WO2006062443A1

WO2006062443A1 - Electric generator

Info

Publication number: WO2006062443A1
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000595
Authority: WO
Inventors: Anatoly Boltayevich Pulatov
Original assignee: Anatoly Boltayevich Pulatov
Priority date: 2004-12-07
Filing date: 2005-11-24
Publication date: 2006-06-15
Also published as: RU2284630C2; RU2004135713A

Abstract

The invention relates to generating electric power, more specifically to the structural design of electric generators, in particular generators for feeding low-power consumers. The inventive generator consists of a generating unit (2) comprising a coil (5) provided with a working channel (4) having a generating magnet (6) which is arranged in such a way that it is displaceable between the opposite ends of the channel and power means which ensure said displacement by means of one or several propulsion magnets (3) and are movable with respect to the working channel. Said magnets are placed outside of the working channel, wherein the movement thereof and/or of the generating unit across the axes thereof is provided for. Said movement is associated with the alternate approach and separation of the like poles of the propulsion magnets away from the working channel end in such a way that periodically they are placeable in front of the like poles of the generating magnet in order to produce a mutually repelling force impulse. The generating unit and the propulsion magnet can be mounted separately on mutually movable parts of a mechanical device.

Description

ELECTRIC GENERATOR

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the generation of electrical energy, specifically to a device for electric generators (electric generators), especially those designed to power low-power current consumers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An electric generator is known, including a generating unit with a working channel provided with a coil, with a generating magnet, which is mounted to move between opposite ends of the channel, providing this means of movement with a moving member moving relative to the working channel, which interacts with the generating magnet: US Pat. USA 5347186, FIG.1 1. This generator is an analog and prototype of the invention. In the known electric generator, the drive body is made in the form of a piston attached to a generating magnet and driven by excessive pressure of the working medium (air). This technical solution determines the complex and cumbersome design of the prototype generator, complicates its operation, does not allow to obtain sufficient power. As a result, these shortcomings make the known electric generator ineffective and unsuitable for practical use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention solves the technical problem of increasing the efficiency of the generator in order to provide it with the possibility of widespread use. The problem is solved in that in an electric generator including a generating unit with a working channel equipped with a coil, with a generating magnet, which is mounted with the possibility of movement between opposite ends of the channel, this means that the power means move with a movable relative to the working channel drive element that interacts with the generating with a magnet, according to the invention, the drive element is made in the form of one or more magnets that are placed outside the working channel, and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the possibility of the movement of these, drive, magnets and / or the generating unit across its own axes with alternating approach and distance of the poles of the drive magnets from the end of the working channel in such a way that they are periodically located opposite the poles of the generating magnet to create a mutual repulsive force pulse is considered.

In particular cases of the invention, the following technical solutions are possible:

- the generating unit and / or the drive magnet are mounted to rotate around an axis passing through the axis of the working channel, perpendicular to it; - the generating unit and / or the drive magnet are mounted for rotation around an axis parallel to the axis of the working channel;

- the generating unit and the drive magnet are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear motion relative to each other;

- the drive magnets are mounted on both sides of the generating unit; - generating units are mounted on both sides of the drive magnet;

- the generating unit faces end-to-end of the other unit, so that the generating magnet of one unit is a drive member for another;

- an electric generator is built into an autonomous power supply unit;

- an electric generator is built into an electric lamp; - the axis of rotation passes outside the generating unit;

- the axis of rotation passes through the generating unit;

- the generating unit and the drive magnet are arranged to be separately mounted on parts of a mechanical device moving relative to each other, so that part of the mechanical device is a drive for an electric generator;

- the electric generator is arranged to place functional elements on a vehicle, for example, a bicycle;

- the electric generator is arranged to place functional elements on a transportation device, for example, on an elevator; - the electric generator is configured to place functional elements on the wind power unit.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) A positive effect of the invention is to increase the technical efficiency of the generator, which provides the proposed generator with the possibility of widespread use. This is confirmed by the subsequent application materials.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by the figures of FIG. 1 to 10; they correspond to the best embodiment of the invention described below and schematically represent: - FIG. 1 - one-block electric generator with one generating unit and a single drive magnet (top view, sectional view);

- FIG. 2 - multiblock generator with several drive magnets (top view, sectional view);

- FIG. 3 - one-block electric generator with several drive magnets, one position (top view, sectional view);

- FIG. 4 - one-block electric generator with several drive magnets, another position (top view, sectional view);

- FIG. 5 - built-in electric generator as part of the power supply unit (side view, with cuts); - FIG. 6 - an integrated electric generator according to FIG. 5, right view;

- FIG. 7 - an electric generator according to FIG. 5, 6 in the embodiment, built into the lamp;

- FIG. 8 - an electric generator with two rows of generating units and an intermediate row of drive magnets; - FIG. 9 - two-row multiblock electric generator, one position;

- FIG. 10 - two-row multiblock generator, another position.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Shown in FIG. 1 (top view, sectional view) a single-block electric generator with one generating unit and a single drive magnet is the simplest device made according to the present invention. This electro-

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the herator includes a generating unit 2 and a drive magnet 3 mounted in the housing 1. The generating unit, in turn, consists of a tube 4 forming an operating channel, an external coil 5 surrounding it and an internal generating magnet 6. The tube is made of a non-conductive current non-magnetic material (for example, plastic) and usually has a circular cross section, although it can be rectangular, polygonal or another cross section. It corresponds to the shape of the generating magnet 6, which is usually made disk-shaped or cylindrical (but may be of a different cross section), of an alloy having a high magnetic force (for example, cam-cobalt, neodymium-iron-boron). The generating magnet is installed inside the working channel with a radial clearance to allow the magnet to move along the channel between its opposite (in this case, left and right) ends; on one of them (in this case, the left one) there is an end magnet 7. It faces the generating magnet with the same pole: in FIG. Figure 1 shows one of the two possible orientations of the magnets (the letter N denotes the north pole of the magnet, the letter S denotes the south pole).

The generating unit is mounted stationary in the generator body, and the drive magnet is mounted on the end of the rod 8 with the possibility of rotation around an axis 9 fixed in the case, which extends outside the generating unit, located on its geometric axis (i.e., on the axis of the working channel) perpendicular to it (that is normal to the image plane). To enable rotation, the rod 8 from the opposite end of the magnet is provided with a sleeve 10, which is freely mounted on the axis 9. In the middle position, the rod and the axis of the drive magnet 3 are located on the axis of the working channel 4, and the drive magnet is opposite the right end of the channel, facing the generating magnet 6 of the same name (in a specific case, the north) pole. A mutually repulsive force impulse is created between these poles, and under its action the magnet 6 moves to the left end of the working channel. Here he is held at a certain distance from magnet 7, pushing off from it by the south pole of the same name. The described initial state of the functional elements of the generator is shown in FIG. 1 solid lines. The described device allows the operation of the generator magnet magnet 3 to make periodic deviations across its axis from the original

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) position in the extreme positions of ZA and ZV (shown by dashes), with alternating approach and distance of the magnet pole from the end of the working channel 4. To implement the movement, not shown in FIG. 1 is a drive in which, for example, a mechanism is provided that engages with the sleeve 10. (Such a drive device is indicated by us only for a better understanding of the operation of the electric generator: the drive is not an object of the present invention and can be implemented on the basis of known technical solutions). We engage the drive and begin to deflect the rod 8 with the drive magnet 3 from its original position, for example, clockwise. With this deviation, the interaction between the drive and the generating magnets weakens, and the last magnet, repelled by the end magnet, will move from the left end of the working channel to the right until it reaches it; this extreme position 6A of the generating magnet is shown by dashed lines. With the described movement, it crosses the turns of the coil 5, and a current is generated in it.

After the magnet 3 is deflected to the extreme position FOR, the drive begins to return (counterclockwise) to its original position, bringing it closer to the end of the working channel and the magnet 6 located near it. In this case, an ever-increasing interaction between the poles of the same magnets coming together, which leads to the movement of magnet 6 to the left end of the working channel to its original position. With this return movement, another current pulse is generated in the coil. The next pulse is generated when the magnet 3 continues to deviate to the other extreme position of the pollutant. Then the drive returns the magnet 3 clockwise to its original position and then to the extreme position FOR, which generates another series of current pulses. Their characteristics are determined by the coil data of the coil and the shuttle speed (that is, there and back) of the movement of the generating magnet between the opposite ends of the working channel. Performing multiple shuttle movements of the magnet between the indicated extreme positions ZA and ZV, the necessary current is generated, which is removed in a known manner from the electrical terminals of the coil (the corresponding electrical circuits are known and are not considered here). It should be noted that with equal or close strength of magnets 3 and 7 in the initial position, the generating magnet 6 can be in the middle part of the working channel, however, when the generator is operating, this magnet can fly by inertia until it contacts the magnet 7.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In FIG. 2 shows (in a top view, in a section) a multi-block type electric generator with several drive magnets. In a particular technical embodiment, four generating units 2 and six drive magnets 3 are provided, which are mounted symmetrically around the perpendicular axis 9 on concentrically arranged non-conductive drums 11 and 12 (made of non-magnetic material, for example plastic). It is envisaged that one or both of these drums can rotate around a specified axis, and when the drums rotate together, they move in opposite directions. This multiblock generator, with the exception of the number of basic functional elements, is essentially the same as that shown in FIG. 1 one-block electric generator and works like him.

Suppose, for example, for definiteness, the drum 11 is mounted (in the generator housing not shown in FIG. 2) motionlessly, and the drum 12 has the ability to rotate clockwise. In the initial state of the generator, its magnets are shown by solid lines, and the position of the magnets on the horizontal axis of the drawing corresponds to the solid lines of FIG. 1, and the position of the other magnets corresponds to the dashed lines of FIG. 1. Horizontal generating magnets are located in the working channels near the end magnets, and vertical generating magnets are located at the other ends of their channels. With the rotation of the drum 12 through an angle of 30 °, this picture changes to the exact opposite shown in FIG. 2 by dashed lines, that is, the generating magnets move to the opposite ends of their working channels. When moving, they generate current in the coils of the generator. With a further rotation of the drum 12, the generating magnets after 30 ° will return to their original position, producing another series of current pulses, and then the picture of the working process will be repeated. The described multi-block electric generator has a higher power than the previous single-block one, and this parameter can be varied by changing the number of functional elements. Obviously, in another specific technical implementation of the electric generator, the drums 11 and 12 can be interchanged, that is, the first mounted inside the second (in this case, both the generating units and the drive magnets must be turned 180 °). Instead of drums, other technical solutions can be applied, for example, internal functional elements

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) can be mounted on rotatable radial rods (spokes), and external elements can be attached directly to the generator body, etc.

In FIG. Figures 3 and 4 show in two positions a single-block electric generator with several drive magnets (top view, sectional view). In a specific technical embodiment of the electric generator, three drive magnets 3 are mounted symmetrically on the drum 12 around a single generating unit 2. Through it, the axis of the drum passes perpendicular to the axis of the working channel (normal to the plane of the drawing). Around it, the drum or the generating unit can rotate, or rather deviate, in both directions at an angle of 60 relative to the average position. In contrast to the above, this generator does not contain end magnets 7, and the movement of the generating magnet 6 is carried out on both sides of the working channel, and directly to both ends, due to the drive magnets themselves. To do this, they are mounted on a drum with different orientations: one magnet is turned inward, to the axis of the drum, with the north pole, and the other two with the south. For definiteness, suppose that the drum 12 is mounted in the generator body fixedly (it may itself be a case), and the generating unit 2 has the possibility of rotation. The initial position of such an electric generator, which is shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to the solid lines of FIG. 1. Another position, with the maximum deviation of the generating unit clockwise, is shown in FIG. 4 and corresponds to the dashed lines of FIG. 1. The above description is sufficient to understand the operation of the electric generator.

The technical solutions presented above serve as the basis for a variety of devices that can be widely used.

FIG. 5 is a side view, with cuts, of the built-in electric generator as part of the power supply unit; FIG. 6 is a right side view of FIG. 5. In the housing 13 of the power supply unit, a generating unit 2 is fixed, and on its sides mounted on a common axis 9, parallel to the axis of the working channel, the jointly rotated drums 14 and 15. They are at the same distance from the axis 9 as the generating magnet 6, four drive magnets 3 are fixed, facing the same pole to the generating magnet. From FIG. Figure 6 shows that the magnets in the drum 14 (shown transparent) are shifted (alternating) relative to the magnets in the drum 15. Therefore, when, for example, the magnet of the first drum is opposite the right end of the working channel 4, the magnets of the second drum are on the sides of the left end and to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the generating magnet 6 will be pressed to it: see FIG. 5. The operation of such an electric generator is clear from the above description of the operation of other specific devices. The actuation of the generator can be carried out by manually rotating the drum 14; its spring plant may also be provided. By means of an electric circuit (not shown) mounted in the housing 13, the current pulses taken from the coil of the generating unit are rectified and fed to the electronic unit 16 with a storage system of a known type (including, for example, a capacitor or ionistor, etc.). A contact terminal 17 is connected to it, through which the consumer is able to receive the energy stored in the power supply unit.

In FIG. 7 shows an electric generator according to FIG. 5, 6 in the version integrated in the lamp. The electronic unit 18 shown here is connected to a light source 19, which is an LED. An optical system with a lens 20 is provided for focusing the light beam. The charging time of such an electric lamp can be short, it can also be recharged during lighting.

Presented in FIG. 5, 6, 7 devices with a built-in electric generator have a simple and compact design; they can be made absolutely airtight, which provides them with virtually unlimited working life. The listed advantages along with an acceptable charging time and ease of use of the described devices determine the practicality of the built-in electric generator.

In all the electric generators described above, the alternating approach and distance of the poles of the drive magnets from the end of the working channel of the generating unit (which leads to the movement of the generating magnet in the working channel and, as a result, to the generation of current) is realized due to the partial or full circular motion of the drive magnets and / or the generating unit . Below are some technical solutions of the generator, in which the generating unit and the drive magnet are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear motion relative to each other. In FIG. 8 shows in two positions an electric generator with two rows of generating units and an intermediate row of drive magnets. The generating units 2 are mounted on the extended elements 21A and 21B coaxially to each other; between the end

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) mi blocks mounted on an extended element 22 a number of drive magnets 3; end magnets 7 are installed on opposite, external sides of the blocks. The magnets in adjacent rows face each other with the same poles. It is envisaged that the magnetic row 22 can move relative to the first two rows in the longitudinal direction (for example, in guides of a known type that are not shown). In this case, the drive magnets are periodically opposite the generating ones, pushing them towards the end magnets, as shown in FIG. 8 solid lines. When the drive magnets are removed from the generating units, the magnets in the working channels move towards the ends of the adjacent units towards each other, as shown by dashed lines. Periodic movement of the generating magnets between the extreme positions shown ensures the generation of current pulses in the coils of the generating units.

In FIG. 9, 10 show in two positions a two-row multi-unit generator with two parallel, adjacent, rows of generating units 2 that can move parallel to each other (for example, in guides of a known type, which are not shown). The blocks of these adjacent rows face each other with the same poles of the generating magnets 6; end magnets 7 are mounted on opposite sides. In the one shown in FIG. 9, one generating unit is opposite each other, and therefore the generating magnets are repelled from each other to the end magnets 7. In another position, which is shown in FIG. 10, the generating blocks of one row are shifted relative to the blocks of the other row, so that the generating magnets repel from the end magnets towards each other. Periodic movement of the generating magnets between the extreme positions shown ensures the generation of current pulses in the coils of the generating units.

The above technical solutions do not exhaust the essence of the invention. In particular, the following variations are also possible:

- in the generating unit, instead of a single coil, a series of several successive coils can be installed; - instead of end magnets, springs (of non-magnetic material) that perform the same function may be provided;

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - for the electric generator according to FIG. 1, end magnet 7 may not be needed if this generator is operated in the upper vertical position of the working channel, counting on the movement of the generating magnet to the lower end of the channel solely due to gravity; - to mitigate the collisions of the generating magnets with the ends of the working channels, shock absorbers can be placed in them (in the simplest case, elastic gaskets);

- end magnet 7 can be placed both outside the working channel 4, and in a common tube with it; - if necessary, the generating unit can be performed with a central coil and an external ring generating magnet;

- by the type of electric generators with circular motion of functional elements, similar devices with rectilinear motion and vice versa can be made. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As is clear from the foregoing, the invention can be carried out on the basis of conventional technology. At the same time, the proposed electric generator is characterized by a simple design, compact, easy to operate, has an almost unlimited working resource. These advantages are combined with the wide energy capabilities of the proposed electric generator. First of all, an advantageous field of application of the invention is the supply of low-power current consumers - such as signal beacons, portable radios and radio transmitters, cell phones, portable electric torches and the like - especially in emergency conditions when it is not possible to charge standard power systems listed devices from other current sources. The proposed electric generator can be used both to recharge standard power systems, and directly to ensure the operation of these devices. (Specific examples were presented in Figs. 5, 6, 7).

Generators with a circular motion of functional elements can also be easily and with great benefit mounted on a variety of mechanical devices, in particular wheeled vehicles. For example, on a bicycle

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) in the area of the pedals, it is convenient to place an electric generator of the type shown in FIG. 5, 6. In this case, the axis 9 corresponds to the axis of rotation of the connecting rods of the pedals, disks with drive magnets 3 are attached to this axis on both sides, and the generating unit 2 is mounted with an offset relative to this axis on the bicycle frame. Such a bicycle generator does not contain a common housing for accommodating the said functional elements, and they are separately mounted on different parts of the vehicle moving relative to each other. In this case, one part of the vehicle is the drive for the electric generator. A prototype of such a device, made in accordance with the invention, showed that even when the bicycle is moving at a pedestrian speed, the electric generator generates current with parameters that are sufficient to power the bicycle lamp, to listen to a portable radio, etc. This demonstrated in practice the high technical efficiency of the proposed generator provides him with the possibility of widespread use. For example, a bicycle generator similar to a bicycle fits well into the layout of a wind power plant. The current generated in this case is sufficient, at least, for illumination at night of the infield, the perimeter of the security zone (for example, an airfield), etc.

Generators with linear movement of functional elements can be successfully used to generate electrical energy during the movement of various kinds of transportation devices. For example, a number of generating units can be mounted outside the elevator car, and a corresponding series of drive magnets can be mounted on the walls of the elevator shaft. The current generated by such an electric generator can be used to illuminate the cabin.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIM

1. An electric generator, including a generating unit with a working channel equipped with a coil, with a generating magnet, which is mounted with the possibility of movement between opposite ends of the channel, providing this means of movement with a drive unit moving relative to the working channel, which interacts with the generating magnet, characterized the fact that the drive body is made in the form of one or more magnets that are placed outside the working channel, and the possibility of movement of these , drive, magnets and / or generating unit across its own axes with alternating approach and distance of the poles of the driving magnets from the end of the working channel so that they are periodically opposite the poles of the generating magnet with the same name to create a mutually repulsive force pulse.

2. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating unit and / or the drive magnet are mounted to rotate around an axis passing through the axis of the working channel, perpendicular to it.

3. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating unit and / or the drive magnet are mounted to rotate around an axis parallel to the axis of the working channel.

4. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating unit and the drive magnet are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear motion relative to each other.

5. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive magnets are mounted on both sides of the generating unit.

6. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating units are mounted on both sides of the drive magnet.

7. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the generating unit faces end-to-end of another unit, so that the generating magnet of one unit is a driving organ for another.

8. The electric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is built into an autonomous power supply unit.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

9. An electric generator according to claim I _5, characterized in that it is integrated in an electric lamp.

10. The electric generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation passes outside the generating unit.

11. The electric generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation passes through the generating unit.

12. The electric generator according to one of paragraphs. 1 to 11, characterized in that the generating unit and the drive magnet are arranged to be separately mounted on parts of the mechanical device moving relative to each other, so that part of the mechanical device is the drive for the electric generator.

13. An electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that it is arranged to place said functional elements on a vehicle, for example, a bicycle.

14. An electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that it is arranged to place said functional elements on a transportation device, for example, on an elevator.

15. The electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that it is arranged to place said functional elements on the wind power unit.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)