WO2006045512A1 - Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride - Google Patents

Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006045512A1
WO2006045512A1 PCT/EP2005/011249 EP2005011249W WO2006045512A1 WO 2006045512 A1 WO2006045512 A1 WO 2006045512A1 EP 2005011249 W EP2005011249 W EP 2005011249W WO 2006045512 A1 WO2006045512 A1 WO 2006045512A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
excipients
donepezil hydrochloride
composition
composition according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/011249
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Miha Vrbinc
Berta Kotar-Jordan
Rok Zupet
Matej Smrkolj
Original Assignee
Krka, Tovarna Zdravil
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to EP05795965A priority Critical patent/EP1811957B1/en
Priority to JP2007537202A priority patent/JP2008517022A/en
Priority to CA2584547A priority patent/CA2584547C/en
Priority to US11/577,414 priority patent/US20090130205A9/en
Priority to DK05795965T priority patent/DK1811957T3/en
Priority to DE602005011326T priority patent/DE602005011326D1/en
Application filed by Krka, Tovarna Zdravil filed Critical Krka, Tovarna Zdravil
Priority to EA200700673A priority patent/EA012220B1/en
Priority to PL05795965T priority patent/PL1811957T3/en
Publication of WO2006045512A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006045512A1/en
Priority to NO20072494A priority patent/NO20072494L/en
Priority to ZA2007/04023A priority patent/ZA200704023B/en
Priority to HR20090104T priority patent/HRP20090104T3/en
Priority to US12/690,498 priority patent/US20100317694A1/en
Priority to US13/346,931 priority patent/US20120283291A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms or by two oxygen or sulfur atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
    • C07D211/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms or by two oxygen or sulfur atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom by oxygen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2866—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Definitions

  • Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochlorride
  • the invention relates to a solid! pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride and a process for its preparation.
  • Donepezil hydrochloride, polymorph-ic forms thereof and pharma ⁇ ceutical compositions comprising donepezil hydrochloride are known.
  • WO 97/46527 describes a method for the preparation of the polymorphic forms I to V and of the amorphous form of do- nepezil hydrochloride.
  • the polymorphs are characterised by characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray difZfraction pattern and wave numbers (cm "1 ) of infrared absorption spectra in po ⁇ tassium bromide.
  • Different methods for producd_ng the form I of donepezil hydrochloride are described.
  • no specific solid pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed, let alone data on the stability of donepezil hydrochloride, either in the amorphous or in the different crystal forms, when incorpo ⁇ rated in such a composition.
  • EP-A-I 086 706 discloses compositions of donepezil which have been stabilised against the effect of light and heat by the addition of an organic acid. It is also shown by examples that the use of organic acids results, after stor/ing the composi ⁇ tion at elevated temperatures, in the product ⁇ on of less impu ⁇ rities in comparison to the use of hydrochloric acid.
  • EP-A-I 378 238 describes pharmaceutical compositions which comprise donepezil hydrochloride in amorphous form. It is fur ⁇ ther discussed in this document that it is not an easy task to reproducibly prepare compositions including the desired poly ⁇ morphic form of donepezil hydrochloride since it is showing polymorphism and since similar procedures "may nevertheless lead to different crystalline forms.
  • the prior art does not deal with the problem of avoiding a conversion of the polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochlo ⁇ ride when processing it to the desired solid composition.
  • the prior art also does not address the problem of sta ⁇ bilising the polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochloride dur ⁇ ing the shelf-life of a corresponding solid composition.
  • the solid pharmaceutical composition according to the inven ⁇ tion comprises donepezil hydrochloride and excipients, and has a water content of 3 to 10 %, preferably 4 to 7 % and more preferably 5 to 6 % by weight as determined by Karl Fischer (test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a Karl Fischer titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) .
  • the donepezil hy ⁇ drochloride is used in form of a hydrate, preferably in the form of the monohydrate.
  • the donepezil hydrochloride is present in the composi ⁇ tions of the invention in crystalline form. More preferably the donepe ⁇ zil hydrochloride is present in one of various polymorphic forms, in particular as polymorph I or IV. These polymorphic forms of donepezil hydrochloride as well as the preparation thereof are disclosed in WO 97/46527 the contents of "which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the compositions of " the pre ⁇ sent invention thus preferably contain polymorph H and/or polymorph IV of donepezil hydrochloride in the form of a hy ⁇ drate.
  • a composition is particularly preferred wherein the d-onepezil hydrochloride is donepezil hydrochloride of polymorphic: form I and in particular the monohydrate of polymorphic form I.
  • Such a composition has been found to be very stable against unde- sired changes to other polymorphic form(s) of ttie active in ⁇ gredient.
  • composition, according to the invention is such that the average particle size of the donepezil hydrochloride is 5 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size is determined by laser method on 10 Malvern Mastersizer.
  • Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate of form I or form IV is pref ⁇ erably prepared by suspending donepezil hydrochloride in a solvent.
  • donepezil hydrochloride can be prepared from donepezil base and hydrochloric acid.
  • a mix ⁇ ture of methanol and water is used as the solvent.
  • other alcohols such as ethanol or isopropanol, or mixtures of alcohols with water can be used.
  • the formation of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate form I or form IV depends mpon the water content in the solvent mixture.
  • the suspension is heated until the donepezil hydrochloride has completely dissolved in the solvent.
  • this solution can be filtered, trough 1 ⁇ m filtration cartridge.
  • Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate of form I or form IV is precipitated from this solu ⁇ tion by the addition of isopropyl ether, isopiropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl methyl ketone, tert.- butyl methyl ether or heptane.
  • the particle sizes of the other excipients used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the pre ⁇ sent invention are within the range of D90 ⁇ 500 ⁇ .m, preferably D90 ⁇ 350 ⁇ m, in order to ensure homogeneity of tr ⁇ e compression mixture and homogeneous granulation and compression.
  • D90 means that at least 90 % by volume or weight of the part icles have a particle size below the specified value.
  • the excipients present in the composition according to the in ⁇ vention can be diluents such as microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, lactose (anhydrous or preferably monohy- drate) , compressible sugar, fructose, dextrates, other sugars such as mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, sacharose or a mixture thereof, siliconised microcrystalline cellulose, calcium hy ⁇ drogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium lactate or mix ⁇ tures of diluents.
  • the excipients incl ⁇ ude at least one diluent, selected from microcrystalline cellulose and lac ⁇ tose monohydrate.
  • composition according to the invention can also comprise binders, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, microcrystalline cel ⁇ lulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, low- substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylLmethyl cel ⁇ lulose or other cellulose ethers, starch, prregelatinised starch, or polymethacrylate or mixtures of binders .
  • binders such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, microcrystalline cel ⁇ lulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, low- substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylLmethyl cel ⁇ lulose or other cellulose ethers, starch, prregelatinised starch, or polymethacrylate or mixtures of binders .
  • the excipients include at least one binder se ⁇ lected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, in particular corn starch, pregelatinised star
  • Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose is hydroxy ⁇ propyl cellulose comprising from 5 to 16 % by weight of hy- droxypropoxy groups.
  • Suitable low-substituted h ⁇ ydroxypropyl celluloses are commercially available from Shin- ⁇ tsu Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade names LH-Il, LH-20, LH-21, LH-22, LH-30, LH-31 and LH-32.
  • disintegrants can also be present, suchi as starch, e.g. pregelatinised starch, corn starch or otriers, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polacrilin potassium, low- substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose or mixtures thereof . If used as a disintegrant, microcrystalline cellulose is prefera ⁇ bly used in an amount of 5 to 15 % by weight . It is preferred that the excipients include at least one disintegrant selected form starch, crospovidone and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • the disintegrants can be added to the other excipients accord ⁇ ing to the process used in the state of the art, either in the process of granulating and/or in the preparation of the com ⁇ pression mixture.
  • lubricants can also be present as excdpients, such as stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, lrydrogenated cas ⁇ tor oil, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, or tnacrogols or mix ⁇ tures thereof. It is preferred that the excipients include at least one lubricant selected from hydrogenated castor oil, talc and magnesium stearate.
  • composition is particularly preferred which comprises:
  • compositions co ⁇ nprisd_ng the above de ⁇ fined preferred excipients are more preferred. If not indicated otherwise all percentages given herein are by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • excipents which are present in trie composition in the amount of more than 11 % (e.g. more than 11 to 99 %) , preferably more than 15% (e.g. more than 15 to 99 %) , more preferably more than 20 % Ce.g. more than 20 to 99 %) based on the total composition weight, and
  • excipients which are present in tune composition in the amount of less than 11 % (e.g. 0.1 to less than 11 %) , preferably less than 15 % (e.g. 0.1 to less than 15 %) , more preferably less tl ⁇ an 20% (e.g. 0.1 to less than 20 %) based on the total composition weight, wherein the water content of excipients (b) , in % by weight, minus the water content of active ingredient ( a) , in % by- weight, is less than 4.0% (by weight), preferably less than 3.0% by weight, most preferably less than 2.0 % b ⁇ weight, de ⁇ termined by Karl Fisher (test performed according- to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a Karl Fischer titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Ti- trino) .
  • Excipient (c) may be absent even though it is pre ⁇ ferred that excipient (c) is present.
  • excipients (b) are lactose monohydate, microcrys- talline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates (hydrated) , lactitol (hydrated) , siliconised microcrystallir ⁇ e cellulose, sacharose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, cal ⁇ cium lactate, or mixtures thereof.
  • excipients (c) are polyvinyl pyrrolidone, car- boxymethylcellulose sodium, polacriclin potassium , starch, so ⁇ dium starch glycolate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose or other cellulose ethers, polymethacrylate, crospovidone, stearic acid, magne ⁇ sium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate, hydro- genated vegetable oil, hydrogenated castor oil, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, macrogols, or mixtures thereof.
  • the donepe ⁇ il hydrochloride (a) is preferably a donepezil hy ⁇ drochloride hydrate, more preferably a hydrate of polymorphic form IV and in particular of form I.
  • composition according to the invention is preferably in form of a coated or uncoated tablet, e.g. fast disintegrating tablet or orally disintegrating tablet, a capsule or in the form of pellets.
  • the composition can also take the form of a powder mixture, of a granulate or of mini tablets filled in capsules.
  • An immediate release composition is preferable.
  • composition according to the invention can be prepared by a process which comprises mixing and processing donepezil hy ⁇ drochloride and excipients to the desired composition.
  • composition is characterised by a specific water con ⁇ tent as given above, its components, in particular their amount and their water content, and the way of processing them to the composition are selected such that the desired water content is achieved in the composition.
  • This can in particular be effected by wetting a part of or all excipients with water, which can be achieved in a separate step or as part of the production process, for example in the course of a granulation step with water or aqueous granulation liquids.
  • donepezil hydrochloride in monohydrate form e.g. donepezil hydrochloride of form I
  • the choice of the proc ⁇ ess and of the excipients is critical to achieve the desired water content of the composition or the desired small differ ⁇ ence as to water content of donepezil hydrochloride and ex ⁇ cipients which result in a highly stable final prodi ⁇ ct.
  • a wetting of excipients can be performed in conventional granulation equipment by spraying of purified water into the excipients by conventional techniques. Wetting can also be ef ⁇ fected by direct addition of purified water onto a mixture of excipients during a mixing operation in a proper mixing de ⁇ vice, e.g. high-shear mixer.
  • excipients or of excipients with donepezil hy ⁇ drochloride may be effected in conventional, devices used for mixing of powders, e.g. motionless (passive) mixers, fluidized bed, diffusion, biconic diffusion, biconic , turbula, cubic, planetary, Y-, V-shaped or high-shear mixers .
  • motionless (passive) mixers fluidized bed, diffusion, biconic diffusion, biconic , turbula, cubic, planetary, Y-, V-shaped or high-shear mixers .
  • composition is defined by the difference as to the water contents of donepezil hydrochloride arxd excipients, then their respective water content is to be adjusted accordingly in the process for its preparation.
  • the process for preparing the composition according to the in ⁇ vention can be carried out as a granulation process or a di ⁇ rect compression process.
  • the granulation process comprises
  • a granulate is pr-epared in step (i) which does not include the active ingredierxt donepezil hydro ⁇ chloride.
  • the granulat ⁇ on process com ⁇ prises
  • a granulate is prepared in step (i 1 ) which includes active ingredient.
  • excipients used in steps (ii) and (ii') can be the same or different excipients as used ⁇ n steps (i) and (i 1 ), respectively.
  • the temperature of the granulate in a granulation process does not exceed 50 0 C during the granulating step. It is assumed that this is useful to prevent undesired changes of the polymorph used, to other forms as may occur when using high temperatures, ⁇ n particular to remove granulation liquid after a granulating process.
  • the temperature used when drying the wet granu ⁇ late should be low, e.g. the temperature of tb_e inlet air in a fluid bed dryer should be around 70 0 C or lower", to ensure that the temperature of the granulate does not exceed 5O 0 C.
  • Use of high temperatures accelerates transformation, of a hydrated form to other hydrated or anhydrous forms.
  • the water content of the compression mixture is 1.0 to 6.0 %, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 % by weight (determined as loss on drying, at 85 0 C, 20 minutes, e.g. with a Mettler Toledo HR73 halogen moisture analyser) .
  • drying the granulation conventional drying devices such as a fluid-bed dryer or drying chambers can be used.
  • a preferred embodiment of a direct compression proc ⁇ ess comprises
  • the water content of the compression mixtu ⁇ ce is 1.0 to 6.0 %, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 % by weight, (determined as loss on dry ⁇ ing, at 85 0 C, 20 minutes, e.g. with a Mettler Toledo HR73 halogen moisture analyser) .
  • the compres ⁇ sion in particular to tablets, can be effected using rotary press machines from different manufacturers -
  • the tablets can be coated with conventional mate ⁇ rials used for film coating, i.e. as described in Pharmaceuti ⁇ cal Coating Technology, 1995, edited by Graham Cole.
  • the film coating formulations preferably contain, the following compo ⁇ nents: polymer(s), plasticizer(s) , colourant (s) /opacifier(s) , vehicle(s) .
  • minor quantities of flavours, surfactants and waxes can be used.
  • cellu ⁇ lose derivatives such as cellulose ethers, or acrylic poly ⁇ mers and copolymers.
  • High molecular weight polyethylene gly ⁇ cols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl eilcohol and waxy mate ⁇ rials can also be used.
  • Typical cellulose ethers are hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxy- propylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethy_Lcellulose, methyl- cellulose.
  • Suitable acrylic polymers include synthetic poly ⁇ mers with diverse functionalities. They may be further modi ⁇ fied to enhance swelling and permeability by the incorporation of materials such as water soluble cellulose ethers and starches in order to ensure complete disintegra ⁇ tion/dissolution of the film.
  • Suitable plasticizers for use in the coating materials can be categorized into three groups: polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, macrogols) , organic esters (phfchalate esters, dibutyl sebacetate, citrate esters, triacetin) , oils/glycerides (cas ⁇ tor oil, acetylated monoglycerides, fractionated coconut oil) .
  • Suitable colorants/opacifiers can be classified into several groups: organic dyes and lacquers thereof, inorganic colours, natural colours. Combination of different materials farom each group can be com ⁇ bined in defined ratio. Film coating suspensions can used as ready-to-make preparations that are available on the market.
  • Film coating dispersion can be prepared by using different solvents (water, alcohols, ketones, esters, chlorinated hydro ⁇ carbons, preferably water) .
  • composition of coating suspension (calculated on dry mate ⁇ rial) is particularly preferred whict ⁇ comprises:
  • a 1 1-99% by weight of polymer, prefferably 1-95% of polymer, (B 1 ) 1-50% by weight of plasticizer, preferably 1-40% of plas- ticizer, (C) 0.1-20% of colorant/opacif ier, preferably 0.1-10% of col- orant/opacif ier .
  • Conventional equipment can be used for applying a coating, such as a Wurster coating system or conventional coating pans.
  • the water content of film coated tablets is 3 to 10 % by weight, preferably 4 to 7 % by weight and more preferably 5 to 6 % by weight (determined by the Karl-Fischer method, test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) .
  • Figure 1 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the tablets comprising donepezil hydrochloride hydrate described in Exam ⁇ ple 4.
  • Example 1 Film coated tablets by direct compression process
  • the cores were coated with the coating suspension, which contains hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (70 % by weight) , polyethylene glycol (5 % toy weight) , titanium dioxide (20 % by weight) , talc (4 % fc>y weight) and iron oxide (1 % by weight) until the average weight of 10 film coated tablets was 308 mg.
  • the coating suspension which contains hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (70 % by weight) , polyethylene glycol (5 % toy weight) , titanium dioxide (20 % by weight) , talc (4 % fc>y weight) and iron oxide (1 % by weight) until the average weight of 10 film coated tablets was 308 mg.
  • the water content of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate was 5.0 % determined by Karl Fischer method, test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
  • the amount of water in the obtained tablets was 6.0 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was perr- formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metroh ⁇ m 7012 KF Titrino.
  • Example 2 Tablets by granulation process
  • the compression mixture was compressed to obtain tablets. Some of these tablets were provided with a film coating as de ⁇ scribed in Example 1. The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.4 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fiseller method which was per ⁇ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.1.2, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
  • Example 3 Tablets by granulation process
  • the compression mixture was compressed to obtain tablets. Some of these tablets were provided with a film coating as de ⁇ scribed in Example 1.
  • the amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.1 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was per ⁇ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.3.2, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
  • Example 4 Tablets by granulation process
  • 3540 g of lactose monohydrate, 1430 g of microcrystalline cel ⁇ lulose, 600 g of corn starch and 18O g of hydroxypropyl cellu- lose were homogenised in a high-shear mixer.
  • the homogenised mixture was sprayed with purified water and granulated in a high-shear mixer/granulator.
  • the wetted mixture was dried in a fluid-bed dryer using an inlet air temperature of 70 0 C.
  • the obtained dry granulate was sieved using a sieving machine.
  • the granulate showed the following particle size distribution:
  • the water content for dry granulate determined fc>y Karl-Fischer method was 4.8 %.
  • the water determination was performed ac ⁇ cording to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrot ⁇ m 7012 KF Ti- trino.
  • the compression mixture was compressed into tablets.
  • the aver ⁇ age weight of 10 tablets was 200 mg.
  • a portion of the tablets was provided with a coating as described in Example 1.
  • the amount of water in the obtained tablets was determined to be 5.5 % by the Karl Fischer method which was performed ac ⁇ cording to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metroh ⁇ n 7012 KF Ti- trino. (b) Stability test of tablets
  • Fig. 1 shows an X-iray diffraction pattern of tablets compris ⁇ ing donepezil hydrochloride hydrate. Tablets were prepared by water granulation (upper curve) and stored 30 days at 50°C/dry (middle curve) . Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate is shown in the bottom curve. The absence of other diffraction peaks in the tablets pattern, stored 30 days at 50°C/dry indicate that there are no other (anhydro and hydro) forms of donepezil hy ⁇ drochloride present. Donepezil hydrochloride hydxate in the composition according to the invention remains unchianged.
  • Example 5 Tablets by granulation process
  • Example 4 was repeated with the exception that the 180 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose were replaced by 180 g of hydroxypro- pylmethyl cellulose .
  • the compression mixture was compressed into tablets .
  • the aver ⁇ age weight of the tablets was 250 mg/tablet. Some of these tablets were provided with a coating as described in Example 1.
  • the amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.8 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was per ⁇ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Me trohm 7012 KF Titrino.
  • Example 7 Tablets by granulation process
  • Example 6 was repeated with the exception that the 4491 g of microcrystalline cellulose and 1714 g of lactose monohydrate were replaced by 4491 g of lactose monohydrate and 1714 g of microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the drying time in the fluid-bed dryer was 19 minutes .
  • the result of particle size distrib-ntion for tabletting mixture was as follows:
  • the amount of water in the tablets was 5.7 % (determined by the Karl-Fischer method performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) .
  • the product was filtered off to obtain 8.45 kg of a wet substance.
  • the wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (57 %) was dried in vacuum (30-50 mbar) using the foil.owing procedure: Firstly, the product was dried at 25 0 C under a slight stream of nitrogen. When it became possible the prroduct was granulated through a sieve of 3x3 mm and through a sieve of 1.2x1.2 mm (in process control, loss on drying LOD 24.3 %) . The temperature of drying was raised to 30-35 0 C when th_e LOD was 5.1 %. The drying was also controlled by measuring tb_e as ⁇ say of water.
  • the wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (58 %) was dried in vacuum (30-50) mbar using the following procedure: Firstly, the piroduct was dried 1 h at 25 0 C underr a slight stream of nitrogen. Then the product was granulated through a sieve of 3x3 mm (in process control, loss on drying (LOD) 21.4 %) . The drying- was continued sieving through a sieve of 1.2x1.2 mm every hour. The temperature of drying was raised to 30 - 35 0 C when LOD was 5.8 %. The drying was also controlled by measuring trie assay of water. After two hours drying at 3O 0 C the assay of water was 3.66 % and LOD was 3.75 %. The drying was stopped and the substance was exposed to humid air (relative humidity under 60 %) to achieve an assay of water of 4.14 % (Karl Fischer) . The yield of the dried product was 9.2 kg.
  • vacuum filter dryer rotary vacuum driver or air dryer can be used for drying donepezil hydrochloride hydrate.
  • wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate having an as ⁇ say of 50-70 % can also be dried under vacuum or via an air fluide bed dryerr using one or more of the following steps:

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Abstract

The invention relates to a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride hydrate and a process for its preparation. In particular it relates to a composition and a process wherein the donepezil hydrochloride retains its polymorphic form and is therefore highly stable against conversion into other polymorphic forms.

Description

Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochlorride
The invention relates to a solid! pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride and a process for its preparation. In particular it relates to a composition and a process wherein the donepezil hydrochloride retains its poly¬ morphic form and is therefore highαly stable against conversion of polymorphic forms .
Donepezil hydrochloride, polymorph-ic forms thereof and pharma¬ ceutical compositions comprising donepezil hydrochloride are known. WO 97/46527 describes a method for the preparation of the polymorphic forms I to V and of the amorphous form of do- nepezil hydrochloride. The polymorphs are characterised by characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray difZfraction pattern and wave numbers (cm"1) of infrared absorption spectra in po¬ tassium bromide. Different methods for producd_ng the form I of donepezil hydrochloride are described. However, no specific solid pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed, let alone data on the stability of donepezil hydrochloride, either in the amorphous or in the different crystal forms, when incorpo¬ rated in such a composition.
EP-A-I 086 706 discloses compositions of donepezil which have been stabilised against the effect of light and heat by the addition of an organic acid. It is also shown by examples that the use of organic acids results, after stor/ing the composi¬ tion at elevated temperatures, in the product±on of less impu¬ rities in comparison to the use of hydrochloric acid.
EP-A-I 378 238 describes pharmaceutical compositions which comprise donepezil hydrochloride in amorphous form. It is fur¬ ther discussed in this document that it is not an easy task to reproducibly prepare compositions including the desired poly¬ morphic form of donepezil hydrochloride since it is showing polymorphism and since similar procedures "may nevertheless lead to different crystalline forms.
Thus, the prior art does not deal with the problem of avoiding a conversion of the polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochlo¬ ride when processing it to the desired solid composition. Fur¬ ther, the prior art also does not address the problem of sta¬ bilising the polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochloride dur¬ ing the shelf-life of a corresponding solid composition. These problems are surprisingly solved by the present inven¬ tion.
The solid pharmaceutical composition according to the inven¬ tion comprises donepezil hydrochloride and excipients, and has a water content of 3 to 10 %, preferably 4 to 7 % and more preferably 5 to 6 % by weight as determined by Karl Fischer (test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a Karl Fischer titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) . The donepezil hy¬ drochloride is used in form of a hydrate, preferably in the form of the monohydrate.
It has unexpectedly been found out that it is critical to con¬ trol the water content of the composition to lie in tlhe above range in order to avoid the undesired conversion of the spe¬ cific polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochloride in "the com¬ position to other hydrated or anhydrous polymorphic forms. In particular the conversion of hydrated forms into a_nhydrous forms is a problem with conventional compositions.
The donepezil hydrochloride is present in the composi~tions of the invention in crystalline form. More preferably the donepe¬ zil hydrochloride is present in one of various polymorphic forms, in particular as polymorph I or IV. These polymorphic forms of donepezil hydrochloride as well as the preparation thereof are disclosed in WO 97/46527 the contents of "which is incorporated herein by reference. The compositions of "the pre¬ sent invention thus preferably contain polymorph H and/or polymorph IV of donepezil hydrochloride in the form of a hy¬ drate.
A composition is particularly preferred wherein the d-onepezil hydrochloride is donepezil hydrochloride of polymorphic: form I and in particular the monohydrate of polymorphic form I. Such a composition has been found to be very stable against unde- sired changes to other polymorphic form(s) of ttie active in¬ gredient.
In a further preferred embodiment the composition, according to the invention is such that the average particle size of the donepezil hydrochloride is 5 to 300 μm, preferably 10 to 150 μm. The average particle size is determined by laser method on 10 Malvern Mastersizer.
Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate of form I or form IV is pref¬ erably prepared by suspending donepezil hydrochloride in a solvent. Alternatively donepezil hydrochloride can be prepared from donepezil base and hydrochloric acid. Preferably a mix¬ ture of methanol and water is used as the solvent. Optionally other alcohols, such as ethanol or isopropanol, or mixtures of alcohols with water can be used. The formation of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate form I or form IV depends mpon the water content in the solvent mixture. The suspension is heated until the donepezil hydrochloride has completely dissolved in the solvent. Optionally this solution can be filtered, trough 1 μm filtration cartridge. The solution of donepezil hydrochloride is then cooled to approximately 400C. Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate of form I or form IV is precipitated from this solu¬ tion by the addition of isopropyl ether, isopiropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl methyl ketone, tert.- butyl methyl ether or heptane.
It is further preferred that the particle sizes of the other excipients used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the pre¬ sent invention are within the range of D90<500 μ.m, preferably D90<350 μm, in order to ensure homogeneity of trαe compression mixture and homogeneous granulation and compression. D90 means that at least 90 % by volume or weight of the part icles have a particle size below the specified value.
The excipients present in the composition according to the in¬ vention can be diluents such as microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, lactose (anhydrous or preferably monohy- drate) , compressible sugar, fructose, dextrates, other sugars such as mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, sacharose or a mixture thereof, siliconised microcrystalline cellulose, calcium hy¬ drogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium lactate or mix¬ tures of diluents. Preferably, the excipients incl~ude at least one diluent, selected from microcrystalline cellulose and lac¬ tose monohydrate.
The composition according to the invention can also comprise binders, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, microcrystalline cel¬ lulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, low- substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylLmethyl cel¬ lulose or other cellulose ethers, starch, prregelatinised starch, or polymethacrylate or mixtures of binders . It is pre¬ ferred that the excipients include at least one binder se¬ lected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, in particular corn starch, pregelatinised starch and hydroxy'propylmethyl cellulose. Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose is hydroxy¬ propyl cellulose comprising from 5 to 16 % by weight of hy- droxypropoxy groups. Suitable low-substituted hαydroxypropyl celluloses are commercially available from Shin-Ξtsu Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade names LH-Il, LH-20, LH-21, LH-22, LH-30, LH-31 and LH-32.
Further, disintegrants can also be present, suchi as starch, e.g. pregelatinised starch, corn starch or otriers, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polacrilin potassium, low- substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose or mixtures thereof . If used as a disintegrant, microcrystalline cellulose is prefera¬ bly used in an amount of 5 to 15 % by weight . It is preferred that the excipients include at least one disintegrant selected form starch, crospovidone and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose.
The disintegrants can be added to the other excipients accord¬ ing to the process used in the state of the art, either in the process of granulating and/or in the preparation of the com¬ pression mixture.
Further, lubricants can also be present as excdpients, such as stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, lrydrogenated cas¬ tor oil, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, or tnacrogols or mix¬ tures thereof. It is preferred that the excipients include at least one lubricant selected from hydrogenated castor oil, talc and magnesium stearate.
A composition is particularly preferred which comprises:
(A) 1 to 50 %, preferably 1 to 40 %, more preferably 1 to 30 % by weight of donepezil hydrochloride,
(B) 1 to 90 %, preferably 20-85% by weiglxt of diluent,
(C) 1 to 90 %, preferably 10-40% by weigh,t of binder,
(D) 1 to 40 %, preferably 10-40% by weight of disintegrant, and optionally
(E) 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1-5% by weight of lubri¬ cant. Even more preferred are compositions coτnprisd_ng the above de¬ fined preferred excipients. If not indicated otherwise all percentages given herein are by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Investigations have also shown that the achieving of a stable composition in terms of avoiding conversion of the polymorphic form of donepezil hydrochloride used is surpαrisingly possible by a rather small difference of the water contents of the donepezil hydrochloride and the excipients. Thus the water content of the active ingredient and the various excipients used in the compositions of the present invention is adjusted in such a way that a migration of water from the excipients to the donepezil hydrochloride or vice versa is prevented.
In a preferred embodiment the invention relates to a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) donepezil hydrochloride , and
(b) excipents, which are present in trie composition in the amount of more than 11 % (e.g. more than 11 to 99 %) , preferably more than 15% (e.g. more than 15 to 99 %) , more preferably more than 20 % Ce.g. more than 20 to 99 %) based on the total composition weight, and
(c) excipients, which are present in tune composition in the amount of less than 11 % (e.g. 0.1 to less than 11 %) , preferably less than 15 % (e.g. 0.1 to less than 15 %) , more preferably less tlαan 20% (e.g. 0.1 to less than 20 %) based on the total composition weight, wherein the water content of excipients (b) , in % by weight, minus the water content of active ingredient ( a) , in % by- weight, is less than 4.0% (by weight), preferably less than 3.0% by weight, most preferably less than 2.0 % b^ weight, de¬ termined by Karl Fisher (test performed according- to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a Karl Fischer titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Ti- trino) . Excipient (c) may be absent even though it is pre¬ ferred that excipient (c) is present.
Preferred as excipients (b) are lactose monohydate, microcrys- talline cellulose, powdered cellulose, dextrates (hydrated) , lactitol (hydrated) , siliconised microcrystallirαe cellulose, sacharose, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, cal¬ cium lactate, or mixtures thereof.
Preferred as excipients (c) are polyvinyl pyrrolidone, car- boxymethylcellulose sodium, polacriclin potassium , starch, so¬ dium starch glycolate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose or other cellulose ethers, polymethacrylate, crospovidone, stearic acid, magne¬ sium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate, hydro- genated vegetable oil, hydrogenated castor oil, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, macrogols, or mixtures thereof.
The donepeκil hydrochloride (a) is preferably a donepezil hy¬ drochloride hydrate, more preferably a hydrate of polymorphic form IV and in particular of form I.
It is assumed that the small difference in terms of water con¬ tent of the ingredients of this composition effectively pre¬ vents a migration of water from the donepezil hydrochloride to the excipients and vice versa, thereby stabilising donepezil hydrochloride in the form originally used, i.e. preventing a conversion e.g. of donepezil hydrochloride polymorphic form I into another polymorphic form.
The composition according to the invention is preferably in form of a coated or uncoated tablet, e.g. fast disintegrating tablet or orally disintegrating tablet, a capsule or in the form of pellets. The composition can also take the form of a powder mixture, of a granulate or of mini tablets filled in capsules. An immediate release composition is preferable.
The composition according to the invention can be prepared by a process which comprises mixing and processing donepezil hy¬ drochloride and excipients to the desired composition.
As the composition is characterised by a specific water con¬ tent as given above, its components, in particular their amount and their water content, and the way of processing them to the composition are selected such that the desired water content is achieved in the composition. This can in particular be effected by wetting a part of or all excipients with water, which can be achieved in a separate step or as part of the production process, for example in the course of a granulation step with water or aqueous granulation liquids.
Due to the problem that in particular donepezil hydrochloride in monohydrate form, e.g. donepezil hydrochloride of form I, can transform into an anhydrous form, the choice of the proc¬ ess and of the excipients is critical to achieve the desired water content of the composition or the desired small differ¬ ence as to water content of donepezil hydrochloride and ex¬ cipients which result in a highly stable final prodiαct.
A wetting of excipients can be performed in conventional granulation equipment by spraying of purified water into the excipients by conventional techniques. Wetting can also be ef¬ fected by direct addition of purified water onto a mixture of excipients during a mixing operation in a proper mixing de¬ vice, e.g. high-shear mixer.
The mixing of excipients or of excipients with donepezil hy¬ drochloride may be effected in conventional, devices used for mixing of powders, e.g. motionless (passive) mixers, fluidized bed, diffusion, biconic diffusion, biconic , turbula, cubic, planetary, Y-, V-shaped or high-shear mixers .
In case the composition is defined by the difference as to the water contents of donepezil hydrochloride arxd excipients, then their respective water content is to be adjusted accordingly in the process for its preparation.
The process for preparing the composition according to the in¬ vention can be carried out as a granulation process or a di¬ rect compression process.
In a preferred embodiment, the granulation process comprises
(i) granulating a mixture of excipients using water as granulation liquid to give a granuHate,
(ii) adding donepezil hydrochloride and excipients to the granulate to give a compression mixture,
(iii) compressing the compression mixtu.re to the desired form, and
(iv) optionally applying a coating.
Thus, in this embodiment, a granulate is pr-epared in step (i) which does not include the active ingredierxt donepezil hydro¬ chloride. In another preferred embodiment, the granulat±on process com¬ prises
(i1) granulating a mixture of donepezil hydrochloride and excipients using water as granulation liquid to give a granulate,
(ii1) adding excipients to the granulate to give a com¬ pression mixture,
(iii1) compressing the compression mixture to the desired form, and
(iv1) optionally applying a coating.
Thus, in this embodiment a granulate is prepared in step (i1) which includes active ingredient.
The excipients used in steps (ii) and (ii') , ^respectively, can be the same or different excipients as used ±n steps (i) and (i1), respectively.
It has been found preferable that the temperature of the granulate in a granulation process does not exceed 500C during the granulating step. It is assumed that this is useful to prevent undesired changes of the polymorph used, to other forms as may occur when using high temperatures, ±n particular to remove granulation liquid after a granulating process.
In particular the temperature used when drying the wet granu¬ late should be low, e.g. the temperature of tb_e inlet air in a fluid bed dryer should be around 700C or lower", to ensure that the temperature of the granulate does not exceed 5O0C. Use of high temperatures accelerates transformation, of a hydrated form to other hydrated or anhydrous forms. Further, it has also been found beneficial to adjust the water content of the granulate to 0.5 to 2.5 %, preferably 1.0 to 2.0 % by weight (determined as loss on dxying, at 85°C, 20 minutes, e.g. with a Mettler Toledo HR73 ha_logen moisture ana¬ lyser) .
It is also preferred that the water content of the compression mixture is 1.0 to 6.0 %, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 % by weight (determined as loss on drying, at 850C, 20 minutes, e.g. with a Mettler Toledo HR73 halogen moisture analyser) .
For drying the granulation conventional drying devices such as a fluid-bed dryer or drying chambers can be used.
Further, a preferred embodiment of a direct compression proc¬ ess comprises
(i") mixing donepezil hydrochloride and excipients to give a compression mixture, (ii") compressing the obtained compression mixture to the desired form, and (iii") optionally applying a coating.
Also in the direct compression process, it is preferred that the water content of the compression mixtuπce is 1.0 to 6.0 %, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 % by weight, (determined as loss on dry¬ ing, at 850C, 20 minutes, e.g. with a Mettler Toledo HR73 halogen moisture analyser) .
In the above processes according to the invention the compres¬ sion, in particular to tablets, can be effected using rotary press machines from different manufacturers - Optionally, the tablets can be coated with conventional mate¬ rials used for film coating, i.e. as described in Pharmaceuti¬ cal Coating Technology, 1995, edited by Graham Cole. The film coating formulations preferably contain, the following compo¬ nents: polymer(s), plasticizer(s) , colourant (s) /opacifier(s) , vehicle(s) . In the film coating suspensi-on minor quantities of flavours, surfactants and waxes can be used. The majority of the polymers used in film coating are prreferably either cellu¬ lose derivatives, such as cellulose ethers, or acrylic poly¬ mers and copolymers. High molecular weight polyethylene gly¬ cols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl eilcohol and waxy mate¬ rials can also be used.
Typical cellulose ethers are hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxy- propylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethy_Lcellulose, methyl- cellulose. Suitable acrylic polymers include synthetic poly¬ mers with diverse functionalities. They may be further modi¬ fied to enhance swelling and permeability by the incorporation of materials such as water soluble cellulose ethers and starches in order to ensure complete disintegra¬ tion/dissolution of the film.
Suitable plasticizers for use in the coating materials can be categorized into three groups: polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, macrogols) , organic esters (phfchalate esters, dibutyl sebacetate, citrate esters, triacetin) , oils/glycerides (cas¬ tor oil, acetylated monoglycerides, fractionated coconut oil) .
Suitable colorants/opacifiers can be classified into several groups: organic dyes and lacquers thereof, inorganic colours, natural colours. Combination of different materials farom each group can be com¬ bined in defined ratio. Film coating suspensions can used as ready-to-make preparations that are available on the market.
Film coating dispersion can be prepared by using different solvents (water, alcohols, ketones, esters, chlorinated hydro¬ carbons, preferably water) .
A composition of coating suspension (calculated on dry mate¬ rial) is particularly preferred whictα comprises:
(A1) 1-99% by weight of polymer, prefferably 1-95% of polymer, (B1) 1-50% by weight of plasticizer, preferably 1-40% of plas- ticizer, (C) 0.1-20% of colorant/opacif ier, preferably 0.1-10% of col- orant/opacif ier .
Conventional equipment can be used for applying a coating, such as a Wurster coating system or conventional coating pans.
It has been found to be beneficial that, the water content of film coated tablets is 3 to 10 % by weight, preferably 4 to 7 % by weight and more preferably 5 to 6 % by weight (determined by the Karl-Fischer method, test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, e.g. on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) .
It was surprisingly found out that the processes according to the invention effect virtually no undesired conversion of the donepezil hydrochloride used as starting material to other forms. This was in particular shown, when using donepezil hy¬ drochloride hydrate, which did not ixndergo appreciable conver¬ sion into other hydrated forms or into other anhydrous forms. Further, also the final composition showed a surprisingly high stability against undesired. conversions of the donepezil hy¬ drochloride, in particular of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate, upon storage.
Although accelerated condit±ons (500C) were used for stability testing and tablets were not packaged in contact packing mate¬ rial, e.g. blisters, donepezil hydrochloride hydrate remained unchanged. The stability of: composition according to the in¬ vention was proven by characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The result of this test is shown in Fig¬ ure 1. Figure 1 shows an X—ray diffraction pattern of tablets comprising donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (upper curve) as well as of pure donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (lower curve) . The absence of other diffraction peaks in the tablets pattern indicates the absence of other forms of donepezil hydrochlo¬ ride.
The present invention wilL now be further illustrated with reference to Examples and a Figure.
Figure 1 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the tablets comprising donepezil hydrochloride hydrate described in Exam¬ ple 4.
Example 1: Film coated tablets by direct compression process
111.8 g of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate, 1587 g of lactose monohydrate, 857 g of pregelatinised starch and 429 g of corn starch were homogenised in a biconic mixer for 10 minutes at 26 rpm. Finally, 16 g of magnesium stearate were added and the mixing was continued for 3 minutes. The obtained compression mixture was compressed on an automatic rotary press machine, fitted with round punches to give tablet cores, the weight of 10 cores was 300 tng. Subsequently, the cores were coated with the coating suspension, which contains hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (70 % by weight) , polyethylene glycol (5 % toy weight) , titanium dioxide (20 % by weight) , talc (4 % fc>y weight) and iron oxide (1 % by weight) until the average weight of 10 film coated tablets was 308 mg.
The water content of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate was 5.0 % determined by Karl Fischer method, test performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 6.0 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was perr- formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohαm 7012 KF Titrino.
Example 2: Tablets by granulation process
5030 g of microcrystalline cellulose, 1920 g of lactose mono- hydrate, 840 g of corn starch and 250 g of hydroxypropylcelliα- lose were homogenised in a high-shear mixer. The homogenised mixture was sprayed with purified water and granulated in a high-shear mixer/granulator. The wetted mixture was dried in a fluid-bed dryer using an inlet air temperature of 700C. Trie obtained dry granulate was sieved using a sieving machine. Subsequently, 313 g of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate werre mixed with the granulate in a biconic mixer. Finally, 45 g of magnesium stearate were admixed to obtain a compression mix¬ ture.
The compression mixture was compressed to obtain tablets. Some of these tablets were provided with a film coating as de¬ scribed in Example 1. The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.4 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fiseller method which was per¬ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.1.2, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
Example 3; Tablets by granulation process
5030 g of lactose monohydrate, 1920 g of microcrystalline cel¬ lulose and 250 g of hydroxypropylcelLlulose were homogenised in a high-shear mixer. The homogenisecL mixture was sprayed with purified water and granulated in a high-shear mixer/granulator. The wetted mixture was dried in a fluid-bed dryer using an inlet air temperature of 700C. The obtained dry granulate was sieved using a sieving machine. Subsequently, 313 g of donepezil hydrochloride tiydrate and 840 g of low- substituted hydroxypropylcellulose were mixed with the granu¬ late in a biconic mixer. Finally, 45 g of magnesium stearate were admixed to obtain a compression mixture.
The compression mixture was compressed to obtain tablets. Some of these tablets were provided with a film coating as de¬ scribed in Example 1.
The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.1 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was per¬ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.3.2, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino.
Example 4; Tablets by granulation process
(a) Preparation process
3540 g of lactose monohydrate, 1430 g of microcrystalline cel¬ lulose, 600 g of corn starch and 18O g of hydroxypropyl cellu- lose were homogenised in a high-shear mixer. The homogenised mixture was sprayed with purified water and granulated in a high-shear mixer/granulator. The wetted mixture was dried in a fluid-bed dryer using an inlet air temperature of 70 0C. The obtained dry granulate was sieved using a sieving machine. The granulate showed the following particle size distribution:
Figure imgf000019_0001
The water content for dry granulate determined fc>y Karl-Fischer method was 4.8 %. The water determination was performed ac¬ cording to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrotαm 7012 KF Ti- trino.
Subsequently, 223 g of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate were mixed with the granulate in a biconic mixer. Finally, 32 g of magnesium stearate were admixed to obtain a compression mix¬ ture.
The compression mixture was compressed into tablets. The aver¬ age weight of 10 tablets was 200 mg. A portion of the tablets was provided with a coating as described in Example 1.
The amount of water in the obtained tablets was determined to be 5.5 % by the Karl Fischer method which was performed ac¬ cording to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohαn 7012 KF Ti- trino. (b) Stability test of tablets
Accelerated conditions were used for stability testing. Tab¬ lets containing donepezil hydrochloride hydrate were stored for 30 days at a temperature of 500C. Tablets werre not pack¬ aged in a contact packing material such as blisters . The sta¬ bility of the composition according to the invention was proven by characteristic peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The result of this test is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows an X-iray diffraction pattern of tablets compris¬ ing donepezil hydrochloride hydrate. Tablets were prepared by water granulation (upper curve) and stored 30 days at 50°C/dry (middle curve) . Donepezil hydrochloride hydrate is shown in the bottom curve. The absence of other diffraction peaks in the tablets pattern, stored 30 days at 50°C/dry indicate that there are no other (anhydro and hydro) forms of donepezil hy¬ drochloride present. Donepezil hydrochloride hydxate in the composition according to the invention remains unchianged.
Example 5: Tablets by granulation process
Example 4 was repeated with the exception that the 180 g of hydroxypropyl cellulose were replaced by 180 g of hydroxypro- pylmethyl cellulose .
The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.3 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was per¬ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino. Example 6: Tablets by granulation process
279 g of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate, 4491 g of macrocrys¬ talline cellulose, 1714 g of lactose monohydrate, 223 g oif hy- droxypropylcellulose and 750 g of low-substituted hydrcαcrypro- pylcellulose were homogenised in a high shear mixer. The ho¬ mogenised mixture was sp-rayed with purified water and <j:ranu- lated in a high-shear mixier/granulator. The wetted mixture was dried in a fluid-bed dryer using an inlet air temperatusre of 700C. The obtained dry granulate was sieved using a sieving machine. Finally, 40 g of magnesium stearate were admixed to obtain a compression mixture.
The compression mixture was compressed into tablets . The aver¬ age weight of the tablets was 250 mg/tablet. Some of these tablets were provided with a coating as described in Example 1.
The amount of water in the obtained tablets was 5.8 % by weight, determined by the Karl-Fischer method which was per¬ formed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Me trohm 7012 KF Titrino.
Example 7: Tablets by granulation process
Example 6 was repeated with the exception that the 4491 g of microcrystalline cellulose and 1714 g of lactose monohydrate were replaced by 4491 g of lactose monohydrate and 1714 g of microcrystalline cellulose. The drying time in the fluid-bed dryer was 19 minutes . The result of particle size distrib-ntion for tabletting mixture was as follows:
Figure imgf000022_0001
The amount of water in the tablets was 5.7 % (determined by the Karl-Fischer method performed according to Ph. Eur. 2.5.12, on a titrator Metrohm 7012 KF Titrino) .
Example 8; Preparation of donepezil hydrochloride form I
50.6 g donepezil base were suspended in methanol (300 rτil) at room temperature and heated to 600C to get a clear soLution. 11 ml cone, hydrochloric acid were added at 25 to 3O0C with measuring pH (3.2 + 0.2) . The solution of donepezil hychrochlo- ride warmed to 40-450C; it was slowly added to cooled ( 0-50C) diisopropyl ether (600 ml) maintaining the temperature at 5-10 0C. The suspension was stirred for another half an hou_r. The product was filtered and dried in vacuum (30-50 mbar) at a temperature of 30-350C. The drying was controlled by mea.suring the water content (Karl Fischer not more than 4.5 %) . The yield was 52.66 g (91 %) .
Example 9 : Crystallisation of donepezil hydrochloride for-πt I
50 g donepezil hydrochloride were suspended in methanol!. (300 ml) and 8 ml of water, heated to 60-650C to get a clear solu¬ tion. Then this hot solution was slowly added to cooled (0- 50C) diisopropyl ether (600 ml) maintaining the temperature at 5-100C. The suspension was stirred for another half an. hour. The product was filtered and dried in vacuum (30-50 mbarr) at a temperature of 30-350C. The drying was controlled by measuring the water content as described in Example 8. The yie Id was 47.39 g (91 %) .
Example 10; Preparation of donepezil hydrochloride polymorph I
5 g donepezil hydrochloride were suspended in methanol (30 ml) and 0.8 ml of water, heated to 60-650C to get a clears solu¬ tion. Then this hot solution was slowly added to cooled (0- 5°C) isopropyl acetate (60 ml) maintaining the temperature at 5-100C. The suspension was stirred for another half an hour to one hour. The product was filtered and dried in vacuum (30-50 mbar) at a temperature of 30-350C. The drying was controlled by measuring the water content as described in Example 8 and the loss on drying. The yield was from 1.8 to 4.9 g.
Example 11: Crystallization of donepezil hydrochloride form IV
1 g donepezil hydrochloride was suspended in isopropa_nol (6 ml) and 1 ml of water, heated to reflux to get a clear solu¬ tion. Then this hot solution was slowly added to cool_ed (0- 50C) diisopropyl ether (12 ml) maintaining the temperature at 5-100C. The suspension was stirred for another half an hour to one hour. The product was filtered and dried in vacuum (30-50 mbar) at a temperature of 30-350C. The drying was controlled by measuring the water content as described in Example 8 and the loss on drying to get 0.98 g donepezil hydrochloride of form IV. Example 12 ; Preparation of donepezil hydrochloride polymorph I
4.98 kg of donepezil base were suspended at room temper"ature (20 -25 0C) in methanol (30 1) and heated to 60-65 0C to get a clear solution. The solution was cooled to 30 0C, filtered through a 1 μm filtration cartridge and cooled to 20-25 0C. 1.05 1 of cone, hydrochloric acid were added at 25-30 0C with measuring the pH (3.2 + 0.2) . The solution of donepezil txydro- chloride was warmed to 40-45 0C and slowly added to cooled. (0- 5 0C) diisopropyl ether (60 1) maintaining the temperature at 5-10 0C. The suspension was stirred for another half an hour at 5-100C. Then, the product was filtered off to obtain 8.45 kg of a wet substance. The wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (57 %) was dried in vacuum (30-50 mbar) using the foil.owing procedure: Firstly, the product was dried at 25 0C under a slight stream of nitrogen. When it became possible the prroduct was granulated through a sieve of 3x3 mm and through a sieve of 1.2x1.2 mm (in process control, loss on drying LOD 24.3 %) . The temperature of drying was raised to 30-35 0C when th_e LOD was 5.1 %. The drying was also controlled by measuring tb_e as¬ say of water. One hour later the assay of water was 2.77 % and LOD was 3.60 %. The drying was stopped and the substance was exposed to humid air (relative humidity under 60 %) to achieve an assay of water of 4.34 % (Karl Fischer) . The yield of the dried product was 4.9 kg.
Example 13: Crystalization of donepezil hydrochloride poly¬ morph I
10.2 kg of donepezil hydrochloride were suspended in 62 1 of methanol and 1.6 1 of water and heated to 60-65 0C to get a clear solution. The solution was cooled to 50 0C, filtered through a 1 μm filtration cartridge and cooled to 40-45 0C. Then this hot solution was slowly added to cooled (0 -5°C) dii- sopropyl ether (122 1) maintaining the temperature a.t 5-1O0C. The suspension was stirred for another half an hour at 5- 10 0C. The product was filtered to obtain 15.9 kg of wet sub¬ stance. The wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate (58 %) was dried in vacuum (30-50) mbar using the following procedure: Firstly, the piroduct was dried 1 h at 25 0C underr a slight stream of nitrogen. Then the product was granulated through a sieve of 3x3 mm (in process control, loss on drying (LOD) 21.4 %) . The drying- was continued sieving through a sieve of 1.2x1.2 mm every hour. The temperature of drying was raised to 30 - 35 0C when LOD was 5.8 %. The drying was also controlled by measuring trie assay of water. After two hours drying at 3O0C the assay of water was 3.66 % and LOD was 3.75 %. The drying was stopped and the substance was exposed to humid air (relative humidity under 60 %) to achieve an assay of water of 4.14 % (Karl Fischer) . The yield of the dried product was 9.2 kg.
Alternatively, vacuum filter dryer, rotary vacuum driver or air dryer can be used for drying donepezil hydrochloride hydrate.
Furthermore, wet donepezil hydrochloride hydrate having an as¬ say of 50-70 % can also be dried under vacuum or via an air fluide bed dryerr using one or more of the following steps:
drying of donepezil hydrochloride hydrate to ha.Λre donepe¬ zil hydrochloride hydrate comprising 30-50 % by weight of solvents, drying witJh. stirring or granulating every quaHified pe¬ riod (e.g. every hour), drying at 20 - 25 0C until loss on drying (LOD) is below 6 %, drying at 20 - 25 0C under a slight stream of nitrogen, drying at 20 - 25 0C under vacuum below 50 mbar, drying at 30 - 35 0C until loss on drying (LOD) is below
4.8 %, exposing to humid air (relative humzLdity under 60 %) when the assay of water is below 4.1 % to achieve an assay of water not more than 5.0 % (Karl Fischer) .

Claims

Claims
1. Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hy¬ drochloride in the form of a hydrate and excipients, and having a water content of 3 to 10 % by weight (determined by Karl Fischer) .
2. Composition according to claim 1 having a water content of 4 to 7 % by weight (determined by Karl Fischer) .
3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the done¬ pezil hydrochloride is donepezil hydrochloride monohy- drate.
4. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the donepezil hiydrochloride is of crystalline form.
5. Composition according to claim 4 wherein the donepezil hydrochloride is donepez il hydrochloride of polymorphic form I or IV.
6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the excipients include at least one diluent se¬ lected from microcrystalline cellulose and lactose mono- hydrate.
7. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the excipients include at least one binder selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropy÷Lmethyl cellulose, starch, and pregelatinised starch.
8. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the excipients include at least one di sintegrant selected from starch, crospovidone, and low-sxibstituted hydroxypropyl cellulose.
9. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 com¬ prising as excipient:
(A) 1 to 50 % by weight of donepezil hydrochloride,
(B) 1 to 90 % by weight of diluent,
(C) 1 to 90 % by weight of binder,
(D) 1 to 40 % by weight of disintegrant, and optionally
(E) 0.1 to 10% by weight of lubricant.
10. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the water content of the donepezil hydrochloride hydrate and the various excipients used in the composition is ad¬ justed in such a way that a migration of wateir from the excipients to the donepezil hydrochloride or vice versa is prevented.
11. Composition according to claim 10 comprising:
(a) donepezil hydrochloride, and
(b) excipents, which are present in the composition in the amount of more than 11%, preferably more than 15 %, more preferably more than 20 % based on the total composition weight, and
(c) excipients, which are present in the composition in the amount of less than 11 %, preferably less than 15%, more preferably less than 20% based on the -to¬ tal composition weight,
wherein the water content of excipients (b) , in % by weight, minus the water content of active ingredient (a) , in % by weight, is less than 4.0 % (by weight) , prefera- bly less than 3.0 % (by weight) , most preferably less than 2.0 % (by weight) (determined by Karl Fischer) .
12. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, which is in the form of a tablet.
13. Process for the preparation of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 comprising mixiixg and proc¬ essing donepezil hydrochloride and excipients to the de¬ sired composition.
14. Process according to claim 13 comprising:
(i) granulating a mixture of excipients us±ng water as granulation liquid to give a granulater
(ii) adding donepezil hydrochloride and exicipients to the granulate to give a compression mixture,
(iii) compressing the compression mixture to the desired form, and (iv) optionally applying a coating.
15. Process according to claim 13 comprising:
(i1) granulating a mixture of donepezil hydrochloride and excipients using water as granulation liquid to give a granulate,
(ii1) adding excipients to the granulate to give a com¬ pression mixture,
(iii1) compressing the compression mixture to the desired form, and
(iv1) optionally applying a coating.
16. Process according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the tempera¬ ture of the mixture and of the granulate does not exceed 5O0C during the granulating step.
17. Process according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the water content of the granulate is 0.5 to 2.5 %, pref¬ erably 1.0 to 2.0 % determined as loss on drying at 85°C, 20 minutes.
18. Process according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the water content of the compression mixture is 1.0 to 6.0 %, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 % determined as loss on dry¬ ing at 85°C, 20 minutes.
19. Process according to claim 13 comprising
(i1) mixing donepezil hydrochloride and excipients to give a compression mixture, (ii1) compressing the obtained compression mixture to the desired form, and (iii1) optionally applying a coating.
PCT/EP2005/011249 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride WO2006045512A1 (en)

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PL05795965T PL1811957T3 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
DE602005011326T DE602005011326D1 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION WITH DONEPEZILHYDROCHLORIDE
JP2007537202A JP2008517022A (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition containing donepezil hydrochloride
CA2584547A CA2584547C (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
US11/577,414 US20090130205A9 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising Donepezil Hydrochloride
DK05795965T DK1811957T3 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
EA200700673A EA012220B1 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
EP05795965A EP1811957B1 (en) 2004-10-19 2005-10-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
NO20072494A NO20072494L (en) 2004-10-19 2007-05-15 Solid pharmaceutical compound comprising donepezil hydrochloride
ZA2007/04023A ZA200704023B (en) 2004-10-19 2007-05-18 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
HR20090104T HRP20090104T3 (en) 2004-10-19 2009-02-19 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
US12/690,498 US20100317694A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2010-01-20 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride
US13/346,931 US20120283291A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2012-01-10 Solid pharmaceutical composition comprising donepezil hydrochloride

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US20120283291A1 (en) 2012-11-08
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