WO2006086332A2 - Procede et systeme pour la construction, la conception et la gestion d'elements de construction - Google Patents

Procede et systeme pour la construction, la conception et la gestion d'elements de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006086332A2
WO2006086332A2 PCT/US2006/004171 US2006004171W WO2006086332A2 WO 2006086332 A2 WO2006086332 A2 WO 2006086332A2 US 2006004171 W US2006004171 W US 2006004171W WO 2006086332 A2 WO2006086332 A2 WO 2006086332A2
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Prior art keywords
construction
user
options
elements
assembly
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PCT/US2006/004171
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English (en)
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WO2006086332A3 (fr
Inventor
Barry D. Yatt
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Yatt Barry D
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Publication of WO2006086332A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006086332A2/fr
Publication of WO2006086332A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006086332A3/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to construction projects, and more particularly to a system and method for building, managing and employing technical building design configurations using a classification system.
  • MasterFormatTM is a classification standard for building design and construction projects organized roughly by material. It lists titles and section numbers for organizing data about construction requirements, products, and activities. By standardizing such information, MasterFormatTM facilitates communication among architects, specifiers, contractors and suppliers. MasterFormatTM is part of a larger classification system called the Omniclass Construction Classification System (OCCSTM). MasterFormatTM and OCCSTM are trademarks of the Construction Specification Institute, Alexandria, VA.
  • OCCSTM Omniclass Construction Classification System
  • Uniformat IITM is a classification standard for building design and construction projects organized roughly by location within a building. It lists titles and section numbers for organizing data about construction requirements, products, and activities. By standardizing such information, Uniformat IITM facilitates communication among architects, specifiers, contractors and suppliers. It provides a common structure linking the building program, specifications and estimates. Uniformat IITM is a trademark of Uniformat II, Plattsburgh, NY. SpecLinkTM, MasterSpecTM and PerspectiveTM are specification writing tools. A specifications writer using these products starts with an outline (based on MasterFormatTM or Uniformat IITM, for example) of the various materials and assemblies that might be found or used in a project. Users identify those materials and assemblies that they will need for their project.
  • CoStarTM is a software program used by commercial landlords and real estate brokers to organize and search through information about commercial leasing properties. It helps tenant brokers find space for their clients to rent, and helps landlord brokers get word to the tenant brokers. It is published in the form of an Internet-based computer application. To search its information, brokers open a blank form, type in the information they are looking for in a property, and CoStar finds all listed properties that fulfill the identified criteria.
  • Sweet's Catalog is a collection of manufacturer's product brochures in both hard copy and CD versions, which are used by architects to identify specific products that might be appropriate for the projects they design, and to get basic information on those they specify for use in construction. It contains information only, is classified by MasterFormatTM, for example, and includes no methodology. It is published in hard copy (requiring about twenty hard-cover telephone-book-sized volumes), and as CDs that are updated quarterly and is available on the Internet. The information in Sweet's Catalog is provided by manufacturers, and its cost is largely underwritten by insertion fees paid by the manufacturers. Even in electronic versions, although searchable, Sweet's Catalog is not interactive.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,625,619 to McClendon et al. describes an interactive construction product search engine, e.g., something an architect could use to connect with and download manufacturers' data describing product properties.
  • Other online references such as www.firstsourceonl.com, provided by First Source of Norcross, Georgia, provide a library of commercial building product information.
  • Still other web sites such as www.wbdg.org, provided by the National Institute of Building Sciences of Washington, D.C., provide a portal for integrated whole building design techniques and technologies.
  • ADS produces a computer-aided design (CAD) interface that automates the creation of construction detail drawings, specifications, and schedules from standards contained in a data library.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • ADS simply but automatically generates the requested details, specifications, and schedules.
  • the related art is limited in that, among other things, it does not disclose standardizing a complete, comprehensive system for cataloguing construction elements at every scale, for example, from form to detail to connection to assembly to subassembly to material to treatment. Nor does the related art disclose automatically compiling subassembly drawings into connections and complete detail drawings through the use of standardized "insertion points" and "stretch commands”. Nor does the related art disclose automatically compiling property information to report back to the user on the combined effect of several subassemblies.
  • a further drawback to the prior art is the inability to hold recommended solutions for all of the needed subassemblies for comparison against one another to ensure that all needed subassemblies have been identified and are compatible, and that, as a composite, they fulfill the needed criteria.
  • the prior art provide options based on a user's experience level.
  • this art allow for "what if explorations to see the effect on a detail design of changing one or more of its performance criteria.
  • the present invention solves the above and other shortcomings by providing a system and methodology for classifying information related to the identification, selection, compilation, evaluation, customization, documentation and tracking of the elements of construction projects.
  • the invention assists in organizing and navigating the enormous range, depth, and quantity of information published in the construction industry, facilitating its distribution to primary users such as design professionals, builders and property managers for their use in the technical design of projects and the preparation of the contract documents needed for construction.
  • the present invention further assists secondary users such as manufacturers and trade associations in distributing and collecting information related to construction elements.
  • Classification System A system of organized elements such as described and illustrated herein.
  • Taxonomy A classification system.
  • Element A limited but relative scope of construction defined at any of several scales, or a specific physical piece of construction manifested at such a scale. Elements can therefore include forms, details, connections, assemblies, subassemblies, materials, and treatments (e.g., material modification processes), or a specific piece of construction at any of those scales.
  • Subclass/Subgroup Any of the levels of hierarchy within a taxonomy.
  • Project A building or other man-made construction. Projects are typically comprised of elements documented with details and specifications.
  • Criterion Any term that establishes a measure of successful selection and implementation for an element.
  • Criteria Plural of criterion.
  • a classification system for organizing and managing information related to the selection and implementation of construction elements of a building, wherein the system operates at multiple levels of assembly from, for example, overall form to assembly to subassembly to product to material to material treatment to connection to detail.
  • users can employ a variety of factors such has aesthetics, functionality, strength, durability, ease of installation, cost and environmental sustainability.
  • a system for assessing the combined performance levels likely to result from the selected combination of construction elements is provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic depicting an architectural layout of one embodiment of the system of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are portions of a sample classification system in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4-8 are flow charts depicting process steps taken in assisting users in building design details in accordance with several embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a sample detail drawing in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 10-17 are sample screen layouts depicting various aspects of the present invention in accordance with an online embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a sample photograph of a construction element marked with a bar code in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention comprises a system 10 having a detail engine 11 for building, storing and managing information related to the elements that constitute construction details and to design configuration, including the identification, selection, compilation, evaluation, customization and documentation of the elements of construction projects.
  • Detail engine 11 can be provided with a component group 12 comprising one or more functional or logical components such as concept component 22, assembly component 24, sub-assembly component 26, materials component 28, treatment component 30, connection component 32, detail component 34, and output component 36, which are described more completely hereafter.
  • Detail engine 11, component group 12 and individual components can be accessed by a stand-alone computer operating software embodying the present invention, or by computers over a network 14 such as the
  • system 10 can comprise component group 12, individual components, detail engine 11, and/or network 14 individually or in combination.
  • detail engine 11 can further comprise a rules engine 40 and a database 42 in communication with component group 12.
  • Rules engine 40 comprises logic and rules which constrain the system so as to produce only valid configurations and combinations in accordance with the present invention.
  • Such rules can be, for example, in the form of "if-then” type statements (e.g., "if a user selects a "roof form, then provide options for a sloped and a pitched roof), and/or in the form of "repeat-until” type statements (e.g., "repeat the offering of a construction concept to the user until the user indicates that all concept information has been entered) and/or in the form of other logical constructs known to those skilled in the art.
  • Database 42 stores information pertaining to concepts, details, assemblies, treatment options, sub-assemblies, connections, materials, outputs, rules, logic, users (e.g., consumer users, manufacturer users, architect/builder users, administrative users, etc.) and other information and programming in accordance with the present invention.
  • database 42 stores a classification system and/or taxonomy of building details to assist users in developing custom and acceptable building detail drawings and specifications.
  • Concept component 22 manages information about detailing concepts, such as levels and styles of detailing, and forms of construction, for example.
  • Concept component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the concept component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • the present invention operates through the concept component and rules engine to ensure that only appropriate selection and compilation functions are available at the time of selecting details from the detail component, based on elements selected via the concept component.
  • Assembly component 24 manages information about various assembly types and options, such as vertical assemblies (e.g., indoor, outdoor, enclosing), horizontal assemblies, and component assemblies, for example. Assembly component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the assembly component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • vertical assemblies e.g., indoor, outdoor, enclosing
  • horizontal assemblies e.g., horizontal assemblies, and component assemblies, for example.
  • Assembly component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the assembly component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Sub-assembly component 26 manages information about available sub- assembly element options, such as surfaces, supports, separations, systems and subcomponents, for example. Sub-assembly component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the sub-assembly component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Materials component 28 manages information about available material options, such as inorganic materials, organic materials, and amalgams, for example. Materials component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the materials component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Treatment component 30 manages information about available material treatment options, such as cutting, shaping, texturing, modification and coating, for example. Treatment component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users downstream of the treatment component are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Connection component 32 manages information about available connection options, such as internal connections, terminations, interruptions and terminations, for example. Connection component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Detail component 34 manages information about construction details, such as underground details, facades, roof edges and mid-roof options, for example.
  • Detail component is also in communication with rules engine 40 and the remaining components to ensure that design element selection options and product recommendations presented to users are appropriately adjusted to reflect only viable options.
  • Output component 36 manages information about documentation associated with selected options, such as drawings and text specifications, for example, as will be described more completely hereinafter.
  • the present invention further includes a corrections component and a change management component (not shown in Fig. 1) as part of detail engine 11.
  • Corrections component can include an assessment subcomponent so as to provide project assessments based on comparing user-identified performance criteria with performance levels achieved by selected elements from a user session, in terms of design aesthetics, constructability and required operations such as cleaning, maintenance and repair, for example.
  • Corrections component can further include an adjustment subcomponent to allow for adjustments to be made to selected design elements for the purposes of reassessing the overall design and meeting stated (or restated) criteria, for example. In one embodiment, adjustments can be made by the user, or the user can ask the system of the present invention to make adjustments as deemed appropriate.
  • Change management component can be provided to receive inputs from external sources which require incorporation into the classification system of the present invention. For example, if a manufacturer no longer provides a certain trim element in wood, the change management component can obtain and/or retrieve this information and update the classification system accordingly. Further, the change management component can obtain or retrieve zoning, building or other code information applicable in particular jurisdictions which may affect selection options from the classification system. In one embodiment, change management is passive and waits for external sources to access the system before communicating changes to the classification system. In another embodiment, change management component can employ agents as are known in the art to search a network such as the Internet for available changes, whether those changes are from standards-writing organizations, manufacturers, legislators or otherwise.
  • Users of the system of the present invention can be, for example, architects and other design professionals 50, builders 52, consumers 54, product manufacturers and trade associations 56, and system developers/administrative users 58 who help build, modify and maintain the system 10 of the present invention.
  • One characterization of users of the system of the present invention is either to view a user as a data provider (e.g., a manufacturer submitting information about construction products) or a data user (e.g., a design professional using the manufacturer's submitted information in creating a detail and specification).
  • the present invention provides interfaces and logic to assist individuals ranging from novices to experts.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show an illustrative taxonomy for use in connection with the present invention.
  • the present invention requires a comprehensive classification system.
  • the present invention includes a Concept group 60, an Assembly group 61, a SubAssemblies group 62, a Materials group 63, a Treatments group 64, a Connections group 65, a Details group 66, a Corrections group 67 and a Documents group 68.
  • Each group represents a sample organizational hierarchy of information which may be stored and manipulated via corresponding components shown and described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • Subassemblies, Materials and Treatments groups can comprise a Selection set 71. Further, the Connections and Details groups can comprise a Compilation set 72. The Corrections group can comprise a Corrections set 73 and the Documents group can comprise a Documentation set 74. In one embodiment of the invention, the Assemblies, Subassemblies, Material, Treatments and Connections categories are built using information provided by one or more manufacturers or trade associations 56.
  • the Concept group can be designated as the 1000 group, with specific sub-group such as the "Levels” 1100, “Styles” 1200 and “Forms” 1300 sub-categories.
  • the Levels sub-group can be used to identify the level of detailing complexity envisioned for a building project, for example, while the Styles sub-group represents the style of the detailing and the Forms sub-group represents the building's basic forms.
  • Each sub-group can also be provided with its own sub- categories or divisions to ensure that all categorizations are documented and labeled.
  • the Assembly group 61 can be designated as the 2000 group, with a
  • the Subassemblies group 62 can be labeled 3000, with various sub-group headers as the "Surfaces" (labeled 3100), “Supports” (labeled 3200), “Separations” (labeled 3300), “Systems” (labeled 3400) and “Subcomponents” sub-groups (labeled 3500). As shown in Fig.
  • the Materials group 63 can be designated as the 4000 group, with an "Inorganics” sub-group labeled as 4100, an “Organics” sub-group labeled as 4200, and an “Amalgams” sub-group labeled as 4300.
  • the Treatments group 64 can be labeled 5000, with various sub-group headers as the "Cut” (labeled 5100), “Shaped” (labeled 5200), “Textured” (labeled 5300), “Modified” (labeled 5400) and "Coated” sub-groups (labeled 5500).
  • the Connections group 65 can be designated as the 6000 group, with an "Internal” subgroup labeled as 6100, an "Interruption” sub-group labeled as 6200, and a “Termination” sub-group labeled as 6300.
  • the Details group 66 can be labeled 7000, with various sub-group headers as the "Underground” (labeled 7100), “Facade” (labeled 7200), “Roof Edge” (labeled 7300), and "MidRoof” sub-groups (labeled 7400).
  • the Corrections group 67 can be designated as the 8000 group, with an "Assessment” sub-group labeled as 8100, and an “Adjustment” sub-group labeled as 8200.
  • the Documentation group 68 can be labeled 9000, with a "Drawings" sub-group labeled as 9100 and a "Specification” sub-group labeled as 9200.
  • the classification system in accordance with the present invention can also appear as shown in Table 1 below, with Level 1 representing the groups, Level 2 representing subgroups, and Level 3 representing divisions of the subgroups. As shown in Figs 2 and 3, the present invention contemplates that each division may be further subdivided into smaller elements depending upon the level of detail involved with the given division or element. It will be appreciated that the classification system in accordance with the present invention is organized using a hierarchy that corresponds specifically to the process of detail design and can be used to organize various design approaches whether from materials to concepts or from concepts to materials, for example.
  • construction elements can be identified using the particular sequential series of numerical identifiers pertaining to the element's connection type, assembly type, subassembly type, material type or treatment type, for example. It will also be appreciated that any given construction element can be marked with a bar code or other readable code corresponding to the particular sequential series of numerical identifiers that identify it for any relevant purpose, such as, for example, inventory control, linkage to installation instructions, or its location within a project. An example of this code information is shown at 245 in Fig. 18.
  • database 42 can be populated with information about each available element, and rules engine 40 can be provided with one or more programs developed to specify relationships and constraints on the elements. For example, if gypsum board interior walls are selected for a construction project, the system of the present invention, through the rules engine, could be set up to exclude truss studs as a support subassembly option since such studs work only with plaster interior walls.
  • manufacturers 56 can submit element information which is appropriately tagged so as to provide performance data, recommended configurations, pricing and availability information, and other information, to the user during the selection process in accordance with the present invention.
  • the manufacturer can gain exposure to users it may not otherwise be exposed to, while the user can find out about suitable products not otherwise known, and gain more robust information about elements selected for the user's project.
  • change management component can operate to ensure that the pricing, availability and other manufacturer information is kept current.
  • the present invention provides a highly dynamic construction project detail selection system, which can allow users to build price quotes and adjust designs based on price and other factors.
  • the present invention further offers manufacturers an opportunity to display advertising and other marketing materials in connection with available selection options.
  • the manufacturer user can, for example, download data formatting information appropriate to its particular tag from the system of the present invention, so as to be able to appropriately format the manufacturer's element information. Once this is done, the manufacturer can upload the tagged element information and the system of the present invention can then incorporate it into database 42. Once incorporated, the tagged element information can be readily accessed during use of the present invention, and alternative choices with respect to a particular element can be readily viewed and considered.
  • the system of the present invention can assist users of various experience levels.
  • the system provides a unique process flow depending upon whether the user is knowledgeable enough to make all selections without assistance, whether the user can make selections but needs performance confirmation, or whether the user desires or requires that the system of the present invention make selections based on required levels of performance, and also confirm achieved performance for the user.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flow chart illustrating how, for a highly experienced user A, the present invention operates to determine a building design output.
  • a highly experienced user A is knowledgeable enough to make all selections without selection assistance from the present invention.
  • the present invention initially receives and/or collects basic user and project information.
  • Such basic data can include, for example, Project Name, Zip Code, Jurisdiction, Status (new or renovation), Size, Fire Suppression, Street Frontage, and Program (occupancy type or use group).
  • the present invention can also determine and/or inquire of the user as to the user's preferred focus at this step, such as whether that focus is generic (element- based) or proprietary (product-based).
  • a generic or element-based focus proceeds based on elements, such as, for example, styles, forms, assemblies, subassemblies, materials, and treatments.
  • a proprietary or product-based focus proceeds according to user-selected products, such as, for example, "Armstrong foil-faced R- 19 fiberglass batts".
  • the present invention can also receive/collect the user's designation of project areas, which can be subsets within the project that share a common set of elements (e.g., styles, forms, assemblies, subassemblies, materials, and treatments), and therefore a common set of details and specifications. Some projects may have only one such area, while others may have a few or even many such areas.
  • users can input a name for each area and provide a brief description of what makes it distinctive. Any such names can then be used in subsequent user interfaces to identify the area of the project currently being processed.
  • the present invention can further receive/collect a user's complete list of needed details (e.g.: parapets or eaves) based on the basic configuration of the design in each project area.
  • the users can simply pick detail types from an offered list in a drop-down menu on a user interface, for example.
  • the present invention can access database 42 or an external information source (not shown in Fig. 1) to look up applicable building codes, for example. With knowledge of applicable building codes, the present invention can further assist in determining available options for a given project design. From the inputted Size (area and height), Fire Suppression, and Street Frontage, the present invention can suggest possible Construction Classifications for selection by the user.
  • the present invention can look up applicable provisions in applicable Building Codes, use them to narrow the range of qualified elements (e.g., assemblies, materials, etc.), and display only qualified elements in subsequent screens. Again, such a lookup can take place in database 42 to the extent database has been appropriately updated, such as through input from user 58 or through a direct connection to an external resource for such codes and provisions. It will be appreciated that any connection to an external resource can be accompanied by suitable programming to collect updates via upload/download at certain periodic times and dates, or upon receiving notification that any such updates are available, in accordance with procedures as are known in the art.
  • the present invention Upon a User type A selecting Focus G (generic), the present invention then receives the user selected elements at step 82.
  • the invention asks the user to choose element sets for each indicated area, including choices for Forms, Styles, Assemblies, Subassemblies, Materials, and Treatments.
  • users in order to continue with this sequence, users must specify all elements at all levels, and those who do not can be directed to the User C approach described hereinafter, where the present invention can suggest choices for the missing elements. All selections made are saved for use in ensuing steps.
  • the present invention can then search the products database (e.g., as part of database 42) to find products whose performance fulfills the requested criteria, as at step 84. Found products can be listed and ranked in order of closeness of match.
  • the user can determine how many suggestions he or she wants presented.
  • the user can be asked to identify products to be used from those suggested. If any are accepted, generic data can be replaced with appropriate proprietary data.
  • generic data can be replaced with appropriate proprietary data.
  • the present invention will proceed using generic information.
  • a User type A selecting Focus P would follow the procedure listed for Figure 7 or 8, as described hereinafter.
  • the present invention can proceed to build the detail, and a sample detail portion 95 is shown in Fig. 9. This involves first compiling subassemblies and products into assemblies. In doing so, the present invention can search the database for the CAD drawing files, for example, that correspond to the selected subassemblies or products. In one embodiment, the search can be conducted using imbedded attributes that match the performance criteria categories and listings to the alternative elements.
  • the present invention can also format all drawings in the database in a standard way, such as by appropriate programming, for example, to make each drawing interchangeable with all other drawings showing subassemblies or products of the same type.
  • This can involve drawing each with a standard element thickness, ready to be stretched to the specific thickness needed.
  • This can further involve drawing each for a standard set of conditions, so that each drawing is actually a series of drawings depicting internal conditions such as straight and curved runs and inside and outside corners, termination conditions such as copings, casings, fascias, eaves, sills, heads, and jambs, and interruption conditions such as joints (shrinkage, knockout, expansion, and geotech), penetrations, and transfers (vertical and horizontal), for example.
  • each series of drawings can be adjusted so that the thickness between faces corresponds to the subassembly thickness selected. This can be accomplished with no direct action by the user.
  • the present invention can further gather the individual files for all of the subassemblies that constitute a single assembly, and align the individual thickness-adjusted subassembly drawings using their corresponding insertion points to create a series of assembly drawings for each of the specific conditions described above. Next, the invention can save the compiled set of drawings as a new file representing the selected assembly.
  • the present invention can further compile Assemblies into Connections.
  • Each of the details previously identified by a user as being needed is composed of a series of connections.
  • the present invention provides a system that knows which connections are needed to make each of those details, which enables further processing as described hereafter.
  • the present invention can gather all of the individual files that contain drawings of the assembly conditions needed for one of the connections.
  • the present invention can then merge the assembly condition drawings into a single connection drawing using insertion points standardized to correspond to insertion points in a range of alternative adjacent construction elements.
  • the present invention can further show compiled connections to the user. If several options meet a similar number of performance criteria, all options can be shown. The user can then be asked to select an option. If all proposed connections are rejected, the user can be brought back in the process to make different selections.
  • the present invention can further compile connections into details. Since the present invention can deduce the needed connections from the requested details, going back from connections to details requires only re-assembly. As such, the present invention can gather all of the individual files that contain drawings of the connections needed for one of the details, and merge the connection drawings into a single detail drawing using standard insertion points. Then, the present invention can show the compiled details to the user, and ask the user to accept the proposed detail. If it is rejected, the user can be taken back in the process to make different selections.
  • the present invention can produce output, such as through output component 36 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the output comprises compiling the element specifications into a comprehensive specification.
  • the present invention can search the database for the specifications files that correspond to the selected subassemblies or products.
  • specifications for different elements or products can be interleafed and compiled into a single specifications section as sections are defined by MasterFormat ® or Uniformatll ® .
  • all text can be formatted using CSI SectionFormatTM standards and conventions.
  • drawings and specifications for all areas have been created, the user can then be queried for his or her desired output format.
  • the user can request that the drawings and specifications be outputted to the user's computer (e.g., 50, 52, 54 in Fig. 1) in .doc, .rtf, .txt, .dwg, .dxf, .xls, or any number of other standard computer file formats.
  • the user can then compile the drawings and specifications into a single set of drawings and a single specification book.
  • the user can allow the present invention to manipulate the output.
  • the present invention can arrange the drawings into sheets guided by the National CAD Standard and arranged by areas where appropriate and produce a new compiled set.
  • the present invention can compile the individual specifications sections by DetaiLogicTM, MasterFormat ® or Uniformatll ® number into a complete specifications book.
  • Fig. 5 shows a process in accordance with the present invention for a user type
  • user input project data can be received as at step 90 following substantially the same procedure described above in connection with step 80 for user A.
  • the present invention can receive user B's list of performance categories, identifying performance criteria for each category that they feel may be germane.
  • the present invention can ask the user to repeat the process for as many elements as the user cares to establish.
  • the user can be asked for and can submit: the relative priority of each category of performance, a qualitative range of performance required, and a quantitative range of performance required.
  • the quantitative range of performance required can include a quantity, a unit of measure, and/or a standard test for measuring performance, such as for example, the test designation, test publisher and test version.
  • a standard test for measuring performance such as for example, the test designation, test publisher and test version.
  • the system of the present invention can ask the user to choose element sets for each designated Area as at step 94, including choices for Forms, Styles, Assemblies, Subassemblies, Materials, and Treatments, for example.
  • element sets for each designated Area as at step 94, including choices for Forms, Styles, Assemblies, Subassemblies, Materials, and Treatments, for example.
  • Users must specify all elements at all levels. Those who do not can be directed to the User C approach as described below, and the system of the present invention will suggest choices for any missing elements. Under such a scenario, Users can choose any number of elements, in any order, and leave blanks for any for which they would like suggestions from the present invention. All selections made can be saved for use in ensuing steps.
  • the present invention can compile performance data for each of the chosen element sets. For example, for all of the subassemblies in a given assembly, the present invention can add the R-values, the dollar costs, the weight, the STC rating, the fire-resistance rating, etc. Where a user requests values for assemblies as a whole, the present invention can tabulate such values along with the totaled values on the constituent subassemblies to be able to report any discrepancies.
  • the present invention can show results of the performance compilation to the user, noting discrepancies between what was requested and what will likely be achieved, and ask for confirmation of the assessment as at step 100.
  • the user can either revise the performance criteria requested as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5, or select a different combination of elements as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 5.
  • the system of the present invention can continue to select products as at step 102.
  • the present invention can search the products database to find products whose performance fulfills the requested criteria.
  • the search is complete, the products can be listed for the user and ranked in order of closeness of match. The user can determine how many suggestions he or she wants presented.
  • the user can be asked to identify products to be used from those suggested. If any are accepted, generic data can be replaced with appropriate proprietary data. In one embodiment of the invention, where no product is selected for a particular element or group of elements, the present invention will proceed using generic information.
  • the steps of building the detail (step 104) and providing the output (step 106) can proceed as described above in connection with user type A.
  • Fig. 6 shows a process in accordance with the present invention for a user type C, which can be a user who desires or requires that the system of the present invention make selections and confirm performance.
  • user input project data can be received as at step 110 following substantially the same procedure described above in connection with steps 80 and 90 for users A and B, respectively.
  • steps 112 (receive performance criteria) and 114 (recommend elements) follow substantially the same procedure as described above in connection with user type B in steps 92 and 94, respectively, of Fig. 5.
  • the user is asked if the selected element(s) are acceptable. If not, the procedure can return to step 112 to revise performance criteria.
  • step 122 the procedure can advance to step 118, where performance data are compiled, and step 120, where performance assessment is outputted.
  • step 122 the user is asked to confirm the assessment. If rejected, the user can either revise the performance criteria requested as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 6, or ask for a different combination of elements as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 6. If accepted, the system of the present invention can continue to select products as at step 102. In this step, the present invention can search the products database to find products whose performance fulfills the requested criteria. When the search is complete, the products can be listed for the user and ranked in order of closeness of match. The user can determine how many suggestions he or she wants presented.
  • the user can be asked to identify products to be used from those suggested. If any are accepted, generic data can be replaced with appropriate proprietary data. In one embodiment of the invention, where no product is selected for a particular element or group of elements, the present invention will proceed using generic information.
  • the steps of building the detail (step 104) and providing the output (step 106) can proceed as described above in connection with user type A.
  • system of the present invention allows a user type C to choose any number of elements, in any order, and leave blanks for any for which he or she like suggestions from the system of the present invention.
  • the invention can operate to receive user input project data at step 130 substantially as described above.
  • the system of the present invention can allow a user to choose product sets for each Area and for each Subassembly within each area.
  • Users must specify all products.
  • the present invention can ask Users to identify specific Assembly and Subassembly applications for each of the selected products. For example, a user might pick "Armstrong foil-faced R- 19 fiberglass batts" and then identify it as applying to the thermal separation subassembly and to both enclosing wall and soffit assemblies. Any products that have been selected are saved as at step 134 along with corresponding elements for use in ensuing steps.
  • the selected elements can then be shown to the user for confirmation as at step 136. If the user does not approve the selected elements, the present invention can return the user to step 134. If the user approves the selected elements, the present invention can proceed to build the detail as at step 138 and provide the output as at step 140.
  • the present invention can operate so as not to provide a product-focus option.
  • the present invention can operate as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the present invention can operate as at step 150 to receive user input project data as described above.
  • the system can receive and store the user's performance criteria.
  • the system of the present invention can receive the user's selection of products.
  • the present invention can record the elements corresponding to the user's selection of products.
  • the system checks with the user to see if the recorded elements are acceptable. If not, the present invention returns to record the corresponding elements step 156.
  • the present invention proceeds to assess the performance against the stated criteria, as at step 160.
  • the performance assessment is outputted as at step 162, and proposed to the user at step 164 for confirmation. If the user does not confirm the assessment, the present invention can return the user to revise the performance criteria as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 8, or the present invention can return the user to change the selection of products, as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 8. If the user confirms the assessment, the present invention proceeds to build the detail at step 166 and provide the output as at step 168.
  • the present invention can be provided with a determination engine to determine a user's type upon that user accessing the system of the present invention. In one embodiment of the invention, such a determination engine can operate in accordance with a question/answer format so as to make a determination of user type based on an interview through an interactive dialogue with the user.
  • users of the present invention can check their progress by consulting a chart of assemblies on which the present invention can indicate that specific subassemblies or products have been selected. By clicking on each indicator, for example, a user can display a thumbnail graphic of the associated subassembly or product. Progress can be gauged by noting the percentage of needed subassemblies or products that have been selected, for example.
  • the system of the present invention can store hundreds of generic data sheets that provide information to guide users in making selections between alternative elements, including styles, forms, assemblies, subassemblies, materials, treatments, connections, and details. Context-sensitive help files can also be provided by the present invention for quick reference by users of the present invention. Examples
  • Design user types such as experienced design users such as architects, engineers, and interior designers, who do not seek independent confirmation of the elements they have chosen;
  • Design user types such as experienced design users who nonetheless want to check that the performance levels likely to be achieved by the elements they have chosen meet or exceed the levels of performance they want;
  • Design user types such as inexperienced design users such as architects, engineers, and interior designers working with a new project type, or such as interns and students, either of whom may not know enough about the available element choices to choose them but who can identify the performance levels they want the elements to achieve when such performance levels are presented to them in a list;
  • Construction user types such as builders and construction managers who want to use the list of elements prepared by design users as a starting point for purchasing construction products, or who want to investigate substitution of other element selections for those selected by design users;
  • Operations user types such as property managers who want to use the project database to order replacement products or maintenance materials or who want to get further information from the manufacturers of products used in their project;
  • Data providers such as a product team.
  • Data provider types can be, for example manufacturers, distributors, and trade associations, who deliver either generic or proprietary information about their products to those who specify those products, detail with them, buy them, build with them, or maintain them, assisted by the present invention, or who are interested in receiving information about the usage patterns by the other user types of products in the database.
  • data providers can provide product marketing information for display to data users during use of the present invention.
  • Data provider types submit information to populate the database of elements contained in the present invention. They can download templates from the database of the present invention to use in creating and formatting their data prior to submittal. Such data providers can also submit data including detail drawings, specifications and performance levels for inclusion in the database. An example interface 200 for such users is shown in Fig. 10.
  • the data could be stored on the data provider's server and accessed by the invention via Internet hyperlinks, for example. Alternatively, the data can be uplinked to a server installed as part of the system of the present invention, whereupon the server can store the data. The stored data can then be made available to data users using the system of the present invention. Data providers can also be provided with the ability to revise stored data at any time as the products being described are revised. In one embodiment of the present invention, the stored data can be audited periodically to ensure its quality and accuracy.
  • the following are provided as illustrative examples of use of the present invention, whereby data users are those who apply information contributed by data providers to a specific construction project.
  • the first time a user uses the present invention for a particular project he or she may be prompted via the detail engine 11 to input basic identifying information on the project such as, for example, its project number, name, location, and project team members. Returning users simply identify one of these factors, enter a password, and continue their work with the invention on a given project.
  • the detail engine 11 of the present invention takes users other than data providers through a series of screens that ask them to select construction elements such as those in Figs. 11 through 17, for example, either on their own or by agreeing to recommended selections made by the detail engine 11 in fulfillment of performance levels requested by the user.
  • an experienced user can generate detail drawings and specifications simply by selecting elements from a list provided by the detail engine 11.
  • the process can start, for example, with the user identifying areas within the project that share a common set of subassemblies because they share a common set of performance characteristics. These areas can be taken from a group of areas defined by the user or pre-defined by the detail engine 11, for example.
  • public spaces such as lobbies might be exposed to a lot of wear and intended for more luxurious finishes, so such areas might be identified as constituting Area 1.
  • Area 2 might be established to meet the needs of rest rooms: surfaces that are easily cleaned, with low permeability, and high slip-resistance.
  • An example interface 205 for materials selection(s) is shown in Fig. 11.
  • An example interface 210 for assembly selection(s) is shown in Fig. 12.
  • An example interface 215 for sub- assembly selection(s) is shown in Fig. 13.
  • An example interface 220 for connection selection(s) is shown in Fig. 14.
  • An example interface 225 for treatment selection(s) is shown in Fig. 15.
  • Subassemblies can be chosen for the surface subassemblies on each side of the assembly, for the support subassemblies that stabilize and connect the other subassemblies, and for the separation subassemblies that prevent leaks and minimize energy transfer, for example.
  • the same user might also choose system subassemblies for the ducts, pipes, and wires that constitute the assembly's infrastructure, or they could be selected by another user. This might be the case where an architect and mechanical engineer share the task of detail design, for example.
  • the identity of the user who makes each selection is stored for later reference.
  • the user has the option of selecting either generic or proprietary elements. Where proprietary elements are selected, the invention retrieves data prepared by the manufacturer of the requested product. Where generic elements are selected, the present invention can retrieve data prepared either internally or by the trade association that represents multiple manufacturers of the requested product type, for example. In one embodiment, the present invention can use generic element data as provided from the book "The Cuisine of Construction" referenced earlier herein. Such data, whether proprietary or generic, can be received by the detail engine 11 from users 56 and stored in database 42.
  • a user might decide to leave options open by making generic selections. For one area, therefore, this user might decide that the best combination of surface subassemblies for a particular enclosing vertical assembly (exterior wall) is an exterior surface subassembly of tied units (masonry units and mortar) and an interior surface subassembly of filled panels (gypsum board, joint compound, and tape).
  • the detail engine 11 and its components allow the user to get much more specific such as by, for example, identifying the tied masonry units in the exterior surface subassembly as uncored, velour-face, tumbled, standard modular units.
  • the user can make a proprietary selection, choosing an exterior surface subassembly, for example, of Colonial Series, Patriot Red by Acme Brick of Lehigh, PA.
  • an exterior surface subassembly for example, of Colonial Series, Patriot Red by Acme Brick of Lehigh, PA.
  • the user might select, for the support subassemblies needed to hold the surface subassemblies, a masonry continuous planar support (concrete block mortar, and reinforcement).
  • the user might choose to attach the planar support subassembly to the surface subassemblies with an interlocked connector supports (masonry tie) on the exterior and with penetrated connector supports (screws) on the interior. Similar selections would be made for other subassemblies such as convective insulation and waterproofing.
  • the user can be prompted by the materials component 28 of the detail engine 11 of the present invention to select materials from which to make each subassembly.
  • materials that might include clay vitrified inorganic materials (brick) for the exterior surface subassembly, and iron alloy smelted inorganic materials (steel) for the exterior-side connector subassembly.
  • the detail engine can streamline the potentially exhausting process of selecting so many elements for so many areas by raising to the top of the selection list options for each element that are most commonly used in conjunction with those selections that were already made.
  • the present invention can also store selection statistics and separately provide those statistics to outside entities, such as manufacturers, for their use in determining what products to focus on for marketing, for example.
  • the present invention can provide an opportunity at this point for the user to identify acceptable proprietary elements. If proprietary selections are made, and if preferred by the user, the invention can retrieve data for the proprietary selections for subsequent parts of the process. As selections are made, the present invention can, in one aspect, post them to an elements matrix. Separate matrices are maintained for each of the Areas identified by the user at the beginning of the process. Each elements matrix has a place for each subassembly needed to complete each assembly. At any time, the user can consult the elements matrices for any of the areas to see which selections have been made and which remain to be made. Selections are identified by a verbal and numeric tag, and serve as hyperlinks to further information on the selection including educational materials.
  • the detail engine compares their attributes, notifying the user when potentially incompatible selections are made.
  • the user identifies the particular detail types needed. For example, the wall and roof could meet at a parapet, an eave, or a gravel stop, and the system of the present invention needs to know which of the three is being used on the user's project.
  • the user's preliminary work is done and the detail component 34 of the detail engine takes over. It starts by retrieving the associated drawing and text files from database 42 and compiles them into detail drawings and specifications, using an insertion, alignment, and stretch process for drawings as described herein, and an interleaving process for specifications. It retrieves them by searching a database of proprietary information provided by manufacturers and generic information provided by trade associations, using numeric designators to find them, for example.
  • the output component 36 assembles such a report by totaling the individual attributes of the subassemblies and materials to arrive at performance prediction for the assembly as a whole.
  • This report includes information to guide long-term maintenance and repairs, information that is critical to property management and operations.
  • connection component 32 to compile the assemblies into connections, and the connections into the details previously requested by the user. This step is needed primarily for the drawings only, but could have some effect on the specifications depending on the selections made.
  • the user can take the compiled drawings and specifications outside the invention and continue to customize them before releasing them for building permit, bid, or construction, for example. This is in recognition that some degree of customization will be needed for most drawings and specifications prepared by the detail engine.
  • the user identifies to the invention the desired formats for the output. For example, a user who draws with AutoCAD software can request that the details be formatted as .dwg files. The user can then offload the details and customize them manually to fit the specific design needs of the project before printing them as a set of drawings.
  • the user can also take performance and operations reports outside the detail engine to use as needed. To take any information outside the detail engine, the user need only indicate the preferred format of the outputted file.
  • the output component also has the capacity to organize the individual details into individual pages to form a set of hard copy documents using the National CAD Standard or any other standard format as a guide, for example.
  • an experienced user can generate detail drawings and specifications as noted above, but in addition, ask the invention to evaluate the likely performance of the requested combinations against the levels of performance intended.
  • Intended levels of performance can be established early in the process such as, for example, through interfaces 230 and 235 shown in Figs. 16 and 17, respectively.
  • the primary step added to the process for such a user is the step of identifying the intended levels of performance for each subassembly, material and/or treatment selected.
  • the performance report can list not only the levels of performance achieved, but notes their variance from what was intended, highlighting areas where the achieved performance fails to meet the intended levels.
  • a user can simply go back to alter either the selected elements or the requested levels of performance via the corrections component, for example.
  • an inexperienced user including an intern or student, would not be required to select subassemblies or materials, but would instead identify areas as other users would, and then, when prompted to do so, simply identify the intended levels of performance for each needed subassembly and material.
  • the present invention would, in response, search its database for elements that fulfill the requested levels of performance and are compatible with each other.
  • Several elements would be proposed by the invention for each one needed, ranked by the degree to which they fulfill the selected performance levels. Users who provide more specific criteria are presented with fewer choices. Through this process, a user need not previously know of the existence of a particular element or product to end up using it in a design.
  • All proposed elements are displayed in the elements matrices for each area to which they apply, and listed in the performance reports. For each element needed, the user would select one from the potential choices identified by the invention, reviewing the performance report for guidance if needed. Where a user wishes to leave the selection somewhat vague, perhaps to be decided later by the builder, a user may do so. In that case, the user would select an element heading as presented by the invention rather than a more specific element. Once all needed elements are selected, the invention proceeds to compile drawings and specifications as it would for more experienced users.
  • any user can use the detail engine 11 of the present invention to test alternative scenarios in "what if '-type scenarios.
  • a user can change one of the listed performance criteria, whereupon the detail engine repeats the search process, proposing a different set of elements in response.
  • This form of use is very helpful to users who need to identify potential substitutions or determine how to respond to changes in code, budget, schedule, structural needs, or other factors.
  • any user can use the present invention to test the effect of any given substitution of elements on the performance criteria by reselecting elements and requesting a revised performance report. This aspect holds the prospect of greatly improving the reliability of the current construction industry substitutions process.
  • a user can place orders for construction products through hyperlinks within the invention to the websites of product manufacturers and distributors.
  • the detail engine compiles use data, recording which products are selected most frequently and tracking product orders.
  • the database it generates can be analyzed to discern trends in various product markets.
  • the system of the present invention gives users the option of establishing standards for their own work.
  • a user can establish, for example, that light gauge metal support subassemblies are incompatible with masonry surface subassemblies, even though that combination may not generally be seen as incompatible by the invention, for example.
  • a user can also save particular combinations of elements to be used again for other projects, in essence creating the user's own library of standard construction designs.
  • a user can further use the detail engine to establish an alternate set of line weights, poche patterns, or other characteristics to replace the defaults used by the invention.
  • Such information can include, for example, (a) reasons for selecting and reasons for rejecting; (b) compatibility issues; (c) basics (characteristics; types; components; processes; applicable code provisions; manufacturing, installation, and testing standards; industry websites) (d) constituent elements (attachment issues, permeability issues related to water, air, fire, and transmission issues related to energy, vapor, and sound) and (e) performance (minimums, maximums, tolerances, or ranges are given as appropriate).
  • the detail engine can further include templates for use by those preparing data.
  • These templates can include standards for detail drawings, for specifications, and for performance criteria, for example. Data is formatted in such a way that it is interchangeable so that one selection can easily be substituted for another and so as to enable the compilation of aggregate performance levels achieved by the individual materials and subassemblies that constitute an assembly or detail.
  • the template for drawings standardizes insertion point types and locations, line weights (which can be changed later by users), element thicknesses, and other characteristics.
  • the invention can translate data to enable importing and exporting data that are organized by existing taxonomies such as MasterFormat and the OCCS, or UniFormat II, through the use of mapping tables that correlate the classes found in the classification systems of the invention to classes found in other classification systems.
  • a user can be offered the opportunity to change any number of performance criteria, elements, and/or products, and then resubmit the new combination to the search process.
  • an acceptable new combination is proposed by the system of the present invention, in compliance with the revised list of performance criteria, elements, and/or products, it can be sent through the final processes as discussed above.
  • data from external sources such as trade associations and manufacturers can be accepted for performance criteria, drawings, and specifications if it conforms with the present invention's formatting guidelines, and is labeled with numeric tags that either link the data with a network associated with the present invention or enable it to be recognized by network search engines looking for data tagged with such numbers.
  • Suitable programming means include any means for directing a computer system to execute the steps of the system and method of the invention, including for example, systems comprised of processing units and arithmetic-logic circuits coupled to computer memory, which systems have the capability of storing in computer memory, which computer memory includes electronic circuits configured to store data and program instructions, programmed steps of the method of the invention for execution by a processing unit.
  • the invention also may be embodied in a computer program product, such as a diskette or other recording medium, for use with any suitable data processing system.
  • the present invention can further run on a variety of platforms, including Microsoft WindowsTM, LinuxTM, Sun SolarisTM, HP/UXTM, IBM AIXTM and Java compliant platforms, for example.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de classification complet organisant tous les éléments potentiellement utilisés dans l'étude de projets de construction en vue d'assister les décideurs dans la recherche de pré-conception et les décisions de sélection, d'intégration, d'évaluation et de personnalisation ayant trait aux projets de construction. Le présent système procure en outre un mécanisme d'examen et d'approbation des éléments utilisés dans un projet donné dans une gamme de variantes d'éléments potentiels. Il procure en outre un mécanisme d'évaluation de la performance cumulée de la construction réalisée avec les éléments approuvés. Il permet, par ailleurs, la compilation de données graphiques, textuelles et numériques décrivant les éléments sélectionnés dans des détails de construction intégrés, des spécifications, des audits d'utilisation d'énergie, des estimations de coût, et d'autres formes analogues de documentation de construction. Il fournit en outre un mécanisme pour le suivi d'éléments de construction spécifiques dans une entreprise, un magasin, en transit ou sur un site de construction, par exemple, et les reliant à une information qui les décrit.
PCT/US2006/004171 2005-02-07 2006-02-06 Procede et systeme pour la construction, la conception et la gestion d'elements de construction WO2006086332A2 (fr)

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