WO2006098691A1 - Systeme et procede de chauffage - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006098691A1
WO2006098691A1 PCT/SE2006/050014 SE2006050014W WO2006098691A1 WO 2006098691 A1 WO2006098691 A1 WO 2006098691A1 SE 2006050014 W SE2006050014 W SE 2006050014W WO 2006098691 A1 WO2006098691 A1 WO 2006098691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
air
foundation space
heating system
building
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2006/050014
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sten Engwall
Per-åke ENGWAL VON SCHEELE
Original Assignee
Semako Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Semako Ab filed Critical Semako Ab
Priority to US11/886,095 priority Critical patent/US20080164333A1/en
Priority to EP06717100A priority patent/EP1869369A1/fr
Publication of WO2006098691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006098691A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/06—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
    • F24D5/10—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor or ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/12—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/22—Ventilation air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/13—Hot air central heating systems using heat pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building heating system that includes an insulated foundation space beneath the lowermost floor of the building.
  • the invention in a second aspect relates to a method of heating a building that includes such a foundation space.
  • a heat pump utilizes the energy stored in a low-temperature medium to produce a medium of higher temperature, which requires an energy input, normally electrical energy.
  • the low temperature medium may be rock, earth, water, or air, whereas the medium of higher temperature is usually air.
  • air-a ⁇ r-heat pump is meant a heat pump in which the low temperature medium is air, i.e. air is the heat emitting medium, and where the medium of higher temperature, i.e. the heat absorbing medium, is also air,
  • the amount of energy won from the emitting medium is normally from three to four times greater than the energy supplied for carrying out the process.
  • the energy is won with the aid of a closed circuit that includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve.
  • a heat carrying medium that has appropriate properties with regard io boiling point, etc., passes cyclically through the circuit.
  • the heat carrying medium is passed to the evaporator in the form of Gold liquid, wherein heat is delivered to the liquid by the heat emitting medium and caused to vaporize.
  • the cold vaporized heat carrying medium is then passed to a compressor in which it is compressed to a high elevated pressure.
  • the heat carrying medium is then allowed to pass through a condenser in which the medium condenses to a liquid form while giving off heat to the heat absorbing medium.
  • the liquid is then passed via an expansion valve to the evaporator, for renewal of the cycle.
  • Typical heat carrying mediums are halogenated hydrocarbons, such as Freon R .
  • the heat- emitting medium When a building is heated with the aid of an air-air-heat pump, the heat- emitting medium will normally be air taken from outside the building. Although being beneficial due to the fact that the amount of air available is unlimited, this air has the drawback of being relatively cold, particularly during those periods when heating requirements are at their maximum, i.e. during the winter months and during nighttimes. It is also known to use the exhaust air of the building as the heat emitting medium. This has the benefit of recovering the energy in this relatively warm air. The drawback is that this air is not sufficient to satisfy the heating requirement, thereby necessitating the heating requirement to be supplemented with further heating devices, for instance wood or fossil fired boilers, electric heaters or an additional heat pump. This results in higher system investment costs due to the requirement of more than one heating unit.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heating system that affords better heating economy than that achieved with conventional heating systems and which also provides a healthier living environment in the building.
  • external air refers to the air taken from outside the building
  • exhaust air refers to the air exited from the building but still located within its climatic shell
  • extract air refers to air extracted from the exhaust air when said air has left the climatic shell of the building.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in accordance with the first aspect thereof through the medium of a heating system of the kind in question that includes the special features of comprising at least one heat pump with a heat emitting side situated in the insulated or isolated foundation space, means for distributing air from the foundation space to spaces situated above the lowermost floor, and means for delivering external air to the foundation space.
  • the inventive system enables such a foundation space to be used to an optimum and affords various benefits with regard to heating economy, comfort and health.
  • the heat emitting part of the heat pump is placed in the foundation space instead of in the living space, there is no need to take-up variable living space for this part of the heat pump.
  • the heat pump When the heat pump is situated in a living space it will normally result in solely local heating in which the heat pump is situated, whereas, in the case of the inventive system, warm air is distributed from the foundation space to the various spaces of the buildings.
  • a heat pump placed in the building will mean that used air is also recycled, something that is avoided with the system constructed in accor- dance with the invention.
  • the relative humidity of the incoming external air is reduces as it enters the building and the air is warmed in the foundation space, therewith avoiding condensation and also reducing the risk of mould and decay.
  • the air that is distributed to the living spaces of the building will thus be relatively clean and healthy.
  • the lowermost floor will preferably be insulated.
  • the distribution means include gaps between the floor of the building and the walls thereof.
  • the gaps eliminate the need of ventilation channels, which tend to gather dirt and dust and therefore create health hazards. Because the gaps may be given a very large through-flow-space so that the flow rate of the air will be lower than in typical ventilation channels, there is achieved effective sedimentation of dirt particles.
  • the system includes a fan or blower mounted in the foundation space.
  • a fan or blower enables the external air supplied to be brought into communication with the heat-emitting side of the heat pump in an effective manner.
  • the distribution means in- eludes at least one air conduit that has an inlet opening in the foundation space, wherewith the position of said opening is variable. Because the position of the inlet opening can be varied, the opening can be placed at different levels in the foundation space or at different distances from the fan. The temperature of the air that flows into the air conduit will thus differ in accordance with the position in which the inlet opening is placed. Air that passes up in the building along this path can therewith be used to regulate the temperature in the space into which the outlet of the conduit opens.
  • the heat pump has a heat absorbing side which is structured for air as the heat emitting medium. This is normally the cheapest heat absorption solution and is suffi- ciently effective within a wide range of external temperatures down to about 0° C .
  • the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is structured for external air as the heat emitting medium.
  • the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is structured for extraction air as the heat emitting medium.
  • the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is structured for the simultaneous use of both external air and extraction air as the heat emitting medium.
  • the preferred embodiments mentioned above in the nearest paragraphs have desirable benefits they also have drawbacks to some extent.
  • a purely external air heat pump will provide a satisfactory solution.
  • the alternative option of a purely extract-air-heat pump has its benefits but also significant limitations.
  • the alternative option of an air heat pump of which both external air and extracted air is used as a heat emitting medium constitutes an option of combining the benefits afforded by respective media while of significantly eliminating their drawbacks.
  • the heat pump utilizes warm exhaust air and external air
  • the energy contained in the exhaust air is recovered while, at the same time, achieving the necessary volume of air by also utilizing external air.
  • the combined result is a total building heating economy that is more beneficial than what has been achievable hitherto.
  • the inventive system is that there is less risk of freezing on the heat absorbing side of the heat pump than in the case of a heat pump with which solely external air is used.
  • the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is structured for a mixture of external air and extracted air as the heat emitting medium.
  • the design of the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is simplified when both external air and extraction air is utilized.
  • the heat absorbing side of the heat pump is structured for water and/or earth as the heat emitting medium.
  • the system includes means for switching between different operational states of the heat pump, these operational states comprising:
  • the system includes at least one heat carrying conduit disposed in the ground beneath the foundation space and connected to the heat absorbing side of the heat pump.
  • the system includes means for heating the ground beneath the foundation space.
  • the system includes a solar panel and/or a hearth and heat transfer means for transferring heat from the solar panel, the hearth and/or the foundation space to the ground situated beneath the foundation space.
  • Heat produced from the solar panel or the hearth during periods at which the heat generated thereby exceeds the heat required to heat the building at that moment in time can thereby be utilized and stored in the ground beneath the foundation space. This heat can then be recovered at cold temperature conditions and delivered to the heat absorbing side of the heat pump.
  • the object of the invention has been achieved in accordance with the second aspect of the invention by means of a method of the type concerned which comprises the special steps of disposing the heat emitting side of a heat pump in the foundation space and by distributing air from the foundation space to spaces situated above the lowermost floor of the building and delivering external air to the foundation space.
  • the method is carried out with the aid of a heating system according to the invention or according to preferred embodiments thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the lower part of a building that includes a heating system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view from above the foundation space of the building shown in figure 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view corresponding to figure 1 and illustrating an alternative embodiment
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a detail of an exemplifying embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of the lower part of a building that is equipped with a heating system according to the present invention.
  • the walls 13 of the building rest on a so-called cottage foundation 11.
  • Lowermost in the building is an insulated foundation space which is delimited from the remainder of the building by the lowermost floor 12 of the building.
  • the air present in the foundation space is heated with the aid of a heat pump 1 , 2, where the heat emitting part 2 thereof, i.e. its condenser, is situated in the foundation space.
  • the heat absorbing part 1 of the pump i.e. its evaporator, is located outside the building.
  • the heat pump 1,2, of the illustrated example is an air-air-heat pump and thus obtains its heat from air, which may be external air, air extracted from the building or a combination of such air.
  • External air is delivered to the foundation space 9 as supply air, via a conduit 7 and with the aid of a blower of fan 8.
  • the conduit 7 is positioned so that the external air will be blown directly onto the heat emitting part 2 of the pump.
  • all incoming air will contact the heat emitting part 2 of the pump and therewith heated thereby prior to being spread throughout the foundation space 9. Heated air will therewith be delivered to the building interior, i.e. its foundation space 9. Because the supply air is heated by the heat emitting part of the pump, the relative humidity of this air will be lowered so that no condensation is formed.
  • the foundation space 9 is insulated against the ground S beneath the foundation space by means of an insulating layer 10 covered by a radon fabric 16 and surrounded by a cottage foundation that includes insulating walls.
  • the foundation space 9 is therewith enclosed within the climate shell of the building.
  • the air heated by the heat emitting part 2 of the heat pump will layer so that the warmest air will rise up towards the underside of the floor 12, therewith warming the floor.
  • the somewhat colder, although heated, air will sink to the bottom of the foundation space. Movement of the air in the foundation space 9 is relatively slow. Consequently, dirt and other contaminants that accompany the supply air will fall down onto the bottom and collect on the radon fabric 16.
  • This fabric can be cleaned as required, for instance by rinsing off its surface.
  • gaps 14 Located between the floor 12 and surrounding walls 13 are gaps 14 which function as distribution means for passage of the heated air in the foundation space 9 to the floor above the floor 12. When the building includes several floors, or stories, corresponding gaps will be provided between respective floors.
  • Figure 2 shows the described foundation space from above.
  • Figure 3 is a sectioned view similar to that shown in figure 1 , and illustrates an alternative embodiment of the system, which includes functions additional to those described above. Those components of the figure 3 embodiment that find correspondence in the figure 1 illustration are identified by the same reference signs as those used in figure 1.
  • the heat absorbing part 1 of the heat pump is structured to be heated in this case by both external air and extracted air.
  • the exhaust air is lead through an exhaust air conduit from the rooms of the building and down to the foundation space and from there through the conduit 3A to the heat absorbing part 1 of the pump.
  • the inlet of the exhaust air conduit may comprise a bathroom valve for instance.
  • Circulation of the exhaust air can be enhanced, by including a blower or fan 5 in the exhaust air conduit 3.
  • a heat exchanger 22 which is adapted to bring the exhaust air in the conduit 3 into heat-exchanging relationship with the supply air in the conduit 7.
  • the supply air flows into the foundation space 9 through the outlet 7a, it is pre-heated and then heated still further as it approaches the heat absorbing part 2 of the pump.
  • the heat contained by the exhaust air is recovered with this arrangement in two stages, firstly in the heat exchanger 22 and then in the heat emitting part 1 of the pump.
  • the conduit 23 includes an inlet part 23a which is telescopically displaceable so as to enable the inlet opening 23 to be moved to different height positions in the foundation space 9.
  • the inlet opening 23b is moved down towards the lower part of the foundation space where the temperature is lower so that somewhat cooler air will flow up through the air conduit 23.
  • the system shown in figure 3 also includes means that can be moved down into the ground S beneath the foundation space 9 and store heat contained in the ground.
  • a conduit 24 is buried in the ground to this end.
  • the conduit 24 communicates with a heat exchanger 25.
  • Heat is delivered to the heat exchanger 25 from a hearth 27, via a conduit system 26.
  • the heat carrying medium in the conduit 26 may be air, steam or water.
  • the conduit system 26 includes an adjustment valve or switch 34 through which a conduit branch can be brought into communication with the heat exchanger 25. This enables the air in the foundation space 9 to be utilized as a source of heat to the heat exchanger 25 during those periods in which surplus heat is generated in the foundation space, such as may be the case during the summer months.
  • surplus heat can be passed directly from the foundation space 9 into the ground through pipes, so as to heat the ground.
  • the system illustrated in figure 3 also includes a heat-generating solar panel 29.
  • the solar panel is connected to the heat exchanger 25 by means of a heat carrying conduit 28, wherewith the heat carrier may be air or water.
  • Heat may be supplied to the heat exchanger 25 through the medium of a conduit system that conducts tap water from the building to the heat exchanger 25. It will be understood that the heat sources described above for supplying heat to the heat exchanger 25 can be used individually or in different combinations with one another. The climatic zone and other conditions will decide which combination is optimal in each individual case. Although it has been inferred for the sake of simplicity that all heat sources deliver heat to one and the same heat exchanging unit 25, it will be understood that each heat source may serve a separate heat exchanger.
  • the conduit 24 that provides a heat carrier circuit for the heat to be transported from the heat exchanger 25 to the ground S may be structured for air, water and/or steam, depending on the nature of the heat source used.
  • the primary heat carrier will be steam when the heat source is comprised of the hearth 27 while in other cases water is the most suitable heat carrier.
  • the heat emitting side of the heat pump 1 , 2 may include a conduit which leads air to the ground S during periods at which the heat pump produces more heat than is required to heat the building.
  • ground heat in the ground S can be taken with the aid of a separate conventional ground heat pump.
  • ground heat can be recovered by providing the heat emitting part 2 of the air-air-heat pump 1 , 2 with a heat absorbing part 32 that is comprised of a heat exchanger which takes up water-carried heat from the ground S via a conduit 33.
  • conduit 24 has been shown to comprise horizontal loops in the ground S.
  • the conduit loops may be disposed vertically and caused to extend down to a much greater depth. This may, in many cases, result in reduced excavation costs incurred by digging deep and narrow holes as compared with shallow and broad holes?.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the heat absorbing part 1 of the heat pump with which both external and extraction air is used as a heat emitting medium.
  • extraction air B from the exhaust air conduit and external air A is led into a mixing chamber 18, which may have the form of a hood that connects with the external part 1 of the heat pump.
  • the mixture of extraction and external air is then delivered to the external part 1 of the pump. Mixing of the air may be made more effective prior to the airflow entering the external part 1 , by providing a shielding element 19.
  • the volume of external air A delivered is regulated by a butterfly valve 17.
  • the valve may be controlled automatically, depending on the volume of incoming extraction air B.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de chauffage de bâtiment comprenant une fondation isolée (9) située en dessous de la partie la plus basse du bâtiment. Le système de l'invention comprend au moins une pompe à chaleur (1, 2) dont le côté thermo-absorbant (2) situé dans l'espace de fondation (9). Le système comprend également des organes (23) qui distribuent l'air depuis l'espace de fondation vers les espaces situées au-dessus du sol (12), ainsi que des organes (7) amenant l'air extérieur dans ledit espace (9). Est également décrit un procédé de chauffage d'un bâtiment.
PCT/SE2006/050014 2005-03-16 2006-02-24 Systeme et procede de chauffage WO2006098691A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/886,095 US20080164333A1 (en) 2005-03-16 2006-02-24 Heating System And A Method For Heating
EP06717100A EP1869369A1 (fr) 2005-03-16 2006-02-24 Systeme et procede de chauffage

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0500597A SE531216C2 (sv) 2005-03-16 2005-03-16 Uppvärmningssystem, värmepump och uppvärmningsaggregat
SE0500597-0 2005-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006098691A1 true WO2006098691A1 (fr) 2006-09-21

Family

ID=36991976

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2006/050014 WO2006098691A1 (fr) 2005-03-16 2006-02-24 Systeme et procede de chauffage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080164333A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1869369A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE531216C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006098691A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10866014B2 (en) 2007-06-27 2020-12-15 Racool, L.L.C. Building designs and heating and cooling systems
US10082317B2 (en) 2007-06-27 2018-09-25 Racool, L.L.C. Building designs and heating and cooling systems
US9328932B2 (en) * 2007-06-27 2016-05-03 Racool, L.L.C. Building designs and heating and cooling systems
SE535033C2 (sv) 2010-09-14 2012-03-20 Goesta Sundberg Ett byggnadsmaterial innefattande PCM och ett klimathölje

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BE836906A (fr) * 1975-12-19 1976-04-16
FR2363064A1 (fr) * 1976-08-25 1978-03-24 Weeen Leo V D Procede de conditionnement d'air de locaux et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
US5544453A (en) * 1991-05-10 1996-08-13 System Teeg Ab Foundation for a building structure

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0500597L (sv) 2006-09-17
SE531216C2 (sv) 2009-01-20
EP1869369A1 (fr) 2007-12-26
US20080164333A1 (en) 2008-07-10

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