WO2006037983A2 - Breakwater wave energy converter - Google Patents

Breakwater wave energy converter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006037983A2
WO2006037983A2 PCT/GB2005/003796 GB2005003796W WO2006037983A2 WO 2006037983 A2 WO2006037983 A2 WO 2006037983A2 GB 2005003796 W GB2005003796 W GB 2005003796W WO 2006037983 A2 WO2006037983 A2 WO 2006037983A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave energy
absorption
energy according
wave
hollow block
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/003796
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006037983A3 (en
Inventor
Iain David Roberts
Original Assignee
Iain David Roberts
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iain David Roberts filed Critical Iain David Roberts
Priority to EP05787335A priority Critical patent/EP1802814B1/en
Priority to DE602005013553T priority patent/DE602005013553D1/en
Publication of WO2006037983A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006037983A2/en
Publication of WO2006037983A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006037983A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • E02B9/08—Tide or wave power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/142—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which creates an oscillating water column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/188—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is flexible or deformable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/24—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/266—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy to compress air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/144—Wave energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

A device for absorption of wave energy comprising at least one hollow block (1) comprising a wave-receiving, surface and an opposing parallel sloping surface; at least one tubular water-receiving member (3) held within the at least one hollow block.

Description

Description
Breakwater Wave Energy Converter
Technical Field
[1] The invention comprises a structure for the absorption of wave energy and the conversion of this energy into electrical or another type of readily useable energy.
Background Art
[2] The Oscillating Water Column principle is a means of hydropneumatic energy conversion whereby an entrained volume of air is forced into damped harmonic motion by a rising and falling water surface. A number of shore based Oscillating Water Column (OWC) type wave energy devices have now been built around the world, refer to the prior art arrangement shown as Figure 1. These devices usually comprise a large enclosed chamber with an opening that is below lowest water level. Wave motion outside the chamber induces a rising and falling water level within the chamber, which in turn produces pressure changes in the air enclosed at the top of the chamber. Pneumatic to mechanical energy conversion is typically achieved by the use of a self rectifying turbine. Disclosure of Invention
Technical Problem
[3] The designs of these OWC devices have a number of disadvantages that limit both efficiency and application. In general, a large chamber is required such that the breath of the structure is a proportion of the distance between successive wave crests. This makes the structures bulky and also means that efficiency is reduced for upper and lower bound wave conditions.
[4] Another problem is construction in the marine environment. Many of the devices constructed have been built on the shoreline or set within breakwater structures and have been constructed using reinforced concrete. This type of monolithic insitu con¬ struction is inherently difficult in marine conditions and special measures are required to protect the structure from the effects of waves while it is being built.
Technical Solution
[5] The present invention seeks to overcome these problems by applying maritime rubble mound breakwater design to the OWC concept. Rubble mound breakwaters are built by placing a mound of stone rubble on the seabed and then protecting it with either large quarry rock or specially constructed concrete armour units that are of sufficient weight to resist the force of the most extreme waves.
[6] The present invention comprises a sloping rubble mound breakwater structure with an outer layer of hollow concrete blocks that have a flexible tube placed within the voids of the blocks. Waves break on to and run up the structure causing the de¬ formation of the flexible tube and the conversion of wave energy into a rising and failing fluid level within the flexible tube. Advantageous Effects
[7] These structures provide an efficient means of absorbing wave energy with minimal wave reflection and transmission.
Description of Drawings
[8] A specific embodiment of the invention is now described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 2 shows in cross section an arrangement for the structure against an existing structure, wall, or cliff. Figure 3 shows in plan an arrangement for this structure. Figure 4 shows in cross section an al¬ ternative arrangement as an offshore breakwater. Figure 5 shows in perspective a hollow block unit.
Best Mode
[9] Figure 2 shows an arrangement where the structure is built against an existing breakwater, wall, or cliff. The structure comprises a layer of hollow blocks (1) laid on a sloping rubble mound (2). Within the hollow blocks is a flexible tube (3) that is open at the bottom (4) and fixed to an air chamber at the top (5). The whole structure is built on the sea bed and extends above still water level. As a wave breaks onto the structure the outside water level rises (6), water is drawn into the flexible tube (3) through the lower opening (4), the tube is also deformed by the force of the wave, and the water inside the tube is displaced upwards. As the water level inside the tube (7) rises, the air above the water (8) is compressed and flows into a connecting air chamber (5). This air chamber connects a plurality of other tubes and is itself connected to a turbine or turbines. The compressed air drives the turbine and some air is expelled. As the wave crest reaches its zenith and then starts to recede, water flows out of the flexible tube (3), the tube expands, the inside water level (7) drops, and air is drawn into the system through the turbine, or other device.
[10] Figure 3 show a typical part plan view of the invention. The hollow blocks (1) are laid in a regular pattern on the rubble mound such that the flexible tube (3) can be placed within the blocks and connected to the air chamber (5). The air chamber (5) comprises an airtight pipe or chamber placed on top of the structure. A turbine (9) is then connected to the air chamber. The advantage of this arrangement is that the size of the porous armour blocks, flexible tube, air chamber and the number of turbines, can all be optimized for the expected wave conditions.
[11] For the arrangement shown in Figure 2, a turbine that works for reversing directions of flow would be used to best effect. However, with the suitable use of valves an al¬ ternative arrangement using a single direction turbine could also be used. A dynamo or alternator connected to the turbine would then generate electricity.
[12] Figure 4 shows a typical section where the structure is constructed offshore. One or both sides of the structure can be constructed with hollow blocks. The alignment of the structure, in plan, can then be varied to optimize the incoming wave e_neigy on one or both faces. [13] Figure 5 shows a typical arrangement for the hollow block. The block has an opening at the top (10), and side openings (11) and (12) to accommodate the flexible tube. The internal void can also be shaped to accommodate the flexible tube. The shape and size of the void and openings may vary. Additional openings may be added to the side walls or to the bottom wall.
[14] These blocks are commonly used in coast protection revetments and port breakwaters and are usually referred to as single layer armour units. They are constructed of plain concrete, but steel or fibre reinforcement may be added for additional strength. The blocks are tightly placed to a regular pattern and achieve stability under wave loading by their self weight and importantly the friction between blocks. The blocks have a high porosity ratio and therefore have excellent wave energy absorption properties. These blocks have been in use since the 1970s and have been used in numerous revetment and breakwater structures.
[15] The advantage of using these blocks is that they can be precast on land and then placed on the structure using a crane. The blocks can also be placed underwater. An al¬ ternative to using individually placed blocks would be to cast the surface layer insitu. This could be achieved by using suitable forms and void formers to achieve sub¬ stantially the same result. However, this type of construction would be inherently more complex and susceptible to storm damage. The surface layer would also be rigid and would require steel reinforcement.
[ 16] The hollow block shown in figure 5 is specifically designed for holding a flexible tube.
[17] The flexible tube may comprise any suitable material being strong, airtight, flexible and durable. As the only moving part of the structure below water level, the tube will be subject to wear and will have to be replaced on a regular basis. The tube would be inserted into the voids of the armour blocks, and fixed to the lowest inlet block and fixed again to the top armour block. The fixings would be designed to aid replacement of the tube. An alternative arrangement would be to use a tube that is closed at the bottom end, thus becoming a bag. This bag would then be partially or entirely filled with a fluid.
Mode for Invention
[18] The present invention is based on the established OWC concept. However, the means of converting wave motion into pneumatic energy is novel in comparison to other wave energy devices. Rather than having a large collector chamber, waves break onto the sloping face of the structure and wave energy is absorbed due to the dis¬ placement of the flexible tube and also by the process of waves running up on the structure, known as 'wave runup'. This is a process where as waves break onto a sloping structure there is an increase in the local still water level followed by a wave up rush to a greater height than the incoming wave crest. This generates a rising and falling water level within the flexible tube that has a greater peak to trough height than the incident wave (eg for a smooth slope at a gradient of 1 in 2 the runup level would be about 2 x Hi, where Hi is the incident wave height). This means that a relatively small diameter tube, say 2 to 3m, could be used for most wave conditions. Another advantage of this type of structure is that it would have low wave reflection and should therefore be a more efficient wave energy absorber.
Industrial Applicability
[19] The whole structure is based on maritime breakwater design. The advantage is that the device is constructed using existing breakwater technology and construction plant. The rubble mound and armour units can be placed in open water conditions provided that wave heights are within acceptable limits. Another advantage is the use of flexible materials and a sloping structure.
[20] The device may be constructed for the purpose of wave energy conversion, or may have a dual purpose as a port structure such as a breakwater. The device may also be combined with wind turbines or used in combination with tidal energy generation or for water desalination.
Sequence List Text
[21]

Claims

Claims
[I] A device for absorption of wave energy comprising: at least one hollow block comprising a wave-receiving surface and a parallel opposing surface supported on a slope; at least one tubular water-receiving member held within the at least one hollow block.
[2] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claim 1 wherein the wave- receiving surface of the at least one hollow block defines at least one opening. [3] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the surfaces of the at least one hollow block define at least one opening. [4] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the tubular water receiving member is deformable. [5] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim wherein the at least one hollow block is made of concrete. [6] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claim 5 wherein the at least one hollow block is reinforced with steel or fibre. [7] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim comprising two or more hollow blocks. [8] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claim 7 wherein the two or more hollow blocks are arranged in a regular pattern. [9] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim wherein the at least one tubular water-receiving member is connected to an air chamber. [10] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claim 9 wherein the air chamber is connected to at least one turbine.
[I I] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim wherein the at least one tubular water-receiving member is connected to at least one further tubular member.
[12] A device absorption of wave energy according to claim 11 wherein the at least one further tubular member is connected to a turbine by the air chamber. [13] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim wherein the opposing parallel sloping surface is fixed to any one of a sea bed, a breakwater, a wall, or a cliff. [14] A device for absorption of wave energy according to any preceding claim wherein the device extends above still water level. [15] A device for absorption of wave energy according to claims 12 to 14 wherein the at least one turbine is connected to a dynamo or an alternator. [16] A method for absorption of wave energy comprising: receiving water into a tubular member; forcing air into an air chamber connected to the tubular member, wherein the air chamber drives at least one turbine.
[17] A device for absorption of wave energy substantially as herein before described and referred to in the accompanying figures.
PCT/GB2005/003796 2004-10-05 2005-10-03 Breakwater wave energy converter WO2006037983A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05787335A EP1802814B1 (en) 2004-10-05 2005-10-03 Breakwater wave energy converter
DE602005013553T DE602005013553D1 (en) 2004-10-05 2005-10-03 WELLENBRECHERWELLENENERGIEUMWANDLER

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0422051.3 2004-10-05
GB0422051A GB2418960A (en) 2004-10-05 2004-10-05 Breakwater wave energy converter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006037983A2 true WO2006037983A2 (en) 2006-04-13
WO2006037983A3 WO2006037983A3 (en) 2006-06-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/GB2005/003796 WO2006037983A2 (en) 2004-10-05 2005-10-03 Breakwater wave energy converter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1802814B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE426707T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005013553D1 (en)
GB (1) GB2418960A (en)
WO (1) WO2006037983A2 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010149249A2 (en) * 2009-05-20 2010-12-29 Voith Patent Gmbh Wave chamber for a wave power plant, and method for producing the same
US8033752B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2011-10-11 Elazar Tagansky System for generating energy from sea waves
CN105003384A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-10-28 天津大学 Flexible capsule wave energy power generation device
CN107167298A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-09-15 中国船舶科学研究中心上海分部 A kind of flexible pipe component wave energy experimental rig and its test method
US10161379B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2018-12-25 Oceanlinx Ltd. Coastal protection and wave energy generation system

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GB0612675D0 (en) 2006-06-27 2006-08-09 Innova Ltd Apparatus for generating relative motion from wave motion
GB0809732D0 (en) * 2008-05-29 2008-07-09 Bellamy Norman W Pneumatic structures for wave energy conversion
DE102009018560A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Voith Patent Gmbh Device for converting wave energy into an air flow and method for its production
WO2013034636A1 (en) * 2011-09-06 2013-03-14 Electric Waves, S.L. Caisson breakwater module
CN102603035A (en) * 2012-03-09 2012-07-25 大连理工大学 Tidal energy unsteady boosting seawater desalinization and power generation assembly
JP6021175B2 (en) * 2012-08-10 2016-11-09 海洋エネルギーエンジニアリング株式会社 Wave power generation system and construction method thereof
US9896814B2 (en) 2016-05-02 2018-02-20 SmithGroupJJR, Inc. Quay wall with absorption blocks and inter-chamber flow paths
CN108518298B (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-09-20 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of adjustable oscillaton water column type wave-power device of base slope slope angle

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8033752B2 (en) 2006-12-14 2011-10-11 Elazar Tagansky System for generating energy from sea waves
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WO2006037983A3 (en) 2006-06-01
GB0422051D0 (en) 2004-11-03
GB2418960A (en) 2006-04-12
EP1802814A2 (en) 2007-07-04
EP1802814B1 (en) 2009-03-25
DE602005013553D1 (en) 2009-05-07
ATE426707T1 (en) 2009-04-15

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