WO2006031145A1

WO2006031145A1 - Gastrointestinal tract electrostimulator with endogenic iontophoresis of microelements

Info

Publication number: WO2006031145A1
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000168
Authority: WO
Inventors: Viktor Filippovich Agafonnikov
Original assignee: Viktor Filippovich Agafonnikov
Priority date: 2004-08-10
Filing date: 2005-04-05
Publication date: 2006-03-23
Also published as: RU2004124415A; RU2277429C2

Abstract

The invention relates to medicine and veterinary science, in particular to gastrointestinal tract (G.I.T.) electrostimulators using the endogenous iontophoresis of microelements which can be used, for example for introducing missing microelements in to a living organism associated with the G.I.T. electrostimulation. The main aim of said invention is to develop an electrostimulator which makes it possible to increase the stimulating efficiency of the gastrointestinal tract or other organ operation by means of a multicomponent microelement iontophoresis. For this purpose, the gastrointestinal tract electrostimulator using the endogenous iontophoresis of microelements comprises coated electrodes which are embodied in the form two electrically insulated parts of a sealed capsule provided with a power source and a pulse former connected to the electrodes, wherein the coating of the microelement-containing electrodes is embodied in the form of several layers made of materials having different electric potentials.

Description

Gastrointestinal tract stimulator with endogenous trace element iontophoresis

The technical field The invention relates to medicine and veterinary medicine, namely to electrical stimulators (ES) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with endogenous iontophoresis of trace elements, which can be used, for example, to introduce the missing trace elements into a living organism against the background of electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract.

State of the art

It is known that the current flowing through the electrode-solution interface consists of the charging current (i ₃ ) of the double electric layer and the current due to the electrochemical reaction (Faraday current i _f ) i = i s + i _f

The Faraday component of the current provides endogenous iontophoresis of the electrode material into the intestinal wall. That is, the protective film of the coating of the electrode of the electrostimulator dissolves in the intestine and provides monoionophoresis of the coating material.

Known electronic normalizer (description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2071368, M. Cl. ⁶ A 61N 1/375), containing electrodes, which are two isolated parts of the sealed capsule body, inside which are located the signal conditioner and the power source. The electrodes are made of metallic or non-metallic conductive material coated with or without a trace element and are insulated with a sleeve, The signal conditioner is a microprocessor. The device also contains a contact element in contact with one of the poles of the power source, and the other pole of the source is pressed using a spring connected to one of the electrodes.

A disadvantage of the known electronic normalizer is the ineffective stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs due to the inability to introduce a complex of trace elements, while the course of various diseases is accompanied by a deficiency of several trace elements. For example, in diabetes mellitus, a patient has a deficiency of zinc, chromium, and copper (Physiological role and practical use of microelements. Riga, Zinatne ed., 1976, p. 204, 213-214, 221-222).

Known electrical stimulator (abstract of certificate N ° 1632 for a utility model of the Russian Federation, M. Cl. ⁶ A61N1 / 36), containing a sealed enclosure consisting of electrodes, which are two electrically isolated parts, a signal generator and a power source located inside the housing, a microheater, magnet to fix it in the required area. A coating is applied to the body, which ensures the uniform entry of scarce micronutrients into the body. A hole is made in one of the parts of the body, next to which inside is a drug capsule. A coating that provides uniform entry into the body of trace elements deficient for it contains either Cu, or Ag, or Zn.

A disadvantage of the known electrical stimulator is the ineffective stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs due to the inability to introduce a complex of trace elements, while the course of various diseases accompanied by a deficiency of several trace elements.

The closest in technical essence and the problem to be solved to the present invention is a gastrointestinal tract stimulator (description of the invention to RF patent Ns 2036671, M.C. ⁶ A61N1 / 375), including a pulse generator, a power source and electrodes made in the form of two electrically isolated parts of the drug capsule, and a pulse generator and power source are placed inside the capsule. The gastrointestinal stimulator contains a coating deposited on the electrode-anode in the form of a continuous conductive film of one of a number of microelements with a thickness of at least 10 μm, i.e., a film of a thickness of at least 10 μm is applied to the surface of the electrode-anode either from zinc or nickel, or from chromium, or from another trace element that is currently needed by the body. A disadvantage of the known gastrointestinal electrical stimulator is the ineffective stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs due to the inability to introduce a complex of trace elements, while the course of various diseases is accompanied by a deficiency of several trace elements. For example, with diabetes in the patient’s body, there is a deficiency of zinc, chromium, and copper.

Disclosure of invention

The main task to which the invention is directed is the creation of an electric stimulator that provides increased stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs through multicomponent iontophoresis of trace elements.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the electric stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract with endogenous electrophoresis of microelements containing coated electrodes made in the form of two electrically isolated parts of a sealed capsule, inside of which are a power supply and 5 pulse shaper connected to the electrodes, the electrode coating containing microelements is made in the form of layers of microelements with different electrode potentials (E).

It is optimal to deposit layers of trace elements on the electrodes so that the lower layers have a larger standard electrode potential (E) with respect to the upper layers.

A layer of a trace element with a lower standard electrode potential (E) dissolves faster than a layer with a large standard electrode potential (E) (V. Kuznetsov

15 Physical and colloid chemistry, Moscow, Higher school, 1964, p. 269). This will ensure the sequence of electrochemical dissolution of trace elements and the spread of assimilation in time and space of the gastrointestinal tract of trace elements that are antagonists. 0 Violation of this sequence can lead to negative consequences. Firstly, the simultaneous administration of two trace elements, one of which is an antagonist of the other, will give zero effect. Secondly, the trace element layer is a very thin and porous film, and if the layers are not applied properly, then the lower layer will dissolve faster due to the porosity of the film, and the upper layer will disappear and remain in the intestine.

In order to avoid hypermicroelementosis, the layer from each microelement should have a mass less than or equal to the average daily requirement of the body for this element.

It is preferable to install between the electrodes of the dielectric sleeve.

Currently, the author has not identified from sources of information the gastrointestinal stimulator in the scope of the invention.

The introduction of a complex of trace elements into a living organism from the surface of the electrodes of the gastrointestinal electrostimulator occurs due to the sequential dissolution of layers of trace elements deposited on the electrodes, i.e. during the operation of the electrostimulator, there is electrochemical corrosion of the electrodes in the acid-base medium of the gastrointestinal tract and endogenous iontophoresis (Kuznetsov V.V. Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1964, p. 269). Regulation of the corrosion rate and, accordingly, the intake of trace elements in the body is achieved by changing the thickness of the layers of trace elements on the electrode. The dose of trace elements introduced into the body is determined by the average daily requirement and is limited by the weight of the coating. The present invention by multicomponent iontophoresis of trace elements allows more efficient use of an electrical stimulator for the introduction of missing trace elements into a living organism against the background of electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs.

Brief Description of the Drawing

In FIG. An example of the design of an electrical stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract with iontophoresis of trace elements is shown. An example embodiment of the invention

The gastrointestinal stimulator consists of a sealed capsule made in the form of two electrode caps 1 and 2 (see Fig.), Isolated by a sleeve 3. Inside the capsule there is a power supply 4, consisting of galvanic cells, and an integrated circuit of the 5 pulse shaper. One pole of the power supply 4 is in contact with a rivet 6, mounted on the sleeve 3, the second with a spring 7, mounted on the electrode 1. On the electrodes 1 and (or) 2, coatings 8 are formed in the form of layers of trace elements.

The coating can be carried out from molecular beams, by ion doping, electrochemically, by vapor deposition, or by other means, both on the entire surface and on a part of the surface of the electrostimulator electrodes. The size of the electric stimulator is limited by the possibility of its introduction into the gastrointestinal tract.

Microelements themselves, or compounds or alloys containing them, can act as electrode materials of an electric stimulator, provided that they possess the necessary electrical conductivity, electrochemical, and structural properties and are not guaranteed to pass into the body in the amount of exposure that can cause poisoning or hypermicroelementosis. Since far from all trace elements fully satisfy the specified requirements, it seems more flexible to manufacture an electrode - a base from a neutral, fairly inert material, followed by a coating containing trace elements in the optimal dose.

Electrical stimulator of the digestive tract works as follows.

The gastrointestinal stimulator is introduced into the body, for example, by swallowing. When the interelectrode gap is bypassed by the wall and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, the pulse shaper 5 switches from the standby mode to the pulse generation mode. Electric pulses arrive at electrodes 1 and 2, act on the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and cause a response in the form of peristalsis waves. The latter promote the electrical stimulator along with the contents of the gastrointestinal tract in its distal parts. They are fed another series of pulses, and the process repeats. During the operation of the electric stimulator, the layers of trace elements deposited on the electrodes sequentially dissolve, providing endogenous iontophoresis of the electrode material into the intestinal wall, as a result of which the missing trace elements enter the body. The dose of trace elements introduced into the body is determined by the average daily requirement and is limited by the weight of the coating.

Example. In the treatment of patients with diabetes, the trace elements copper, chromium, and zinc are indicated. An electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract with endogenous iontophoresis of the indicated complex of microelements can be made with electrodes made of stainless steel 12X18H9. On the electrodes-caps 1 and (or) 2 (see Fig.) Stainless steel electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract, layers are applied sequentially copper, chromium, zinc. Standard electrode potentials (E), the mass of trace elements on the electrode (M), corresponding to the average daily human need for the indicated trace elements, corrosion rate (J) are given in the table.

With the introduction of an electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract into the body and when the electrostimulator moves along the gastrointestinal tract, the zinc layer, which has a smaller standard electrode potential (E = - 0.76), then - chromium (E = - 0.41) and last - a layer of copper (E = + 0.34). Since the layers of trace elements have a mass less than or equal to the average daily requirement of the body for this trace element, the body receives the missing trace elements in the required amount without the accumulation of trace elements in the body (hypermicroelementosis).

Industrial Applicability An electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract with endogenous microelement iontophoresis can be used for disorders of the metabolism of microelements in the human body, accompanying the course and development of many diseases. The present invention allows us to correct these disorders and, using multicomponent iontophoresis of trace elements, it is more efficient to use an electrical stimulator to introduce missing trace elements into a living organism against the background of electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract or other organs.

Table

Micronutrient Reaction in M, mg J, mg / h

Copper Cu → Cu ²⁺ + 2e + 0, 34 2- 5 0.08- -0.21

Chromium Cr → Cr ²⁺ + 2e - 0, 41 5-10 10.21--0.42

Zinc Zn → Zn ²⁺ + 2e - 0, 76 10-15 0.42--0.63

Claims

Claim

1. Electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract with endogenous iontophoresis of trace elements, containing electrodes with

5 is a coating made in the form of two electrically isolated parts of a sealed capsule, inside of which there is a power supply and a pulse shaper connected to the electrodes, characterized in that the coating of the electrodes containing trace elements is made in the form of layers of trace elements with different electrode potentials (E) .

2. The pacemaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of trace elements are applied to the electrodes so that the lower layers have a larger standard electrode potential (E) by

15 in relation to the upper layers.

3. The pacemaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of trace elements have a mass less than or equal to the average daily requirement of the body for this trace element. 0 4. Electrical stimulator according to claim 1, characterized in that a dielectric sleeve is installed between the electrodes.