WO2006036222A2 - Extruded steering wheel rim - Google Patents

Extruded steering wheel rim Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006036222A2
WO2006036222A2 PCT/US2005/017438 US2005017438W WO2006036222A2 WO 2006036222 A2 WO2006036222 A2 WO 2006036222A2 US 2005017438 W US2005017438 W US 2005017438W WO 2006036222 A2 WO2006036222 A2 WO 2006036222A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steering wheel
wheel rim
reinforcing support
rim
wheel assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2005/017438
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006036222A3 (en
Inventor
Xiaoping Xu
Byron Spencer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Joyson Safety Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Joyson Safety Systems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Joyson Safety Systems Inc filed Critical Joyson Safety Systems Inc
Publication of WO2006036222A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006036222A2/en
Publication of WO2006036222A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006036222A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D1/00Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
    • B62D1/02Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
    • B62D1/04Hand wheels
    • B62D1/06Rims, e.g. with heating means; Rim covers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/001Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B29C69/002Winding
    • B29C69/003Winding and cutting longitudinally, e.g. for making O-rings; chain links, insulation tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/003Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3047Steering wheels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20732Handles
    • Y10T74/20834Hand wheels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a steering wheel assembly.
  • Steering wheel assemblies for vehicles typically have a steering wheel rim, armature, and spokes extending to a hub within the center of the rim
  • the rim may be formed from rolled metal or, alternatively, a plastic core formed by a mold.
  • a lining or leather wrap may be added to the rim for driver comfort.
  • Steering wheel assemblies are relatively expensive. Part of the expense arises from the use of durable materials, such as a metal or a solid plastic core, to form the steering wheel rim. These materials ensure that the steering wheel has enough rigidity to respond well to inputs from a driver. They are also strong enough to survive the wear and tear that may occur during the operation of the vehicle.
  • the present invention comprises a steering wheel assembly.
  • the steering wheel assembly has a steering wheel rim that extends around a perimeter.
  • the steering wheel rim may be hollow.
  • reinforcing supports extend at least partially around the perimeter on the steering wheel rim.
  • the steering wheel has an interior surface and an exterior surface. These reinforcing supports may protrude from the interior surface, the exterior surface or both surfaces of the rim.
  • the inventive steering wheel assembly is made via an extrusion process.
  • Material is extruded through a die.
  • the material is then formed into the shape of a steering wheel rim.
  • Reinforcing supports may be added to the material and may be formed with the rim from the same die.
  • the die may form these supports on an interior surface or an exterior surface of the rim.
  • the steering wheel armature, spoke and hub may be subsequently molded to the extruded steering wheel rim.
  • the steering wheel rim By forming the steering wheel rim in this manner, less material is required to construct each steering wheel rim.
  • the steering wheel rim has sufficient strength from the reinforcing supports extending along the rim to perform well and to be long lasting. Consequently, a steering wheel may be constructed at very low cost while retaining the strength and durability required for normal vehicle operation.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a steering wheel assembly, showing steering wheel rim and reinforcing supports.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the steering wheel rim of Figure 1 formed by a die.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim, including filler material extending around the rim.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an extrusion process for forming the steering wheel rim of Figures 1-5
  • Figure 7 illustrates the separation of the steering wheel rim from the extruded material of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a completed steering wheel rim.
  • Figure 9 shows the completed steering wheel rim of Figure 8 in a mold.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional perspective view of an inventive steering wheel assembly 10.
  • the steering wheel assembly 10 has a steering wheel rim 14 extending around a perimeter 18.
  • the steering wheel rim 14 has an inner circumference 16 and an outer circumference 20.
  • the steering wheel assembly 10 also has a steering wheel armature 82, which is attaches the steering wheel rim 14 to spokes 86.
  • the spokes 86 are attached to a hub 90.
  • the steering wheel rim 14 is an extrusion formed from a die as shown in Figure 2.
  • the die 38 has opening 43 shaped like a cross-section 42 of the steering wheel rim 14.
  • the cross-section 42 is a cross-section of the steering wheel rim 14 in a direction perpendicular to periphery 18 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the cross-section 42 is a continuous, unbroken ring.
  • the steering wheel rim 14 has reinforcing supports 22, which are formed on an interior surface 26 and an exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. These reinforcing supports 22 are extrusions and are also formed by the die 38 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the die 38 forms the interior volume 50 of the steering wheel rim 14. Consequently, less material may be used to form the steering wheel rim 14 than in other conventional methods. Reinforcing supports 22 strengthen the steering wheel rim 14.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative cross-section 44 for the steering wheel rim 14.
  • the difference between the cross-section 42 of Figure 2 and the cross-section 44 of Figure 3 is the absence of reinforcing supports 22 on the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. Instead, reinforcing supports 22 are only provided on the interior surface 26.
  • the first reinforcing support 62 extends from a first location 54 to a second location 58 of the interior surface 26 across the interior volume 50.
  • a second reinforcing support 66 is attached at a third location 56 and a fourth location 60 of the interior surface 26. Both reinforcing supports 62, 66 meet at an intersection 67.
  • Figure 4 illustrates cross-section 46.
  • the reinforcing supports 22 do not extend entirely across the interior volume 50.
  • the steering wheel rim 14 is provided with reinforcing supports 22 that protrude above the interior surface 26 but do not intersect.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another alternative cross-section, cross-section 48, here having both reinforcing supports 64 on the interior surface 26 and reinforcing supports 68 on the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14.
  • a filler material 34 is molded onto the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14.
  • the reinforcing supports 68 not only strengthen the steering wheel rim 14 but prevent rotation of the filler material 34 along an arc R. Accordingly, the reinforcing supports 68 prevent the filler material 34 from being twisted on a steel wheel rim 14 by a vehicle driver.
  • the cross sections 42, 44, 46 and 48 are all formed by a die, such as the die 38, having a shape to form by extrusion the foregoing cross-sections.
  • the steering wheel rim 14 may be made from any suitable material 94, such as plastic, magnesium, aluminum or other extrudable material.
  • a plastic such as LEXAN EXLTM resin made by the GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYTM, may be used.
  • a die 38 is provided with a source of a material 94 in an extrudable state.
  • the material 94 is passed through die 38 and formed around form 40, a cylinder having a circumference C, which is about the circumference of the inner circumference 16 of the steering wheel rim 14 as shown in Figure 1.
  • a segment 98 here a loop having inner circumference C, is cut from the extruded material 100.
  • a tube 70 having first end 74 and a second end 78 is formed.
  • a first end 74 and a second end 78 of a tube 70 are joined, such as by mating plugs or other connectors. In this way multiple steering wheel rims 14 may be formed quickly and with very little expense from the extruded material 100.
  • the tube 70 may then be placed in a mold 104.
  • the mold 104 is provided with a form 108 in which a steering wheel armature 82, spokes 86 and a hub 90 may be molded to the tube 70.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

A steering wheel assembly (10) has a steering wheel rim (14) extending around a perimeter (18). A reinforcing support (22) extends at least partially around the perimeter (18) and is formed on the steering wheel rim (14). The steering wheel rim (14) has an interior surface (26) and an exterior surface (30). The reinforcing support (22) protrudes from at least one of the interior surface (26) and the exterior surface (30).

Description

EXTRUDED STEERING WHEEL RIM
This invention relates to a steering wheel assembly.
Steering wheel assemblies for vehicles typically have a steering wheel rim, armature, and spokes extending to a hub within the center of the rim The rim may be formed from rolled metal or, alternatively, a plastic core formed by a mold. A lining or leather wrap may be added to the rim for driver comfort.
Steering wheel assemblies are relatively expensive. Part of the expense arises from the use of durable materials, such as a metal or a solid plastic core, to form the steering wheel rim. These materials ensure that the steering wheel has enough rigidity to respond well to inputs from a driver. They are also strong enough to survive the wear and tear that may occur during the operation of the vehicle.
A need therefore exists for a durable and inexpensive steering wheel assembly.
The present invention comprises a steering wheel assembly. The steering wheel assembly has a steering wheel rim that extends around a perimeter. The steering wheel rim may be hollow. To strengthen the rim, reinforcing supports extend at least partially around the perimeter on the steering wheel rim. The steering wheel has an interior surface and an exterior surface. These reinforcing supports may protrude from the interior surface, the exterior surface or both surfaces of the rim.
The inventive steering wheel assembly is made via an extrusion process. Material is extruded through a die. The material is then formed into the shape of a steering wheel rim. Reinforcing supports may be added to the material and may be formed with the rim from the same die. The die may form these supports on an interior surface or an exterior surface of the rim. The steering wheel armature, spoke and hub may be subsequently molded to the extruded steering wheel rim.
By forming the steering wheel rim in this manner, less material is required to construct each steering wheel rim. In addition, the steering wheel rim has sufficient strength from the reinforcing supports extending along the rim to perform well and to be long lasting. Consequently, a steering wheel may be constructed at very low cost while retaining the strength and durability required for normal vehicle operation.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a steering wheel assembly, showing steering wheel rim and reinforcing supports.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the steering wheel rim of Figure 1 formed by a die.
Figure 3 illustrates an alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim.
Figure 4 illustrates another alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim.
Figure 5 illustrates another alternative cross-section of a steering wheel rim, including filler material extending around the rim.
Figure 6 illustrates an extrusion process for forming the steering wheel rim of Figures 1-5
Figure 7 illustrates the separation of the steering wheel rim from the extruded material of Figure 6.
Figure 8 illustrates a completed steering wheel rim.
Figure 9 shows the completed steering wheel rim of Figure 8 in a mold.
Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional perspective view of an inventive steering wheel assembly 10. The steering wheel assembly 10 has a steering wheel rim 14 extending around a perimeter 18. The steering wheel rim 14 has an inner circumference 16 and an outer circumference 20. Like conventional steering wheel assemblies, the steering wheel assembly 10 also has a steering wheel armature 82, which is attaches the steering wheel rim 14 to spokes 86. The spokes 86 are attached to a hub 90.
The steering wheel rim 14 is an extrusion formed from a die as shown in Figure 2. The die 38 has opening 43 shaped like a cross-section 42 of the steering wheel rim 14. The cross-section 42 is a cross-section of the steering wheel rim 14 in a direction perpendicular to periphery 18 as shown in Figure 1. Here, the cross-section 42 is a continuous, unbroken ring. The steering wheel rim 14 has reinforcing supports 22, which are formed on an interior surface 26 and an exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. These reinforcing supports 22 are extrusions and are also formed by the die 38 as shown in Figure 2. In addition, the die 38 forms the interior volume 50 of the steering wheel rim 14. Consequently, less material may be used to form the steering wheel rim 14 than in other conventional methods. Reinforcing supports 22 strengthen the steering wheel rim 14.
Figure 3 shows an alternative cross-section 44 for the steering wheel rim 14. The difference between the cross-section 42 of Figure 2 and the cross-section 44 of Figure 3 is the absence of reinforcing supports 22 on the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. Instead, reinforcing supports 22 are only provided on the interior surface 26. Furthermore, the first reinforcing support 62 extends from a first location 54 to a second location 58 of the interior surface 26 across the interior volume 50. Similarly, a second reinforcing support 66 is attached at a third location 56 and a fourth location 60 of the interior surface 26. Both reinforcing supports 62, 66 meet at an intersection 67.
Figure 4 illustrates cross-section 46. Here, in contrast to the cross- section 44 of Figure 3, the reinforcing supports 22 do not extend entirely across the interior volume 50. Instead, the steering wheel rim 14 is provided with reinforcing supports 22 that protrude above the interior surface 26 but do not intersect.
Figure 5 illustrates another alternative cross-section, cross-section 48, here having both reinforcing supports 64 on the interior surface 26 and reinforcing supports 68 on the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. In addition, a filler material 34 is molded onto the exterior surface 30 of the steering wheel rim 14. As shown, the reinforcing supports 68 not only strengthen the steering wheel rim 14 but prevent rotation of the filler material 34 along an arc R. Accordingly, the reinforcing supports 68 prevent the filler material 34 from being twisted on a steel wheel rim 14 by a vehicle driver. The cross sections 42, 44, 46 and 48 are all formed by a die, such as the die 38, having a shape to form by extrusion the foregoing cross-sections. The steering wheel rim 14 may be made from any suitable material 94, such as plastic, magnesium, aluminum or other extrudable material. A plastic, such as LEXAN EXL™ resin made by the GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY™, may be used.
The technique for extruding a steering wheel rim 14 will now be explained with reference to Figures 6-8. As shown in Figure 6, a die 38 is provided with a source of a material 94 in an extrudable state. At pressure, the material 94 is passed through die 38 and formed around form 40, a cylinder having a circumference C, which is about the circumference of the inner circumference 16 of the steering wheel rim 14 as shown in Figure 1. Following the extrusion of the material 94 through the die 38, as shown in Figure 7, a segment 98, here a loop having inner circumference C, is cut from the extruded material 100. Hence, a tube 70 having first end 74 and a second end 78 is formed.
As shown in Figure 8, a first end 74 and a second end 78 of a tube 70 are joined, such as by mating plugs or other connectors. In this way multiple steering wheel rims 14 may be formed quickly and with very little expense from the extruded material 100. As shown in Figure 9, the tube 70 may then be placed in a mold 104. The mold 104 is provided with a form 108 in which a steering wheel armature 82, spokes 86 and a hub 90 may be molded to the tube 70.

Claims

1. A steering wheel assembly (10) comprising a steering wheel rim (14) extending around a perimeter (18), a reinforcing support (22) extending at least partially around said perimeter (18) and formed on said steering wheel rim (14), and said steering wheel rim (14) having an interior surface (26) and an exterior surface (30), said reinforcing support (22) protruding from at least one of said interior surface (26) and said exterior surface (30).
2. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 1 wherein said reinforcing support (22) is located on said exterior surface (30) of said steering wheel rim (14).
3. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 2 further comprising a filler material (34) disposed on said exterior surface (30), said reinforcing support (22) preventing said filler material (34) from rotating about said rim (14).
4. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 1 wherein at least one of said steering wheel rim (14) and said reinforcing support (22) comprises an extrusion.
5. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim4 wherein both said steering wheel rim (14) and said reinforcing support (22) comprise an extrusion from the same die.
6. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 1 wherein said steering wheel rim (14) has a cross section transverse to said perimeter (18), said cross section forming a continuous ring.
7. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 1 wherein said steering wheel rim (14) has an interior volume, said reinforcing support (22) extending across said interior volume and attached to a first location (54) and a second location (58) of said interior surface of said interior volume.
8. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 1 wherein said reinforcing support (22) comprises a first reinforcing support (62) and a second reinforcing support (66), said first reinforcing support (62) spaced from said second reinforcing support (66).
9. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 8 wherein said first reinforcing support (62) is located on said interior surface (26) and said second reinforcing support (66) is located on said exterior surface (30).
10. A steering wheel assembly (10) according to Claim 8 wherein said steering wheel has a cross section transverse to said perimeter (18), said first reinforcing support (62) spaced from said second reinforcing support (66) in said cross section.
PCT/US2005/017438 2004-09-24 2005-05-19 Extruded steering wheel rim Ceased WO2006036222A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/949,508 2004-09-24
US10/949,508 US20060070486A1 (en) 2004-09-24 2004-09-24 Extruded steering wheel rim

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006036222A2 true WO2006036222A2 (en) 2006-04-06
WO2006036222A3 WO2006036222A3 (en) 2007-03-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/017438 Ceased WO2006036222A2 (en) 2004-09-24 2005-05-19 Extruded steering wheel rim

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20060070486A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006036222A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008035104A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Steering wheel for a motor vehicle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2461970B (en) * 2008-06-19 2012-08-08 Gm Global Tech Operations Inc Steering wheel for a motor vehicle
USD744392S1 (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-12-01 Craig Allen Pittman Steering wheel cover with keyboard grip

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060070486A1 (en) 2006-04-06
WO2006036222A3 (en) 2007-03-01

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