WO2006111598A1 - System for the simultaneous implementation of biodegradability tests - Google Patents

System for the simultaneous implementation of biodegradability tests Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006111598A1
WO2006111598A1 PCT/ES2006/000196 ES2006000196W WO2006111598A1 WO 2006111598 A1 WO2006111598 A1 WO 2006111598A1 ES 2006000196 W ES2006000196 W ES 2006000196W WO 2006111598 A1 WO2006111598 A1 WO 2006111598A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactors
battery
reactor
biodegradability tests
simultaneous development
Prior art date
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PCT/ES2006/000196
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Carlos ÁLVAREZ GALLEGO
Diego SALES MÁRQUEZ
Luis Alberto FERNÁNDEZ GÜELFO
Luis Isidoro ROMERO GARCÍA
Montserrat PÉREZ GARCÍA
Carneiro TÂNIA FOSTER
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Universidad De Cádiz
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Publication of WO2006111598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006111598A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/22—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes in contact with the bioreactor walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/46—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • Waste law 10/1998, of April 21, promotes the recycling of organic matter, considering it as “the transformation of waste into a production process, for its initial purpose or for other purposes, including composting and Ia biomethanization (anaerobic digestion) ".
  • biogas is used, although not always in its entirety, as fuel in the waste treatment plants themselves and in the case of wastewater treatment plants, it is used to produce the hot water necessary to maintain the temperature of the digesters.
  • the entities responsible for the management of the treatment plants can carry out an economic and environmentally beneficial activity, since it is included in the promotion of the use of so-called renewable energy, contributing, although in some cases it is in a way testimonial, to the saving of primary energy and reinforcing the image of the entity, respectful of the environment and committed to the society to which it serves.
  • It is appropriate to burn the biogas in a torch without taking advantage of its energy content and contributing to the greenhouse effect, or what is even worse, in the case of failures in the torch, directly emitting methane into the atmosphere that is one of the main precursors of Ia destruction of the ozone layer.
  • the present invention focuses on the manufacture of a laboratory equipment, of reduced dimensions, in which multiple simultaneous biodegradability tests can be carried out, establishing any combination between the aforementioned operating variables, setting a range of temperature.
  • the present invention relates to a new laboratory equipment specifically designed for discontinuous anaerobic digestion tests at any temperature range.
  • the different elements of which it consists are described physically below:
  • the equipment consists of a battery of anaerobic reactors, stirred and heated by thermostatic bath.
  • Each of the reactor bodies is made of AISI 304 stainless steel and has the following elements on its lid ( Figures 1.1 - 1.3):
  • a compact 220V and 50 mA gearmotor responsible for driving the agitation shaft of the system. It is protected by laterally perforated PVC housing with aeration holes in
  • the upper and lower part for heat dissipation generated by the engine.
  • the open position (Figure 1.5) is used for the sampling of the interior of the reactor by suction by means of a steel rod ( Figure 1.4), of length equal to 1, 2 times the height of the reactor, and 100 mL syringe. Closed is used for the biogas output that is generated in the process ( Figure 1.6), which is moved by pressure through a silicone conduit to a 10-liter Tediar bag (polyvinyl fluoride plastic polymer), where stores, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for further analysis and quantification. 5.
  • a chassis mount plug through which it is powered by electricity through a connector from the electrical bridge.
  • each reactor is independent and is controlled by bipolar switches (220V and 16A) installed in a stainless steel electrical panel located above the thermostatic bath.
  • the tightness between the lid and the reactor body is achieved by a 3 mm thick neoprene joint and two basic flexible closures with crossed bars, located diametrically in the upper part of the vessel.
  • the bodies of the reactors once introduced into the bath to be heated, are submerged 3 A, leaving ⁇ A of the body and the cover with all its accessories above the level of the heating liquid.
  • the tray which rests on a flat base, is double-bodied, stamped internally in stainless steel AISI 310 and externally in stainless steel AISI 304. It allows to control the temperature by means of an electrical resistance of INCOLOY alloy, immersed in water. It is essential for its use to fill the cuvette with liquid (water or oil according to temperature) to the appropriate level, this at least reaching the heating element. It also has a drain tap to drain the bucket and an electric solenoid valve with vertical float ( Figure 2.1), responsible for maintaining the water level between maximum and minimum.
  • Capacity of the bucket 45 L.
  • the bathroom has a safety thermostat of overtemperature or lack of liquid complying with DIN 12877.2.
  • a power relay for DIN rail mounting Nominal voltage 230V. Maximum switching current 380Va - 20 A.
  • the blades of the stirring shaft prevent the existence of dead zones in the reactor and its cylindrical configuration decreases the resistance to rotation with respect to those of flat configuration, especially when working with viscous residues. In this way the agitation engine has to do less work.
  • the PVC cover of the heated bath significantly decreases the evaporation of water. This supposes the disappearance of the electrical problems derived from humid environments (typical when working with thermostated baths by means of external heating heads), a lower consumption of this resource and avoids, in addition, copious depositions of lime that are formed in baths open to the atmosphere .
  • the installation of the three-way valve in the reactor cover is of vital importance since it allows, in addition to extracting the biogas that is generated inside it, to take samples of the residue throughout the experiment and introduce any type of chemical agent that ensures the stability of the process (eg acids or bases to maintain the pH at its optimum values) maintaining the tightness of the system.
  • any type of chemical agent that ensures the stability of the process (eg acids or bases to maintain the pH at its optimum values) maintaining the tightness of the system.
  • the solenoid valve installed in the bathroom allows the water level to be adequate. It connects directly to the local water network and acts automatically so that if the level is below the minimum, it opens until the optimum level is restored and closes when it has been reached. With this we managed to supply water to the bathroom 24 hours a day, thus ensuring the autonomy of its operation. In the event that the equipment was located in a place where there is no water outlet, it would only be necessary to connect the solenoid valve to a storage tank through a silicone conduit.
  • FIG. 1 General scheme of system components. They are distinguished:
  • Figure 1.2 Elevated view and section with the three-way valve installed. They are distinguished: 8.-Power plug.
  • Figure 1.3 Shaking shaft detail. Elevation and plan view.
  • Figure 1.4 Detail of the rod for the sampling. Elevated view and plan.
  • Figure 1.5 Detail of the sampler and three-way valve in open position.
  • Figure 1.6 Detail of the sampler and three-way valve in closed position.
  • Figure 2.1 Vertical float and solenoid valve installed in the bathroom. Elevated view Figure 3.1: PVC sheet. Plan view.
  • FIG. 4.1 Elevated views of the electrical control panel. They are distinguished:
  • Figure 4.2 Electrical scheme They are distinguished: 20.- Vertical float. 21- Solenoid valve.
  • Figure 4.3 Plan view of the PVC sheet and location of components. They are distinguished: 26.- Solenoid valve.
  • the following table represents an operative example to carry out a biodegradability study on the dry and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of FORSU using different sources of inoculum and different pretreatments of the residue.
  • the objective would be to determine which inoculum achieves the highest degradative performance for each pretreatment tested (Chemical, Thermal and Thermo-Chemical).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel piece of laboratory equipment which has been specifically designed for the implementation of discontinuous anaerobic digestion tests in any temperature range. The inventive system comprises a battery of anaerobic reactors (1), one of which can be seen in the diagram, which are agitated and heated by means of a thermostatic bath (2) having an electric control panel (3) disposed thereon, said panel being fixed to a sheet of PVC into which the outline of each of the reactors forming the battery has been machined.

Description

SISTEMA PARA EL DESARROLLO SIMULTÁNEO DE ENSAYOS DE BIODEGRADABILIDAD.SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABILITY TESTS.
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA Reactores biológicosSECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE Biological reactors
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICASTATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
Las actividades de descontaminación y reciclado de residuos están adquiriendo una presencia cada vez mayor en nuestra sociedad. La ley de residuos 10/1.998, del 21 de abril, promueve el reciclado de Ia materia orgánica, considerándolo como "Ia transformación de los residuos dentro de un proceso de producción, para su fin inicial o para otros fines, incluido el compostaje y Ia biometanización (digestión anaerobia)".Decontamination and recycling of waste activities are gaining a growing presence in our society. Waste law 10/1998, of April 21, promotes the recycling of organic matter, considering it as "the transformation of waste into a production process, for its initial purpose or for other purposes, including composting and Ia biomethanization (anaerobic digestion) ".
Entre las principales ventajas de Ia digestión anaerobia de sustancias biodegradables se encuentra Ia generación de biogás, valorizable energéticamente por su contenido en metano, que Ie confiere un Poder Calorífico Superior (PCS) en torno a 5.250 Kcal/ Nm3. Considerando los actuales precios del gas natural para usos industriales, cada metro cúbico de biogás tendría un precio equivalente a unos 0,12 euros. Generalmente el biogás se aprovecha, aunque no siempre en su totalidad, como combustible en las propias plantas de tratamiento de residuos y en el caso de las depuradoras de aguas residuales se destina a Ia producción de agua caliente necesaria para mantener Ia temperatura de los digestores. Mediante un buen uso del biogás, las entidades responsables de Ia gestión de las depuradoras pueden realizar una actividad económica y medioambientalmente beneficiosa, ya que se engloba dentro del fomento del empleo de las llamadas energías renovables, contribuyendo, aunque en algunos casos sea de un modo testimonial, al ahorro de energía primaria y reforzando Ia imagen de Ia entidad, respetuosa con el medio ambiente y comprometida con Ia sociedad a Ia que presta servicio. No parece adecuado quemar el biogás en una antorcha, sin aprovechar su contenido energético y contribuyendo al efecto invernadero, o Io que es aun peor, en los casos de fallos en Ia antorcha, emitiendo directamente metano a Ia atmósfera que es uno de los principales precursores de Ia destrucción de Ia capa de ozono.Among the main advantages of anaerobic digestion of biodegradable substances is the generation of biogas, energetically recoverable by its methane content, which confers a Higher Calorific Power (PCS) around 5,250 Kcal / Nm 3 . Considering the current prices of natural gas for industrial uses, each cubic meter of biogas would have a price equivalent to about 0.12 euros. Generally, biogas is used, although not always in its entirety, as fuel in the waste treatment plants themselves and in the case of wastewater treatment plants, it is used to produce the hot water necessary to maintain the temperature of the digesters. Through a good use of biogas, the entities responsible for the management of the treatment plants can carry out an economic and environmentally beneficial activity, since it is included in the promotion of the use of so-called renewable energy, contributing, although in some cases it is in a way testimonial, to the saving of primary energy and reinforcing the image of the entity, respectful of the environment and committed to the society to which it serves. Not seem It is appropriate to burn the biogas in a torch, without taking advantage of its energy content and contributing to the greenhouse effect, or what is even worse, in the case of failures in the torch, directly emitting methane into the atmosphere that is one of the main precursors of Ia destruction of the ozone layer.
Por tanto, resulta interesante Ia optimización del proceso de digestión anaerobia para obtener el máximo rendimiento energético, Io cual es sumamente complejo si se tiene en cuenta el gran número de variables de operación de los que depende (Ta, humedad, tipologías de residuos, fuentes de inoculo y porcentajes de inoculación, pretratamientos a Ia digestión anaerobia, etc.). Así, podría trabajarse en tres rangos de temperatura: Psicrófílico (15 0C), Mesofílico (35 0C) o Termofílico (55 0C) y en condiciones Secas (25 - 35 % en ST) o Húmedas (5 - 10 % en ST); podrían tratarse residuos de diferente índole (taladrinas, vinazas de vino, fracción orgánica de residuos sólidos urbanos (FORSU), lodos de depuradora); se podrían emplear distintas fuentes de inoculo (estiércol de vaca, purines de cerdo, lodos de EDAR digeridos anaeróbicamente, maíz de silos, etc..) con distintos porcentajes de inoculación y, finalmente, podrían realizarse pretratamientos de los residuos, antes de Ia digestión anaerobia, para favorecer Ia solubilización de Ia materia orgánica en el medio y aumentar Ia velocidad global del proceso (pretratamientos térmicos, químicos, termoquímicos).Therefore, it is interesting to optimize the anaerobic digestion process to obtain the maximum energy efficiency, which is extremely complex if one takes into account the large number of operating variables on which it depends (T a , humidity, waste typologies, sources of inoculum and percentages of inoculation, pretreatments to anaerobic digestion, etc.). Thus, one could work in three temperature ranges: Psichrophilic (15 0 C), Mesophilic (35 0 C) or Thermophilic (55 0 C) and in Dry conditions (25 - 35% in ST) or Wet (5 - 10% in ST); different types of waste (taladrines, wine vinasses, organic fraction of urban solid waste (FORSU), sewage sludge) could be treated; different sources of inoculum could be used (cow manure, pig slurry, anaerobically digested EDAR sludge, silos corn, etc.) with different percentages of inoculation and, finally, pretreatments of the residues could be carried out, before digestion anaerobic, to favor the solubilization of organic matter in the medium and increase the overall speed of the process (thermal, chemical, thermochemical pretreatments).
La combinación de todas estas variables entre sí permite planificar un gran número de experimentos que podrían ensayarse a escala de laboratorio. Por Io general, estos ensayos de biodegradabilidad, suelen realizarse en reactores discontinuos independientes con volúmenes que suelen oscilar entre 1.000 - 2.000 mL, con unos costes aproximados de 12.000€/Reactor (fabricación y accesorios: baño termostático, eje de agitación y estructura de sujeción). Sería deseable, por tanto, el diseño de un nuevo equipo flexible que permita ensayar el mayor número de variables de operación de forma simultanea sin que suponga un problema de espacio y de capital de inversión.The combination of all these variables with each other allows planning a large number of experiments that could be tested on a laboratory scale. In general, these biodegradability tests are usually carried out in independent discontinuous reactors with volumes that usually range between 1,000 - 2,000 mL, with approximate costs of € 12,000 / Rea ctor (manufacture and accessories: thermostatic bath, stirring shaft and structure of subjection). It would be desirable, therefore, to design a new flexible equipment that allows testing the largest number of operating variables simultaneously without involving a problem of space and investment capital.
Para ello, Ia presente invención se centra en Ia fabricación de un equipo de laboratorio, de reducidas dimensiones, en el que se puedan llevar a cabo múltiples ensayos simultáneos de biodegradabilidad, estableciendo cualquier combinación entre las variables de operación mencionadas anteriormente, fijado un rango de temperatura.For this, the present invention focuses on the manufacture of a laboratory equipment, of reduced dimensions, in which multiple simultaneous biodegradability tests can be carried out, establishing any combination between the aforementioned operating variables, setting a range of temperature.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un nuevo equipo de laboratorio específicamente diseñado para ensayos discontinuos de digestión anaerobia en cualquier rango de temperatura. A continuación se describen físicamente los distintos elementos de los que consta:The present invention relates to a new laboratory equipment specifically designed for discontinuous anaerobic digestion tests at any temperature range. The different elements of which it consists are described physically below:
a) Reactores biológicosa) Biological reactors
El equipo consta de una batería de reactores anaerobios, agitados y calefactados mediante baño termostático. Cada uno de los cuerpos de los reactores está fabricado en acero inoxidable AISI 304 y disponen en su tapa los siguientes elementos (Figuras 1.1 - 1.3):The equipment consists of a battery of anaerobic reactors, stirred and heated by thermostatic bath. Each of the reactor bodies is made of AISI 304 stainless steel and has the following elements on its lid (Figures 1.1 - 1.3):
1. Un motorreductor compacto a 220V y 50 mA encargado de accionar el eje de agitación del sistema. Se encuentra protegido mediante carcasa de PVC perforada lateralmente con orificios de aireación en1. A compact 220V and 50 mA gearmotor responsible for driving the agitation shaft of the system. It is protected by laterally perforated PVC housing with aeration holes in
Ia parte superior e inferior para Ia disipación del calor generado por el motor.The upper and lower part for heat dissipation generated by the engine.
2. Eje de agitación desmontable y acoplado a Ia tapa mediante una grapa de sujeción DIN 11.024. Posee aspas cilindricas colocadas a distinta altura y en ángulo de 90° respecto al eje (Figura 1.3). Gira a diez r.p.m. y cambia el sentido de giro cada siete segundos mediante un temporizador cíclico y un relé de potencia instalados en el puente eléctrico. 3. Una entrada mediante espiga acanalada para inertizar Ia atmósfera interna con gas inerte (ej. N2) 4. Una válvula de tres vías de acero inoxidable con dos posiciones, abierta y cerrada. La posición abierta (Figura 1.5) se utiliza para Ia toma de muestra del interior del reactor por succión mediante una varilla de acero (Figura 1.4), de longitud igual a 1 ,2 veces Ia altura del reactor, y jeringa de 100 mL La posición cerrada se utiliza para Ia salida del biogás que se genera en el proceso (Figura 1.6), el cual es desplazado por presión a través de un conducto de silicona hasta una bolsa Tediar de 10 litros (polímero plástico de fluoruro de polivinilo), donde se almacena, a presión atmosférica y temperatura ambiente para posterior análisis y cuantificación. 5. Un enchufe de montaje en chasis a través del cual es alimentado de electricidad mediante un conector procedente del puente eléctrico.2. Removable agitation shaft and coupled to the cover by means of a clamp DIN 11.024. It has cylindrical blades placed at a different height and at a 90 ° angle to the axis (Figure 1.3). Turn at ten rpm and change the direction of rotation every seven seconds using a cyclic timer and a power relay installed in the electrical bridge. 3. An inlet by means of a splined pin to inert the internal atmosphere with inert gas (ex. N 2 ) 4. A three-way stainless steel valve with two positions, open and closed. The open position (Figure 1.5) is used for the sampling of the interior of the reactor by suction by means of a steel rod (Figure 1.4), of length equal to 1, 2 times the height of the reactor, and 100 mL syringe. Closed is used for the biogas output that is generated in the process (Figure 1.6), which is moved by pressure through a silicone conduit to a 10-liter Tediar bag (polyvinyl fluoride plastic polymer), where stores, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for further analysis and quantification. 5. A chassis mount plug through which it is powered by electricity through a connector from the electrical bridge.
Entre sus especificaciones técnicas puede destacarse:Among its technical specifications can be highlighted:
1. Volumen total/útil (mL): 1.100 / 75O mL. 2. Peso por reactor sin Ia varilla tomamuestra: 3,5 Kg.1. Total / useful volume (mL): 1,100 / 75O mL. 2. Weight per reactor without the sampling rod: 3.5 Kg.
3. Dimensiones totales (vaso + motor): 32,15 cm de alto y 10,45 cm de diámetro.3. Total dimensions (vessel + motor): 32.15 cm high and 10.45 cm in diameter.
4. Intervalo de par motor (Nm): 0,2 - 0,8 (0,26 Nm par nominal)4. Motor torque range (Nm): 0.2 - 0.8 (0.26 Nm nominal torque)
5. Velocidad máxima de giro del eje en carga y vacío (r.p.m.): 40 6. Relación de reducción del mototrreductor: 135. Maximum speed of rotation of the axle in load and vacuum (r.p.m.): 40 6. Reduction ratio of the gearmotor: 13
7. Número de etapas del motorreductor: 47. Number of geared motor stages: 4
El funcionamiento de cada reactor es independiente y está controlado mediante interruptores bipolares (220V y 16A) instalados en un panel eléctrico de acero inoxidable situado sobre el baño termostático. La hermeticidad entre Ia tapa y el cuerpo del reactor se consigue mediante una junta de neopreno de 3 mm de espesor y dos cierres básicos flexibles con barras atravesadas, situados diametralmente en Ia parte superior del vaso. Los cuerpos de los reactores, una vez introducidos en el baño para ser calefactados, están sumergidos 3A, quedando ΛA del cuerpo y Ia tapa con todos sus accesorios por encima del nivel del líquido calefactor.The operation of each reactor is independent and is controlled by bipolar switches (220V and 16A) installed in a stainless steel electrical panel located above the thermostatic bath. The tightness between the lid and the reactor body is achieved by a 3 mm thick neoprene joint and two basic flexible closures with crossed bars, located diametrically in the upper part of the vessel. The bodies of the reactors, once introduced into the bath to be heated, are submerged 3 A, leaving Λ A of the body and the cover with all its accessories above the level of the heating liquid.
b) Baño termostáticob) Thermostatic bath
La cubeta, que se apoya sobre una base plana, es de doble cuerpo, estampada interiormente en acero inoxidable AISI 310 y exteriormente en acero inoxidable AISI 304. Permite controlar Ia temperatura mediante una resistencia eléctrica de aleación de INCOLOY, inmersa en agua. Es imprescindible para su utilización llenar de líquido (agua o aceite según temperatura) Ia cubeta hasta el nivel adecuado, llegando éste, como mínimo, a cubrir el elemento calefactor. Cuenta a su vez de un grifo de desagüe para vaciar Ia cubeta y una válvula eléctrica solenoide con flotador vertical (Figura 2.1), encargada de mantener el nivel agua entre el máximo y el mínimo.The tray, which rests on a flat base, is double-bodied, stamped internally in stainless steel AISI 310 and externally in stainless steel AISI 304. It allows to control the temperature by means of an electrical resistance of INCOLOY alloy, immersed in water. It is essential for its use to fill the cuvette with liquid (water or oil according to temperature) to the appropriate level, this at least reaching the heating element. It also has a drain tap to drain the bucket and an electric solenoid valve with vertical float (Figure 2.1), responsible for maintaining the water level between maximum and minimum.
Entre sus especificaciones técnicas pueden destacarse: 1. Capacidad de Ia cubeta: 45 L.Among its technical specifications can be highlighted: 1. Capacity of the bucket: 45 L.
2. Rango de temperatura de operación: entre +5 y +110 0C con una estabilidad de ±1 0C.2. Operating temperature range: between +5 and +110 0 C with a stability of ± 1 0 C.
3. Tensión de alimentación al equipo: 230V 50 Hz.3. Supply voltage to the equipment: 230V 50 Hz.
4. Consumo energético: 2.400W. 5. Dimensiones interiores: 15 cm de alto, 62 cm de ancho y 50 cm de fondo.4. Energy consumption: 2,400W. 5. Interior dimensions: 15 cm high, 62 cm wide and 50 cm deep.
6. Dimensiones exteriores: 22 cm de alto, 69 cm de ancho y 62 cm de fondo.6. External dimensions: 22 cm high, 69 cm wide and 62 cm deep.
7. Peso: 18 Kg. El baño cuenta con un termostato de seguridad de sobretemperatura o por falta de líquido cumpliendo con Ia norma DIN 12877.2.7. Weight: 18 Kg. The bathroom has a safety thermostat of overtemperature or lack of liquid complying with DIN 12877.2.
c) Puente eléctrico Sobre el baño descansa un panel eléctrico de control sujeto mediante perfiles de aluminio 45x45 (Figura 4.3) a Ia tapa de PVC en Ia que se ha mecanizado el contorno de Ia batería de reactores que conforman el sistema (Figuras 3.1 - 3.2). La caja principal del panel, fabricada de acero inoxidable, posee los siguientes elementos instalados (Figura 4.1):c) Electric bridge On the bathroom rests an electrical control panel attached by 45x45 aluminum profiles (Figure 4.3) to the PVC cover in which the outline of the battery of reactors that make up the system has been machined (Figures 3.1 - 3.2 ). The main panel box, made of stainless steel, has the following elements installed (Figure 4.1):
1. Un interruptor general bipolar de parada de emergencia, tipo balancín, (220V y 16A).1. A bipolar general emergency stop switch, rocker type, (220V and 16A).
2. Un enchufe Schuko de alimentación a 230V y 10A.2. A Schuko power plug at 230V and 10A.
3. Tantos interruptores parciales bipolares tipo balancín como reactores constituyen el sistema (220V y 16A).3. As many bipolar rocker-type partial switches as reactors constitute the system (220V and 16A).
4. Conectores flexibles a cada uno de los motores, uno para cada reactor.4. Flexible connectors to each of the motors, one for each reactor.
5. Fusibles de seguridad de 300 mA, uno para cada interruptor.5. 300 mA safety fuses, one for each switch.
6. Un temporizador VN. 24 - 230Vca/cc - 50/60 Hz. Intervalos de tiempo entre 0,10s y 12Oh. Corriente máxima conmutada 250Va -6. A VN timer. 24 - 230VAC / DC - 50/60 Hz. Time intervals between 0.10s and 12Oh. Maximum switching current 250Va -
5A.5A.
7. Un relé de potencia para montaje en carril DIN. Tensión nominal 230V. Corriente máxima conmutada 380Va - 20 A.7. A power relay for DIN rail mounting. Nominal voltage 230V. Maximum switching current 380Va - 20 A.
El esquema eléctrico del conjunto se detalla en Ia Figura 4.2 y Ia disposición final, sobre el baño, de Ia tapa acoplada al puente se representa en Ia Figura 4.4. VENTAJAS QUE OFRECE EL EQUIPO PROPUESTOThe electrical scheme of the assembly is detailed in Figure 4.2 and the final arrangement, on the bath, of the cover coupled to the bridge is represented in Figure 4.4. ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY THE PROPOSED EQUIPMENT
1. El cambio en el sentido de giro de las aspas de agitación evita problemas de obstrucciones que podrían desencadenar en Ia avería del motor encargado de accionar el eje. De igual forma se asegura Ia agitación del sistema, muy importante, por ejemplo, en digestión anaerobia de residuos sólidos urbanos donde se requiere gran homogeneidad en Ia masa total debido a Ia heterogeneidad de su naturaleza.1. The change in the direction of rotation of the stirring blades avoids problems of obstructions that could trigger the failure of the motor in charge of driving the shaft. Similarly, the agitation of the system is ensured, very important, for example, in anaerobic digestion of urban solid waste where great homogeneity is required in the total mass due to the heterogeneity of its nature.
2. Las aspas del eje de agitación, soldadas a diferente altura, evitan Ia existencia de zonas muertas en el reactor y su configuración cilindrica disminuye Ia resistencia al giro respecto a las de configuración plana, especialmente cuando se trabaja con residuos viscosos. De esta forma el motor de agitación tiene que realizar menos trabajo.2. The blades of the stirring shaft, welded at different heights, prevent the existence of dead zones in the reactor and its cylindrical configuration decreases the resistance to rotation with respect to those of flat configuration, especially when working with viscous residues. In this way the agitation engine has to do less work.
3. El hecho de que el eje sea desmontable posibilita que los reactores puedan ser agitados a un mayor número de revoluciones por minuto mediante otro sistema, por ejemplo, agitación magnética con aplicación de calor o no (termoagitadores o agitadores magnéticos).3. The fact that the shaft is removable allows the reactors to be stirred at a higher number of revolutions per minute by another system, for example, magnetic stirring with heat application or not (thermal agitators or magnetic stirrers).
4. La tapa de PVC del baño calefactado disminuye notablemente Ia evaporación de agua. Esto supone Ia desaparición de los problemas eléctricos derivados de ambientes húmedos (típicos cuando se trabaja con baños termostatizados mediante cabezas calefactores externas), un menor consumo de este recurso y evita, además, copiosas deposiciones de cal que se forman en baños abiertos a Ia atmósfera.4. The PVC cover of the heated bath significantly decreases the evaporation of water. This supposes the disappearance of the electrical problems derived from humid environments (typical when working with thermostated baths by means of external heating heads), a lower consumption of this resource and avoids, in addition, copious depositions of lime that are formed in baths open to the atmosphere .
5. La instalación de Ia válvula de tres vías en Ia tapa del reactor es de vital importancia ya que permite, además de extraer el biogás que se genera en su interior, tomar muestras del residuo a Io largo del experimento e introducir cualquier tipo de agente químico que asegure Ia estabilidad del proceso (ej. Ácidos o bases para mantener el pH en sus valores óptimos) manteniendo Ia hermeticidad del sistema.5. The installation of the three-way valve in the reactor cover is of vital importance since it allows, in addition to extracting the biogas that is generated inside it, to take samples of the residue throughout the experiment and introduce any type of chemical agent that ensures the stability of the process (eg acids or bases to maintain the pH at its optimum values) maintaining the tightness of the system.
6. La válvula de solenoide instalada en el baño permite que el nivel de agua sea el adecuado. Se conecta directamente a Ia red local de agua y actúa automáticamente de forma que si el nivel es inferior al mínimo, ésta se abre hasta restaurar el nivel óptimo y se cierra cuando Io ha alcanzado. Con ello conseguimos abastecer de agua al baño 24 horas al día, asegurando así Ia autonomía de su funcionamiento. En el caso de que el equipo estuviese ubicado en un lugar donde no existe toma de agua, solo sería necesario conectar Ia electroválvula a un tanque de almacenamiento mediante una conducción de silicona.6. The solenoid valve installed in the bathroom allows the water level to be adequate. It connects directly to the local water network and acts automatically so that if the level is below the minimum, it opens until the optimum level is restored and closes when it has been reached. With this we managed to supply water to the bathroom 24 hours a day, thus ensuring the autonomy of its operation. In the event that the equipment was located in a place where there is no water outlet, it would only be necessary to connect the solenoid valve to a storage tank through a silicone conduit.
7. Es un equipo versátil y flexible dada su configuración modular en tres partes: Ia batería de reactores independientes, el baño termostático y el puente eléctrico (Figura 4.4). Esto hace que Ia invención no esté limitada al estudio de Ia digestión anaerobia, sino que puede ser utilizado en cualquier experimento donde se precise un sistema calefactor y/o un/os reactor/es de tanque agitado termostatizados o no.7. It is a versatile and flexible equipment given its modular configuration in three parts: the battery of independent reactors, the thermostatic bath and the electric bridge (Figure 4.4). This means that the invention is not limited to the study of anaerobic digestion, but can be used in any experiment where a heating system and / or a stirred tank reactor (s) is required or not.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1 : Esquema general de componentes del sistema. Se distinguen:Figure 1: General scheme of system components. They are distinguished:
1.- Uno de los reactores que conforman Ia batería de reactores. 2.- Baño termostático. 3.- Puente eléctrico. Figura 1.1: Vista en planta de Ia tapa del reactor sin Ia válvula de 3 vías. Se distinguen:1.- One of the reactors that make up the battery of reactors. 2.- Thermostatic bath. 3.- Electric bridge. Figure 1.1: Plan view of the reactor cover without the 3-way valve. They are distinguished:
4.- Espita de salida de biogás. 5.- Cierre a presión. 6.- Motorreductor.4.- Biogas spout. 5.- Press closure. 6.- Gearmotor.
7,- Cuerpo del reactor.7, - Reactor body.
Figura 1.2: Vista alzado y sección con Ia válvula de tres vías instalada. Se distinguen: 8.-Enchufe de alimentación.Figure 1.2: Elevated view and section with the three-way valve installed. They are distinguished: 8.-Power plug.
9.- Carcasa de PVC.9.- PVC housing.
10.- Espita de salida de biogás10.- Biogas outlet tap
11.- Motorreductor.11.- Gearmotor.
12.- Grapa de sujeción del eje. 13.- Aspas de agitación.12.- Shaft clamp. 13.- Agitation blades.
14.- Cuerpo del reactor.14.- Reactor body.
15.- Cierre a presión.15.- Press closure.
Figura 1.3: Detalle del eje de agitación. Vista alzado y planta.Figure 1.3: Shaking shaft detail. Elevation and plan view.
Figura 1.4: Detalle de Ia varilla para Ia toma de muestra. Vista alzado y planta.Figure 1.4: Detail of the rod for the sampling. Elevated view and plan.
Figura 1.5: Detalle del tomamuestra y válvula de tres vías en posición abierta.Figure 1.5: Detail of the sampler and three-way valve in open position.
Figura 1.6: Detalle del tomamuestra y válvula de tres vías en posición cerrada.Figure 1.6: Detail of the sampler and three-way valve in closed position.
Figura 2.1: Flotador vertical y válvula solenoide instalada en el baño. Vista alzado. Figura 3.1: Plancha de PVC. Vista en planta.Figure 2.1: Vertical float and solenoid valve installed in the bathroom. Elevated view Figure 3.1: PVC sheet. Plan view.
Figura 3.2: Plancha de PVC. Vista perfil.Figure 3.2: PVC sheet. Profile view
Figura 4.1 : Vistas alzado del panel eléctrico de control. Se distinguen:Figure 4.1: Elevated views of the electrical control panel. They are distinguished:
16.- Carcasa metálica del puente eléctrico. 17.- Porta fusible.16.- Metal housing of the electric bridge. 17.- Fuse holder.
18.- Pasamuro para Ia salida de los conectores a cada reactor. 19.- Interruptores bipolares.18.- Pass-through for the output of the connectors to each reactor. 19.- Bipolar switches.
Figura 4.2: Esquema eléctrico Se distinguen: 20.- Flotador vertical. 21- Válvula solenoide.Figure 4.2: Electrical scheme They are distinguished: 20.- Vertical float. 21- Solenoid valve.
22.- Temporizador cíclico. 23.- Relé de potencia. 24.- Motorreductor. 25.- Interruptor bipolar.22.- Cyclic timer. 23.- Power relay. 24.- Gearmotor. 25.- Bipolar switch.
Figura 4.3: Vista en planta de Ia plancha de PVC y ubicación de componentes. Se distinguen: 26.- Válvula solenoide.Figure 4.3: Plan view of the PVC sheet and location of components. They are distinguished: 26.- Solenoid valve.
27.- Flotador vertical.27.- Vertical float.
28.- Reactor.28.- Reactor.
29.- Perfil de Aluminio para el puente eléctrico. Figura 4.4: Vista perfil del puente eléctrico ensamblado a Ia plancha de PVC y posición sobre el baño. Se distinguen:29.- Aluminum Profile for the electric bridge. Figure 4.4: Profile view of the electric bridge assembled to the PVC sheet and position on the bathroom. They are distinguished:
30.- Conectores a reactores. 31- Puente eléctrico.30.- Reactor connectors. 31- Electric bridge.
32.- Válvula solenoide.32.- Solenoid valve.
33.- Reactor.33.- Reactor.
34.- Plancha de PVC.34.- PVC sheet.
35.- Flotador vertical. 36.- Baño termostático. 35.- Vertical float. 36.- Thermostatic bath.
MODO DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En Ia siguiente tabla se representa un ejemplo operativo para llevar a cabo un estudio de biodegradabilidad sobre Ia digestión anaerobia seca y termofílica de FORSU empleando distintas fuentes de inoculo y diferentes pretratamientos del residuo. El objetivo sería determinar qué inoculo consigue mayor rendimiento degradativo para cada pretratamiento ensayado (Químico, Térmico y Temo-Químico).The following table represents an operative example to carry out a biodegradability study on the dry and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of FORSU using different sources of inoculum and different pretreatments of the residue. The objective would be to determine which inoculum achieves the highest degradative performance for each pretreatment tested (Chemical, Thermal and Thermo-Chemical).
Régimen DiscontinuoDiscontinuous Regime
% Sólidos Totales 30% Total Solids 30
Días de ensayo 45Rehearsal days 45
Ta de operación 55 0C pH inicial 7,5T to operation 55 0 C Initial pH 7.5
Volumen0 Residuo 500 ml_/ reactorVolume 0 Waste 500 ml_ / reactor
Volumen líquido calefactor 45 litros de agua r.p.m. 10Heating liquid volume 45 liters of water r.p.m. 10
Intervalo cambio sentido de giro de agitación 7 segundosInterval change direction of stirring rotation 7 seconds
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0001

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema para el desarrollo simultáneo de ensayos de biodegradabilidad, que comprende una batería de reactores anaerobios agitados y calefactados mediante baño termostático, sobre el que descansa un panel eléctrico de control, sujeto a una plancha de PVC, en Ia que se ha mecanizado el contorno de cada uno de los reactores que componen Ia batería.1. System for the simultaneous development of biodegradability tests, which comprises a battery of agitated and heated anaerobic reactors by means of a thermostatic bath, on which an electrical control panel rests, subject to a PVC sheet, in which the machine has been machined. contour of each of the reactors that make up the battery.
2. Sistema para el desarrollo simultáneo de ensayos de biodegradabilidad, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque cada uno de los cuerpos de los reactores que componen Ia batería está fabricado en acero inoxidable y dispone en su tapa de los siguientes elementos: a) Un motorreductor, protegido mediante carcasa de PVC, Ia cual cuenta con orificios para Ia disipación del calor, producido por el motor encargado de accionar el eje de agitación del sistema. b) Un eje de agitación desmontable y acoplado a Ia tapa mediante una grapa de sujeción, el cual posee 14 aspas cilindricas colocadas a distinta altura y en ángulo de 90° respecto al eje, y cambia el sentido de giro cada cierto tiempo, mediante un temporizador cíclico y un relé de potencia instalados en el puente eléctrico. c) Una entrada mediante espiga acanalada para inertizar Ia atmósfera interna con gas inerte. d) Una válvula de tres vías de acero inoxidable con dos posiciones, Ia posición abierta que se utiliza para Ia toma de muestra del interior del reactor por succión, mediante una varilla de acero de mayor longitud que Ia altura del reactor, y jeringa de gran volumen, y Ia posición cerrada que se utiliza para Ia salida del biogás que se genera en el proceso e) Un enchufe de montaje en chasis a través del cual es alimentado de electricidad mediante un conector procedente del puente eléctrico. 2. System for the simultaneous development of biodegradability tests, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the bodies of the reactors that make up the battery is made of stainless steel and has the following elements on its cover: a) A gearmotor, protected by PVC housing, which has holes for heat dissipation, produced by the motor responsible for driving the agitation shaft of the system. b) A removable agitation shaft and coupled to the cover by means of a clamp, which has 14 cylindrical blades placed at a different height and at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the axis, and changes the direction of rotation from time to time, by means of a Cyclic timer and a power relay installed on the electric bridge. c) An inlet by means of a splined pin to inert the internal atmosphere with inert gas. d) A three-way stainless steel valve with two positions, the open position that is used for the sampling of the interior of the reactor by suction, by means of a steel rod of greater length than the height of the reactor, and large syringe volume, and the closed position that is used for the output of the biogas that is generated in the process e) A chassis mounting plug through which it is powered by electricity through a connector from the electrical bridge.
3. Sistema para el desarrollo simultáneo de ensayos de biodegradabilidad, según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el baño termostático está formado por una cubeta de doble cuerpo, en Ia que es posible mantener, de forma autónoma, el nivel de agua adecuado mediante Ia instalación de un flotador vertical más una válvula solenoide conectada a Ia red de agua local, al tiempo que permite trabajar a cualquier temperatura comprendida entre +5 y +110 0C, mediante el empleo de una resistencia eléctrica de aleación de INCOLOY inmersa en agua.3. System for the simultaneous development of biodegradability tests, according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermostatic bath is formed by a double-body cuvette, in which it is possible to autonomously maintain the appropriate water level by means of the installation of a vertical float plus a solenoid valve connected to the local water network, while allowing work at any temperature between +5 and +110 0 C, by using an electrical resistance of INCOLOY alloy immersed in water.
4. Sistema para el desarrollo simultáneo de ensayos de biodegradabilidad, según reivindicaciones 1 y 3, caracterizado porque sobre el baño termostático descansa un panel eléctrico de control sujeto mediante perfiles de aluminio a una tapa de PVC en Ia que se ha mecanizado el contorno de cada uno de los reactores que conforman Ia batería.4. System for the simultaneous development of biodegradability tests, according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that on the thermostatic bath rests an electrical control panel attached by means of aluminum profiles to a PVC cover in which the contour of each has been machined one of the reactors that make up the battery.
5. Sistema para el desarrollo simultáneo de ensayos de biodegradabilidad, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el panel eléctrico de control dispone, para cada reactor, de un interruptor con su respectivo fusible de seguridad y un conector encargado de suministrarle electricidad al motor de agitación, a Ia vez que cuenta con un interruptor general de parada de emergencia con fusible. 5. System for the simultaneous development of biodegradability tests, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical control panel has, for each reactor, a switch with its respective safety fuse and a connector responsible for supplying electricity to the stirring motor, while having a general emergency stop switch with fuse.
PCT/ES2006/000196 2005-04-19 2006-04-12 System for the simultaneous implementation of biodegradability tests WO2006111598A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238337A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-12-09 Walter Todd Peters Methane gas producer using biological decomposition of waste matter
JPS59388A (en) * 1982-06-26 1984-01-05 Kubota Ltd Anaerobic digestion of organic waste liquor or organic sludge and digesting apparatus therefor
DE3305624A1 (en) * 1983-02-18 1984-08-23 Frank, Martin A., Prof. Dipl.-Ing., 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Device for the production of biogas from liquid manure
JP2003024998A (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Methane fermentation tank and apparatus using the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4238337A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-12-09 Walter Todd Peters Methane gas producer using biological decomposition of waste matter
JPS59388A (en) * 1982-06-26 1984-01-05 Kubota Ltd Anaerobic digestion of organic waste liquor or organic sludge and digesting apparatus therefor
DE3305624A1 (en) * 1983-02-18 1984-08-23 Frank, Martin A., Prof. Dipl.-Ing., 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Device for the production of biogas from liquid manure
JP2003024998A (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Methane fermentation tank and apparatus using the same

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