WO2006097120A1 - A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins - Google Patents
A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006097120A1 WO2006097120A1 PCT/EP2005/002744 EP2005002744W WO2006097120A1 WO 2006097120 A1 WO2006097120 A1 WO 2006097120A1 EP 2005002744 W EP2005002744 W EP 2005002744W WO 2006097120 A1 WO2006097120 A1 WO 2006097120A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- proteins
- process according
- carbamylation
- carried out
- alimentary
- Prior art date
Links
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000000774 hypoallergenic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000021235 carbamoylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003645 Atopy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XIGSAGMEBXLVJJ-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-homocitrulline Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O XIGSAGMEBXLVJJ-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013567 aeroallergen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRUYWEMUWIRRNB-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[carboxy(methyl)amino]hexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)N(C)[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN RRUYWEMUWIRRNB-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000317 Chymotrypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061958 Food Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000009793 Milk Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010859 Milk allergy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FFQKYPRQEYGKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamoyl phosphate Chemical compound NC(=O)OP(O)(O)=O FFQKYPRQEYGKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002376 chymotrypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000005356 cow milk allergy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020215 hypoallergenic milk formula Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001694 hyposensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001926 lymphatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002669 lysines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M metam-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].CNC([S-])=S AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000035118 modified proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005573 modified proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940092253 ovalbumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004850 protein–protein interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012064 sodium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/76—Albumins
- C07K14/77—Ovalbumin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/04—Animal proteins
- A23J3/08—Dairy proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
- C07K1/1072—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups
- C07K1/1077—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups by covalent attachment of residues other than amino acids or peptide residues, e.g. sugars, polyols, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4732—Casein
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins by subjecting said proteins to carbamylation reaction.
- Hypoallergenic formula are used to prevent cow milk related hypersensitivity reaction in atopic babies and to avoid clinical manifestation in allergic patients. They are prepared by extensive hydrolysis of the native proteins with proteases. These formulas are usually effective, but contain residual peptides that preserve immunoreactive epitopes and clinical intolerance has been observed. The low allergenicity of the extensively hydrolyzed formula supports its use in allergy prophylaxis but these have lost the IgG response (antigenicity). ⁇ -amino groups of lysine are exposed to the solvent, so they are surely involved in protein-protein interactions and this may be decisive in Ab-Ag reactions (Novotny J. et al., Immunology Today 1987; 8: 26), as the binding. may be influenced by changing this residue. Many paper reports how the substitution of only one amino acid in a linear epitope is sufficient to prevent 1 uitigen by the related antibody.
- this amino acid is Lysine, as this amino acid results exposed toward the solvent and therefore easily available to interact with other proteins in solution.
- the amino acid residues critical for IgE binding determined in the allergen LoI p5 are the residues Lys 57 in the peptide 49-60 and LyS 275 in the peptide 265-276.
- EP 0421949Bl, 1994 leads to a slight change in the protein structure of the allergen since the epsilon amino group of the amino acid is modified into an ureidic derivative (carbamylation). While both the molecular weight and the dimension of the modified protein remain practically unchanged, its electrical charge results modified: for every reacted lysine, a cationic charge is lost.
- the present invention provides a solution to the above problem, since it allows to modify the amino acid sequence of the main epitopes, which are thereby rendered immunogically different from the native ones.
- the object of the invention has been reached by chemical modification of the lysine of the allergenic polypeptides into homocitrulline, previously disclosed but only for the preparation of allergoids for the immunotherapy of allergic diseases. (Falagiani P., Brenna O. and Mistrello G., 1993: "Chemically modified allergens and process for the preparation thereof, IT 1237475.
- the modified products obtainable by the process of the invention can therefore be consumed also by subjects allergic to milk proteins or other food proteins without manifesting severe intolerance symptoms.
- the foods of the invention are particularly indicated for atopic patients, since the reduced exposition to allergens can avoid or reduce the risk of sensitisation.
- food proteins are reacted with an alkali cyanate or other reagents useful as a cyanate source, suck as carbamyl phosphate and the like.
- Cyanate does not react with arginine whereas at acidic pH, the formation of intra/ inter pseudo-peptide bonds occurs.
- Carbamylation may be carried out in apH range from about 6.5 to alkaline pH.
- a stable ureido group is obtained when cyanate is reacts with the ⁇ -NH 2 of lysine, according to the following scheme: P-(CH 2 ) 4 - NH 2 ( ⁇ ) ⁇ P-(CH 2 ) 4 - NH-CO-NH 2 STABLE
- reaction conditions are preferred, when an alkaline cyanate is used: pH 9.1 ⁇ 0.1 ; 40°C-50°C; 16-20 h, giving 90% ⁇ -amino group modification.
- reaction temperature and time may anyhow range within wide limits, for instance from 15 to 150 0 C and from 30 s to 24 h, depending on the considered protein and the desired carbam
- the percent carbamylation of the ⁇ -amino groups of the protein obtainable according to the invention is higher than 5%, preferably higher than 50% and more preferably higher than 90%.
- the protein Molecular weight (MW) and 3D-structure practically are unchanged whereas pi is acidified, sensitivity to trypsin attack decreases and sensitivity to chymotrypsin attack increases.
- proteins of dietetic interest may be treated according to the invention, for instance proteins from milk, egg, soy, cereal etc..
- EXAMPLE 1 (carbamylated milk proteins) A mixture of 4 g of sodium caseinate and 6 g of milk serum protein is suspended in 400 ml of 0.1 M sodium tetraborate buffer, adjusting the pH to 9.1 ⁇ 0.1 with 1 M NaOH. 20 of re-crysta ind allowed to react under mild stirring at 45 0 C for 18 hrs. At the same time 1/10 of a similar mixture, wherein KCNO is replaced by an equivalent amount of KCl, is treated under the same conditions (blank).
- Table 2 reports the substitution degree values of the e-amino groups as 5 a function of the reaction time at 40 0 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins by subjecting said proteins to carbamylation reaction.
Description
A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYPOALLERGENIC ALIMENTARY PROTEINS
The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins by subjecting said proteins to carbamylation reaction.
Background of the invention Allergic syndromes, in particular food intolerances, are continuously increasing. This is a remarkable problem, since food is nowadays the main cause of serious allergic reactions.
To date, the sole possibility for the sensitised patient to avoid such reactions is not to ingest the incriminated food, which is quite difficult to do with nutritionally important food, such as milk proteins. Moreover, the presence in these proteins of highly sensitising epitopes induces new sensitisation phenomena, with persistence or even worsening of the related clinical manifestations.
Hypoallergenic formula are used to prevent cow milk related hypersensitivity reaction in atopic babies and to avoid clinical manifestation in allergic patients. They are prepared by extensive hydrolysis of the native proteins with proteases. These formulas are usually effective, but contain residual peptides that preserve immunoreactive epitopes and clinical intolerance has been observed. The low allergenicity of the extensively hydrolyzed formula supports its use in allergy prophylaxis but these have lost the IgG response (antigenicity). ε-amino groups of lysine are exposed to the solvent, so they are surely involved in protein-protein interactions and this may be decisive in Ab-Ag reactions (Novotny J. et al., Immunology Today 1987; 8: 26), as the binding. may be influenced by changing this residue.
Many paper reports how the substitution of only one amino acid in a linear epitope is sufficient to prevent 1 uitigen by the related antibody.
In many cases this amino acid is Lysine, as this amino acid results exposed toward the solvent and therefore easily available to interact with other proteins in solution. For example, the amino acid residues critical for IgE binding determined in the allergen LoI p5 are the residues Lys57 in the peptide 49-60 and LyS275 in the peptide 265-276. (Suphioglu C, et al.. MoI. Immunol. 1998 35:293; Swoboda I. et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 2002;32:270. This chemical modification, already patented to prepare allergoids from aeroallergens (to be used in hyposensitizing therapies, Falagiani P. Brenna O. and Mistrello G. EP 0421949Bl, 1994) leads to a slight change in the protein structure of the allergen since the epsilon amino group of the amino acid is modified into an ureidic derivative (carbamylation). While both the molecular weight and the dimension of the modified protein remain practically unchanged, its electrical charge results modified: for every reacted lysine, a cationic charge is lost.
We can suppose therefore that, while the natural interaction is not prevented between the modified allergen and the specific antibody, the binding constant is surely modified.
Furthermore, since the digestion of a protein influences its absorption, the fact that the main point of attack for the trypsin (lysine) is modified, according to the patented process, surely different peptides are originated, with probable important differences in their absorption. The reactions between milk proteins and lactose, that lead to different derivatives in which lysine is involved (lactulosyl-lysine, advanced Maillard compounds, carboxymethyl lysine: Finot P. et al., Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, vol 5: Maillard reaction in foods. Ed. C Erikson Pergamon
Press, Oxford: 1981 ; Evangelisti F. et al.; J. Dairy Res. 1999;66:237) are well known. Through a derived amino acid (f :id hydrolysis of the proteins of milk, the thermal damage suffered by milk can be evaluated (Tirelli A., J. Food Prot. 1998;61 : 1400). These reactions could interfere with the allergenicity of the milk proteins, assuming that lysine is important for the activity of the epitopes. However some Japanese authors (Matsuda T. et., J. Food Sci. 1985: 50:618) reported that such modifications cause the appearance of new epitopes and therefore the aforesaid changes have not considered useful to decrease the allergenicity of milk proteins.
The reaction of carbamylation of the ε amino group of lysine is less drastic from a structural point of view; furthermore, the demonstration of the decrease of allergenic activity of carbamylated aeroallergens has been already acquired after 10 years of clinical trials and > 40,000 patients involved (sublingual route: lymphatic/digestive route).
The problem of allergic responses to some proteins present in food, particularly Cow Milk Allergy has not yet found a satisfactory solution, the partial hydrolysis of said proteins involving the drawbacks mentioned above.
Description of the invention The present invention provides a solution to the above problem, since it allows to modify the amino acid sequence of the main epitopes, which are thereby rendered immunogically different from the native ones.
The object of the invention has been reached by chemical modification of the lysine of the allergenic polypeptides into homocitrulline, previously disclosed but only for the preparation of allergoids for the immunotherapy of allergic diseases. (Falagiani P., Brenna O. and Mistrello G., 1993: "Chemically modified allergens and process for the preparation thereof, IT 1237475.
Therefore, for the first time this process is applied to food proteins. It is
already known that homocitrulline, obtained from lysine through chemical modification, is not toxic or dangerous to s not undergo metabolisation. The daily intake of lysine from other unmodified proteins, to which the patient is not sensitised, is largely sufficient for maintaining a correct nutritional state.
The modified products obtainable by the process of the invention can therefore be consumed also by subjects allergic to milk proteins or other food proteins without manifesting severe intolerance symptoms. Moreover, the foods of the invention are particularly indicated for atopic patients, since the reduced exposition to allergens can avoid or reduce the risk of sensitisation.
According to the invention, food proteins are reacted with an alkali cyanate or other reagents useful as a cyanate source, suck as carbamyl phosphate and the like.
Cyanate reacts with functional side groups in proteins as follows: • P-NH2 (α) ► P-NH-CO-NH2 ► (hydantoin)
• P-SH ► P-S-HN-CO-NH2 ► (unstable)
• P-tyrosine-OH P-tyrosine-O-CO-NH2 (unstable, as for histidine)
• P-CONH2 ► unstable derivatives
Cyanate does not react with arginine whereas at acidic pH, the formation of intra/ inter pseudo-peptide bonds occurs.
Carbamylation may be carried out in apH range from about 6.5 to alkaline pH.
A stable ureido group is obtained when cyanate is reacts with the ε-NH 2 of lysine, according to the following scheme: P-(CH2)4 - NH2 (ε) ► P-(CH2)4 - NH-CO-NH2 STABLE
The following reaction conditions are preferred, when an alkaline cyanate is used: pH 9.1 ± 0.1 ; 40°C-50°C; 16-20 h, giving 90% ε-amino group modification.
The reaction temperature and time may anyhow range within wide
limits, for instance from 15 to 1500C and from 30 s to 24 h, depending on the considered protein and the desired carbam
The percent carbamylation of the ε-amino groups of the protein obtainable according to the invention is higher than 5%, preferably higher than 50% and more preferably higher than 90%.
The protein Molecular weight (MW) and 3D-structure practically are unchanged whereas pi is acidified, sensitivity to trypsin attack decreases and sensitivity to chymotrypsin attack increases.
Any kind of proteins of dietetic interest may be treated according to the invention, for instance proteins from milk, egg, soy, cereal etc..
The problem is of course particularly critical in milk and dairy industries, since allergy to milk proteins is becoming more and more frequent and represents one of the most important component of an equilibrated diet, in view of its supply of proteins, sugars, fat, vitamins, calcium ions and other salts. Lysine is present in the linear epitopes of many of the milk allergens
(table 1) and carbamylation of these lysines abolishes the reactivity of IgE related to those linear epitopes.
Moreover, shifting the proteolytic susceptibility leads to different peptides that can trigger a different mechanism in the allergic response:
Table 1
The following Examples further illustrate the invention. EXAMPLE 1 (carbamylated milk proteins) A mixture of 4 g of sodium caseinate and 6 g of milk serum protein is
suspended in 400 ml of 0.1 M sodium tetraborate buffer, adjusting the pH to 9.1 ± 0.1 with 1 M NaOH. 20 of re-crysta ind allowed to react under mild stirring at 450C for 18 hrs. At the same time 1/10 of a similar mixture, wherein KCNO is replaced by an equivalent amount of KCl, is treated under the same conditions (blank). To calculate the substitution degree of the lysine ε-groups, at the end of the reaction 10 ml of the two solutions are gel-filtered through a G25® Fine column (2.5 x 15 cm), eluting with 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.86. The initial protein peak from each eluate is collected and submitted first to the biuret test (Gornall A G et al., 0 J.Biol. Chem. 1949: 177: 751), to evaluate the protein content and then to the reaction with TNBS (Ηabeeb AF. Anal. Biochem. 1966: 14:328), to evaluate the amino groups concentration (reference curves obtained with BSA).
Mix 4/6 CNO A 540 nm = 0,264 mgP/mL = 5. ,4 a
Mix 4/6 Ref A 540 nm = 0,296 mgP/mL = 6. ,15 b 5 TNBS assay
Mix 4/6 CNO A 345 nm = 0,4 μM NH2AnL = 0,074 C
Mix 4/6 Ref A 345 nm = 1 ,3 μM NH2/mL = 8,67 d
% substitution = c/a/d/b x 100 = 95%
The rest of the derivative is gel-filtered though a column with suitable
>0 dimensions.
EXAMPLE 2
10 g of ovalbumin are treated under the conditions of example 1. Samples are takes at different times to follow the substitution reaction.
Table 2 reports the substitution degree values of the e-amino groups as 5 a function of the reaction time at 400C.
Claims
I . A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins by subjecting said proteins to carbamylation reaction.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the carbamylation is carried out by reacting the protein with a cyanate or a cyanate source.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the carbamylation is carried out at a pH value from 6.5 to alkaline.
4. A process according to claim 1 to 3 wherein the carbamylation is carried out at temperature range from 15 to 1500C.
5 A process according to claim 1 to 4 wherein the carbamylation is carried out under the mentioned conditions for times spanning from 30 sec to 24 h.
6. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction is carried out at with an alkaline cyanate at a pH of 9.1 ± 0.1, a temperature range of
40°C-50°C for 16-2O h.
7. A process according to claim 3 wherein the percent carbamylation of the ε-amino groups of the protein is higher than 5%, preferably higher than 50% and more preferably higher than 90%.
8. A process according to anyone of claims from 1 to 7 wherein the proteins are milk, egg, cereal and soy proteins.
9. A process according to claim 8 wherein the proteins are cow milk proteins.
10. Alimentary proteins obtainable by the process of the processes of claims 1-9.
I I . Food products and compositions comprising the proteins of claim 10.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/002744 WO2006097120A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/002744 WO2006097120A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006097120A1 true WO2006097120A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=34963278
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/002744 WO2006097120A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2005-03-15 | A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2006097120A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103141739A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-12 | 呼伦贝尔双娃乳业有限公司 | Hypo-allergenic lactoprotein powder based on complex carbohydrate modification and preparation method |
WO2017158202A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Genclis | Molecular origin of allergy |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0421949A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-10 | LABORATORIO FARMACEUTICO LOFARMA s.r.l. | Chemically modified allergens and process for the preparation thereof |
US20040209312A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2004-10-21 | Harding Fiona A | Identifying and reducing the allergenicity of food proteins |
-
2005
- 2005-03-15 WO PCT/EP2005/002744 patent/WO2006097120A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0421949A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-10 | LABORATORIO FARMACEUTICO LOFARMA s.r.l. | Chemically modified allergens and process for the preparation thereof |
US20040209312A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2004-10-21 | Harding Fiona A | Identifying and reducing the allergenicity of food proteins |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MANSON W ET AL: "PRODUCTS OF THE HEAT-PROMOTED REACTION BETWEEN UREA AND THE PROTEIN FRACTION OF BOVINE MILK", JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH, vol. 52, no. 3, 1985, pages 401 - 408, XP009053229, ISSN: 0022-0299 * |
SWEETSUR A W M ET AL: "ROLE OF CYANATE IONS IN THE UREA INDUCED STABILIZATION OF THE CASEINATE COMPLEX IN SKIM MILK", JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 1, 1981, pages 163 - 166, XP009053243, ISSN: 0022-0299 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103141739A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-12 | 呼伦贝尔双娃乳业有限公司 | Hypo-allergenic lactoprotein powder based on complex carbohydrate modification and preparation method |
WO2017158202A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | Genclis | Molecular origin of allergy |
CN109564204A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-04-02 | 真克里斯公司 | The Molecular Origin of allergy |
US11234445B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2022-02-01 | Genclis | Molecular origin of allergy |
EP4148427A1 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2023-03-15 | Genclis | Molecular origin of allergy |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Cunsolo et al. | Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties | |
Chatterton et al. | Bioactivity of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin—Technological implications for processing | |
Wal | Bovine milk allergenicity | |
Hernandez-Ledesma et al. | Identification of bioactive peptides after digestion of human milk and infant formula with pepsin and pancreatin | |
Van Beresteijn et al. | Molecular mass distribution immunological properties nutritive value of whey protein hydrolysates | |
Wal | Cow's milk proteins/allergens | |
Dupont et al. | Comparative resistance of food proteins to adult and infant in vitro digestion models | |
Piot et al. | Isolation and characterization of two opioid peptides from a bovine hemoglobin peptic hydrolysate | |
HATA et al. | Identification of a phosphopeptide in bovine αs1-casein digest as a factor influencing proliferation and immunoglobulin production in lymphocyte cultures | |
Alting et al. | Incomplete elimination of the ABBOS epitope of bovine serum albumin under simulated gastrointestinal conditions of infants | |
Kunz et al. | Casein micelles and casein subunits in human milk | |
Li et al. | Optimization of the biological processing of rice dregs into nutritional peptides with the aid of trypsin | |
Joehnke et al. | In vitro digestibility of rapeseed and bovine whey protein mixtures | |
Liu et al. | Generation of soluble advanced glycation end products receptor (sRAGE)-binding ligands during extensive heat treatment of whey protein/lactose mixtures is dependent on glycation and aggregation | |
Sathe | Protein solubility and functionality | |
Gazme et al. | Effect of enzyme immobilization and in vitro digestion on the immune-reactivity and sequence of IgE epitopes in egg white proteins | |
Bassan et al. | Buffalo cheese whey proteins, identification of a 24 kDa protein and characterization of their hydrolysates: In vitro gastrointestinal digestion | |
JP7510929B2 (en) | Soluble legume protein hydrolysates | |
Kumagai et al. | Improvement of digestibility, reduction in allergenicity, and induction of oral tolerance of wheat gliadin by deamidation | |
WO2006097120A1 (en) | A process for the preparation of hypoallergenic alimentary proteins | |
Cases et al. | 9 Phosphorylation Reduces the Allergenicity of Cow Casein in Children With Selective Allergy to Goat and Sheep Milk | |
Wang et al. | Relationship between antigenicity and allergenic epitopes of extensive hydrolyzed whey protein: LC-MS/MS-based analysis | |
Jaiswal et al. | Iron (II)-chelating activity of buffalo α S-casein hydrolysed by corolase PP, alcalase and flavourzyme | |
Lemieux et al. | High-performance liquid chromatography of casein hydrolysates phosphorylated and dephosphorylated: I. Peptide mapping | |
Pacheco et al. | Effect of different hydrolysates of whey protein on hepatic glutathione content in mice |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: RU |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: RU |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 05716074 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 5716074 Country of ref document: EP |