WO2006047812A1 - Water treatment - Google Patents

Water treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006047812A1
WO2006047812A1 PCT/AU2005/001549 AU2005001549W WO2006047812A1 WO 2006047812 A1 WO2006047812 A1 WO 2006047812A1 AU 2005001549 W AU2005001549 W AU 2005001549W WO 2006047812 A1 WO2006047812 A1 WO 2006047812A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aluminum silicate
hydrated
calcium
sodium
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/001549
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Neil Tumbers
Original Assignee
Hurstwell Pty Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004906399A external-priority patent/AU2004906399A0/en
Application filed by Hurstwell Pty Limited filed Critical Hurstwell Pty Limited
Priority to AU2005301083A priority Critical patent/AU2005301083B2/en
Publication of WO2006047812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006047812A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for treating water.
  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating grey water to render it suitable for reuse, such as in irrigation.
  • the water treatment system is also suited for use in the treatment of black water (sewerage).
  • Water used in household is generally disposed of through a sewerage system. No distinction is generally made between grey water and black water. This, in addition with the increased water usage has placed demands on municipal sewerage systems. The cost of building additional sewage facilities is high and it is desired to reduce the volume of water requiring processing through the sewerage system. Accordingly there is a push by government to reduce the volume of water processed by the sewerage systems.
  • the treatment of grey water for reuse has been proposed and there are a number of systems that attempt to process grey water to render it suitable for reuse.
  • This water typically contains soap and material washed from a person's body.
  • Laundry washing machines expel water that typically contains detergent and dirt.
  • Rain water from gutters is also classified as grey water and generally may contain dirt, leaves, twigs and other pollutants.
  • the treatment of water has taken a variety of forms including filtration and chemical sanitisation, ozone treatment, and UV radiation.
  • Filtration and chemical sanitisation presents a number of challenges and is also potentially contraindicated because the chemicals used may be undesirable due to either their environmental cost in manufacture or as a result of the residues left in the treated water after sanitisation. Filtration and chemical sanitisation also needs to reduce the quantity of detergents, phosphates and other contaminants in the grey water. Ozone treatment and UV radiation generally have a high energy cost which mitigates against some of the advantages sort by the treatment of grey water. We have now found a system for the treatment of water that overcomes or ameliorates some of the difficulties referred to above or provides a useful or commercial choice.
  • a method for treating water comprising the steps of: (a) filtering the water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and (b) sanitising the water with an essential oil.
  • a water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the water with an essential oil.
  • the filtering and santising of the water maybe conducted in any convenient order.
  • the filtration step may be separated into primary, secondary and tertiary filtration steps, with the sanitising step being able to be conducted before, during or after the filtration.
  • the primary media is selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof. It is preferred that the primary media consists of zeolite or comprises a substantial proportion of zeolite.
  • Zeolite is a type of silicate mineral. Zeolites are alumino-silicates with a framework that allows them to exchange cations. Zeolites themselves are often used to soften water by cation exchange and as such found in a number of laundry products.
  • the zeolites from laundry product present in grey water may be captured by the filter and used to aide in the filtration process.
  • Zeolites have a structural framework of silicates consisting of interlocking tetrahedrons of SiO4 and A1O4.
  • Zeolites have a ratio (Si +A1)/O equal to 1/2.
  • the alumino- silicate structure of zeolites is negatively charged and this attracts positive cations that can be captured within the negatively charged aluminosilicate frames.
  • These large vacant spaces or cages in their structures allow space for large cations such as sodium, potassium, barium and calcium and even relatively large molecules and cation groups such as water, ammonia, carbonate ions and nitrate ions.
  • Some zeolites have spaces that are interconnected and form long wide channels of varying sizes. These channels allow the easy movement of the resident ions and molecules into and out of the structure.
  • the ion exchange properties of zeolites make them particularly suited for filtering of grey water because of their additional abilities in odour removal and gas absorption.
  • Zeolites include a number of separately identifiable minerals and include: the Analcime family, Analcime (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Pollucite (Hydrated Cesium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), and Wairakite (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bellbergite (Hydrated Potassium Barium Strontium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bikitaite (Hydrated Lithium Aluminum Silicate); Boggsite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Brewsterite (Hydrated Strontium Barium Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Chabazite family, Chabazite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate) and Willhendersonite (Hydrated Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Cowlesite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Verbiardite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); Edingtonite (Hydrated Barium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Epistilbite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Er
  • Other minerals having similar structures to zeolites may also be used as the primary media. These include the phosphates: kehoeite, pahasapaite and tiptopite; and the silicates: hsianghualite, lovdarite, viseite, partheite, prehnite, roggianite, apophyllite, gyrolite, maricopaite, okenite, tacharanite and tobermorite.
  • Alternative primary media may other inorganic minerals such as clays. The clay minerals are a part of a general group within the phyllosilicates that contain large percentages of water trapped between the silicate sheets.
  • Secondary media is selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials. Carbonaceous materials include a wide variety of materials. Preferred carbonaceous materials include charcoal and activated charcoal. Other suitable secondary media include composted pelletised mulch. It is preferred that the composted pelletised mulch be composted pelletised mulch from essential oil producing plants. Particularly preferred composted pelletised mulch may be derived from tea trees and is a by-product of the production of tea tree oil. Coconut peat or coir may also be used as a secondary media for the filtration.
  • Tertiary media is selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials.
  • Preferred calcium containing materials include shells of crustaceans and shellfish. It is particularly preferred that the tertiary media includes crushed oyster shells. Crushed shells from other shellfish may also conveniently be used, as can the crushed shell of crustaceans. The crushed bones and shells of other marine and land animals may also be used.
  • the filter medium may include the primary, secondary and tertiary media in a variety of proportions depending on the application.
  • the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
  • the essential oil is a water-immiscible material typically produced by steam distillation from some plant material such as flowers, leaves, stems, or roots, depending on the plant. Examples of essential oils are obtained from plants and especially from Australian native plants. Suitable essential oils can be obtained from the following plant species:
  • Essential oils can also be obtained from plants having a fleshy stem which can be crushed to produce a juice having sanitising properties.
  • the juice may be used as crushed or typically is allowed to ferment before use.
  • a method of treating grey water for reuse comprising the steps of:
  • a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and
  • a grey water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
  • grey water treated in accordance with the present invention is substantially free of the contaminants the generally afflict grey water and limit its reuse, including those contaminants described above. It will be understood that by the term “substantially free of contaminants” it is meant that the treated grey water may be reused for applications such as irrigation.
  • the selection of natural products for the filter medium and the use of essential oils in the sanitisation of the filtered grey water provide an environmentally friendly treatment for grey water.
  • the filter medium may include primary, secondary and tertiary media in different proportions.
  • Grey water from different households or locations may vary in its composition and accordingly it may be desirably to select the proportions of the respective media to optimise the treatment of the grey water.
  • Our preferred composition of the filter medium is 40% primary media, 40% secondary media and 20% tertiary media.
  • Preferred ranges of primary media are from 10% to 80%, 20% to 60% and 30% to 50%.
  • Preferred ranges of secondary media are from 20% to 60% and 30% to 50%.
  • Preferred ranges of tertiary media are from 5% to 40%, 10% to 30% and 15% to 25%.
  • the filter houses the filter medium.
  • the filter may separate the respective media in separate and isolated compartments whereby grey water is sequentially passed through the respective media.
  • the filter may house the respective media in a single chamber.
  • the sanitiser may preferably be in the form of a pump that injects a sanitising amount of an essential oil from a reservoir into filtered grey water.
  • a pump that injects a sanitising amount of an essential oil from a reservoir into filtered grey water.
  • the essential oil injected into a steam of filtered grey water as it is pumped from the filter to a storage reservoir or from one storage reservoir to another.
  • a grey water treatment apparatus comprising a skimmer box for collection of the grey water and removal of gross contaminants, a filter, a first storage reservoir, a pump for transferring filtered grey water from the first storage reservoir, and a second storage reservoir for receiving filtered grey water pumped from the first storage reservoir
  • the pump includes a sanitiser
  • the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
  • the pump may also be used advantageously to pump a proportion of filtered and sanitised grey water through the filter to sanitize any residual contaminants retained in the filter.
  • a fertiliser or other irrigation supplements may be added to the treated grey water by the pump.
  • the water treatment process of the present invention may also be used to treat water produced as a by-product from a variety of other applications. For example, in oyster farming applications, water is produced that may be high in nitrates and phosphates. We have found that the process of the present invention is particularly suited for the treatment of oyster waste in which process, we have found it possible to reduce the level of nitrates, phosphates and pathogens down to environmentally acceptable levels. We have found that the process for treating oyster waste is substantially the same as that for treating grey water described above.
  • the process of the present invention may also be used in the treatment of black water, hi many areas sceptic tanks or other sewerage treatment systems are used.
  • the treatment of water run off to reduce pathogens as well as nitrates and phosphates is essential for the sustainable use of such systems whereby these nutrients and pathogens may be minimised in the environment.
  • the use of sewerage treatment systems such as Wisconsin Mounds result in run off water that may pollute the environment with additional nutrients and pathogens.
  • a process for the treatment of black water comprising the steps of sanitising the black water with an essential oil; Filtering the sanitised black water through a filter medium comprising a media selected from the group consisting of zeolites, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing minerals.
  • the filter medium includes a layered structure having layers of primary, secondary and tertiary media. More preferably, the filter medium comprises a layer of secondary media, preferably coconut coir, a layer of a primary media, preferably fine (2 to 3mm) zeolite, a layer of secondary media, preferably coconut coir, a layer of primary media, preferably course zeolite (gravel size), and a layer of tertiary media, preferably crushed shell.
  • a layer of secondary media preferably coconut coir
  • a layer of a primary media preferably fine (2 to 3mm) zeolite
  • a layer of secondary media preferably coconut coir
  • a layer of primary media preferably course zeolite (gravel size)
  • a layer of tertiary media preferably crushed shell.
  • any black water run off is subsequently treated through a filter media comprising a primary and a tertiary media, the run off from which passes through at least one additional filter comprising a primary and a secondary media.
  • a filter comprising a flexible sock being water permeable filled with a filter medium comprising a primary maxims selected from the group consisting of zeolites, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonatious materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing minerals.
  • the filter media comprises zeolite, coconut coir and crushed shell.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram.
  • the grey water is typically gravity fed into a skimmer box to remove any gross contaminants from the grey water.
  • the grey water is continued to be gravity fed into a filter the employs the head of pressure form the gravity feed to urge the grey water through the filter.
  • the filter contains 40% zeolite, 40% charcoal and 20% crushed oyster shells.
  • the filtered water is the gravity fed into a first storage reservoir.
  • a pump doses the filtered grey water as it is pumped into a second storage reservoir.
  • additional supplements such as fertilisers may be added to the filtered grey water.
  • the second storage reservoir is preferably located such that gravity feed may be employed to irrigate using the treated grey water.
  • Figure 2 shows a water treatment process which is used to treat water from a sewerage system 10.
  • Alternative sources of water to be treated may include water from commercial oyster farming operations or other sources of water that maybe high in nitrates, phosphates and pathogens.
  • the filter 11 is a five layered filter and includes a first layer of coconut coir. Below the coconut coir is a second layer of zeolite. The zeolite is about 2 to 3mm in particle size. Below the second layer is a third layer of coconut coir. Below the third layer is a fourth layer of zeolite of gravel size, typically from 5 to 10mm. The fifth layer is of crushed shell.
  • the water from the sewerage system 10 is treated with tea tree oil from a tea tree oil supply 14.
  • the filtered sewerage from the filter 11 is passed to a secondary filter bed that may receive filtered and sanitised sewerage from multiple sources.
  • the secondary filter includes zeolite and crushed shell. Run off from the secondary filter is passed through a series of permeable buns that enclose a filter medium of zeolite and coconut coir.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A method for treating water comprising the steps of: (a) filtering the water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and (b) sanitising the water with an essential oil.

Description

WATER TREATMENT
The present invention relates to a system for treating water. In particular, the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating grey water to render it suitable for reuse, such as in irrigation. In addition, the water treatment system is also suited for use in the treatment of black water (sewerage).
BACKGROUND
The usage of potable water has increased substantially over recent years. Household appliances are increasing in usage and with that increased usage there is a corresponding increase in the usage of potable water. Also, increasing populations as well as increasing concentration of people in cities has placed greater demands on the water supplies.
Water used in household is generally disposed of through a sewerage system. No distinction is generally made between grey water and black water. This, in addition with the increased water usage has placed demands on municipal sewerage systems. The cost of building additional sewage facilities is high and it is desired to reduce the volume of water requiring processing through the sewerage system. Accordingly there is a push by government to reduce the volume of water processed by the sewerage systems. The treatment of grey water for reuse has been proposed and there are a number of systems that attempt to process grey water to render it suitable for reuse.
Severe shortages of fresh potable water are also affecting many areas of Australia and also the world. These water shortages are leading to restrictions on water usage that limits the use of potable in many applications such as for such non-essential needs including washing vehicles, watering lawns and gardens, and filthy swimming pools. Grey water generally is collected from bathroom sinks, baths, and showers.
This water typically contains soap and material washed from a person's body. Laundry washing machines expel water that typically contains detergent and dirt. Rain water from gutters is also classified as grey water and generally may contain dirt, leaves, twigs and other pollutants. There is a desire for a water treatment system that would permit the efficient and convenient treatment of grey water in the proximity of the household so that the grey water can be recycled for use around the household such as for non-potable applications. The treatment of water has taken a variety of forms including filtration and chemical sanitisation, ozone treatment, and UV radiation. Filtration and chemical sanitisation presents a number of challenges and is also potentially contraindicated because the chemicals used may be undesirable due to either their environmental cost in manufacture or as a result of the residues left in the treated water after sanitisation. Filtration and chemical sanitisation also needs to reduce the quantity of detergents, phosphates and other contaminants in the grey water. Ozone treatment and UV radiation generally have a high energy cost which mitigates against some of the advantages sort by the treatment of grey water. We have now found a system for the treatment of water that overcomes or ameliorates some of the difficulties referred to above or provides a useful or commercial choice.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for treating water comprising the steps of: (a) filtering the water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and (b) sanitising the water with an essential oil. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the water with an essential oil.
In the first and second aspects of the present invention the filtering and santising of the water maybe conducted in any convenient order. For example, the filtration step may be separated into primary, secondary and tertiary filtration steps, with the sanitising step being able to be conducted before, during or after the filtration. The primary media is selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof. It is preferred that the primary media consists of zeolite or comprises a substantial proportion of zeolite. Zeolite is a type of silicate mineral. Zeolites are alumino-silicates with a framework that allows them to exchange cations. Zeolites themselves are often used to soften water by cation exchange and as such found in a number of laundry products. Advantageously the zeolites from laundry product present in grey water may be captured by the filter and used to aide in the filtration process. Zeolites have a structural framework of silicates consisting of interlocking tetrahedrons of SiO4 and A1O4. Zeolites have a ratio (Si +A1)/O equal to 1/2. The alumino- silicate structure of zeolites is negatively charged and this attracts positive cations that can be captured within the negatively charged aluminosilicate frames. These large vacant spaces or cages in their structures allow space for large cations such as sodium, potassium, barium and calcium and even relatively large molecules and cation groups such as water, ammonia, carbonate ions and nitrate ions. Some zeolites have spaces that are interconnected and form long wide channels of varying sizes. These channels allow the easy movement of the resident ions and molecules into and out of the structure. The ion exchange properties of zeolites make them particularly suited for filtering of grey water because of their additional abilities in odour removal and gas absorption.
Zeolites include a number of separately identifiable minerals and include: the Analcime family, Analcime (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Pollucite (Hydrated Cesium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), and Wairakite (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bellbergite (Hydrated Potassium Barium Strontium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bikitaite (Hydrated Lithium Aluminum Silicate); Boggsite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Brewsterite (Hydrated Strontium Barium Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Chabazite family, Chabazite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate) and Willhendersonite (Hydrated Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Cowlesite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Dachiardite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); Edingtonite (Hydrated Barium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Epistilbite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Erionite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Faujasite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum Silicate); Ferrierite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Gismondine Family, Amicite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Garronite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Gismondine (Hydrated Barium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Gobbinsite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Gmelinite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Gonnardite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium - A -
Aluminurn Silicate); Goosecreekite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Harmotome Family, Harmotome (Hydrated Barium Potassium Aluminum Silicate), Phillipsite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Wellsite (Hydrated Barium Calcium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); the Heulandite Family, Clinoptilolite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Heulandite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Laumontite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Levyne (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); Mazzite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Magnesium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Merlinoite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Barium Aluminum Silicate); Montesommaite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Mordenite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Natrolite Family, Mesolite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Natrolite (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Scolecite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Offretite (Hydrated Calcium Potassium Magnesium Aluminum Silicate); Paranatrolite (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Paulingite (Hydrated Potassium Calcium Sodium Barium Aluminum Silicate); Perlialite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Strontium Aluminum Silicate); the Stilbite Family, Barrerite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Stilbite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Stellerite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Thomsonite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Tschernichite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); and Yugawaralite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate).
Other minerals having similar structures to zeolites may also be used as the primary media. These include the phosphates: kehoeite, pahasapaite and tiptopite; and the silicates: hsianghualite, lovdarite, viseite, partheite, prehnite, roggianite, apophyllite, gyrolite, maricopaite, okenite, tacharanite and tobermorite. Alternative primary media may other inorganic minerals such as clays. The clay minerals are a part of a general group within the phyllosilicates that contain large percentages of water trapped between the silicate sheets. Most clays are chemically and structurally analogous to other phyllosilicates but contain varying amounts of water and allow substitution of their cations. Pearlite may also be used. Secondary media is selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials. Carbonaceous materials include a wide variety of materials. Preferred carbonaceous materials include charcoal and activated charcoal. Other suitable secondary media include composted pelletised mulch. It is preferred that the composted pelletised mulch be composted pelletised mulch from essential oil producing plants. Particularly preferred composted pelletised mulch may be derived from tea trees and is a by-product of the production of tea tree oil. Coconut peat or coir may also be used as a secondary media for the filtration.
Tertiary media is selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials. Preferred calcium containing materials include shells of crustaceans and shellfish. It is particularly preferred that the tertiary media includes crushed oyster shells. Crushed shells from other shellfish may also conveniently be used, as can the crushed shell of crustaceans. The crushed bones and shells of other marine and land animals may also be used.
The filter medium may include the primary, secondary and tertiary media in a variety of proportions depending on the application.
The sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil. The essential oil is a water-immiscible material typically produced by steam distillation from some plant material such as flowers, leaves, stems, or roots, depending on the plant. Examples of essential oils are obtained from plants and especially from Australian native plants. Suitable essential oils can be obtained from the following plant species:
Botanical Name Common Name Eucalyptus polybractea Eucalyptus blue malee (Australian)
E. rad v. australiana/dives "O° Eucalyptus radiata (Australian)
Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus, lemon scented
Halichrysum italicum Everlast/immortelle
Foeniculum vulgare v. dulce Fennel sweet Boswellia carterli Frankincense
Ferula galbanilflua Galbanum
Pelargonium roseum Geranium
Zingiber officinale Ginger
Citrus paradise Grapefruit Gualacum officinale Gualaowood
Jasminum officinale Jasmin absolute
Hlerochloe alpina Hay absolute Juniperus communis Juniper berry
Lavandula hybrida Lavandin
Lavandula offcinalis/angustifolia Lavender Mont Blane
Lavandula officinalis/angustifolia Lavender Tasmanian
Lavandula spica Lavender spike
Citrus Ilmonum Lemon
Cymbopogon citrates Lemongrass
Citrus medioa Lime
Litsea cubeba Litsea
Citrus nobilisldellciosa Mandarin
Citrus aurantium dulce Orange sweet
Cymbopagan martini Palmarosa
Petroselinum crispum Parsley herb
Pogostermon patchouli Patchouli
Piper negrum Pepper black
Mientha piperita officinalis Peppermint (Australian)
Mientha piperita officinatis Peppermint (Italian)
Citrus aurantium (leaves) Patltgrain
Pinus sylvesins Pine
Rosa damascena Rose absolute
Rosmarinue officinalis Rosemary
Aniba rosaedora Rosewood
Salvia officinalis Sage (Dalmation)
Santalum album Sandalwood
Mentha sploata Spearmint (Australian)
Tagetes patula Tagetes
Citrus reticulata Tangarine
Mei-l-terpinen-4-ol type Tea tree (Australian)
Terebinth From resin of various pines
Thymus vulgaris Thyme (Red)
Polyanthes tuberosa Tuberose Absolute
Andropogon muricatua Veliver Viola Odorata Violet leaf absolute
Cananga odorata genuina Yian yian bourbon extra
Azadiredta indica Neem
Backansia Citriodora Lemon Scented Myrtle
Essential oils can also be obtained from plants having a fleshy stem which can be crushed to produce a juice having sanitising properties. The juice may be used as crushed or typically is allowed to ferment before use.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating grey water for reuse comprising the steps of:
(a) filtering the grey water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and
(b) sanitising the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a grey water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
We have found that grey water treated in accordance with the present invention is substantially free of the contaminants the generally afflict grey water and limit its reuse, including those contaminants described above. It will be understood that by the term "substantially free of contaminants" it is meant that the treated grey water may be reused for applications such as irrigation. The selection of natural products for the filter medium and the use of essential oils in the sanitisation of the filtered grey water provide an environmentally friendly treatment for grey water.
In the treatment of grey water, the filter medium may include primary, secondary and tertiary media in different proportions. Grey water from different households or locations may vary in its composition and accordingly it may be desirably to select the proportions of the respective media to optimise the treatment of the grey water. Our preferred composition of the filter medium is 40% primary media, 40% secondary media and 20% tertiary media. Preferred ranges of primary media are from 10% to 80%, 20% to 60% and 30% to 50%. Preferred ranges of secondary media are from 20% to 60% and 30% to 50%. Preferred ranges of tertiary media are from 5% to 40%, 10% to 30% and 15% to 25%.
The filter houses the filter medium. The filter may separate the respective media in separate and isolated compartments whereby grey water is sequentially passed through the respective media. Alternatively the filter may house the respective media in a single chamber.
The sanitiser may preferably be in the form of a pump that injects a sanitising amount of an essential oil from a reservoir into filtered grey water. In a continuous process the essential oil injected into a steam of filtered grey water as it is pumped from the filter to a storage reservoir or from one storage reservoir to another. hi a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention there is provided a grey water treatment apparatus comprising a skimmer box for collection of the grey water and removal of gross contaminants, a filter, a first storage reservoir, a pump for transferring filtered grey water from the first storage reservoir, and a second storage reservoir for receiving filtered grey water pumped from the first storage reservoir wherein the pump includes a sanitiser, the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
The pump may also be used advantageously to pump a proportion of filtered and sanitised grey water through the filter to sanitize any residual contaminants retained in the filter. Optionally a fertiliser or other irrigation supplements may be added to the treated grey water by the pump. The water treatment process of the present invention may also be used to treat water produced as a by-product from a variety of other applications. For example, in oyster farming applications, water is produced that may be high in nitrates and phosphates. We have found that the process of the present invention is particularly suited for the treatment of oyster waste in which process, we have found it possible to reduce the level of nitrates, phosphates and pathogens down to environmentally acceptable levels. We have found that the process for treating oyster waste is substantially the same as that for treating grey water described above.
In addition, the process of the present invention may also be used in the treatment of black water, hi many areas sceptic tanks or other sewerage treatment systems are used. The treatment of water run off to reduce pathogens as well as nitrates and phosphates is essential for the sustainable use of such systems whereby these nutrients and pathogens may be minimised in the environment. The use of sewerage treatment systems such as Wisconsin Mounds result in run off water that may pollute the environment with additional nutrients and pathogens. In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for the treatment of black water comprising the steps of sanitising the black water with an essential oil; Filtering the sanitised black water through a filter medium comprising a media selected from the group consisting of zeolites, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing minerals.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the filter medium includes a layered structure having layers of primary, secondary and tertiary media. More preferably, the filter medium comprises a layer of secondary media, preferably coconut coir, a layer of a primary media, preferably fine (2 to 3mm) zeolite, a layer of secondary media, preferably coconut coir, a layer of primary media, preferably course zeolite (gravel size), and a layer of tertiary media, preferably crushed shell. hi addition to the treatment of black water through the process described above, it may be desirable to further treat any run off through additional filtration media. It is preferred that any black water run off is subsequently treated through a filter media comprising a primary and a tertiary media, the run off from which passes through at least one additional filter comprising a primary and a secondary media. hi another aspect of the present invention there is provided a filter comprising a flexible sock being water permeable filled with a filter medium comprising a primary medius selected from the group consisting of zeolites, clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonatious materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing minerals.
Preferably the filter media comprises zeolite, coconut coir and crushed shell.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing that serves to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention disclosed.
Figure 1 is a process flow diagram. Grey water collected from a household or other building or grey water generating location. The grey water is typically gravity fed into a skimmer box to remove any gross contaminants from the grey water. The grey water is continued to be gravity fed into a filter the employs the head of pressure form the gravity feed to urge the grey water through the filter. The filter contains 40% zeolite, 40% charcoal and 20% crushed oyster shells. The filtered water is the gravity fed into a first storage reservoir. A pump doses the filtered grey water as it is pumped into a second storage reservoir. Optionally additional supplements such as fertilisers may be added to the filtered grey water. The second storage reservoir is preferably located such that gravity feed may be employed to irrigate using the treated grey water.
Figure 2 shows a water treatment process which is used to treat water from a sewerage system 10. Alternative sources of water to be treated may include water from commercial oyster farming operations or other sources of water that maybe high in nitrates, phosphates and pathogens.
Water from the sewerage system 10 flows into the filter 11. The filter 11 is a five layered filter and includes a first layer of coconut coir. Below the coconut coir is a second layer of zeolite. The zeolite is about 2 to 3mm in particle size. Below the second layer is a third layer of coconut coir. Below the third layer is a fourth layer of zeolite of gravel size, typically from 5 to 10mm. The fifth layer is of crushed shell.
Prior to filtration, the water from the sewerage system 10 is treated with tea tree oil from a tea tree oil supply 14.
The filtered sewerage from the filter 11 is passed to a secondary filter bed that may receive filtered and sanitised sewerage from multiple sources. The secondary filter includes zeolite and crushed shell. Run off from the secondary filter is passed through a series of permeable buns that enclose a filter medium of zeolite and coconut coir.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described above may be subject to improvements and modifications that will be apparent without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described herein.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for treating water comprising the steps of:
(a) filtering the water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and
(b) sanitising the water with an essential oil.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the primary media consists of zeolite or comprises a substantial proportion of zeolite.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the primary media is selected from the group consisting of the Analcime family, Analcime (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Pollucite (Hydrated Cesium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), and Wairakite (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bellbergite (Hydrated Potassium Barium Strontium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Bikitaite (Hydrated Lithium Aluminum Silicate); Boggsite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Brewsterite (Hydrated Strontium Barium Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Chabazite family, Chabazite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate) and Willhendersonite (Hydrated Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Cowlesite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Dachiardite (Hydrated calcium Sodium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); Edingtonite (Hydrated Barium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Epistilbite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Erionite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Faujasite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum Silicate); Ferrierite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Gismondine Family, Amicite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Garronite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Gismondine (Hydrated Barium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Gobbinsite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Gmelinite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Gonnardite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Goosecreekite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Harmotome Family, Harmotome (Hydrated Barium Potassium Aluminum Silicate), Phillipsite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Wellsite (Hydrated Barium Calcium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); the Heulandite Family, Clinoptilolite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Heulandite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Laumontite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Levyne (Hydrated Calcium Sodium Potassium Aluminum Silicate); Mazzite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Magnesium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Merlinoite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Barium Aluminum Silicate); Montesommaite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Mordenite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); the Natrolite Family, Mesolite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Natrolite (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Scolecite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Offretite (Hydrated Calcium Potassium Magnesium Aluminum Silicate); Paranatrolite (Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate); Paulingite (Hydrated Potassium Calcium Sodium Barium Aluminum Silicate); Perlialite (Hydrated Potassium Sodium Calcium Strontium Aluminum Silicate); the Stilbite Family, Barrerite (Hydrated Sodium Potassium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), Stilbite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Stellerite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Thomsonite (Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate); Tschernichite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate); and Yugawaralite (Hydrated Calcium Aluminum Silicate).
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the carbonaceous materials include charcoal and activated charcoal.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the secondary media includes composted pelletised mulch.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the secondary media includes coconut coir.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the tertiary media includes crushed shells of crustaceans and shellfish.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the essential oil is obtained from a plant of a species selected from the group consisting of: Botanical Name Common Name
Eucalyptus polybractea Eucalyptus blue malee (Australian)
E. rad v. australiana/dives "0° Eucalyptus radiata (Australian)
Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus, lemon scented
Halichrysum italicum Everlast/immortelle
Foeniculum vulgare v. dulce Fennel sweet
Boswellia carterli Frankincense
Ferula galbanilflua Galbanum
Pelargonium roseum Geranium
Zingiber officinale Ginger
Citrus paradise Grapefruit
Gualacum officinale Gualaowood
Jasminum officinale Jasmin absolute
Hlerochloe alpina Hay absolute
Juniperus communis Juniper berry
Lavandula hybrida Lavandin
Lavandula offcinalis/angustifolia Lavender Mont Blane
Lavandula officinalis/angustifolia Lavender Tasmanian
Lavandula spica Lavender spike
Citrus Hmonum Lemon
Cymbopogon citrates Lemongrass
Citrus medioa Lime
Litsea cubeba Litsea
Citrus nobilisldellciosa Mandarin
Citrus aurantium dulce Orange sweet
Cymbopagan martini Palmarosa
Petroselinum crispum Parsley herb
Pogostermon patchouli Patchouli
Piper negrum Pepper black
Mientha piperita officinalis Peppermint (Australian)
Mientha piperita officinatis Peppermint (Italian) Citrus aurantium (leaves) Patltgrain Pinus sylvesins Pine Rosa damascena Rose absolute Rosmarinue officinalis Rosemary Aniba rosaedora Rosewood Salvia officinalis Sage (Dalmation) Santalum album Sandalwood Mentha sploata Spearmint (Australian) Tagetes patula Tagetes Citrus reticulata Tangarine Mei-l-terpinen-4-ol type Tea tree (Australian) Terebinth From resin of various pines Thymus vulgaris Thyme (Red) Polyanthes tuberosa Tuberose Absolute Andropogon muricatua Veliver Viola Odorata Violet leaf absolute Cananga odorata genuina Yian yian bourbon extra Azadiredta indica Neem Backansia Citriodora Lemon Scented Myrtle
9. A water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolites and clays and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the water with an essential oil.
10. A method of treating grey water for reuse comprising the steps of:
(a) filtering the grey water through a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials; and
(b) sanitising the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
11. A grey water treatment apparatus comprising a filter and a sanitiser wherein the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
12. In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention there is provided a grey water treatment apparatus comprising a skimmer box for collection of the grey water and removal of gross contaminants, a filter, a first storage reservoir, a pump for transferring filtered grey water from the first storage reservoir, and a second storage reservoir for receiving filtered grey water pumped from the first storage reservoir wherein the pump includes a sanitiser, the filter includes a filter medium comprising a primary media selected from the group consisting of zeolite, clays, composted pelletised mulch and combinations thereof, a secondary media selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials and a tertiary media selected from the group consisting of inorganic calcium containing materials and wherein the sanitiser treats the filtered grey water with an essential oil.
PCT/AU2005/001549 2004-11-08 2005-10-07 Water treatment WO2006047812A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101560018B (en) * 2009-05-25 2011-06-15 南京师范大学 Method for bioremediating waste water containing copper by common dayflower
CN113277647A (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-08-20 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Burette processing apparatus in domestic sewage recharge farmland

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JP2001219184A (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-14 Akira Oura River water cleaning apparatus
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JPH01281193A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-11-13 Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd Water purifying agent
JP2001219184A (en) * 2000-02-10 2001-08-14 Akira Oura River water cleaning apparatus
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101560018B (en) * 2009-05-25 2011-06-15 南京师范大学 Method for bioremediating waste water containing copper by common dayflower
CN113277647A (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-08-20 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Burette processing apparatus in domestic sewage recharge farmland
CN113277647B (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-10-01 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Burette processing apparatus in domestic sewage recharge farmland

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