WO2006075030A2 - Biosensor for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (bod) by respirometry - Google Patents

Biosensor for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (bod) by respirometry Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006075030A2
WO2006075030A2 PCT/EP2006/050235 EP2006050235W WO2006075030A2 WO 2006075030 A2 WO2006075030 A2 WO 2006075030A2 EP 2006050235 W EP2006050235 W EP 2006050235W WO 2006075030 A2 WO2006075030 A2 WO 2006075030A2
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Prior art keywords
biosensor
respirometry
capsules
measurement system
water
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PCT/EP2006/050235
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French (fr)
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WO2006075030A3 (en
Inventor
Manuel Eduardo Young Anze
César Raúl GALINDO URRA
Erika Mabel VALDÉS CARRIÓN
Alejandro Mario SUÁREZ SOTOMAYOR
Fernando Antonio Albornoz Marquez
Cristian Andrés ACEVEDO GUTIÉRREZ
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
Barlocci Pennati, Anna
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Priority to US11/814,000 priority Critical patent/US20080199902A1/en
Publication of WO2006075030A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006075030A2/en
Publication of WO2006075030A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006075030A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/04—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/1806—Biological oxygen demand [BOD] or chemical oxygen demand [COD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/186—Water using one or more living organisms, e.g. a fish
    • G01N33/1866—Water using one or more living organisms, e.g. a fish using microorganisms

Definitions

  • the present invention is related with the environmental characterization of liquid residue, as much as what refers to control and monitoring activities, as of treatment, more specifically with a biosensor for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by respirometry.
  • BOD biochemical oxygen demand
  • the BOD is an important index for the organic pollution monitoring in liquids, therefore, is an indirect measure of the amount of organic material in liquids, in general and in water in particular , that can be biologically degraded by microorganism , since the dissolved oxygen get consumed during the degradation biochemical process of the organic material , then the said oxygen quantity can be expressed in equivalent form in terms of the quantity of required oxygen (respirometry), thus, the BOD is capable of identify in a quantitative way the degradable charge existing in residual water or in a body receptor.
  • the biosensor consists on a combination of a transducer and a biological element, for example as microorganism and oxygen electrodes (see fig. 1).
  • the on-line measurement systems consist basically in an unity (membrane or bioreactor), populated of microorganism (that can be specific of the liquid to be monitored) in which a continuous flow is maintained through a recirculating pump, being feed by peristaltical pumps that load the residual liquid simultaneously other pump saturates of oxygen the monitoring liquid (recipient fixed to the equipment or system), and a probe for the measurement of dissolved oxygen. This measurement can be made with different configurations.
  • respirometric activity register of the microorganisms in a reactor is used, which are extracted in a little quantity (aliquot) from a chemostat.
  • STIP ISCO GmbH has a biosensor named biox 1010, for the measurement of the content of BOD and toxicity in an automatic form waters of different origin.
  • the method used is respirometric, based on a microbial culture coming from the water to be monitored that gradually deposits over insoluble supports inside the reactor (EP 0369490), whose composition, concentration and activity are constant. It metabolizes the organic matter of the samples such that consumed oxygen for it oxidation allows to know the BOD and toxicity values.
  • the apparatus and method previously described have the difficult of containing a limited quantity of biomass that reduces the range of measurement to waters with low BOD. Is the case of those that use membranes supported over the oxygen sensor. On the other hand those based on microorganism supported over insoluble material, must be generated in situ over the base of the bacteria present in the liquid to be monitored making impossible design the microbiological load of the reactor and requiring priming time of many days that must be repeated every time that the bio film get deteriorated because of use or toxicity.
  • Figure 1 shows a general scheme of the constitutive parts of biosensors.
  • FIG 2 shows the diagram of the system that measure BOD using the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the Cartridge type removable bioreactor (BTC) of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a typical respirometric curve, indicating the distinct zones of respirometric activity.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of a calibration BOD obtained in the laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using a standard solution.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of a calibration BOD obtained in the laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using an effluent (RIL) solution coming from an industry.
  • the present invention provides a system that operates like a biosensor, for the fast measurement of DBO, where the apparatus used as respirometric element is a cartridge type removable and disposable bioreactor (BTC)(I), in which the biomass is encapsulated in a polymeric organic matrix suspended in a support solution which, in the preferred modality is calcium chloride.
  • BTC cartridge type removable and disposable bioreactor
  • the BTC (1) has in every moment an inlet (40) and outlet (41) of support liquid, that comes from a recipient (2) that stores this support liquid.
  • the circulating pump (4) maintains a constant flow, that is to say, the input and output flow are equal, while the liquid volume is constant inside of the BTC on every moment.
  • the output support liquid is discarded, and can go to the drainage or other outlet (6), also has on every moment an air flow intake (50), that after bubbling discharges to the atmosphere (51).
  • a sample which is obtained from an aliquot of the canals, rivers or lakes (RILES) (7), inside the BTC (1) trough a second inlet (70).
  • the injected sample is pulse type (the whole sample is injected at a time).
  • the BTC Before injecting the sample, the BTC is acquiring data from the dissolved oxygen sensor (200) to an acquiring data equipment, inside zone 1 (see figure 4), configuring a first base line.
  • the dissolved oxygen data begins to drop down , because of the injection of the sample coming from RIL (7) , which marks the beginning of zone 2 denominate dissolved oxygen consumption zone. Then the dissolved oxygen begins to rise, which marks the beginning of zone 3 denominated dissolved oxygen recuperating zone. After a few minutes, the dissolved oxygen data get stabilized which indicates that a new base line is established, zone 4, in this way the BTC is ready for monitoring another sample to be injected.
  • the dissolved Oxygen consumption and recovery zones data are selected, that is to say zones 2 and 3, where they are numerically integrated to obtain a first area under the curve (A 1 ).
  • Zones 1 and 4 are worked with the data of the respective base lines. An interpolation is done creating a theoretical base line corresponding to the dissolved oxygen consumption zone (zone 2) and the dissolved oxygen recovery zone (zone 3). The theoretical base line is integrated with which a second area under the curve is obtained (A 2 ).
  • Respirometric area mL A 2 -A 1
  • the evaluation of BOD can be done of different forms, one way is comparing the Respirometric Area ML versus the respirometric area of Standard or known values of DBO measured previously.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of a BOD calibration obtained on laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using a liquid standard solution. The data is on table 1.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the method for measuring BOD on real RILES samples coming from a beverage industry; data is shown on table 2.
  • the cartridge type bioreactor (BTC) has an immobilized quantity of biomass on capsules (100), which was previously generated, that means, we have a preexistent biomass quantity that can be adjusted to the capsule (100), the capsule size (100) is also adjustable within certain limits, while the capsules number is also adjustable to the BTC size (1). All this indicates that the operation characteristics of the removable and disposable BTC (1) can be adjusted to the user requirements.
  • the BTC priming or activating time is less than the commercial alternatives available today, this prime or activating time goes from 4 hours to 1 day.
  • the BTC (1) is constructed from a cartridge of inert material with adapters for: inlet for feeding the support solution (40), outlet of liquid (41), measurement sample inlet (70), air inlet (50), air outlet (51), dissolved oxygen sensor (200) that in a preferred modality is removable. Additionally contains the capsules suspended on storing liquid or in support liquid when is in operation.
  • the capsule forming solution consist on 1% sodium alginate where a population of bacteria Enterobacter sakasakii was introduced and previously homogenized and formerly isolated from residual water until reaching to a microbial concentration of 0.5 grams dry biomass /liter of capsule. This solution was dropped from the capsule device to a hardening solution of calcium chloride, 0.05 molar, generating capsules on the order of 1 millimeter diameter.
  • the capsules were stored cold on trypticase soy (TSY) solution diluted on calcium chloride 0.05 molar solution.

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Abstract

A removable cartridge that contains an adjustable number of capsules inside of which there are adjustable masses of immobilized microorganisms, allowing the design of a simple apparatus and the use of a reactor with less priming times. Reactors of this type can be stored in cold allowing the replacement of the operating reactor easily.

Description

BIOSENSOR FOR DETERMINING THE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) BY RESPIROMETRY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related with the environmental characterization of liquid residue, as much as what refers to control and monitoring activities, as of treatment, more specifically with a biosensor for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by respirometry.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The BOD is an important index for the organic pollution monitoring in liquids, therefore, is an indirect measure of the amount of organic material in liquids, in general and in water in particular , that can be biologically degraded by microorganism , since the dissolved oxygen get consumed during the degradation biochemical process of the organic material , then the said oxygen quantity can be expressed in equivalent form in terms of the quantity of required oxygen (respirometry), thus, the BOD is capable of identify in a quantitative way the degradable charge existing in residual water or in a body receptor.
Depending on temperature conditions, other nutrients availability and absence of inhibitors, the whole degradation process takes normally about 20 days. As a partial analytic measure, but statistically representative of the organic charge of a liquid residue, a conventional method denominated BOD5 has been used that consist in incubating the sample for 5 days at 200C, However this is a method that although is normalized, it is complicated and above all it duration of 5 days for quantifying the BOD does not allows to take opportune and efficient operational actions.
Consequently with the former, different types of biosensors have been developed based on respirometry and also associated methods that allows to know the BOD in situ and on real time , and obtain this measurement in a simple and fast form (in the order of minutes).
The biosensor consists on a combination of a transducer and a biological element, for example as microorganism and oxygen electrodes (see fig. 1). The on-line measurement systems consist basically in an unity (membrane or bioreactor), populated of microorganism (that can be specific of the liquid to be monitored) in which a continuous flow is maintained through a recirculating pump, being feed by peristaltical pumps that load the residual liquid simultaneously other pump saturates of oxygen the monitoring liquid (recipient fixed to the equipment or system), and a probe for the measurement of dissolved oxygen. This measurement can be made with different configurations.
By example immobilized microorganism on polyacrylamide gel and a oxygen electrode are used ("A rapid method for estimation of BOD by using Microbial Cells", Isao Karube and els., Biotechnology and Bioengineering VoI XIX , p.1535-1547, 1977).
Also the respirometric activity register of the microorganisms in a reactor is used, which are extracted in a little quantity (aliquot) from a chemostat.
STIP ISCO GmbH has a biosensor named biox 1010, for the measurement of the content of BOD and toxicity in an automatic form waters of different origin. The method used is respirometric, based on a microbial culture coming from the water to be monitored that gradually deposits over insoluble supports inside the reactor (EP 0369490), whose composition, concentration and activity are constant. It metabolizes the organic matter of the samples such that consumed oxygen for it oxidation allows to know the BOD and toxicity values.
The apparatus and method previously described have the difficult of containing a limited quantity of biomass that reduces the range of measurement to waters with low BOD. Is the case of those that use membranes supported over the oxygen sensor. On the other hand those based on microorganism supported over insoluble material, must be generated in situ over the base of the bacteria present in the liquid to be monitored making impossible design the microbiological load of the reactor and requiring priming time of many days that must be repeated every time that the bio film get deteriorated because of use or toxicity.
In the case of apparatus based on feed from a chemostat, the operative requirements make necessary a great number of feeding pumps, empty, air, recirculation and wash generating highly complex equipment, sharing the limiting of priming time SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the actual invention this problems are approached and for giving a solution it is proposed a removable cartridge that contains an adjustable number of capsules inside of which there are adjustable masses of immobilized microorganisms, allowing the design of a simple apparatus and the use of a reactor with less prime times. Reactors of this type can be stored in cold allowing the replacement of the operating reactor easily.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 (previous art), shows a general scheme of the constitutive parts of biosensors.
Figure 2 shows the diagram of the system that measure BOD using the present invention. Figure 3 shows the Cartridge type removable bioreactor (BTC) of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows a typical respirometric curve, indicating the distinct zones of respirometric activity.
Figure 5 shows the results of a calibration BOD obtained in the laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using a standard solution.
Figure 6 shows the results of a calibration BOD obtained in the laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using an effluent (RIL) solution coming from an industry.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In this way, the present invention provides a system that operates like a biosensor, for the fast measurement of DBO, where the apparatus used as respirometric element is a cartridge type removable and disposable bioreactor (BTC)(I), in which the biomass is encapsulated in a polymeric organic matrix suspended in a support solution which, in the preferred modality is calcium chloride.
As shown in figure 2, the BTC (1) has in every moment an inlet (40) and outlet (41) of support liquid, that comes from a recipient (2) that stores this support liquid. The circulating pump (4) maintains a constant flow, that is to say, the input and output flow are equal, while the liquid volume is constant inside of the BTC on every moment. The output support liquid is discarded, and can go to the drainage or other outlet (6), also has on every moment an air flow intake (50), that after bubbling discharges to the atmosphere (51).
In order to start the measurement, it is necessary to inject a sample, which is obtained from an aliquot of the canals, rivers or lakes (RILES) (7), inside the BTC (1) trough a second inlet (70). The injected sample is pulse type (the whole sample is injected at a time).
Before injecting the sample, the BTC is acquiring data from the dissolved oxygen sensor (200) to an acquiring data equipment, inside zone 1 (see figure 4), configuring a first base line. As shown on drawing 4, and when the sample is injected , the dissolved oxygen data begins to drop down , because of the injection of the sample coming from RIL (7) , which marks the beginning of zone 2 denominate dissolved oxygen consumption zone. Then the dissolved oxygen begins to rise, which marks the beginning of zone 3 denominated dissolved oxygen recuperating zone. After a few minutes, the dissolved oxygen data get stabilized which indicates that a new base line is established, zone 4, in this way the BTC is ready for monitoring another sample to be injected.
Once the data is obtained, the dissolved Oxygen consumption and recovery zones data are selected, that is to say zones 2 and 3, where they are numerically integrated to obtain a first area under the curve (A1).
Zones 1 and 4 are worked with the data of the respective base lines. An interpolation is done creating a theoretical base line corresponding to the dissolved oxygen consumption zone (zone 2) and the dissolved oxygen recovery zone (zone 3). The theoretical base line is integrated with which a second area under the curve is obtained (A2).
To calculate the "Respirometric area" the resulting areas must be subtracted according to:
Respirometric areamL = A2 -A1 The evaluation of BOD, can be done of different forms, one way is comparing the Respirometric Area ML versus the respirometric area of Standard or known values of DBO measured previously.
„ -^ Respirometric areamr „
BOD = — Factor
Respirometric areaSTAmARD
Other way is comparing the Respirometric area ML versus a calibrated curve previously constructed with standard known BOD solutions.
BOD = f {Respirometric area)
Figure 5 shows the results of a BOD calibration obtained on laboratory versus the resulting respirometric area for each experiment using a liquid standard solution. The data is on table 1.
TABLE 1: BOD calibration obtained on laboratory
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure 6 illustrates the method for measuring BOD on real RILES samples coming from a beverage industry; data is shown on table 2.
TABLE 2: BOD measure on RILES samples of a beverage industry
Figure imgf000006_0002
The cartridge type bioreactor (BTC) has an immobilized quantity of biomass on capsules (100), which was previously generated, that means, we have a preexistent biomass quantity that can be adjusted to the capsule (100), the capsule size (100) is also adjustable within certain limits, while the capsules number is also adjustable to the BTC size (1). All this indicates that the operation characteristics of the removable and disposable BTC (1) can be adjusted to the user requirements.
The BTC priming or activating time is less than the commercial alternatives available today, this prime or activating time goes from 4 hours to 1 day.
The BTC (1) is constructed from a cartridge of inert material with adapters for: inlet for feeding the support solution (40), outlet of liquid (41), measurement sample inlet (70), air inlet (50), air outlet (51), dissolved oxygen sensor (200) that in a preferred modality is removable. Additionally contains the capsules suspended on storing liquid or in support liquid when is in operation.
EXAMPLE
The capsule forming solution consist on 1% sodium alginate where a population of bacteria Enterobacter sakasakii was introduced and previously homogenized and formerly isolated from residual water until reaching to a microbial concentration of 0.5 grams dry biomass /liter of capsule. This solution was dropped from the capsule device to a hardening solution of calcium chloride, 0.05 molar, generating capsules on the order of 1 millimeter diameter.
For constructing the BTC, 20 grams of capsules suspended on 40 cc of support liquid were used, consisting in a calcium chloride solution 0.05 molar.
The capsules were stored cold on trypticase soy (TSY) solution diluted on calcium chloride 0.05 molar solution.

Claims

1. A respirometry biosensor for fast determination of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in water's flow wherein it consists on a BTC (Cartridge type reactor) removable, with a quantity of biomass immobilized on capsules and a removable dissolved oxygen sensor.
2. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the capsules are suspended on a solution.
3. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 2, wherein the solution is calcium chloride when the biosensor operates.
4. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 2, wherein the solution is a broth of trypticase soy (TSY) in calcium chloride solution, when the capsules are stored.
5. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 2 wherein the capsules are gels that contains bacteria and a polymeric organic matrix.
6. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 5, wherein the polymeric organic matrix is an alginate based solution.
7. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 6, wherein the capsules are adjustable on number and/or size and/or contents.
8. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 7, wherein the capsule contents are adjustable to the characteristics of the water to be monitored.
9. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 8, wherein the characteristics of the water to be monitored determinates the quality and quantity of organic load.
10. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 9, wherein the waters to be monitored are coming from Industrial plants, rivers, lakes or canal (RILES).
11. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 1 , wherein further the BTC is disposable.
12. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the biomass quantity immobilized on capsules is previously generated.
13. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 12, wherein the biomass quantity immobilized on the capsules is stored in cold, maintaining the viability of the microorganisms.
14. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 13, wherein the priming or activating time of the BTC is at least 4 hours.
15. The respirometry biosensor according to claim 14, wherein the priming or activating time of the BTC is no longer than 24 hours.
16. Respirometric measurement system for fast obtaining of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) on water's flow, wherein it comprises a removable biosensor, with a quantity of immobilized biomass in gels capsules that contains bacterias and an organic polymeric matrix and a removable dissolved oxygen sensor.
17. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 16, wherein the organic polymeric matrix is a solution based on alginate.
18. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 16, wherein capsules are adjustable on number and/or size and/or contents.
19. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 18, wherein the contents of the capsules are adjustable to the characteristics of the water to be monitored.
20. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 19, wherein the characteristics of the water to be monitored determinates the quality and quantity of organic load.
21. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 20, wherein the water to be monitored comes from Industrial plants, rivers, lakes or canals (RILES).
22. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 16, wherein further the biosensor is disposable.
23. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 16, wherein the quantity of immobilized biomass is previously generated.
24. The respirometric measurement system according to claim 23, wherein the biomass immobilized quantity is stored in cold maintaining the microorganism viability.
25. The respirometric measurement system according to claims 16 to 24, wherein the priming an activating time of the Biosensor is at least 4 hours.
26. The respirometric measurement system according to claims 16 to 25, wherein the priming or activating time of the Biosensor is no longer than 24 hours.
27. Method for fast determining of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) on water's flow wherein it comprises the following steps: a. provide a removable biosensor with a immobilized biomass quantity on gels capsules that contains bacterias and a organic polymeric matrix; b. provide a removable dissolved oxygen sensor inside the biosensor; c. injecting a water sample to be monitored into the interior of the biosensor; d. register the values of dissolved oxygen that comes of the sensor of step b); e. processing obtained data of the step d); and f. obtain BOD values compared with known measurements OfBOD5.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein further comprises previous generation of the quantity of immobilized biomass on capsules.
29. The method according to claim 28, wherein further comprises cold storage of the quantity of biomass previously generated.
30. The method according to claim 27, wherein further comprises prime or activate the biosensor.
31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the activating time of the biosensor is at least 4 hours.
32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the activating time of the biosensor is no longer than 24 hours.
33. The method according to claim 27, wherein the step of injecting a water sample is done injecting the entire sample at a time.
34. The method according to claim 27, wherein the organic polymeric matrix is an alginate based solution.
35. The method according to claim 27, wherein capsules are adjustable on number and/or size and/or content.
36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the capsules contents are adjustable to the characteristics of water to be monitored.
PCT/EP2006/050235 2005-01-17 2006-01-17 Biosensor for determining the biochemical oxygen demand (bod) by respirometry WO2006075030A2 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120156711A1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2012-06-21 Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria System and method that allows the joined performance of optoelectric and respirometric sensors for instant and accurate ascertainment of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in liquid industrial wastes
US8252582B2 (en) * 2006-05-11 2012-08-28 Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh Disposable bioreactor comprising a sensor arrangement
CN106635931A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-10 青岛中科煜成安全技术有限公司 Engineering bacterium for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5385741A (en) * 1991-02-25 1995-01-31 Champagne Moet & Chandon Calcium alginate gel partially deficient in calcium ions for use in binding metal cations
WO2002018563A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-07 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Method for the preparation of stable and reusable biosensing granules
US20020054828A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2002-05-09 Keeping Sean Crispian Analysis device
GB2386124A (en) * 1998-06-20 2003-09-10 Council Scient Ind Res Process for the preparation of reusable immobilised microbial composition in bead form used as ready-to-use seed inoculum in BOD anaysis of waste water

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5385741A (en) * 1991-02-25 1995-01-31 Champagne Moet & Chandon Calcium alginate gel partially deficient in calcium ions for use in binding metal cations
GB2386124A (en) * 1998-06-20 2003-09-10 Council Scient Ind Res Process for the preparation of reusable immobilised microbial composition in bead form used as ready-to-use seed inoculum in BOD anaysis of waste water
US20020054828A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2002-05-09 Keeping Sean Crispian Analysis device
WO2002018563A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-07 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Method for the preparation of stable and reusable biosensing granules

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Title
DATABASE BIOSIS [Online] BIOSCIENCES INFORMATION SERVICE, PHILADELPHIA, PA, US; 1986, SU Y-C ET AL: "A NEW BIOSENSOR FOR RAPID BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ESTIMATION BY USING IMMOBILIZED GROWING CELL BEADS" XP002388041 Database accession no. PREV198682081943 & PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE COUNCIL REPUBLIC OF CHINA PART B LIFE SCIENCES, vol. 10, no. 2, 1986, pages 105-112, ISSN: 0255-6596 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8252582B2 (en) * 2006-05-11 2012-08-28 Sartorius Stedim Biotech Gmbh Disposable bioreactor comprising a sensor arrangement
US20120156711A1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2012-06-21 Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria System and method that allows the joined performance of optoelectric and respirometric sensors for instant and accurate ascertainment of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in liquid industrial wastes
CN106635931A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-10 青岛中科煜成安全技术有限公司 Engineering bacterium for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor

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