed independently others can benefit, to some extent, from the infrastructure assistance e.g. in terms of routing, security, etc.
  • ad hoc networks can be called stand-alone or infrastructure and self-organized ad hoc networks and semi-infrastructure ad hoc networks e.g. combined cellular and ad hoc networks.
  • the term "mesh" is occasionally used to refer to the self-organized networks particularly when the nodes are stationary and the network is capable of handling higher bitrate and wider coverage e.g. for Wide Area Network and broadband access to the Internet.
  • Mobile ad hoc networks consist of nodes, e.g.
  • terminal devices that move freely and communicate with other via wireless links.
  • All nodes are alike and all are mobile. There are no base stations to coordinate the activities of subsets of nodes. Therefore, all the nodes have to collectively make decisions. All communication is over wireless links.
  • a wireless link can be established between a pair of nodes only if they are within wireless range of each other.
  • Beacon signals can be used to determine the presence of neighboring nodes. After the absence of some number of successive beacon signals from a neighboring node, it is con- eluded that the node is no longer a neighbor.
  • Two nodes (source and destination nodes) that have a wireless link henceforth, be said to be one wireless hop away from each other.
  • MACA Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
  • RTS Request To Send
  • CTS Clear To Send
  • AODV Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing
  • DCHs data channels
  • GoS grade of service
  • CCHs control channels for signaling (or paging) may still be accessible by all mobile hosts (MHs) in a congested cell.
  • Presence of unbalanced traffic will exacerbate the problem of limited capacity in existing wireless systems. Specifically, some cells may be heavily congested (called hot spots), while other cells may still have enough available DCHs. In other words, even though the traffic load does not reach the maximum capacity of the entire system, a significant number of calls may be blocked and dropped due to localized congestion. Since the locations of hot spots vary from time to time (e.g., downtown areas on Monday morning, or amusement parks in Sunday afternoon), it is difficult, if not impossible, to provide sufficient resources in each cell in a cost-effective way. Congestion due to unbalanced traffic can be a real problem in wireless networks.
  • multi-mode devices equipped with cellular network modes and short- range radios e.g. WLAN, Bluetooth etc. are rapidly spreading around. Short-range radios help the devices to form proximity communications. These devices can therefore form also local/proximity networks at the same time that they may have access to the infrastructure networks such as cellular (GSM, WCDMA, CDM2000, etc.).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDM2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • P2P Peer-to-Peer
  • the P2P communication can be formed both over infrastructure or directly over the proximity ad hoc networks if such possibility exists. This situation raises many questions such as how the local P2P connections could be assisted by the infrastructure networks and mutually how the infrastructure networks can benefit from the local communications that can partly happened in P2P mode.
  • iCAR integrated Cellular and Ad hoc Relay
  • ARSs By using these ARSs, it is possible to divert traffic from one (possibly congested) cell to another (non- congested) cell. This helps to circumvent congestion, and makes it possible to maintain (or hand-off) calls involving MHs that are moving into a congested cell, or to accept new call requests involving MHs that are in a congested cell.
  • iCAR system relies on costly modifications of the network infra- structure and architecture by seeding fixed relay stations (i.e. ARSs) which become part of the infrastructure. This way, they help extend the radio access network and its coverage and help the network connectivity by benefiting from the stationary relay stations that supposed to be cheaper than the conventional base stations.
  • ARSs fixed relay stations
  • This object is achieved by a method of balancing load and link establishment in a network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay net- work, said method comprising the steps of:
  • a mobile node of an ad hoc network comprising:
  • a network device for balancing load in a network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay network, said network device comprising:
  • receiving means for receiving transmission related information reported from at least one mobile node of said ad hoc network
  • load balancing means for selecting a connection link within said network environment in response to said analyzing means.
  • a method of controlling data routing in a network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay network, said method comprising the steps of:
  • the above method steps of solving the above problem may be implement as concrete hardware circuits or based on software routines comprising code means for producing the above method steps when run on a computer device which may comprise or be part of the respective mobile or network nodes.
  • the proposed load balancing scheme relies on local ad hoc (single and multihop) networks formed by mobile nodes, i.e. basically end-users terminals, so that modifications to the network infrastructure and architecture are not necessary. Rather, benefits are obtained from existing mobile terminals and wireless peer-to-peer applications are realized that could be assisted by control signaling on the overlay network.
  • the at least one overlay network may comprises a cellular network, such as GSM or WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), or a non-cellular wireless network, such as WLAN or the like.
  • the at least one ad hoc network may comprises a local ad hoc network and a proximity ad hoc network.
  • the transmission related information may be collected from at least one of mobile nodes of the ad hoc network, access points between the ad hoc network and the overlay network, and a radio access control level of the overlay network.
  • the transmission related information may be any information specifying parameters suitable for bal- ancing the load of a network in which or through which the transmission occurs.
  • the transmission related information may comprise at least one of a load information and a network topology related information.
  • the selection of the connection link may comprise selection of an optimal access point for communication with the network environment.
  • the analyzing step may be adapted to take into consideration the overall load, Quality of Service (QoS), cost-efficiency or other metrics in the network environment.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the load balancing function may be provided in the overlay network.
  • the load balancing function may be adapted to divide traffic of the selected connection link into user paths and control paths, and to route user data through a user path in the ad hoc network and control data through a control path in the overlay network e.g. in case of local P2P communications, where a direct connection of a P2P communication is used as the selected connection link. Then, the control path can be terminated in the overlay network.
  • the direct connection may be established under assistance of the overlay network.
  • Quasi-connection control may be allocated to the overlay network over the at least one ad hoc network at the time of load sharing.
  • local load sharing over proximity and ad hoc networks while handling a quasi connection control in the centralized overlay network can promote both physical and radio resource utilization of the cellular network in the future
  • the at least one selected head node may be used for collecting topology data.
  • a correct one out of the selected at least one head node may be determined and traffic of the selected connection may be routed via the determined correct head node.
  • the load balancing function may be adapted to use hierarchical load sharing.
  • the hierarchical load sharing may comprise low level load balancing executed at ad hoc and proximity network level, medium level load balancing executed at boarders between said at least one ad hoc networks and the at least one overlay networks, and high level load balancing executed at radio access control level.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic network and signaling diagram indicating a load balancing architecture according to the preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a network device according to the preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a mobile node according to the preferred embodiment.
  • a load balancing procedure in a combined multi-access and ad hoc network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay network, for example a cellular wireless network.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic network and signaling diagram indicating a load balancing architecture according to the preferred embodiment.
  • An IP (Internet Protocol) backbone or cellular network 10 can be accessed via a multi-access control functionality 20 and a load balancing functionality or load balancer 30.
  • the access can be achieved by access points 42, 44 which are radio-connected to mobile nodes indicated in Fig. 1 as different types of wireless terminals, e.g. mobile phones, laptops, palmtops and the like, which are configured to build the at least one ad hoc network.
  • the mobile nodes may be connected to base station devices 52, 54, e.g. base transceiver stations (BTS), of the overlay network.
  • BTS base transceiver stations
  • the proposed load balancing method imple- mented by the load balancer 30 may be configured to use hierarchical load sharing, wherein a lowest or low level load balancing is executed at ad hoc and proximity network level. Furthermore, middle hierarchy or medium level load balancing is executed at the boarder of ad hoc and/or proximity sub-networks and the. base station devices 52, 54 of the overlay network.
  • the highest load sharing hierarchy or high level load balanc- ing is executed at radio access control level and in case of multi access it can be executed at the common radio access control.
  • the information for the load balancing is extracted from the lower level and reported by the mobile devices. Also, base station resources can be used when the load balance is executed at the higher hierarchy levels.
  • Pulses or radio resource procedures can be used for collecting load balance information.
  • a certain number of the mobile nodes or base station devices act as a head node, e.g. pulse master or multi-path head (MPH) 50, for handling the related load information.
  • the load balancing information is collected at the multi-path heads (MPH), which can be implemented as a logical entity, e.g. ad hoc pulse (AHP), that can be in a specific number of mobile nodes or in a certain number of base station devices or other elements of the radio access network.
  • MPH multi-path heads
  • AHP ad hoc pulse
  • the overlay network(s) could provide a kind of quasi-connection control over the local and proximity ad hoc networks at the time of load sharing to handle for example charging, security, and QoS control over the proximity and ad hoc networks.
  • the user data can be conveyed directly over local network while the control data can be also terminated in the overlay network.
  • the local ad hoc network may utilize a pulse flooding type of procedure to help reduce the power consumption of the mobile device.
  • mobile node "1" in the ad hoc sub-network has a connection to the overlay network via mobile node "2" and AP 42 designated “3". Based on the information collected in the MPH entities 50 and analyzed in the load balancer 30 it is concluded that the original connection link via AP "3" and mobile node “2" is fully occupied. Also, based on the collected load information it is seen that mobile node “1” has a route to AP 44 designated "5" via mobile node “6" and the route is free to be used. Also, it is determined that the AP "5" is under loaded. Hence, the load balancer indicates to the AP "5" to take the connection in. This step may include also the basic information from mobile node "1" and the security association.
  • the AP "5" send an acknowledgement to the load balancer 30 and, if the request has been accepted, the load balancer 30 informs the mobile node “1" to take an action to setup the new connection via mobile node "6" to the AP "5". Then, upon setting up the new connection, the mobile node "1" informs the load balancer 30 and the load balancer 30 releases the original connection and corresponding resources.
  • mobile node “2” has a connection to mobile node “6" via the overlay network, i.e. via AP "3" and AP "5".
  • These mobile nodes “2" and “6” inform their proximity ad hoc capability to the load balancer 30 which triggers the network-based routing up that a single or multihop ad hoc path between the nodes is established. Alternatively, the routing can be executed independently by using ad hoc routing.
  • the network may also provide the security associations for mobile node "2" and mobile node “6” to form a secure path. When an ad hoc secure path has been established between the nodes, the load balancer 30 informs the nodes to make the connection local.
  • the mobile nodes "2" and "6" report the beginning and ending of the ad hoc connection to the overlay network.
  • the load balancer 30 may swap the ad hoc connection to the pure network connection and vice versa on a need basis.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a network device, e.g. a radio network controller (RNC) or the like, which is reduced to the functionalities required for implementing the load balancer 30.
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the load balancer 30 comprises a transceiver 32 for transmitting and receiving messages to/from the at least one overlay network 10 and the at least one ad hoc network 70.
  • a load information analyzing unit 34 extracts and analyzes reported collections of load information and optional topology information received from the selected head nodes, e.g. MHPs 50, of the overlay network 10 and ad hoc network 70.
  • the output of the analyzing unit 34 which may indicate the load situation in the network environment is supplied to a load balancing unit 36 which selects based on the load situation and network topology at least one of an access point and a connection link within the whole network environment comprising the at least one ad hoc network 70 and overlay network 10 for each of specific connections to balance the overall network load.
  • a load control information indicating the selected access point and/or connection link is then supplied to signaling control unit 38 which generates a corresponding control signaling so as to effect the load control measures, i.e. changes in connection links and/or access points, decided by the load balancing unit 36.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a mobile node, e.g. a wireless terminal de- vice or the like, which is reduced to the functionalities required for implementing the load reporting functionality of the head node, e.g., MPH 50.
  • the mobile node 50 comprises a wireless transceiver 52 for transmitting and receiving messages to/from base stations and/or APs of the at least one overlay network 10 and other mobile nodes of the at least one ad hoc network 70.
  • a bad data collection unit 54 extracts and collects load data and optional topology data received e.g. in respective messages from the other mobile nodes of the ad hoc network 70.
  • the collected load and optional topology data may be stored in a load data memory or memory portion 56.
  • a message generation unit 58 reads the collected load and optional topology data from the load data memory 56 and generates a load reporting message to be transmitted by the transceiver 52 to the load balancer 30.
  • a method and system for balancing load and link establishment in a network environment comprising at least one ad hoc network and at least one overlay net- work has been described, wherein at least one wireless mobile node of the ad hoc network is selected as a head node for collecting load information, which is reported to a load balancing function of the network environment. There, the reported load information is analyzed and a connection link within the network environment is selected.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 may be implemented as software routines which are configured to run a computer device or processor device provided in the mobile node 50 or load balancer 30.
  • the units or func- tion as indicated by the blocks of Fig. 2 and 3 may be implemented as discrete hardware circuits.
  • the present invention is not restricted to the above preferred embodiment and can be implemented in any multi-access network environment with ad hoc network(s) and overlay networks.
  • the load balancer 30 may be implemented as a central device or as a number of distributed devices which may be responsible for certain network areas. The preferred embodiments may thus vary within the scope of the attached claims.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système d'équilibrage des lignes dans un environnement de réseau comprenant au moins un réseau ad hoc et au moins un réseau de recouvrement (10). Au moins un noeud mobile sans fil (50) du réseau ad hoc est choisi comme noeud de tête pour recueillir les données de transmission reçues d'autres noeuds mobiles dudit réseau ad hoc et référées à une fonction d'équilibrage des lignes de l'environnement de réseau. Là, les données de transmission référées sont analysées, et une liaison de connexion dans l'environnement de réseau est choisi sur la base du résultat de cette analyse.
PCT/IB2006/000869 2005-04-20 2006-04-13 Systeme d'equilibrage des lignes de communication comprenant une couche de recouvrement cellulaire et des reseaux ad hoc WO2006111809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05008690.9 2005-04-20
EP05008690 2005-04-20
US11/132,283 US20060239207A1 (en) 2005-04-20 2005-05-19 Combined load balancing for overlay and ad hoc networks
US11/132,283 2005-05-19

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