WO2006053927A1

WO2006053927A1 - Electric motor

Info

Publication number: WO2006053927A1
Application number: PCT/ES2005/000626
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Luis DIAZ GONZALEZ
Original assignee: Diaz Gonzalez Jose Luis
Priority date: 2004-11-16
Filing date: 2005-11-16
Publication date: 2006-05-26
Also published as: ES2264357A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric motor. The inventive motor is characterised in that it generates a motor electromagnetic torque by directly applying the magnetic fields produced in the stator to the magnetic fields of the rotor (1). The stator comprises a drive yoke formed by two loops (11 and 12) which are disposed perpendicularly to one another in the form of a cross such as to define an inner housing for the rotor (1) and the corresponding shaft (2) thereof. All of the aforementioned components are housed in a surrounding casing (5), the inner face of which is equipped with forms or recesses for positioning and inserting the electromagnetic loops (11 and 12). The direction of the electric current in the drive yoke or stator can be switched using a switching disk (6) which is mounted to the rear end of the shaft (2) and which supports a permanent magnet (7) which, upon rotation, activates one of the four sensors (8) provided in a printed circuit (9) that is solidly connected to the rear cover (4) of the casing (5) housing the rotor, the drive yoke or stator and the shaft (2).

Description

ELECTRIC MOTOR

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an electric motor having characteristics such that it allows to achieve high performance, based on the fact that the magnetic fields produced in the fixed part or stator of the motor are applied directly on the magnetic fields of the moving part or rotor, achieving a counter-electric force much lower than that generated in electric motors of direct current.

The object of the invention is to provide a high performance electric motor, intended for traction and electric power generation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As is known, electric motors basically comprise an inductor or stator, an armature or rotor and a switch to change the direction of the current inside the windings of the rotor or armature, this being mechanically supported by a shaft or shaft, by which can be coupled to other machines or devices to which the -energy -Hieeánieaτ is transferred

In said motors, when the electric current travels through the conductors, a magnetic field is generated, which can be increased having a ferro-magnetic core inside the coil formed by the conductive cables, thus establishing an electro-magnet in which the magnetism is induced by the electric current, all in such a way that the direction of the current determines the polarity of the electro-magnet itself.

The principles of operation, based on these components, are not relevant because they are well known.

In any case, the performance of electric motors is always less than 100%, since when the rotor rotates the counter-electromotive force that is generated is always lower than the applied electromotive force, and where the electrical power transformed into mechanical power by the motor, expressed in watts, is equal to the product of the counter-electromotive force by the intensity of the current applied, whose result must be subtracted from losses in iron, hysteresis and eddy currents, as well as mechanical losses of speed friction, after which the engine performance will be taken.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The engine that is recommended has been designed to achieve a high increase in performance compared to conventional motors, based on the fact that the magnetic fields produced in the propellant or stator part are applied directly on the magnetic fields generated in the moving part or rotor, thereby achieving that the force - counter-electromotive ^"" is ^"" very ^""" inferior to that conventionally originated.

More specifically, the engine of the invention comprises a rotor solidarity mounted on the corresponding axis, rotor that has a cylindrical configuration and determines a permanent magnet of two poles, with the orientation and magnetization through the diameter; with the particularity that on both sides of the rotor and mounted on the shaft itself there are arranged the respective ball bearings, one front and one rear, which are the support points of the shaft, complementing with side or end locking caps that they close the cylindrical housing containing the rotor with its axis.

On the other hand, in correspondence with the subsequent extension of the rotor shaft, an electric switching disc, consisting of non-magnetic material, is mounted in solidarity, being that carrier disk of a permanent magnet intended to activate four mounted Hall effect sensors, with a 90 ° angular distance, in a printed circuit attached to the corresponding rear cover cover of the housing in which the rotor is located with its axis, with the particularity that the sensors are fixed on the face of the printed circuit facing the disk of electrical switching, since on the opposite side the corresponding electronic components are mounted to perform, by means of a power semiconductor, the electrical switching.

The aforementioned magnet provided on the switching disk marks the control of the position of the magnetic poles of the rotor, in relation to the magnetic poles of the stator, a magnet that is in the form of a ring segment with a 90 ° arc and the necessary length to keep the respective sensor activated, until the rotor advance activates the following sensor, ^~~ this ^" advance ^" corresponds to a ^" sequence ^" of ^' conϊnutációñ ^' eTéctϊ icáy POSTLO that four electrical switching sequences are performed for each revolution of the rotor. A rear cover fixed to the respective cover of the housing in which the rotor is housed covers and protects precisely the mentioned components corresponding to the switching disc and the printed circuit with the elements associated therewith.

The electrical switching can also be obtained by means of a switching ring based on sliding electrical contacts, a ring that will be integrally mounted on the rear extension of the shaft, being a carrier of three elements, two of them constituted by two electric conductive rings in which they contact two electric brushes for the power inlet, while the third element is constituted by two segments of electric conductive ring, each of amplitude corresponding to that of an arc of 90 ° minus the length of the arc that occupies the brush of electrical contact, said segments being equidistant from each other on the mounting element thereof.

In the element of the switching segments, four output electrical contact brushes are arranged to feed the stator, brushes fixed to the motor housing and electrically insulated, being positioned at a distance of 90 ° from each other around the elements of the segments.

On the other hand, and as one of the fundamental characteristics of the invention, it is worth highlighting the fact that the motor stator is determined by an inner electro-magnetic loop and an outer electromagnetic loop, forming between both loops a propellant yoke or stator itself, in whose interior the axis and the corresponding rotor are located, so that these two elements and the 3'ugo propeller itself may be housed ^{~ '} OOnjuntameñϊe ^" in ^" the Interior αe the cylindrical housing whose internal wall is adapted to that the two loops are firmly embedded in said housing wall and the rotor shaft perfectly fixed, by means of the support bearings that are fitted in the covers of Extreme closure of the housing and that are attached to it conveniently.

Each loop consists of two symmetrical sections and each section with an insulated electrical conductor wire, which is wound in a rectangular format, well compacted, protected and consolidated by a structural adhesive for mechanical and thermo-conductive stresses, all in such a way that the union with each other, perpendicularly between the two loops, crossing centrally, determines a free space on the sides for the output of the corresponding rotor shaft, as well as steps for the output of the electrical connections that allow the electro-motive force to be applied correspondent.

To perform a complete rotation in the rotor, propelled by the electro-magnetic motor torque, it is necessary to use two loops that cover a rotor rotation of 180 ° each, so that the electrical switching cycle of the loop is divided into two half cycles , in one of which the electric current circulates in a certain direction, and in the other half-cycle the current circulates in the opposite direction, the switching of these half-cycles or sequences being performed alternately in the two loops to maintain the electromagnetic motor torque, in all rotor spin

By means of the aforementioned motor, the performance with respect to the conventional ones is achieved, as a consequence of the fact that in its operation the mechanical power transformed by the motor is greater than the electro-motor opposite force generated, because in the motor of the invention they are suppressed iron plating cores allowing to apply

-directly- -the- fields - -magnetic ^"" produced by the electric conductors arranged in the motor in a fixed way, and which is the stator or propellant element, on the magnetic fields arranged in the rotor, which forms the moving part and It is the propelled element. When it rotates the rotor is generated in electric conductors or stator, a counter-electromotive force 2 π less than would be generated if the electric conductors or stator were mounted on iron plating, so the same value in which the counter-electromotive force is reduced increases the mechanical power in the rotor.

In its application for traction in general, the application of the motor to propel an electric generator is presented by joining the motor shaft jointly to the generator shaft, or by mounting the motor and the generator on the same axis, forming a unit with the quality of behaving like an electric power amplifier, these units being able to be coupled in series in such a way that the electric potential produced by the generator of the first unit is applied to the input to power the motor of the second unit, and so on, having Keep in mind that the motor and generator of each unit must have their capacity adapted to the potential they must generate.

In this way a system is created that with a small electrical potential at the input, corresponding to the motor of the first unit, a high electrical potential is obtained at the output, produced by the generator of the last unit. Once the entire system has been fully operational, through the electrical potential applied to the input, the system can operate self-powered by the potential generated at the output, and in a position to provide the useful and surplus electrical potential without consume, so it can be said that it constitutes a new force of electrical energy, being its origin the electrical energy itself.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and with In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where it is shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner. the next:

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section view of the electric motor made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 2. - Shows a perspective view of the two sections that constitute one of the electro-magnetic loops of the so-called propellant yoke constituting the motor stator.

Figure 3.- Shows a schematic detail corresponding to the representation of direct application technology to generate the electro-magnetic motor torque.

Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of the cross and perpendicular arrangement of the two electro-magnetic loops constituting the stator, with the extreme steps for the rotor shaft, as well as the electrical connections of both loops.

Figure 5.- Shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the electric motor object of the invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, it can be seen how the motor of the invention comprises a movable part or rotor (I) constituting a permanent magnet of two poles N and S, as shown in Figure I ₅ whose rotor (1) is mounted on a shaft (2) that rests on respective bearings (3) provided in the end caps (4) that close the cylindrical housing (5) in which said rotor is housed with its shaft.

Such a rotor is of cylindrical configuration with the orientation of magnetization through the diameter, having the cylindrical shape sectioned in the interpolar zones to form the straight faces, which cause the rotor to rotate to force forced air, constituting a stator cooling system.

The permanent magnet corresponding to the rotor (1) referred to, can be constituted in any suitable material, the hard ferrite being suitable for its economy, although other materials with more capacity to magnetize magnetic energy can be used, such as for example the neodymium or a composition of samarium-cobalt, taking into account that the more magnetized magnetic energy the rotor has in the same volume, the greater the performance and capacity of the motor, in relation to its size.

Likewise, it is possible to mount an iron plating rotor (1), with excitation coils, forming a two-pole electro-magnet, although this possibility is more expensive in its construction.

In any case, the ends of the rotor shaft (2) exceed the end caps (4), so that the end considered as anterior corresponds to the output to apply the mechanical power of the motor, while on the rear end of said shaft (2) a switching disc is mounted —electric- (6) ^~~ built ^" eñ ^'~ ün i non-magnetic material and light in nature, such as Nylonφ being that disk (6) carrying a permanent magnet (7 ) intended to activate four sensors (8) Hall effect, switches type, mounted on a printed circuit (9) attached to the closing cover posterior (4), so that these sensors (8) are mounted on the face of the printed circuit (9) facing the disk (6), the arrangement of those being angularly equidistant, with a 90 ° offset from each other. On the opposite side of the commented printed circuit (9) the electronic components are mounted to perform, by means of power semiconductors, the electrical switching.

As for the permanent magnet (7) provided on the disk (6), it marks the control of the position of the magnetic poles of the rotor, in relation to the magnetic poles of the stator, in the form of a segment or arc ring of 90 ° and with the length necessary to keep the sensor activated, until the rotor advance activates the next sensor (8), this advance corresponding to an electrical switching sequence, so that for each revolution of the rotor (1) four electrical switching sequences

That rear end of the rotor shaft (2), as well as the switching disc (6), the printed circuit (9) and the elements associated therewith, are protected by a rear cover (10), as clearly shown in the Figure 1.

In an alternative embodiment, the electrical switching can be carried out by means of a switching ring, by sliding electrical contacts, the ring of which will be integrally mounted on the rear extension of the shaft (2) and will be constituted in resistant and electrical insulating material, for example tefion , bearer of three elements, two of them

_composites-by-two -aros- -conductors ^" in ^" Cough that contact two electric brushes for power input, and a third element consisting of two segments of electric conductive ring, each with a 90 ° arc subtracting the length of the ring that occupies the contact brush electric, separated equidistant from each other in the corresponding element. One of the segments is electrically connected to one of the rings of the power inlet, while the other segment is connected to the other ring, so that the most suitable position of the elements in the ring will be, in the center the element of switching formed by two segments of electric conductor ring, and on both sides the elements of the input for power, formed by the two electrical conductor rings.

In the element of the switching segments, four output electrical contact brushes are arranged to feed the stator, whose brushes are fixed to the motor housing and electrically insulated, being positioned at a distance of 90 ° from each other around the element of the segments, taking into account that the switching segments in the ring and the brushes attached to the housing mark the control of the position respectively of the magnetic poles of the rotor, in relation to the magnetic poles of the rotor stator.

The two brushes for the power input that contact the two electric conductive rings, are fixed to the housing and are electrically isolated, having no determined position around their elements in the ring.

As for the stator of the motor, it is determined by two electro-magnetic loops, one inside (11) and one outside (12), forming between them a propeller yoke inside which the shaft (2) and the rotor itself are located (1), so that in this position, the shaft, rotor and yoke are inserted into the housing ^~ conteπedOraT (5) whose inner wall will be adapted so that the two loops (11) and (12) are firmly embedded in said inner wall, and the shaft (2) of the rotor (1) perfectly fixed by means of the support bearings (3) that are attached to the closing caps (4) fixed conveniently to the housing (5), this being constituted in non-magnetic material and preferably thermo-conductive, for example, aluminum, with an outlet for the electrical connections.

The electro-magnetic loops (11) and (12) are constituted by two symmetrical sections (13), as can be seen in Figure 2, each of which is constituted by an insulated electrical conductor wire, which is wound in a rectangular format, well compacted, protected and consolidated, by a structural adhesive for mechanical and thermo-conductive reinforcements, sections (13) that are provided with extreme preforms (14) which, in the coupling with each other to form the assembly represented in the Figure 4 in which the rotor (1) with its shaft (2) will be housed, allow the passage of the shaft ends (2) precisely, that is, those extreme conformations or preforms (14) will determine the steps (15) for the shaft (2) of the rotor (1), also providing output for the electrical connections (16) to apply the electro-motor force.

As shown in Figure 4, with the loops (11) and (12) conveniently coupled together to house inside the rotor (1) with its axis (2), when the electric current circulates in the loop in the same direction magnetic poles are formed on their inner faces, with the same magnetic orientation, which causes most of the energy of the magnetic field produced by the electrical conductors of the loop to be transferred and conferred, or what is the same the stator, towards its interior space.

-In -the-two faces ^" i ^" ñtemas ^"" of that set formed by the loops

(11) and (12) there are two useful magnetic poles of the loop itself, which are applied directly on the magnetic poles of the rotor, located in said interior space of the loop, so that an electro-torque is generated magnetic motor

Figure 3 schematically depicts what is called direct application technology to generate the electro-magnetic motor torque, so that on the left side, referenced with A of Figure 3, a front cut of the rotor has been represented and the loop, where the orientation of the magnetic energy magnetized through the diameter in the rotor is represented by means of the arrow (17), forming the two poles with the axis (18) as the pivot point and the orientation of the energy magnetic loop represented by the arrows (19), which also represent the two polar inner faces of the loop. It can be seen in that figure 3A, that in the position shown the magnetic energy orientation of the rotor is not aligned with the magnetic energy orientation of the loop, which generates an electro-magnetic motor torque that acts in the direction of aligning both energies Magnetic in the same orientation.

In the figure on the right, that is, in 3B _5, the position of the rotor has rotated to align its magnetic energy in the same orientation as the magnetic energy of the loop, so that in this position of the rotor the electro-magnetic motor torque ceases , there is no electro-magnetic pair, both with the magnetic orientations aligned and being counter-aligned, that is, aligned but with the orientations in the opposite direction, one from the other.

Therefore, in a semi-cycle or electrical switching sequence in the loop, the electromagnetic torque of the motor comprises a

- rotor-rotation, -on-Ios - 120 °. ^"Then ERTE! ^Cycle" complete or two sequences electrical switching in the loop, the rotor rotates driven by the electro-magnetic torque over 240 °, so it is clear that for the rotor one full turn, powered by the electro-magnetic pair motor, it is necessary to use two loops with> half-cycles or electrical switching sequences that cover a rotor rotation of 90 ° each.

The electric switching cycle in the loop is divided into two half-cycles, in one of which the electric current circulates in a certain direction, 3 ^ in the other half-cycle the current circulates in the opposite direction, the switching being carried out in these half-cycles or sequences of alternately in the two loops to maintain the electro-magnetic motor torque throughout the rotor rotation.

The two repeated loops (11) and (12) form what has been called the propellant yoke, as the fundamental element of the engine described. .

Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the two loops (11) and

(12), as previously mentioned, so that the circumstances of the outer loop (12) being greater than the inner one, and that it is necessary to frame them both in their characteristics of the motor electromagnetic torque and in that of its electrical resistance means that the outer loop (12) will have more volume of electrical conductors, since it needs to compensate with more section of the electrical conductor wire, so this fact must be taken into account in the adaptation of the internal wall of the corresponding housing (5).

Finally, in Figure 5, the described motor itself is shown in cross-section, the rotor (1) with its N and S poles being seen, the axis (2), and its sections made, in interpolar areas, ^~ créañd ^" or ^~ two straight faces which, when rotating the rotor (1), gives rise to forced air ventilation.This figure also shows the arrangement of the inner loop (11) and the outer loop (12), as well as the enclosure (5), whose inner wall is they show the four conformations or gravure where the commented loops (11) and (12) are embedded. The position shown of the rotor (1) in this figure 5, corresponds to an electrical switching sequence in the inner loop (11), which is applying its electro-magnetic motor torque, acting on the rotor (1).

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S

I ^a .- Electric motor, comprising a fixed part or stator generating magnetic fields, a moving part or rotor with magnetic fields on which the magnetic fields of the stator are induced, and switching means to vary the direction of The electric current is characterized in that the stator in which the respective electric conductors of the motor are established, form a propellant yoke determined by an inner electro-magnetic loop (11) and an outer electromagnetic loop (12) crossed centrally and perpendicularly to each other. , to determine an interior space in which the corresponding rotor (1) with its axis (2) is positioned, whose rotation is propelled by the electromagnetic torque generated in the corresponding electrical switching that feeds the loops (11) and (12 ) constituting the propellant yoke, each loop (11) and (12) being formed by two symmetrical sections (13) in a rectangular format, among which two steps (15) for the shaft (2) of the rotor (1) are extremely established, each of said sections (13) including an insulated electrical conductor wire and a compacted winding and stmcturally consolidated in the rectangular format; with the particularity that the assembly formed by the propellant yoke (11-12) and the rotor (1) with its axis (2), are located in a container housing (5) with end caps (4) of hermetic closure.

2 .- Electric motor according to claim Ia, wherein the shaft (2) of the rotor (1) apo} 'to on corresponding bearings (3) provided in the end caps (4) of the housing (5) in the that the whole is housed, as such. r-otor - (- l -) - eon - el-yugσ ^" propüTsδf ^" formed by loops (11) and (12).

3 .- Electric motor according to previous claims, characterized in that at the end considered as rear of the shaft (2) of the rotor (1), which emerges through the respective rear cover (4), there is mounted an electric switching disc (6), of non-magnetic material, carrier of a permanent magnet (7) intended to activate, by confrontation and alternatively, four sensors (8) provided in a printed circuit (9) fixed on the back cover (4); the sensors (8) being provided to be angularly equidistant on the facing side of the printed circuit (9) to the disk (6), while the corresponding electronic components are mounted on the opposite side to establish the electrical switching.

4 ^a . - Electric motor, according to previous claims, characterized in that the rotor (1) comprises two magnetic poles N and S, with orientation through the diameter, the rotation of such rotor (1) being carried out by means of the electromagnetic motor torque generated by the electrical switching that feeds the electromagnetic loops (11) and (12).

5 ^a . - Electric motor, according to previous claims, characterized in that the electrical switching optionally is capable of being carried out by sliding electrical contacts based on a ring of electrical insulating material coupled in solidarity with the shaft (2) of the rotor (1), whose ring is a carrier of three elements, two of them formed by two rings of electrical conductive material, in which they contact two electric brushes, one in each ring, forming the input of the power supply, while the third element is formed by two ring segments of conductive material electric, on which they contact four electric brushes that. formanJa out-of-la- ^~ -eonmiatacτón eléclrica ^"Paf feed electromagnetic loops (11) and (12), having previsto- that the two ring segments and the four brushes are located in suitable positions for controlling the switching electric